ud4 wk3 a1 3aot
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http://cmimarseille.org/_src/UD4_wk3/UD4_wk3_A1_3AOT.pdfTRANSCRIPT
AOTs in Turkey, Jordan, Syria:
situations & perspectives,
few lessons from a regional project
Dr Safak HENGIRMEN-TERCAN Director of Environment, MM Gaziantep, Turkey
Coordinator of SUMPA-MED Regional Project www.sumpa-med.net
Eng. Bernard CORNUT – ADEME (Paris), Energy Efficiency & Environment Expert
A programme funded by the European Union
Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning Adapted to Med. Countries “SUMPA-MED”
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
2
SUMPA-MED Project’s Partners & Associates
• Contractor Cordinator: GaziantepMetropolitan Municipality (Turkey)
• with 6 Partners : Aleppo (Syria)
• Amman & Irbid (Jordan) as pilot cities
• Marmara Union of Municipalities (Istanbul), Paris, Stuttgart as technical partners.
• & 5 Associates: Ministry of Environment & Forestry (Turkey-Ankara); Ministry of Municipal Affairs (Jordan-Amman), ADEME & Grand Lyon (FR), AUDI Arab Urban Development Institute (Riyadh)
• Budget: 812500€. Grant 650000€
• Duration: 3 years (2010-2012) + extension to be requested!
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
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Objective & Expected Results
• Objective: To help the local authorities in Syria & Jordan to introduce environmental, energy & socio-economic criteria for developing sustainable urban mobility plans
• Expected Results:
• A network of professionals.
• Transfer of know-how, experiences & best practices related to
• sustainable modes of transport, and organisational systems
• and more specifically:
• Aleppo: A cleaner environment in the Old City area
• Amman: Financing identified for a rapid implementation of
the planned backbone of a Mass Transit System. Methodology of impact evaluation on reduction of vehicles and CO2 emissions
• Irbid: Authority obtained towards organising & regulating urban transport.
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
5
EU Project management issues (up-dated Oct. 2011)
• ISSUES
• 5 languages: EN, FR, TR, DE, AR
• No experience in EU projects in 3 pilot cities!
• SY & JO municipalities cannot make use of the future reimbursements of eligible costs
• Difficulties in managing last minute changes
• Difficulties in drafting simple but specific MoU with the Partners
• On-going civil troubles in several cities of Syria
• Difficulties to manage under complex financial rules of EU grant projects.
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
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Why?: Urban Congestion, Air
Pollution, Noise, Growing costs!
AMMAN
ANKARA
GAZIANTEP
NEW-DELHI
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
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Objective: Multi-Modal Sustainable Urban Mobility,
to be developed by exchanging on best practices
for lower emissions, lower costs, easy access
Ankara CNG Bus
& LPG taxis
Bursa Multimodal station
Eskişehir Multimodal Plan
Istanbul: largest
sea passenger port
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
8
ALEPPO (Syria). Priority: access to Old
City, converting to clean mobility inside
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
9
AMMAN (Jordan): accelerated growth, need &
plan to develop mass transport systems
1945: 25 000 Inhabts
2010: over 2 millions
in Greater Amman
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
10
IRBID (Jordan). Priorities: getting full Authority
on Urban & Peri-urban Mobility; Light rail to
distant University; use of bicycles
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
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Marmara Union of Municipalities
(Turkey): over 20 millions; the world
largest passengers port & longest BRT
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
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Mass Transit Systems, OK but…need planning, investment & integration
Tramway crossing,
StrasbourgBus Rapid Transit,
Istanbul, 42km x 2 lanes
Ankara, Suburban trainModern funicular,
Istanbul Taksim-
Kabataş
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
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TURKEY: Situation & perspectives• For each of 16 Metropolitan Municipalities, there is a
transport coordination board (UKoMe) including all stakeholders of transport. The Metropolitan Municipality has the full authority in the city center.
• The President of this board is the elected Mayor of Metropolitan Municipality.
• The license for inter-urban transport (passengers & freight) is delivered by the central government /DG Roads
• For Municipalities, the budget, incl. for transport, is being planned according to the 4 years-strategic plan of the Municipality, then approved by the Municipal council.
• Approved budget will be allocated from the central government.
• Road Infrastructure is constructed by the Municipality.
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
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TURKEY: Situation 2 & perspectives• Bank of Local Authorities (iller bankası) can provide a loan
for urban transport projects if needed. Reimbursements of loan will be deduced from the budget allocation of Municipality at Bank. A Municipality can not borrow above 150% of its yearly income.
• All public transport modes can be operated by the Municipality or by private companies.
• The UT operation licenses are taken from the Municipality.
• Ownership for the busses can be municipal or private.
• Laws permit built-operate-transfer models (BOT) & PPP.
• The ticket income is belonging to owner of the fleets, without obligation to use it for transport projects.
