ucla cs w ireless a daptive m obility lab 1 experiments on qos adaptation for improving end user...
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Optimal Update Times for Out-of-Date InformationUCLA CS Wireless
Adaptive Mobility Lab
Experiments on QoS Adaptation for Improving End User Speech Perception Over Multi-Hop Wireless Networks
Tsuwei Chen, Mario Gerla,
UCLA CS Wireless Adaptive Mobility Lab
Motivation
constantly changing QoS
Sensitive to delay jitter
e.g. VIC, VAT
Not suitable for wireless environment
UCLA CS Wireless Adaptive Mobility Lab
Adaptation for Audio Sources
reduce call setup overhead
Improve sound quality only when information quality is met
Caption only
lr: Packet loss rate, TUpper, TLower: Upper and lower packet loss thresholds
lr > TUpper
lr TLower
lr > TUpper
lr > TUpper
lr > TUpper
lr TLower
lr TLower
lr TLower
Adaptive Speech Strategies
Server Adjustable Parameters:
Wireless Network
- jitter
Audio(UDP)
Control(TCP)
A d a p t a t I o n S t r a t e g y :
Audio source adapts to QoS feedback
Piggybacked Text Stream(UDP)
data
Server Player
Caption Embedding Scheme
Question: When you are driving @ at fifty-five miles per hour …
0 sec
2 sec
Caption file (.cpt)
For reliable caption delivery, each 2-second segment of text is replicated in several packets.
#0
#1
#2
#3
#4
UCLA CS Wireless Adaptive Mobility Lab
Packets are forwarded using routing tables
In order to force multihop in confined environment, nodes are partitioned into subnets
WaveLan I, CSMA/CA, 915Mhz, 2Mbps, 700ft (200m) open, 100ft (30m) closed
Multihop Routing
Virtual Interfaces
Experiment Parameters
Speech Encoding
server on-demand extracts lower bit/sampling rates of 11Khz, 8Khz.
RTP-type packets
Jitter measurement
IF jitter > MAX_JITTER_THRESHOLD DOWNGRADE rate
IF loss < MIN_LOSS_THRESHOLD UPGRADE rate, payload
Speech Recognition
On time-window (2-sec) granularity
UCLA CS Wireless Adaptive Mobility Lab
Emulation Experiment
Sampling Rate of Audio Transmission follows Available Bandwidth.
Chart1
0.88
1.93
2.97
4.01
5.06
6.1
7.14
8.19
9.23
10.16
11.32
12.36
13.35
14.39
15.49
16.59
17.52
18.62
19.72
20.66
21.75
22.8
23.9
24.94
25.98
27.03
28.02
29.06
30.1
31.15
32.3
33.29
34.33
35.38
36.42
37.46
38.51
39.55
40.59
41.64
42.68
43.72
44.77
45.81
46.91
47.9
48.94
49.99
51.08
52.07
53.17
54.21
55.26
56.3
57.35
58.28
59.43
60.37
61.47
62.51
63.55
64.6
65.69
66.68
67.78
68.77
69.81
70.91
71.96
73
74.04
75.09
76.13
77.17
78.22
79.26
80.3
81.35
82.39
83.44
84.48
85.52
86.57
87.55
88.6
89.48
90.74
91.73
92.77
93.87
94.86
95.9
97
98.1
99.03
100.13
101.18
102.16
103.26
104.31
105.41
106.34
107.44
108.54
109.58
110.57
111.61
112.71
113.81
114.74
115.84
116.88
117.98
118.81
120.02
121.11
122.05
123.15
124.24
125.29
126.33
127.38
128.42
129.46
130.51
131.55
132.59
133.64
134.68
135.72
136.77
137.81
138.86
139.9
140.94
141.99
143.03
144.07
145.12
146.16
147.09
148.25
149.35
150.28
151.87
152.48
153.41
154.51
155.55
156.65
157.58
158.68
159.78
160.72
161.81
No Adaptation
The audio stream is not responsive to the loss rates observed.
Significant quality degradation perceived with increased loss rate
Chart2
0.83
0.83
0.83
1.87
1.87
1.87
3.35
3.35
3.35
3.96
3.96
3.96
5
5
5
6.04
6.04
6.04
7.09
7.09
7.09
8.13
8.13
8.13
9.17
9.17
9.17
10.22
10.22
10.22
11.26
11.26
11.26
12.31
12.31
12.31
13.4
13.4
13.4
14.39
14.39
14.39
15.44
15.44
15.44
16.48
16.48
16.48
17.58
17.58
17.58
18.57
18.57
18.57
19.67
19.67
19.67
20.71
20.71
20.71
21.7
21.7
21.7
22.74
22.74
22.74
23.84
23.84
23.84
24.88
24.88
24.88
25.93
25.93
25.93
26.97
26.97
26.97
27.96
27.96
27.96
29.06
29.06
29.06
30.05
30.05
30.05
31.14
31.14
31.14
32.19
32.19
32.19
33.23
33.23
33.23
34.28
34.28
34.28
35.32
35.32
35.32
36.36
36.36
36.36
37.35
37.35
37.35
37.96
37.96
37.96
39.49
39.49
39.49
40.54
40.54
40.54
41.58
41.58
41.58
42.62
42.62
42.62
43.67
43.67
43.67
44.71
44.71
44.71
45.48
45.48
45.48
46.74
46.74
46.74
47.84
47.84
47.84
48.89
48.89
48.89
49.93
49.93
49.93
50.97
50.97
50.97
52.02
52.02
52.02
53.11
53.11
53.11
54.16
54.16
54.16
55.2
55.2
55.2
56.25
56.25
56.25
57.29
57.29
57.29
58.33
58.33
58.33
59.38
59.38
59.38
60.47
60.47
60.47
61.19
61.19
61.19
62.56
62.56
62.56
63.06
63.06
63.06
64.54
64.54
64.54
65.64
65.64
65.64
66.68
66.68
66.68
67.78
67.78
67.78
68.77
68.77
68.77
69.81
69.81
69.81
70.91
70.91
70.91
71.95
71.95
71.95
72.89
72.89
72.89
73.93
73.93
73.93
74.98
74.98
74.98
76.07
76.07
76.07
77.12
77.12
77.12
78.22
78.22
78.22
79.26
79.26
79.26
80.25
80.25
80.25
81.35
81.35
81.35
82.39
82.39
82.39
83.43
83.43
83.43
84.42
84.42
84.42
85.52
85.52
85.52
86.56
86.56
86.56
87.61
87.61
87.61
88.65
88.65
88.65
89.64
89.64
89.64
90.74
90.74
90.74
91.78
91.78
91.78
92.83
92.83
92.83
93.87
93.87
93.87
94.75
94.75
94.75
95.35
95.35
95.35
97
97
97
98.04
98.04
98.04
99.09
99.09
99.09
100.13
100.13
100.13
101.17
101.17
101.17
102.22
102.22
102.22
103.26
103.26
103.26
104.31
104.31
104.31
105.35
105.35
105.35
106.39
106.39
106.39
107.49
107.49
107.49
108.48
108.48
108.48
109.91
109.91
109.91
110.62
110.62
110.62
111.61
111.61
111.61
112.65
112.65
112.65
113.7
113.7
113.7
114.8
114.8
114.8
115.78
115.78
115.78
116.88
116.88
116.88
117.87
117.87
117.87
118.97
118.97
118.97
120.01
120.01
120.01
121.06
121.06
121.06
122.05
122.05
122.05
123.14
123.14
123.14
124.19
124.19
124.19
125.23
125.23
125.23
126.28
126.28
126.28
127.37
127.37
127.37
128.36
128.36
128.36
129.46
129.46
129.46
130.5
130.5
130.5
131.55
131.55
131.55
132.59
132.59
132.59
133.64
133.64
133.64
134.68
134.68
134.68
135.72
135.72
135.72
136.11
136.11
136.11
137.1
137.1
137.1
138.8
138.8
138.8
139.9
139.9
139.9
140.89
140.89
140.89
141.6
141.6
141.6
142.7
142.7
142.7
144.07
144.07
144.07
145.12
145.12
145.12
146.16
146.16
146.16
147.2
147.2
147.2
148.08
148.08
148.08
149.29
149.29
149.29
150.33
150.33
150.33
151.38
151.38
151.38
152.42
152.42
152.42
153.46
153.46
153.46
154.51
154.51
154.51
155.61
155.61
155.61
156.59
156.59
156.59
157.64
157.64
157.64
158.74
158.74
158.74
159.78
159.78
159.78
160.77
160.77
160.77
161.81
161.81
161.81
162.91
162.91
162.91
163.9
163.9
163.9
164.94
164.94
164.94
166.04
166.04
166.04
167.09
167.09
167.09
168.07
168.07
168.07
169.17
169.17
169.17
170.22
170.22
170.22
171.26
171.26
171.26
172.25
172.25
172.25
173.29
173.29
173.29
174.39
174.39
174.39
174.61
174.61
174.61
176.37
176.37
176.37
177.25
177.25
177.25
178.56
178.56
178.56
179.61
179.61
179.61
180.65
180.65
180.65
181.7
181.7
181.7
182.74
182.74
182.74
183.78
183.78
183.78
184.83
184.83
184.83
185.92
185.92
185.92
186.97
186.97
186.97
188.01
188.01
188.01
189.06
189.06
189.06
Loss
Jitter
Sampling Rate Adaptation
The rate used for the audio coding is reduced when loss rates are high.
