ubiquitous computing: the grand vision
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Ubiquitous Computing: The Grand Vision. Jason I. Hong. Today’s Papers. Original vision of ubiquitous computing What they hoped to accomplish What they actually accomplished A sci-fi story describing what it might be like to live with ubicomp - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Today’s Papers
• Original vision of ubiquitous computing– What they hoped to accomplish
– What they actually accomplished
• A sci-fi story describing what it might be like to live with ubicomp– Stories as a way of doing a “prototype”
without building it
– Has to be logically consistent and compelling
Rewind Back to the Late 1980s
• Bad hair was popular• Computers expensive• Macintosh had just come out• Before cell phones cheap• Before Internet widespread
• PC was the only notion of a computer
Ubicomp Also a Reaction to Computing Trends at the Time
• Personal Computer• Laptops• Dynabooks• Knowledge Navigator• Virtual Reality
Ubicomp Influenced by Philosophy
• Martin Heidegger’s notion of Ready-to-hand vs Present-at-hand
• When the mouse is used to complete a task, it is an extension of your body
• When the mouse runs off the pad or the wire obstructs motion, it becomes consciously present as an artifact in use
Ubicomp Influenced by Anthropologists
• “From atoms to culture”
• “The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.”
• Technology effective when not consciously aware– “I talked to my brother on the phone the other day”
– Driving a car
Ubicomp TechnologiesTabs, Pads, Boards
• Physical scale matters– Inches
– Feet
– Yard
– Good reason not to switch to metric system?
Active Badges
• Identity + Room level location + Button• Relatively “simple” tech led to lots of apps
– Door opens only to right badge wearer (Bill Gates’ house)
– Rooms greet people by name
– Telephone calls automatically forwarded
– Computer terminal can quickly your settings (“Teleporting”)
– Automatic diary
• Having actual hardware let them experiment quickly
Some Characteristics of Ubicomp
• Embed tech into the physical world (“Colonizing”)– New devices leveraging familiar metaphors
Some Characteristics of Ubicomp
• Embed tech into the physical world– New devices leveraging familiar metaphors
• Push tech into the background, invisible– Analogy to literacy
• Artificial intelligence not needed• Context can be very powerful
– Automatic diary, auto door open, call forwarding
• Lots of very cheap displays (inch, foot, yard)– Lots of new interaction techniques
– Waving, writing, walking into rooms
The Sal Story
• “Coffee?”– Coffee machine only knows “Yes” and “No”
– No other speech input devices nearby, or can ignore
– Coffee machine knows if it has coffee grounds inside
• “She sees electronic trails that have been kept for her of neighbors coming and going”– Window has some computer vision
– Window can also display information
The Sal Story
• “She can see that [her kids] got up 15 and 20 minutes ago”– No plausible deniability for kids anymore!
– Possibly sensors in bed, microphones in bedrooms, or location tracking
• “She wipes her pen over the newspaper’s name, date, section and page number and then circles the quote. The pen sends a message to the paper, which transmits the quote to her office”– How does the pen know who to send to?
The Sal Story
• “[Sal] can press a code into the opener and the missing manual will find itself”– These days would probably be web based
• “She spots a slowdown ahead and also notices on a side street the telltale green … of a food shop”– Advertiser-based hardware? Install this and 10% off price?
– Or somehow configure it? Configure lots of devices?
The Sal Story
• “Sal glances out her windows: a gray day in Silicon Valley… meanwhile it has been a quiet morning at the East Coast office”
The Sal Story
• “The telltale by the door that Sal programmed her first day on the job is blinking: fresh coffee”– End-user programming, how to do this in ubicomp?
– Coffee seems to be popular in Silicon Valley – Fresh coffee also popular app at PARC
The Sal Story
• “Sal picks up a tab and waves it to her friend Joe”– Have to be careful of accidental data sharing
– How does it know what to share?
– How to differentiate if multiple people there?