• As Municipalities are short of budget, it became usual that a private company pay for the e-ticketing system against receiving a % of the ticket income.
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
26
TURKEY: Situation & perspectives
• A new Law on Public Private Partnership has extended the possible duration (49) much over one municipal term.
• Gaziantep M. Municipality acquired experience with PPP in other fields (use of landfill gas; medical waste processing).
• Gaziantep M.M. & the National Railways Co (TCDD) aim to found a joint private Co for operating a suburban train line to the industrial zones, under construction.
• For busses, Gaziantep has a rather negative experience about privatisation (2006).
• Within its recent Energy & Climate Action Plan, reducing CO2 emissions & air pollution became a target. 50 CNG busses will be bought with EBRD loan.
• Accessibility must be improved by Law before 2014.
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
27
JORDAN: Situation & perspectives
• The Ministry of Municipal Affairs still set the strategy, has the authority to plan, deliver licenses for urban transport,
• Except for Great Amman Municipality & Aqaba
• The new regional Authorities set the interurban tariffs.
• A future Law has been announced in Spring 2011 for transferring this authority to other Municipalities, if recognized able to manage urban transport.
• There is a limited competition for elections at Great Municipalities. The government has recently appointed interim Mayors. New Municipal elections prepared.
• SUMPA-MED and Irbid organised a workshop on May31 & June 1, 2011 to explain & discuss AOT roles & rules.
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
28
JORDAN: Situation & perspectives• In IRBID, transfer of full Authority and new financial
resources are strongly expected.
• SUMPA-MED has a budget line for a feasibility study.
• Involvement of the civil society might bring the issue of Urban Transport modernisation into the electoral debate.
• The presently sensitive political and media debates about the adequacy, feasibility & implementation of the Amman Transport Master Plan reveal the structural weakness of status & resources for the transition from low public action to high investment in mass urban transport.
• Minister of Transport visited Lyon in June 2011 & observed the rules, roles & techniques of its strong AOT.
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
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SYRIA: Situation & perspectives• Status of Municipalities: direct elections of the Council but
the Mayor is still appointed
• Financial resources are very limited, especially for investment in infrastructures
• There are bus fleets run by the Municipality and licenses delivered to many private minibus (no ticket, no statistics, no comfort!), to taxis & possibly to private bus. Little control of emissions.
• In Damascus the Province (Mohafazat) has a Directorate of Transport managing planning studies and studies of new infrastructure (metro)
• In Old Cities (Aleppo, Damascus), strict control of access for cars and vans (timing in-out, size, residents only).
• Parking policy: usually free in residential areas; in city centres: formal/unformal fees, few saturated parkings
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
30
SYRIA: Situation & perspectives• The Concept of independent metropolitan AOT still not
considered at political level. Except Minister of Transport ?
• After exposure to the SYTRAL concept, Damascus & Aleppo transport teams dream of a new status, including:
• Public body with self rule, regular extra budgetary financial resources, large control over tariffs & access to loans, public ownership of infrastructures & fleets, possibility of competitive tendering for operation.
• Low prices of fuels (#0,7€/l gasoline) & minibus tariffs (5-10 SYP/trip = 8-17 €cent), provide an opportunity for structural reform + new financing model.
• The current civil troubles might hopefully lead to strengthen the elected local authorities!
• Urban transport & metro studies ready for Damascus make a case for arranging a consistent package “ new status & resources, adequate tariffs, soft loan, tender for operation”
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
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What happens without AOT?• Lack of integrated vision
• Poor coordination (bus, tram, minibus, rail,
urban planning)
• Not adequate parking policy
• No integration of fares/tariff
• Too Administrative or too commercial control
may both lead to lack of offer for low density
areas & to poor response to the social demand.
• Successful PPP models should be publicised.
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
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What happens without financial support ?
• If the fuels are rather cheap, cars, taxis & minibus share increases. Nearly no bus & heavy modes! Congestion & air pollution will grow !
• If fuels & car taxes are high, minibus & bus are numerous, but little chance for heavy modes in private competition…
• If municipalities + State invest too much in heavy modes (tram, BRT, trolleybus), the financial burden limits the possibilities of complementary actions.
• The balance among all modes must be finely tuned at AOT level!
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
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What are the key suggestions for a
sustainable urban mobility ?• At local urban level, establish a independent &
democratically controlled AOT owning and investing, with a large scope (mobility+ parking)
• See UITP recent brochure www.uitp.org
• Establish at national legal level a stable financial resource for a « cleaner » sustainable mobility
• Such as a “pollution fee” on fuels and/or gross salaries, at sufficient level
• Organise mutual support & exchange of experience among AOTs/ Cities
• Organise training, training & innovation
CMI/ UD4 BARCELONA
Oct. 18-20, 2011
AOTs in TR JO SY: situations &
perspectives
34
SUMPA-MEDa project supported by EU Grant (CIUDAD programme)