The sampling rate directly follows loss rate trends resulting in better perception quality
Chart1
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.09
1.09
1.09
2.14
2.14
2.14
3.18
3.18
3.18
4.22
4.22
4.22
5.27
5.27
5.27
6.31
6.31
6.31
7.36
7.36
7.36
8.4
8.4
8.4
9.44
9.44
9.44
10.49
10.49
10.49
11.53
11.53
11.53
12.52
12.52
12.52
13.62
13.62
13.62
14.66
14.66
14.66
15.76
15.76
15.76
16.75
16.75
16.75
17.79
17.79
17.79
18.83
18.83
18.83
19.88
19.88
19.88
20.92
20.92
20.92
22.02
22.02
22.02
23.01
23.01
23.01
24.11
24.11
24.11
25.1
25.1
25.1
26.14
26.14
26.14
27.24
27.24
27.24
28.28
28.28
28.28
29.27
29.27
29.27
30.37
30.37
30.37
31.41
31.41
31.41
32.46
32.46
32.46
33.34
33.34
33.34
34.49
34.49
34.49
35.59
35.59
35.59
36.63
36.63
36.63
37.89
37.89
37.89
38.72
38.72
38.72
39.76
39.76
39.76
40.8
40.8
40.8
41.85
41.85
41.85
42.89
42.89
42.89
43.94
43.94
43.94
44.98
44.98
44.98
45.91
45.91
45.91
46.96
46.96
46.96
48.06
48.06
48.06
49.15
49.15
49.15
50.2
50.2
50.2
51.3
51.3
51.3
52.28
52.28
52.28
53.05
53.05
53.05
54.32
54.32
54.32
55.42
55.42
55.42
56.46
56.46
56.46
57.5
57.5
57.5
58.55
58.55
58.55
59.59
59.59
59.59
60.63
60.63
60.63
61.68
61.68
61.68
62.72
62.72
62.72
63.82
63.82
63.82
64.81
64.81
64.81
65.85
65.85
65.85
66.95
66.95
66.95
67.99
67.99
67.99
68.98
68.98
68.98
70.03
70.03
70.03
71.12
71.12
71.12
72.11
72.11
72.11
73.1
73.1
73.1
74.25
74.25
74.25
75.24
75.24
75.24
76.29
76.29
76.29
77.33
77.33
77.33
78.43
78.43
78.43
79.47
79.47
79.47
80.52
80.52
80.52
81.56
81.56
81.56
82.6
82.6
82.6
83.65
83.65
83.65
84.64
84.64
84.64
85.73
85.73
85.73
86.78
86.78
86.78
87.82
87.82
87.82
88.7
88.7
88.7
89.74
89.74
89.74
90.84
90.84
90.84
92
92
92
93.04
93.04
93.04
94.08
94.08
94.08
94.96
94.96
94.96
96.17
96.17
96.17
97.16
97.16
97.16
98.26
98.26
98.26
99.3
99.3
99.3
100.29
100.29
100.29
101.39
101.39
101.39
102.32
102.32
102.32
103.26
103.26
103.26
104.46
104.46
104.46
104.79
104.79
104.79
106.66
106.66
106.66
107.54
107.54
107.54
108.47
108.47
108.47
109.68
109.68
109.68
110.73
110.73
110.73
111.93
111.93
111.93
112.92
112.92
112.92
113.91
113.91
113.91
115.01
115.01
115.01
119.95
119.95
119.95
120.17
120.17
120.17
121.22
121.22
121.22
122.31
122.31
122.31
123.36
123.36
123.36
124.35
124.35
124.35
126.43
126.43
126.43
126.49
126.49
126.49
127.59
127.59
127.59
128.58
128.58
128.58
129.56
129.56
129.56
130.66
130.66
130.66
133.08
133.08
133.08
133.79
133.79
133.79
134.89
134.89
134.89
135.88
135.88
135.88
136.92
136.92
136.92
137.97
137.97
137.97
139.01
139.01
139.01
140
140
140
141.04
141.04
141.04
142.14
142.14
142.14
143.24
143.24
143.24
144.23
144.23
144.23
145.27
145.27
145.27
146.32
146.32
146.32
147.36
147.36
147.36
148.4
148.4
148.4
149.39
149.39
149.39
150.49
150.49
150.49
151.53
151.53
151.53
152.52
152.52
152.52
153.57
153.57
153.57
154.78
154.78
154.78
155.76
155.76
155.76
156.75
156.75
156.75
157.85
157.85
157.85
158.89
158.89
158.89
159.88
159.88
159.88
160.93
160.93
160.93
162.03
162.03
162.03
163.01
163.01
163.01
164.06
164.06
164.06
165.16
165.16
165.16
166.2
166.2
166.2
167.19
167.19
167.19
168.29
168.29
168.29
169.33
169.33
169.33
170.32
170.32
170.32
171.42
171.42
171.42
172.24
172.24
172.24
173.4
173.4
173.4
174.44
174.44
174.44
175.54
175.54
175.54
176.64
176.64
176.64
177.68
177.68
177.68
178.72
178.72
178.72
179.77
179.77
179.77
180.76
180.76
180.76
181.85
181.85
181.85
182.9
182.9
182.9
183.94
183.94
183.94
184.98
184.98
184.98
186.03
186.03
186.03
187.07
187.07
187.07
188.12
188.12
188.12
189.16
189.16
189.16
190.2
190.2
190.2
191.25
191.25
191.25
192.29
192.29
192.29
193.33
193.33
193.33
194.32
194.32
194.32
195.42
195.42
195.42
196.46
196.46
196.46
197.51
197.51
197.51
198.55
198.55
198.55
199.59
199.59
199.59
200.64
200.64
200.64
201.74
201.74
201.74
202.73
202.73
202.73
203.77
203.77
203.77
204.76
204.76
204.76
205.8
205.8
205.8
206.79
206.79
206.79
207.89
207.89
207.89
208.88
208.88
208.88
209.98
209.98
209.98
211.02
211.02
211.02
212.06
212.06
212.06
213.05
213.05
213.05
214.15
214.15
214.15
215.19
215.19
215.19
216.68
216.68
216.68
217.28
217.28
217.28
218.32
218.32
218.32
219.37
219.37
219.37
220.41
220.41
220.41
221.51
221.51
221.51
222.55
222.55
222.55
223.71
223.71
223.71
224.59
224.59
224.59
225.68
225.68
225.68
226.73
226.73
226.73
227.77
227.77
227.77
228.81
228.81
228.81
229.86
229.86
229.86
230.9
230.9
230.9
231.95
231.95
231.95
232.99
232.99
232.99
234.03
234.03
234.03
235.24
235.24
235.24
236.12
236.12
236.12
237.22
237.22
237.22
238.21
238.21
238.21
239.25
239.25
239.25
240.29
240.29
240.29
241.34
241.34
241.34
242.38
242.38
242.38
243.48
243.48
243.48
244.47
244.47
244.47
245.51
245.51
245.51
246.56
246.56
246.56
Loss
Jitter
Packet Size Adaptation
Packet Size adjustment is very effective in reducing loss rates
Packet Size adjustment does not have any audible side effects
Chart1
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.98
1.98
1.98
3.02
3.02
3.02
4.18
4.18
4.18
5.22
5.22
5.22
6.21
6.21
6.21
7.25
7.25
7.25
8.3
8.3
8.3
9.34
9.34
9.34
10.38
10.38
10.38
11.43
11.43
11.43
12.47
12.47
12.47
13.9
13.9
13.9
14.56
14.56
14.56
15.6
15.6
15.6
16.65
16.65
16.65
17.69
17.69
17.69
18.73
18.73
18.73
19.78
19.78
19.78
20.82
20.82
20.82
21.86
21.86
21.86
22.91
22.91
22.91
24.06
24.06
24.06
25.1
25.1
25.1
26.15
26.15
26.15
26.81
26.81
26.81
28.23
28.23
28.23
29.28
29.28
29.28
30.38
30.38
30.38
31.42
31.42
31.42
32.46
32.46
32.46
33.51
33.51
33.51
34.55
34.55
34.55
35.48
35.48
35.48
36.64
36.64
36.64
37.68
37.68
37.68
38.73
38.73
38.73
39.77
39.77
39.77
40.81
40.81
40.81
41.86
41.86
41.86
42.9
42.9
42.9
43.94
43.94
43.94
44.99
44.99
44.99
