u4l7 - endocrine system copy - wordpress.com · endocrine system steroid hormones - type of fat...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings - affect receptors within cytoplasm of target](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75e8b91d4307465108806c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Endocrine System
![Page 2: U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings - affect receptors within cytoplasm of target](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75e8b91d4307465108806c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Consists of three components:
❶
❷
❸
Glands
Transport system
Signal molecules
specialized cells - produce and secrete chemical signal molecules (hormones)
-
primarily bloodstream - signal molecules can travel throughout body
-
chemicals that can be used to transmit a message-
Endocrine System
- molecules released within body are called hormones- - molecules released outside are pheromones (there is
![Page 3: U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings - affect receptors within cytoplasm of target](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75e8b91d4307465108806c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Endocrine System
❶ Steroid hormones- type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings
- affect receptors within cytoplasm of target cell
affect receptors on membrane of target cells
specific sequence of amino acids
❷ Protein hormones-
-
Hormone - produced in a gland and moves to all parts of body through bloodstreamOnly affects target organ2 classes of hormones:- Differ in chemical structure and action
![Page 4: U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings - affect receptors within cytoplasm of target](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75e8b91d4307465108806c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
progesteroneestrogen
testosterone
Steroid Hormones
![Page 5: U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings - affect receptors within cytoplasm of target](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75e8b91d4307465108806c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The hormone-receptor complex moves into the nucleus.
Protein synthesis is initiated.
Steroid HormonesSteroid hormones are fat soluble - can move through cell membraneAttach to receptor molecules within cytoplasmHormone-receptor complex then moves into nucleusAffect protein synthesis of target cell
receptor
steroid hormone
protein
nucleus
![Page 6: U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings - affect receptors within cytoplasm of target](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75e8b91d4307465108806c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Protein Hormones
Insulin
Adrenaline
![Page 7: U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings - affect receptors within cytoplasm of target](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75e8b91d4307465108806c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Protein Hormones
protein hormone
receptor
ATP
cyclic AMP
activates enzymes
Activates enzymes in cytoplasm - alters target cell
Protein hormones attach to receptors on membrane of target cellStimulated receptors cause conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP
![Page 8: U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings - affect receptors within cytoplasm of target](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75e8b91d4307465108806c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Glands of Endocrine System
pineal
We will
discuss these
glands later
on!!!
![Page 9: U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings - affect receptors within cytoplasm of target](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75e8b91d4307465108806c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Pituitary Gland
Anterior and posterior pituitary secrete specific hormones
Pituitary called “master gland” - hormones that it secretes have an affect on other glands of body
Pituitary gland - pea-sized structure in brain that hangs from hypothalamus
Hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland to secrete hormones
Anterior pituitary - secretes six hormones, some of which drive hormone secretion from other glands
Posterior pituitary - stores and releases two hormones
![Page 10: U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings - affect receptors within cytoplasm of target](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75e8b91d4307465108806c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
posterior pituitary
hypothalamus
anterior pituitary
![Page 11: U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings - affect receptors within cytoplasm of target](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75e8b91d4307465108806c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Glands of Endocrine SystemGland Function of Hormone(s)
ThyroidControl metabolism and regulates growth and
development
Parathyroid Regulate concentration of calcium and phosphate ions in blood
AdrenalMedulla
Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine - control body’s response to stress
Adrenal Cortex
Cortisol - regulates blood glucose levelAldosterone - regulates salt-water balance
Pineal Melatonin - regulate biological rhythms
![Page 12: U4L7 - Endocrine System copy - WordPress.com · Endocrine System Steroid hormones - type of fat that contains four fused hydrocarbon rings - affect receptors within cytoplasm of target](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040903/5e75e8b91d4307465108806c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Anterior Pituitary ProblemsGrowth hormone (GH)stimulates cell division, protein synthesis, and bone growth - allows for body growth
Pituitary Dwarfs - caused by deficiencies in GH during childhood
Pituitary Giants - caused by overproduction in GH during childhood or adolescents usually caused by a tumour