• “The two have given each other access to their location detectors and to each other’s screen contents and location”– How to easily configure (an area of research for me)
– Would co-workers find this acceptable? Social conventions?
The Sal Story
• “A blank tab on Sal’s desk beeps and displays the word “Joe”… Joe wants to discuss a document with her, and now it shows up on the wall”– These days would probably be initiated via IM
– Easy to share data and talk real-time
Success of the Ubicomp Project
• Electronic whiteboards
• PDAs• Local Area Wireless networking• Active Badges
Stuff We Still Can’t Easily Do
• Location based services in general• Scoreboard – public display that shows custom
information depending on who’s there– Sports scores, news, etc
• Locating lost objects– RFIDs
• Deployment costs, robustness, economics
What’s Missing?
• Web– Notice no mention of the Internet, wasn’t obvious at time
– Makes the paper feel a little dated
– Subtle difference in vision: original ubicomp about embedded chips in everything, web services about mass scale
• Social sciences– Privacy
– Really compelling apps
What’s Missing?
• Do laptops still have a future in ubicomp?– Lots of devices and somehow your data gets to them
– Laptops still central, but can easily share data
• How do cell phones fit into the ubicomp picture?
Famous Quote
• There is more information available at our fingertips during a walk in the woods than in any computer system, yet people find a walk among trees relaxing and computers frustrating.
• Machines that fit the human environment instead of forcing humans to enter theirs will make using a computer as refreshing as taking a walk in the woods
• Vinge is well-known sci-fi writer– Story set in year 2020
– Like a low-fidelity prototype
– Has to be plausible vision of future
• Combines lots of tech ideas:– Virtual reality
– Digital libraries
– Ubicomp• Wearable computers• Wireless• Sensor nets
Synthetic Serendipity
We will reach a point where the combination of powerful processors, limitless data-storage capacity, ubiquitous sensor networks, and deeply embedded user interfaces will create a bond between human and machine “so intimate that users may reasonably be considered superhumanly intelligent.” - Vernor Vinge
Another Vision of Ubicomp
• Some interesting points– How Google, eBay, FedEx used in future
– Not real cyborgs, but close to it• Real-time Google• Silent messaging
– Information overlays on top of real world• Pipes, nav arrows, online games in world
– Other services• Real-world Tivo, Friends of Privacy
• Very much a male-oriented view of ubicomp
Synthetic Serendipity
• Will wearable computers actually take off?– How to do input? How to avoid accidental input?
– Non visual output? Or heads up displays?
Synthetic SerendipitySome Questions
• Will it be harder to differentiate “reality”?– Live in “reality” or a world we created?
– A Matrix of our own making? World of Warcraft addiction?
• How to make cost-effective?– Sensor nets not cheap
– Wearable computers not cheap, plus recharging needs
– Simple things we can do first?
Synthetic SerendipitySome Questions
Break up into Four Groups
• Group #1, Group #2– “Machines that fit the human environment instead of forcing
humans to enter theirs will make using a computer as refreshing as taking a walk in the woods.”
– Why are computers so frustrating?
– Simple things computers could do to achieve above goal?
• Group #3, Group #4– “The most profound technologies are those that disappear.
They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.”
– What other technologies have “disappeared”?
– Can ubicomp achieve this goal? Simple ways to start?`
Signup Sheet
• Sign up for:– 1 lecture
– 1 note taking
– 1 more lecture or note taking
– (ie sign up for three things)
• If not enough slots, then share a lecture slot with someone
Original Ubicomp VisionSome Questions
• Cost– Very expensive infrastructure– Cheaper, intermediate forms of ubicomp?
• How do things get pushed into background?– Sort of assumes it will just happen
• Wireless email everywhere• Understandability
– How to design so people can use things?– What is active? What isn’t?
• Too optimistic?– Viruses? Phishing? Hackers?– Will anytime access to info help or exacerbate overload?