46.03
46.03
46.03
47.07
47.07
47.07
48.12
48.12
48.12
49.16
49.16
49.16
50.21
50.21
50.21
51.25
51.25
51.25
52.29
52.29
52.29
53.39
53.39
53.39
54.43
54.43
54.43
55.48
55.48
55.48
56.52
56.52
56.52
57.57
57.57
57.57
58.61
58.61
58.61
59.65
59.65
59.65
60.7
60.7
60.7
61.74
61.74
61.74
62.78
62.78
62.78
63.33
63.33
63.33
64.93
64.93
64.93
65.97
65.97
65.97
66.96
66.96
66.96
68
68
68
69.04
69.04
69.04
70.09
70.09
70.09
71.13
71.13
71.13
72.18
72.18
72.18
73.22
73.22
73.22
74.26
74.26
74.26
75.31
75.31
75.31
76.35
76.35
76.35
77.39
77.39
77.39
78.44
78.44
78.44
79.54
79.54
79.54
80.58
80.58
80.58
81.62
81.62
81.62
82.67
82.67
82.67
83.71
83.71
83.71
84.75
84.75
84.75
85.8
85.8
85.8
86.9
86.9
86.9
87.88
87.88
87.88
88.93
88.93
88.93
89.97
89.97
89.97
91.07
91.07
91.07
92.11
92.11
92.11
93.16
93.16
93.16
94.15
94.15
94.15
95.24
95.24
95.24
96.29
96.29
96.29
97.33
97.33
97.33
98.37
98.37
98.37
99.42
99.42
99.42
100.41
100.41
100.41
101.45
101.45
101.45
102.49
102.49
102.49
103.54
103.54
103.54
104.64
104.64
104.64
105.68
105.68
105.68
106.78
106.78
106.78
107.82
107.82
107.82
108.87
108.87
108.87
109.09
109.09
109.09
111.01
111.01
111.01
112
112
112
113.04
113.04
113.04
114.08
114.08
114.08
115.13
115.13
115.13
116.17
116.17
116.17
117.21
117.21
117.21
118.31
118.31
118.31
119.36
119.36
119.36
120.34
120.34
120.34
121.39
121.39
121.39
122.49
122.49
122.49
123.53
123.53
123.53
124.57
124.57
124.57
125.56
125.56
125.56
126.61
126.61
126.61
127.65
127.65
127.65
128.69
128.69
128.69
129.79
129.79
129.79
130.84
130.84
130.84
131.88
131.88
131.88
132.26
132.26
132.26
133.53
133.53
133.53
135.06
135.06
135.06
135.72
135.72
135.72
137.1
137.1
137.1
138.14
138.14
138.14
139.18
139.18
139.18
140.23
140.23
140.23
141.22
141.22
141.22
142.32
142.32
142.32
143.36
143.36
143.36
144.4
144.4
144.4
145.5
145.5
145.5
146.43
146.43
146.43
147.53
147.53
147.53
148.52
148.52
148.52
149.68
149.68
149.68
150.66
150.66
150.66
151.71
151.71
151.71
152.75
152.75
152.75
153.79
153.79
153.79
154.89
154.89
154.89
155.88
155.88
155.88
156.93
156.93
156.93
158.02
158.02
158.02
159.07
159.07
159.07
160.11
160.11
160.11
161.1
161.1
161.1
162.14
162.14
162.14
163.19
163.19
163.19
164.23
164.23
164.23
165.33
165.33
165.33
166.37
166.37
166.37
167.42
167.42
167.42
168.46
168.46
168.46
169.45
169.45
169.45
170.49
170.49
170.49
171.59
171.59
171.59
172.63
172.63
172.63
173.62
173.62
173.62
174.72
174.72
174.72
175.76
175.76
175.76
176.81
176.81
176.81
177.85
177.85
177.85
178.9
178.9
178.9
179.94
179.94
179.94
180.98
180.98
180.98
182.03
182.03
182.03
183.12
183.12
183.12
184.17
184.17
184.17
185.16
185.16
185.16
186.2
186.2
186.2
187.24
187.24
187.24
188.34
188.34
188.34
189.28
189.28
189.28
190.32
190.32
190.32
191.36
191.36
191.36
192.41
192.41
192.41
193.45
193.45
193.45
194.49
194.49
194.49
195.54
195.54
195.54
196.53
196.53
196.53
Loss
Payload
Jitter
Adaptation on Both Packet Size and Sampling Rate
Adaptation on both packet size and sampling rate results in the lowest loss rates (best perception quality)
Chart2
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.71
0.71
0.71
1.76
1.76
1.76
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.84
3.84
3.84
4.89
4.89
4.89
5.93
5.93
5.93
6.98
6.98
6.98
8.02
8.02
8.02
9.06
9.06
9.06
10.16
10.16
10.16
11.15
11.15
11.15
12.19
12.19
12.19
13.24
13.24
13.24
14.67
14.67
14.67
15.32
15.32
15.32
16.37
16.37
16.37
17.41
17.41
17.41
18.46
18.46
18.46
19.55
19.55
19.55
20.54
20.54
20.54
21.59
21.59
21.59
22.68
22.68
22.68
23.67
23.67
23.67
24.77
24.77
24.77
25.82
25.82
25.82
26.8
26.8
26.8
27.85
27.85
27.85
28.95
28.95
28.95
29.93
29.93
29.93
30.98
30.98
30.98
32.08
32.08
32.08
33.12
33.12
33.12
34.11
34.11
34.11
35.21
35.21
35.21
36.25
36.25
36.25
37.29
37.29
37.29
38.28
38.28
38.28
39.38
39.38
39.38
40.43
40.43
40.43
41.47
41.47
41.47
42.51
42.51
42.51
43.56
43.56
43.56
44.6
44.6
44.6
45.64
45.64
45.64
46.69
46.69
46.69
47.95
47.95
47.95
48.77
48.77
48.77
49.82
49.82
49.82
50.86
50.86
50.86
52.01
52.01
52.01
52.95
52.95
52.95
53.99
53.99
53.99
55.04
55.04
55.04
56.08
56.08
56.08
57.12
57.12
57.12
58.22
58.22
58.22
59.21
59.21
59.21
60.42
60.42
60.42
61.35
61.35
61.35
62.4
62.4
62.4
63.44
63.44
63.44
64.48
64.48
64.48
65.58
65.58
65.58
66.57
66.57
66.57
67.67
67.67
67.67
68.66
68.66
68.66
69.7
69.7
69.7
70.8
70.8
70.8
71.79
71.79
71.79
72.83
72.83
72.83
73.93
73.93
73.93
74.97
74.97
74.97
75.96
75.96
75.96
77.06
77.06
77.06
78.1
78.1
78.1
79.15
79.15
79.15
80.14
80.14
80.14
81.24
81.24
81.24
82.22
82.22
82.22
83.32
83.32
83.32
84.26
84.26
84.26
85.35
85.35
85.35
86.45
86.45
86.45
87.5
87.5
87.5
88.54
88.54
88.54
89.58
89.58
89.58
90.63
90.63
90.63
91.67
91.67
91.67
92.71
92.71
92.71
93.76
93.76
93.76
94.8
94.8
94.8
95.85
95.85
95.85
96.89
96.89
96.89
97.93
97.93
97.93
99.03
99.03
99.03
100.02
100.02
100.02
101.06
101.06
101.06
102.05
102.05
102.05
103.15
103.15
103.15
104.3
104.3
104.3
105.24
105.24
105.24
106.28
106.28
106.28
107.32
107.32
107.32
108.42
108.42
108.42
109.41
109.41
109.41
110.46
110.46
110.46
111.88
111.88
111.88
112.54
112.54
112.54
113.59
113.59
113.59
114.68
114.68
114.68
115.67
115.67
115.67
116.77
116.77
116.77
117.82
117.82
117.82
118.86
118.86
118.86
119.9
119.9
119.9
120.89
120.89
120.89
121.99
121.99
121.99
123.03
123.03
123.03
124.02
124.02
124.02
124.96
124.96
124.96
126.16
126.16
126.16
127.21
127.21
127.21
128.25
128.25
128.25
129.35
129.35
129.35
129.62
129.62
129.62
131.33
131.33
131.33
132.43
132.43
132.43
133.47
133.47
133.47
134.51
134.51
134.51
135.56
135.56
135.56
136.6
136.6
136.6
137.64
137.64
137.64
138.69
138.69
138.69
139.73
