uc berkeley “the beauty and joy of computing” : howitworks : 3d graphics (1) garcia uc berkeley...
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (1)
Garcia
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (1)
Garcia
3D Computer Graphics
Sopa and Pipa Dead for nowBills to reduce online PiracyTension and Issue curve online
piracyThe wording of the bill curved the
letter of the law.. CensorshipGoogle, Wikipedia, redit.. Blacked
out the pages for a time in protest
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (2)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (2)
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Sharing of data between private companies, private security companies, and the US government
4/18/2013 passed in the House of Representatives.288-147
Help to prevent from cyber threats… or it’s vague and intrudes on American’s privacy.
Security companies can ask private for your data if the believe you are a threat and share with the federal government
It can happen without you finding out.
Cispa (Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act )
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (3)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (3)
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What does this mean?
Contents from your email, facebook, browsers internet history, files and images that you have down loaded
Mail, contents in your home.. Crime..
Digital privacy is not the same!
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (4)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (4)
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Control of information is power!Who controls
access to our DATA?
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (5)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (5)
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3D Computer Graphics, 10 Miles UpComputer
Graphics one of the sub-fields of research in Computer Science
2D Graphics often called “graphic design”; very different
“The Last Guardian” by Johnny Yip (POV-Ray)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_computer_graphics
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (6)
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3D Graphics Used In…
Film, Television, Print
Either pure CG (e.g., Pixar) or CG elements added to film plates
30 hours / frame
Video GamesBoth “in-engine”
graphics + pre-rendered cinematics
30 frames / second
“Avatar” (wikipedia) “Gran Turismo” (us.gran-turismo.com)
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (7)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (7)
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Graphics Cards
Render capability to take millions of polygons (triangles per second.
Yielding realistic – grand turismio
30 Frames in one second
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (8)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (8)
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Poll
Swiper (from Dora) steals all of the computers in the world and replaces them with the computers from 30 years ago (Processers were orders of magnitude slower). Which of the following could we still create?
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (9)
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…although that line is often blurred
events.game-artist.net/scene_from_a_movie/
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (10)
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Aside: Scenes from a Movie winner
“Blade Runner” by The Replicants
events.game-artist.net/scene_from_a_movie/winners.php
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Poll Answer
The Avatar Movie Since Avatar was done as “batch process (calculation not
done in real time) we could still produce it, but it would take a lot longer to render. We would never be able to get close to the amazingly fast graphic cards for rendering, disk speed and capacity to store and retrieve the assets, and powerful CPU to calculate the correct physics, motion, etc. It is not even close, that’s why video games back in the 80’s look like they did.
Avatar like photo realistic files weren’t made because the algorithms to make things look photo real weren’t invented yet! Our understanding of how natural elements (hair, cloth, clouds, leaves, etc) look and move has really advanced since then.
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (12)
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3D Graphics : How it’s done (simplified)
Modeling
Animation
Lighting &
Shading
Rendering
web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~mjb/intro2009/
“Shutterbug Rendering
Progression” by Pixar
“Shutterbug Rendering Progression” by Pixar
“Squash & Stretch” by idleworm.com
“Procedural Wood”by Pixar
Video Graphics pipeline
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (13)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (13)
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Modeling
Could come from◦ 3D Scanners◦ Interactive modeling◦ Model libraries◦ Procedural techniques
This also involvesRigging
◦ Attaching animation variables to model, allowing animator to control a very complex model w/a few controls
◦ Representation: Lots of options, math
“Menger Cube” by UCB Alum David Wallace (now at
LucasFilm)
www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOOynE1F4P4www.cyberware.com
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (14)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (14)
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Video modelingUsing tools the people use in the modeling
process
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (15)
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Animation
Could come from◦ Interactive keyframing◦ Procedural motion
Flat plane move like an ocean
◦ Motion capture This has put some
animators out of a job Used in Avatar, LotR, … VIDEO HERE
◦ Physics◦ Evolution, Rule
systemsEmotions conveyed!
◦ Humans are very good at reading bad motion
web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~mjb/intro2009/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_capturewww.youtube.com/watch?v=1wK1Ixr-UmM
Image by Hipocrite (wikipedia)
Artist find a home ( right brained peeps
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (16)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (16)
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Animation Films
Avatarr
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (17)
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Creature War … Animation automatic!Brian Mirtich, 1996
UCB Ph.D.◦ Thesis: “Impulse -
based Dynamic Simulation of Rigid Body Systems”
◦ Very cool work!“Creature War”
demo◦ His purpose: show
off his simulator◦ Great example of
rule-drive motion!
www.kuffner.org/james/software/dynamics/mirtich/
Creature“rules”
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (18)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (18)
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Cart and Weebles
Cart find weeble and pushes it down
All automatic based on the five nodes
1996 Procedural or
rule driven motion
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (19)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (19)
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Genetic AlgorithmsKarl Sims blew
away his colleagues with his 1994 seminal work on evolved creatures
web.genarts.com/karl/
evolved virtual creatures
Photo by Hank Morgan
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (20)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (20)
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Evolved Virtual Creatures
20 years old is this work
Adaptation
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (21)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (21)
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Lighting and Shading (and Camera…)Just like in a movie…
◦ Artist sets up lights in the shot for mood
◦ Teams of artists apply hand-drawn and procedural textures, called “shaders” Not pictures but programs There are layers of them
◦ The virtual 3D camera (and its movement) set
But “render!” instead of “action!”…
hof.povray.org/2b.html
“Harvest Time” by Gilles Tran (POV-RAY)
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (22)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (22)
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3D Projection Basics (in Rendering)
For each frame…◦ Take 3D geometry
(and lights and surface shaders) and figure out what color each 2D pixel should be
The math is simply similar triangles
There are lots of algorithms to do this◦ “Expensive” = slower,
but quality usually higher
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_projection
Bx/Bz = Ax/Az
Bx = Bz * Ax/Az
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (23)
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (23)
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Rendering : Global Illumination
What’s our goal?◦ Find rendering algorithms
that simulate what real light does in real world
◦ “Photo-realism”Limitations
◦ There are way too many photons to simulate all of them at once!
◦ Every technique is a different way to simulate the real world
◦ Each has costs & benefitsDirect vs. Global
Illumination“The Lovers” by Gilles Tran. (POV-Ray)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_illumination
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (24)
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Cornell Box
RenderingPhotograph
“The Cornell Box experiments have come to symbolize our approach to physically based rendering. The Cornell box is a
simple physical environment for which we have measured the lighting, geometry, and material reflectance properties. Synthetic images of this environment are then created, and compared to images captured with a calibrated CCD camera. In this way, we
can confirm the accuracy of our simulations.”
www.graphics.cornell.edu/online/box/compare.html
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Direct Illumination ImageImage courtesy Henrik Jensen @ UCSD
UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (26)
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Global Illumination ImageImage courtesy Henrik Jensen @ UCSD
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UC Berkeley “The Beauty and Joy of Computing” : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (27)
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SummaryBeauty and Joy of
Computing? You bet!The field of 3D Graphics
has transformed film, television & video games
How does it work?◦ Modeling◦ Animation◦ Lighting & Shading &
Camera◦ Rendering (film,games
different) It allows people to
exercise right and left sides of brain◦ Opportunities !!!
kevinbeason.com/smallpt/
Image by Kevin Beason