139.73
139.73
140.77
140.77
140.77
141.87
141.87
141.87
142.86
142.86
142.86
143.91
143.91
143.91
144.95
144.95
144.95
145.99
145.99
145.99
147.04
147.04
147.04
148.08
148.08
148.08
149.12
149.12
149.12
150.17
150.17
150.17
151.43
151.43
151.43
152.25
152.25
152.25
153.3
153.3
153.3
154.34
154.34
154.34
155.38
155.38
155.38
156.43
156.43
156.43
157.53
157.53
157.53
158.52
158.52
158.52
159.56
159.56
159.56
160.6
160.6
160.6
161.65
161.65
161.65
162.74
162.74
162.74
163.79
163.79
163.79
164.83
164.83
164.83
165.82
165.82
165.82
166.92
166.92
166.92
168.18
168.18
168.18
169.06
169.06
169.06
170.32
170.32
170.32
171.09
171.09
171.09
172.08
172.08
172.08
173.13
173.13
173.13
174.17
174.17
174.17
175.27
175.27
175.27
176.31
176.31
176.31
177.35
177.35
177.35
178.4
178.4
178.4
179.44
179.44
179.44
180.49
180.49
180.49
181.53
181.53
181.53
182.57
182.57
182.57
183.62
183.62
183.62
184.66
184.66
184.66
185.7
185.7
185.7
186.75
186.75
186.75
187.79
187.79
187.79
188.83
188.83
188.83
189.88
189.88
189.88
190.92
190.92
190.92
192.02
192.02
192.02
193.01
193.01
193.01
194.05
194.05
194.05
195.04
195.04
195.04
196.14
196.14
196.14
197.24
197.24
197.24
198.23
198.23
198.23
199.54
199.54
199.54
200.31
200.31
200.31
201.36
201.36
201.36
Loss
Jitter
0
1.27
88.2
0
5.93
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
2.87
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
1.96
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
2.61
88.2
0
3.98
88.2
0
0.19
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
5.88
2.26
88.2
0
1.56
88.2
0
2.05
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
0
0.74
88.2
0
3.98
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
0
1.68
88.2
0
3.98
88.2
0
1.66
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
0
4.95
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
0
2.71
88.2
0
5.04
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
0
1.66
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
0
2.71
88.2
8.33
0.78
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
0
1.76
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
2.99
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
12
2.89
88.2
22.73
1.74
44.1
0
0.87
32
11.76
2.24
88.2
4.35
0.1
44.1
0
2.99
44.1
0
0.79
88.2
0
1.26
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
2.05
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
12
1.76
88.2
0
3.13
44.1
0
6.05
88.2
0
5.3
88.2
0
2.87
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
12
2.61
88.2
20.83
3.98
88.2
0
0.18
32
0
0.1
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
2.71
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
4
2.61
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
4.99
88.2
8
2.71
88.2
4.17
0.78
88.2
8.33
1.84
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
0
2.71
88.2
0
5.04
88.2
0
1.76
88.2
4.55
0.21
88.2
7.69
2.77
88.2
0
2.61
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
3.79
88.2
8.33
1.74
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
2.99
88.2
8.33
1.84
88.2
8.33
0.78
88.2
4.17
1.84
88.2
8
3.88
88.2
16.67
0.87
88.2
0
1.66
44.1
0
1.1
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
3.98
88.2
40
2.61
88.2
0
1.68
44.1
0
3.29
88.2
4.17
0.87
88.2
4.17
0.78
88.2
4
1.76
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
15.15
0.14
88.2
0
1.64
44.1
4.35
0.19
88.2
0
0.83
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
0
2.71
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
20.83
0.87
88.2
0
3.88
44.1
0
0.1
88.2
0
1.66
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
4.76
4.33
88.2
46.43
0.17
88.2
0
1.96
44.1
17.39
0.19
88.2
4.35
3.58
44.1
85.71
10
44.1
92.5
0.7
44.1
12
2.61
44.1
0
1.98
32
4.55
1.76
88.2
12
2.05
88.2
9.09
1.86
44.1
4
2.99
44.1
8.33
1.84
44.1
4.17
0.1
44.1
0
0.78
44.1
0
2.83
88.2
0
0.1
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
0
2.89
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
0
0.19
88.2
12
2.89
88.2
18.18
2.74
44.1
5.13
0.72
32
0
4.87
32
0
3.86
88.2
0
3.88
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
8
2.71
88.2
12.5
4.07
88.2
0
0.87
44.1
4.35
2.07
88.2
4.17
1.84
88.2
8
1.68
88.2
12.5
1.84
88.2
4.35
0.19
44.1
8.33
3.98
44.1
0
2.61
44.1
17.86
0.87
88.2
22.22
4.51
44.1
2.44
4.69
32
0
2.53
32
22.73
2.08
88.2
8.33
1.13
44.1
16.67
0.87
44.1
14.29
0.73
32
8.57
1.05
32
2.94
1.76
32
2.86
0.1
32
25.71
1.14
32
14.29
0.1
32
14.29
0.19
32
11.43
1.05
32
5.88
2.74
32
8.57
1.05
32
5.71
1.14
32
5.71
0.1
32
5.71
1.14
32
5.71
0.1
32
2.86
0.19
32
0
1.05
32
4.17
4.56
88.2
0
0.1
88.2
4
3.88
88.2
17.39
0.92
88.2
8
0.73
44.1
4
2.71
44.1
0
4.07
44.1
6.9
2.18
88.2
0
0.13
88.2
0
1.96
88.2
Data
Time
S.R.
Payload
Loss
Jitter
Av_B/W
Queue
Adapting To Very High Loss using SR/TTS
At very high loss rates, beyond a threshold, Speech Recognition is applied at the server and Text-To-Speech synthesis at the client side.
The speech is recognized at packet loss rates up to 99%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
91
101
111
121
131
141
151
161
171
181
191
201
Time
_989928406.doc
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
91
101
111
121
131
141
151
161
171
181
191
201
Time
_989928514.doc
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_989928238.doc
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Time
Conclusions
Perceived speech quality is substantially enhanced by payload size and rate adaptation
Recognizable speech is delivered in extreme conditions by Text-To-Speech translation
Work in progress
Real/Synthetic Speech synchronization
CELP, SBC, A/u-Law, DSP TSpeech, GSM 6.10, G723, MP3 etc.
Large scale network emulation experiments
using GlomoSim platform
Cellular vs Multihop
UCLA CS Wireless Adaptive Mobility Lab
Ad-Hoc Network Characteristics
Ad-Hoc Network Applications
Search and rescue in remote areas
Sport events, festivals
Indoor network appliances
Experiments on QoS Adaptation for Improving End User Speech Perception Over Multi-Hop Wireless Networks
Tsuwei Chen, Mario Gerla,
UCLA CS Wireless Adaptive Mobility Lab
Motivation
constantly changing QoS
Sensitive to delay jitter
e.g. VIC, VAT
Not suitable for wireless environment
UCLA CS Wireless Adaptive Mobility Lab
Adaptation for Audio Sources
reduce call setup overhead
Improve sound quality only when information quality is met
Caption only
lr: Packet loss rate, TUpper, TLower: Upper and lower packet loss thresholds
lr > TUpper
lr TLower
lr > TUpper
lr > TUpper
lr > TUpper
lr TLower
lr TLower
lr TLower
Adaptive Speech Strategies
Server Adjustable Parameters:
Wireless Network
- jitter
Audio(UDP)
Control(TCP)
A d a p t a t I o n S t r a t e g y :
Audio source adapts to QoS feedback
Piggybacked Text Stream(UDP)
data
Server Player
Caption Embedding Scheme
Question: When you are driving @ at fifty-five miles per hour …
0 sec
2 sec
Caption file (.cpt)
For reliable caption delivery, each 2-second segment of text is replicated in several packets.
#0
#1
#2
#3
#4
UCLA CS Wireless Adaptive Mobility Lab
Packets are forwarded using routing tables
In order to force multihop in confined environment, nodes are partitioned into subnets
WaveLan I, CSMA/CA, 915Mhz, 2Mbps, 700ft (200m) open, 100ft (30m) closed
Multihop Routing
Virtual Interfaces
Experiment Parameters
Speech Encoding
server on-demand extracts lower bit/sampling rates of 11Khz, 8Khz.
RTP-type packets
Jitter measurement
IF jitter > MAX_JITTER_THRESHOLD DOWNGRADE rate
IF loss < MIN_LOSS_THRESHOLD UPGRADE rate, payload
Speech Recognition
On time-window (2-sec) granularity
UCLA CS Wireless Adaptive Mobility Lab
Emulation Experiment
Sampling Rate of Audio Transmission follows Available Bandwidth.
Chart1
0.88
1.93
2.97
4.01
5.06
6.1
7.14
8.19
9.23
10.16
11.32
12.36
13.35
14.39
15.49
16.59
17.52
18.62
19.72
20.66
21.75
22.8
23.9
24.94
25.98
27.03
28.02
29.06
30.1
31.15
32.3
33.29
34.33
35.38
36.42
37.46
38.51
39.55
40.59
41.64
42.68
43.72
44.77
45.81
46.91
47.9
48.94
49.99
51.08
52.07
53.17
54.21
55.26
56.3
57.35
58.28
59.43
60.37
61.47
62.51
63.55
64.6
65.69
66.68
67.78
68.77
69.81
70.91
71.96
73
74.04
75.09
76.13
77.17
78.22
79.26
80.3
81.35
82.39
83.44
84.48
85.52
86.57
87.55
88.6
89.48
90.74
91.73
92.77
93.87
94.86
95.9
97
98.1
99.03
100.13
101.18
102.16
103.26
104.31
105.41
106.34
107.44
108.54
109.58
110.57
111.61
112.71
113.81
114.74
115.84
116.88
117.98
118.81
120.02
121.11
122.05
123.15
124.24
125.29
126.33
127.38
128.42
129.46
130.51
131.55
132.59
133.64
134.68
135.72
136.77
137.81
138.86
139.9
140.94
141.99
143.03
144.07
145.12
146.16
147.09
148.25
149.35
150.28
151.87
152.48
153.41
154.51
155.55
156.65
157.58
158.68
159.78
160.72
161.81
No Adaptation
The audio stream is not responsive to the loss rates observed.
Significant quality degradation perceived with increased loss rate
Chart2
0.83
0.83
0.83
1.87
1.87
1.87
3.35
3.35
3.35
3.96
3.96
3.96
5
5
5
6.04
6.04
6.04
7.09
7.09
7.09
8.13
8.13
8.13
9.17
9.17
9.17
10.22
10.22
10.22
11.26
11.26
11.26
12.31
12.31
12.31
13.4
13.4
13.4
14.39
14.39
14.39
15.44
15.44
15.44
16.48
16.48
16.48
17.58
17.58
17.58
18.57
18.57
18.57
19.67
19.67
19.67
20.71
20.71
20.71
21.7
21.7
21.7
22.74
22.74
22.74
23.84
23.84
23.84
24.88
24.88
24.88
25.93
25.93
25.93
26.97
26.97
26.97
27.96
27.96
27.96
29.06
29.06
29.06
30.05
30.05
30.05
31.14
31.14
31.14
32.19
32.19
32.19
33.23
33.23
33.23
34.28
34.28
34.28
35.32
35.32
35.32
36.36
36.36
36.36
37.35
37.35
37.35
37.96
37.96
37.96
39.49
39.49
39.49
40.54
40.54
40.54
41.58
41.58
41.58
42.62
42.62
42.62
43.67
43.67
43.67
44.71
44.71
44.71
45.48
45.48
45.48
46.74
46.74
46.74
47.84
47.84
47.84
48.89
48.89
48.89
49.93
49.93
49.93
50.97
50.97
50.97
52.02
52.02
52.02
53.11
53.11
53.11
54.16
54.16
54.16
55.2
55.2
55.2
56.25
56.25
56.25
57.29
57.29
57.29
58.33
58.33
58.33
59.38
59.38
59.38
60.47
60.47
60.47
61.19
61.19
61.19
62.56
62.56
62.56
63.06
63.06
63.06
64.54
64.54
64.54
65.64
65.64
65.64
66.68
66.68
66.68
67.78
67.78
67.78
68.77
68.77
68.77
69.81
69.81
69.81
70.91
70.91
70.91
71.95
71.95
71.95
72.89
72.89
72.89
73.93
73.93
73.93
74.98
74.98
74.98
76.07
76.07
76.07
77.12
77.12
77.12
78.22
78.22
78.22
79.26
79.26
79.26
80.25
80.25
80.25
81.35
81.35
81.35
82.39
82.39
82.39
83.43
83.43
83.43
84.42
84.42
84.42
85.52
85.52
85.52
86.56
86.56
86.56
87.61
87.61
87.61
88.65
88.65
88.65
89.64
89.64
89.64
90.74
90.74
90.74
91.78
91.78
91.78
92.83
92.83
92.83
93.87
93.87
93.87
94.75
94.75
94.75
95.35
95.35
95.35
97
97
97
98.04
98.04
98.04
99.09
99.09
99.09
100.13
100.13
100.13
101.17
101.17
101.17
102.22
102.22
102.22
103.26
103.26
103.26
104.31
104.31
104.31
105.35
105.35
105.35
106.39
106.39
106.39
107.49
107.49
107.49
108.48
108.48
108.48
109.91
109.91
109.91
110.62
110.62
110.62
111.61
111.61
111.61
112.65
112.65
112.65
113.7
113.7
113.7
114.8
114.8
114.8
115.78
115.78
115.78
116.88
116.88
116.88
117.87
117.87
117.87
118.97
118.97
118.97
120.01
120.01
120.01
121.06
121.06
121.06
122.05
122.05
122.05
123.14
123.14
123.14
124.19
124.19
124.19
125.23
125.23
125.23
126.28
126.28
126.28
127.37
127.37
127.37
128.36
128.36
128.36
129.46
129.46
129.46
130.5
130.5
130.5
131.55
131.55
131.55
132.59
132.59
132.59
133.64
133.64
133.64
134.68
134.68
134.68
135.72
135.72
135.72
136.11
136.11
136.11
137.1
137.1
137.1
138.8
138.8
138.8
139.9
139.9
139.9
140.89
140.89
140.89
141.6
141.6
141.6
142.7
142.7
142.7
144.07
144.07
144.07
145.12
145.12
145.12
146.16
146.16
146.16
147.2
147.2
147.2
148.08
148.08
148.08
149.29
149.29
149.29
150.33
150.33
150.33
151.38
151.38
151.38
152.42
152.42
152.42
153.46
153.46
153.46
154.51
154.51
154.51
155.61
155.61
155.61
156.59
156.59
156.59
157.64
157.64
157.64
158.74
158.74
158.74
159.78
159.78
159.78
160.77
160.77
160.77
161.81
161.81
161.81
162.91
162.91
162.91
163.9
163.9
163.9
164.94
164.94
164.94
166.04
166.04
166.04
167.09
167.09
167.09
168.07
168.07
168.07
169.17
169.17
169.17
170.22
170.22
170.22
171.26
171.26
171.26
172.25
172.25
172.25
173.29
173.29
173.29
174.39
174.39
174.39
174.61
174.61
174.61
176.37
176.37
176.37
177.25
177.25
177.25
178.56
178.56
178.56
179.61
179.61
179.61
180.65
180.65
180.65
181.7
181.7
181.7
182.74
182.74
182.74
183.78
183.78
183.78
184.83
184.83
184.83
185.92
185.92
185.92
186.97
186.97
186.97
188.01
188.01
188.01
189.06
189.06
189.06
Loss
Jitter
Sampling Rate Adaptation
The rate used for the audio coding is reduced when loss rates are high.
The sampling rate directly follows loss rate trends resulting in better perception quality
Chart1
0.5
0.5
0.5
1.09
1.09
1.09
2.14
2.14
2.14
3.18
3.18
3.18
4.22
4.22
4.22
5.27
5.27
5.27
6.31
6.31
6.31
7.36
7.36
7.36
8.4
8.4
8.4
9.44
9.44
9.44
10.49
10.49
10.49
11.53
11.53
11.53
12.52
12.52
12.52
13.62
13.62
13.62
14.66
14.66
14.66
15.76
15.76
15.76
16.75
16.75
16.75
17.79
17.79
17.79
18.83
18.83
18.83
19.88
19.88
19.88
20.92
20.92
20.92
22.02
22.02
22.02
23.01
23.01
23.01
24.11
24.11
24.11
25.1
25.1
25.1
26.14
26.14
26.14
27.24
27.24
27.24
28.28
28.28
28.28
29.27
29.27
29.27
30.37
30.37
30.37
31.41
31.41
31.41
32.46
32.46
32.46
33.34
33.34
33.34
34.49
34.49
34.49
35.59
35.59
35.59
36.63
36.63
36.63
37.89
37.89
37.89
38.72
38.72
38.72
39.76
39.76
39.76
40.8
40.8
40.8
41.85
41.85
41.85
42.89
42.89
42.89
43.94
43.94
43.94
44.98
44.98
44.98
45.91
45.91
45.91
46.96
46.96
46.96
48.06
48.06
48.06
49.15
49.15
49.15
50.2
50.2
50.2
51.3
51.3
51.3
52.28
52.28
52.28
53.05
53.05
53.05
54.32
54.32
54.32
55.42
55.42
55.42
56.46
56.46
56.46
57.5
57.5
57.5
58.55
58.55
58.55
59.59
59.59
59.59
60.63
60.63
60.63
61.68
61.68
61.68
62.72
62.72
62.72
63.82
63.82
63.82
64.81
64.81
64.81
65.85
65.85
65.85
66.95
66.95
66.95
67.99
67.99
67.99
68.98
68.98
68.98
70.03
70.03
70.03
71.12
71.12
71.12
72.11
72.11
72.11
73.1
73.1
73.1
74.25
74.25
74.25
75.24
75.24
75.24
76.29
76.29
76.29
77.33
77.33
77.33
78.43
78.43
78.43
79.47
79.47
79.47
80.52
80.52
80.52
81.56
81.56
81.56
82.6
82.6
82.6
83.65
83.65
83.65
84.64
84.64
84.64
85.73
85.73
85.73
86.78
86.78
86.78
87.82
87.82
87.82
88.7
88.7
88.7
89.74
89.74
89.74
90.84
90.84
90.84
92
92
92
93.04
93.04
93.04
94.08
94.08
94.08
94.96
94.96
94.96
96.17
96.17
96.17
97.16
97.16
97.16
98.26
98.26
98.26
99.3
99.3
99.3
100.29
100.29
100.29
101.39
101.39
101.39
102.32
102.32
102.32
103.26
103.26
103.26
104.46
104.46
104.46
104.79
104.79
104.79
106.66
106.66
106.66
107.54
107.54
107.54
108.47
108.47
108.47
109.68
109.68
109.68
110.73
110.73
110.73
111.93
111.93
111.93
112.92
112.92
112.92
113.91
113.91
113.91
115.01
115.01
115.01
119.95
119.95
119.95
120.17
120.17
120.17
121.22
121.22
121.22
122.31
122.31
122.31
123.36
123.36
123.36
124.35
124.35
124.35
126.43
126.43
126.43
126.49
126.49
126.49
127.59
127.59
127.59
128.58
128.58
128.58
129.56
129.56
129.56
130.66
130.66
130.66
133.08
133.08
133.08
133.79
133.79
133.79
134.89
134.89
134.89
135.88
135.88
135.88
136.92
136.92
136.92
137.97
137.97
137.97
139.01
139.01
139.01
140
140
140
141.04
141.04
141.04
142.14
142.14
142.14
143.24
143.24
143.24
144.23
144.23
144.23
145.27
145.27
145.27
146.32
146.32
146.32
147.36
147.36
147.36
148.4
148.4
148.4
149.39
149.39
149.39
150.49
150.49
150.49
151.53
151.53
151.53
152.52
152.52
152.52
153.57
153.57
153.57
154.78
154.78
154.78
155.76
155.76
155.76
156.75
156.75
156.75
157.85
157.85
157.85
158.89
158.89
158.89
159.88
159.88
159.88
160.93
160.93
160.93
162.03
162.03
162.03
163.01
163.01
163.01
164.06
164.06
164.06
165.16
165.16
165.16
166.2
166.2
166.2
167.19
167.19
167.19
168.29
168.29
168.29
169.33
169.33
169.33
170.32
170.32
170.32
171.42
171.42
171.42
172.24
172.24
172.24
173.4
173.4
173.4
174.44
174.44
174.44
175.54
175.54
175.54
176.64
176.64
176.64
177.68
177.68
177.68
178.72
178.72
178.72
179.77
179.77
179.77
180.76
180.76
180.76
181.85
181.85
181.85
182.9
182.9
182.9
183.94
183.94
183.94
184.98
184.98
184.98
186.03
186.03
186.03
187.07
187.07
187.07
188.12
188.12
188.12
189.16
189.16
189.16
190.2
190.2
190.2
191.25
191.25
191.25
192.29
192.29
192.29
193.33
193.33
193.33
194.32
194.32
194.32
195.42
195.42
195.42
196.46
196.46
196.46
197.51
197.51
197.51
198.55
198.55
198.55
199.59
199.59
199.59
200.64
200.64
200.64
201.74
201.74
201.74
202.73
202.73
202.73
203.77
203.77
203.77
204.76
204.76
204.76
205.8
205.8
205.8
206.79
206.79
206.79
207.89
207.89
207.89
208.88
208.88
208.88
209.98
209.98
209.98
211.02
211.02
211.02
212.06
212.06
212.06
213.05
213.05
213.05
214.15
214.15
214.15
215.19
215.19
215.19
216.68
216.68
216.68
217.28
217.28
217.28
218.32
218.32
218.32
219.37
219.37
219.37
220.41
220.41
220.41
221.51
221.51
221.51
222.55
222.55
222.55
223.71
223.71
223.71
224.59
224.59
224.59
225.68
225.68
225.68
226.73
226.73
226.73
227.77
227.77
227.77
228.81
228.81
228.81
229.86
229.86
229.86
230.9
230.9
230.9
231.95
231.95
231.95
232.99
232.99
232.99
234.03
234.03
234.03
235.24
235.24
235.24
236.12
236.12
236.12
237.22
237.22
237.22
238.21
238.21
238.21
239.25
239.25
239.25
240.29
240.29
240.29
241.34
241.34
241.34
242.38
242.38
242.38
243.48
243.48
243.48
244.47
244.47
244.47
245.51
245.51
245.51
246.56
246.56
246.56
Loss
Jitter
Packet Size Adaptation
Packet Size adjustment is very effective in reducing loss rates
Packet Size adjustment does not have any audible side effects
Chart1
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.98
1.98
1.98
3.02
3.02
3.02
4.18
4.18
4.18
5.22
5.22
5.22
6.21
6.21
6.21
7.25
7.25
7.25
8.3
8.3
8.3
9.34
9.34
9.34
10.38
10.38
10.38
11.43
11.43
11.43
12.47
12.47
12.47
13.9
13.9
13.9
14.56
14.56
14.56
15.6
15.6
15.6
16.65
16.65
16.65
17.69
17.69
17.69
18.73
18.73
18.73
19.78
19.78
19.78
20.82
20.82
20.82
21.86
21.86
21.86
22.91
22.91
22.91
24.06
24.06
24.06
25.1
25.1
25.1
26.15
26.15
26.15
26.81
26.81
26.81
28.23
28.23
28.23
29.28
29.28
29.28
30.38
30.38
30.38
31.42
31.42
31.42
32.46
32.46
32.46
33.51
33.51
33.51
34.55
34.55
34.55
35.48
35.48
35.48
36.64
36.64
36.64
37.68
37.68
37.68
38.73
38.73
38.73
39.77
39.77
39.77
40.81
40.81
40.81
41.86
41.86
41.86
42.9
42.9
42.9
43.94
43.94
43.94
44.99
44.99
44.99
46.03
46.03
46.03
47.07
47.07
47.07
48.12
48.12
48.12
49.16
49.16
49.16
50.21
50.21
50.21
51.25
51.25
51.25
52.29
52.29
52.29
53.39
53.39
53.39
54.43
54.43
54.43
55.48
55.48
55.48
56.52
56.52
56.52
57.57
57.57
57.57
58.61
58.61
58.61
59.65
59.65
59.65
60.7
60.7
60.7
61.74
61.74
61.74
62.78
62.78
62.78
63.33
63.33
63.33
64.93
64.93
64.93
65.97
65.97
65.97
66.96
66.96
66.96
68
68
68
69.04
69.04
69.04
70.09
70.09
70.09
71.13
71.13
71.13
72.18
72.18
72.18
73.22
73.22
73.22
74.26
74.26
74.26
75.31
75.31
75.31
76.35
76.35
76.35
77.39
77.39
77.39
78.44
78.44
78.44
79.54
79.54
79.54
80.58
80.58
80.58
81.62
81.62
81.62
82.67
82.67
82.67
83.71
83.71
83.71
84.75
84.75
84.75
85.8
85.8
85.8
86.9
86.9
86.9
87.88
87.88
87.88
88.93
88.93
88.93
89.97
89.97
89.97
91.07
91.07
91.07
92.11
92.11
92.11
93.16
93.16
93.16
94.15
94.15
94.15
95.24
95.24
95.24
96.29
96.29
96.29
97.33
97.33
97.33
98.37
98.37
98.37
99.42
99.42
99.42
100.41
100.41
100.41
101.45
101.45
101.45
102.49
102.49
102.49
103.54
103.54
103.54
104.64
104.64
104.64
105.68
105.68
105.68
106.78
106.78
106.78
107.82
107.82
107.82
108.87
108.87
108.87
109.09
109.09
109.09
111.01
111.01
111.01
112
112
112
113.04
113.04
113.04
114.08
114.08
114.08
115.13
115.13
115.13
116.17
116.17
116.17
117.21
117.21
117.21
118.31
118.31
118.31
119.36
119.36
119.36
120.34
120.34
120.34
121.39
121.39
121.39
122.49
122.49
122.49
123.53
123.53
123.53
124.57
124.57
124.57
125.56
125.56
125.56
126.61
126.61
126.61
127.65
127.65
127.65
128.69
128.69
128.69
129.79
129.79
129.79
130.84
130.84
130.84
131.88
131.88
131.88
132.26
132.26
132.26
133.53
133.53
133.53
135.06
135.06
135.06
135.72
135.72
135.72
137.1
137.1
137.1
138.14
138.14
138.14
139.18
139.18
139.18
140.23
140.23
140.23
141.22
141.22
141.22
142.32
142.32
142.32
143.36
143.36
143.36
144.4
144.4
144.4
145.5
145.5
145.5
146.43
146.43
146.43
147.53
147.53
147.53
148.52
148.52
148.52
149.68
149.68
149.68
150.66
150.66
150.66
151.71
151.71
151.71
152.75
152.75
152.75
153.79
153.79
153.79
154.89
154.89
154.89
155.88
155.88
155.88
156.93
156.93
156.93
158.02
158.02
158.02
159.07
159.07
159.07
160.11
160.11
160.11
161.1
161.1
161.1
162.14
162.14
162.14
163.19
163.19
163.19
164.23
164.23
164.23
165.33
165.33
165.33
166.37
166.37
166.37
167.42
167.42
167.42
168.46
168.46
168.46
169.45
169.45
169.45
170.49
170.49
170.49
171.59
171.59
171.59
172.63
172.63
172.63
173.62
173.62
173.62
174.72
174.72
174.72
175.76
175.76
175.76
176.81
176.81
176.81
177.85
177.85
177.85
178.9
178.9
178.9
179.94
179.94
179.94
180.98
180.98
180.98
182.03
182.03
182.03
183.12
183.12
183.12
184.17
184.17
184.17
185.16
185.16
185.16
186.2
186.2
186.2
187.24
187.24
187.24
188.34
188.34
188.34
189.28
189.28
189.28
190.32
190.32
190.32
191.36
191.36
191.36
192.41
192.41
192.41
193.45
193.45
193.45
194.49
194.49
194.49
195.54
195.54
195.54
196.53
196.53
196.53
Loss
Payload
Jitter
Adaptation on Both Packet Size and Sampling Rate
Adaptation on both packet size and sampling rate results in the lowest loss rates (best perception quality)
Chart2
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.71
0.71
0.71
1.76
1.76
1.76
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.84
3.84
3.84
4.89
4.89
4.89
5.93
5.93
5.93
6.98
6.98
6.98
8.02
8.02
8.02
9.06
9.06
9.06
10.16
10.16
10.16
11.15
11.15
11.15
12.19
12.19
12.19
13.24
13.24
13.24
14.67
14.67
14.67
15.32
15.32
15.32
16.37
16.37
16.37
17.41
17.41
17.41
18.46
18.46
18.46
19.55
19.55
19.55
20.54
20.54
20.54
21.59
21.59
21.59
22.68
22.68
22.68
23.67
23.67
23.67
24.77
24.77
24.77
25.82
25.82
25.82
26.8
26.8
26.8
27.85
27.85
27.85
28.95
28.95
28.95
29.93
29.93
29.93
30.98
30.98
30.98
32.08
32.08
32.08
33.12
33.12
33.12
34.11
34.11
34.11
35.21
35.21
35.21
36.25
36.25
36.25
37.29
37.29
37.29
38.28
38.28
38.28
39.38
39.38
39.38
40.43
40.43
40.43
41.47
41.47
41.47
42.51
42.51
42.51
43.56
43.56
43.56
44.6
44.6
44.6
45.64
45.64
45.64
46.69
46.69
46.69
47.95
47.95
47.95
48.77
48.77
48.77
49.82
49.82
49.82
50.86
50.86
50.86
52.01
52.01
52.01
52.95
52.95
52.95
53.99
53.99
53.99
55.04
55.04
55.04
56.08
56.08
56.08
57.12
57.12
57.12
58.22
58.22
58.22
59.21
59.21
59.21
60.42
60.42
60.42
61.35
61.35
61.35
62.4
62.4
62.4
63.44
63.44
63.44
64.48
64.48
64.48
65.58
65.58
65.58
66.57
66.57
66.57
67.67
67.67
67.67
68.66
68.66
68.66
69.7
69.7
69.7
70.8
70.8
70.8
71.79
71.79
71.79
72.83
72.83
72.83
73.93
73.93
73.93
74.97
74.97
74.97
75.96
75.96
75.96
77.06
77.06
77.06
78.1
78.1
78.1
79.15
79.15
79.15
80.14
80.14
80.14
81.24
81.24
81.24
82.22
82.22
82.22
83.32
83.32
83.32
84.26
84.26
84.26
85.35
85.35
85.35
86.45
86.45
86.45
87.5
87.5
87.5
88.54
88.54
88.54
89.58
89.58
89.58
90.63
90.63
90.63
91.67
91.67
91.67
92.71
92.71
92.71
93.76
93.76
93.76
94.8
94.8
94.8
95.85
95.85
95.85
96.89
96.89
96.89
97.93
97.93
97.93
99.03
99.03
99.03
100.02
100.02
100.02
101.06
101.06
101.06
102.05
102.05
102.05
103.15
103.15
103.15
104.3
104.3
104.3
105.24
105.24
105.24
106.28
106.28
106.28
107.32
107.32
107.32
108.42
108.42
108.42
109.41
109.41
109.41
110.46
110.46
110.46
111.88
111.88
111.88
112.54
112.54
112.54
113.59
113.59
113.59
114.68
114.68
114.68
115.67
115.67
115.67
116.77
116.77
116.77
117.82
117.82
117.82
118.86
118.86
118.86
119.9
119.9
119.9
120.89
120.89
120.89
121.99
121.99
121.99
123.03
123.03
123.03
124.02
124.02
124.02
124.96
124.96
124.96
126.16
126.16
126.16
127.21
127.21
127.21
128.25
128.25
128.25
129.35
129.35
129.35
129.62
129.62
129.62
131.33
131.33
131.33
132.43
132.43
132.43
133.47
133.47
133.47
134.51
134.51
134.51
135.56
135.56
135.56
136.6
136.6
136.6
137.64
137.64
137.64
138.69
138.69
138.69
139.73
139.73
139.73
140.77
140.77
140.77
141.87
141.87
141.87
142.86
142.86
142.86
143.91
143.91
143.91
144.95
144.95
144.95
145.99
145.99
145.99
147.04
147.04
147.04
148.08
148.08
148.08
149.12
149.12
149.12
150.17
150.17
150.17
151.43
151.43
151.43
152.25
152.25
152.25
153.3
153.3
153.3
154.34
154.34
154.34
155.38
155.38
155.38
156.43
156.43
156.43
157.53
157.53
157.53
158.52
158.52
158.52
159.56
159.56
159.56
160.6
160.6
160.6
161.65
161.65
161.65
162.74
162.74
162.74
163.79
163.79
163.79
164.83
164.83
164.83
165.82
165.82
165.82
166.92
166.92
166.92
168.18
168.18
168.18
169.06
169.06
169.06
170.32
170.32
170.32
171.09
171.09
171.09
172.08
172.08
172.08
173.13
173.13
173.13
174.17
174.17
174.17
175.27
175.27
175.27
176.31
176.31
176.31
177.35
177.35
177.35
178.4
178.4
178.4
179.44
179.44
179.44
180.49
180.49
180.49
181.53
181.53
181.53
182.57
182.57
182.57
183.62
183.62
183.62
184.66
184.66
184.66
185.7
185.7
185.7
186.75
186.75
186.75
187.79
187.79
187.79
188.83
188.83
188.83
189.88
189.88
189.88
190.92
190.92
190.92
192.02
192.02
192.02
193.01
193.01
193.01
194.05
194.05
194.05
195.04
195.04
195.04
196.14
196.14
196.14
197.24
197.24
197.24
198.23
198.23
198.23
199.54
199.54
199.54
200.31
200.31
200.31
201.36
201.36
201.36
Loss
Jitter
0
1.27
88.2
0
5.93
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
2.87
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
1.96
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
2.61
88.2
0
3.98
88.2
0
0.19
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
5.88
2.26
88.2
0
1.56
88.2
0
2.05
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
0
0.74
88.2
0
3.98
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
0
1.68
88.2
0
3.98
88.2
0
1.66
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
0
4.95
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
0
2.71
88.2
0
5.04
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
0
1.66
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
0
2.71
88.2
8.33
0.78
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
0
1.76
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
2.99
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
12
2.89
88.2
22.73
1.74
44.1
0
0.87
32
11.76
2.24
88.2
4.35
0.1
44.1
0
2.99
44.1
0
0.79
88.2
0
1.26
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
2.05
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
12
1.76
88.2
0
3.13
44.1
0
6.05
88.2
0
5.3
88.2
0
2.87
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
12
2.61
88.2
20.83
3.98
88.2
0
0.18
32
0
0.1
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
2.71
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
4
2.61
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
4.99
88.2
8
2.71
88.2
4.17
0.78
88.2
8.33
1.84
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
0
2.71
88.2
0
5.04
88.2
0
1.76
88.2
4.55
0.21
88.2
7.69
2.77
88.2
0
2.61
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
3.79
88.2
8.33
1.74
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
2.99
88.2
8.33
1.84
88.2
8.33
0.78
88.2
4.17
1.84
88.2
8
3.88
88.2
16.67
0.87
88.2
0
1.66
44.1
0
1.1
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
3.98
88.2
40
2.61
88.2
0
1.68
44.1
0
3.29
88.2
4.17
0.87
88.2
4.17
0.78
88.2
4
1.76
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
15.15
0.14
88.2
0
1.64
44.1
4.35
0.19
88.2
0
0.83
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
0
2.71
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
20.83
0.87
88.2
0
3.88
44.1
0
0.1
88.2
0
1.66
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
4.07
88.2
4.76
4.33
88.2
46.43
0.17
88.2
0
1.96
44.1
17.39
0.19
88.2
4.35
3.58
44.1
85.71
10
44.1
92.5
0.7
44.1
12
2.61
44.1
0
1.98
32
4.55
1.76
88.2
12
2.05
88.2
9.09
1.86
44.1
4
2.99
44.1
8.33
1.84
44.1
4.17
0.1
44.1
0
0.78
44.1
0
2.83
88.2
0
0.1
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
0
2.89
88.2
0
0.78
88.2
0
1.84
88.2
0
0.19
88.2
12
2.89
88.2
18.18
2.74
44.1
5.13
0.72
32
0
4.87
32
0
3.86
88.2
0
3.88
88.2
0
0.87
88.2
0
1.74
88.2
8
2.71
88.2
12.5
4.07
88.2
0
0.87
44.1
4.35
2.07
88.2
4.17
1.84
88.2
8
1.68
88.2
12.5
1.84
88.2
4.35
0.19
44.1
8.33
3.98
44.1
0
2.61
44.1
17.86
0.87
88.2
22.22
4.51
44.1
2.44
4.69
32
0
2.53
32
22.73
2.08
88.2
8.33
1.13
44.1
16.67
0.87
44.1
14.29
0.73
32
8.57
1.05
32
2.94
1.76
32
2.86
0.1
32
25.71
1.14
32
14.29
0.1
32
14.29
0.19
32
11.43
1.05
32
5.88
2.74
32
8.57
1.05
32
5.71
1.14
32
5.71
0.1
32
5.71
1.14
32
5.71
0.1
32
2.86
0.19
32
0
1.05
32
4.17
4.56
88.2
0
0.1
88.2
4
3.88
88.2
17.39
0.92
88.2
8
0.73
44.1
4
2.71
44.1
0
4.07
44.1
6.9
2.18
88.2
0
0.13
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88.2
Data
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Loss
Jitter
Av_B/W
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Adapting To Very High Loss using SR/TTS
At very high loss rates, beyond a threshold, Speech Recognition is applied at the server and Text-To-Speech synthesis at the client side.
The speech is recognized at packet loss rates up to 99%
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Conclusions
Perceived speech quality is substantially enhanced by payload size and rate adaptation
Recognizable speech is delivered in extreme conditions by Text-To-Speech translation
Work in progress
Real/Synthetic Speech synchronization
CELP, SBC, A/u-Law, DSP TSpeech, GSM 6.10, G723, MP3 etc.
Large scale network emulation experiments
using GlomoSim platform
Cellular vs Multihop
UCLA CS Wireless Adaptive Mobility Lab
Ad-Hoc Network Characteristics
Ad-Hoc Network Applications
Search and rescue in remote areas
Sport events, festivals
Indoor network appliances