udc and solar-dc scaled r&d pilot - tenet

UDC and Solar-DC Scaled R&D Pilot

Presented by: IIT Madras

1st June 2015

Outline

Project UDC and Solar-DC, IIT Madras 2

• Introduction to New Technologies

• Solar DC- Technology and deployments

• UDC- Technology and deployments

• IITM R&D Pilot Scope & Objectives

• Pilot Management & Implementation

• Committees and teams

• Post pilot plan

• Requirements from Discom and DoP


Solar-DC

Decentralised Solar Power at Homes


Solar PV gives DC Power But load is AC

Needs a DC-AC convertor

Now if we add a battery Battery stores only DC

Require a AC-DC convertor for charging

Require a DC-AC convertor during discharging

For low power, each convertor can have 10 to 15% loss

Solar-AC may have 30 to 45% loss plus battery loss

Battery

LoadAC

Grid

Solar DC

AC-DC

DC-AC

DC-AC

And it gets worse


As home-appliances are moving towards being DC-powered

All Electronics devices work on low-voltage DC TV (LED/LCD), laptops. Cell-phones, speaker-phones, tablets, speakers

AC to DC conversion has losses from 20% to 50% in each device

Even refrigerators, air-conditioners, washing machine in future will be BLDC motors

Use of DC-powered and energy-efficient devices Consumption down by 50%

AC fan 72W BLDC fan 30W

at speed 1 60W 9W

CFL tube 36W LED tube 15W

low intensity na 4W

Volume prices

similar for fans

LED tube life much

longer (DC powering enhances reliability)

Solar-DC For off-grid and near-off-grid homes


48V DC micro-grid at home to connect solar, battery and load Highly power-efficient usage of solar Battery added without converters Designed to have minimal end-to-

end losses

When grid is available Low-power from grid added to DC

micro-grid

IITM’s Solar-DC OGH Product 83% end-to-end efficiency measured

as opposed to less than 45% for solar-AC products

Panel and battery size reduce to half as compared to solar-AC systems

Grid(optional)

AC-DC

Battery

DC – appliances:

fans, light and

electronics

Solar

48VDC

48VDC

48VDC

AC-DC convertor loss at 10% for 125WFor very large volumes: 7% possible todayWith GaN transistors: can go down to 5%

Multiple Solar-DC Field Trials In off-grid situation as well as solar Inverterless UPS

OGH with 125W Solar panel, 1 kWh battery, 1 fan,

two lights and a cell phone charger

Site is close to India’s

prestigious Sriharikota

Rocket Launch, yet there

is no electricity for many

residents. 23 out of 30

homes were off-grid

“Summer will

never be hot

anymore”

“Bye-Bye to eye

straining Oil lamps,

Now I can complete

homework faster”

7

Location: Irrukam Island, AP# of houses covered: 30Date: January 2015

Location: Kundithal, Gudalur, Nilgiris Tamil Nadu

Number of houses covered: 20

Date: 8th January 20158

And as Inverterless UPS

CSTRI Lab, IITM

Sabarmati Hostel, IITM

Homes and offices, IITM

New Academic Complex, IITM

Ayurveda Hospital, Chennai

Multi-storied Apartment, Hyderabad

9

“We didn’t know thatthis was a DC

powered system. Iam surprised asthere seems to be no

difference betweenthe appearance of anAC and a DC

appliance.”-Shravani, student

Solar-DC Innovation


Use of energy-efficient DC appliances reduces DEMAND

Use of decentralised Solar enhances SUPPLY

Solar-DC can replace “Inverter based Uninterrupted Power Supply” (UPS)

Giving first Inverterless UPS with Solar Option (OGH) 125 to 500W solar panel, 1 to 5 kWh battery, 125 to 500W DC output with

power control upto four homes, 125 to 500W grid-connection (optional), 125W AC output (optional), blue-tooth for metering

Can be great boost to off-grid and near-off-grid homes


UDC (Uninterrupted DC)a power distribution innovation

Addition of a DC Power line at each home


Substation charges feeders with 11kV Distribution Line

Distribution transformer steps down voltage to 230V in each of the three phases

UDPM at home allows using present AC line and a limited power DC line

UDPM has built-in DC meter; AC meter remains as it is

D

T

Normal: 230V

TRA

NSF

OR

MER

33KV 11 KV •

Substation Home

Unlimited Power

existing 230Vac line

New Limited Power

DC line at 48V

UDPM

M

Load shedding: 90% power cut –Brown-out


Brown-out: continue feeding 10% power to Distribution Line Substation feeds 11kV in normal and with 4.4kV in brown-out condition (only 10%) on DL

Distribution transformer steps down voltage to 230V in normal / 90V in brown-out condition

UDPM detects AC voltage drop to 90V: cuts off AC line but continues feeding 48V DC

10% BO Power small enough to be made available even during worst power-shortage

D

T

Normal: 230V

Brown-out: 90V

TRA

NSF

OR

MER

33KV 11 KV •

Tap or Step-down

transformer (0.4)

•Brown-out

4.4 KV

Some 10%

of power

SubstationHome

230Vac line: cut-off

during Brown-out

Limited Power DC

supply at 48V:

Uninterrupted

Brown-out

Control

UDPM

No change in DT or distribution lines

But what will 10% DC Power do?


Assume uninterrupted but limited Power: 100 Watts DC

Can support 3 lights + 2 fans + cell-phone charging

Or 3 lights + 1 fan + TV (24” LED/LCD) + cell-phone charging can be installed incrementally

100W per home is such a small amount that it can be supplied even in adverse power situation

What if one wants more? Add Solar PV

If needed, add a battery to have a Solar DC system

500W Solar DC can support 5 fans, 8 lights, 2 TVs, multiple cell-phone / tablet chargers and a laptop charger

Location: Madhuranthakam, Chennai

Number of houses covered: 241, December 2014

UDC Field Trials

15

Remote (fan, tube-light) and meter reading demonstrations at field trials

Most families are very happy with the fans and lights provided by the system.“We use them all day long”, they said. This cluster of 241 houses is the onlycommunity in neighbourhood that remains lit even when the rest facespower-cuts. Neighbouring areas have expressed interest in the project afterlooking at the running model.

16

Moinabad, Hyderabad: Brown-out data


Brown-out Power Consumption: 10% of Normal

203 LIG Homes; DTR capacity 100kVA

Power saving even in normal hours becauseof DC appliances

Normal P-N

Voltage (V)

Normal

Current (A)

Normal

Power kVA

Phase 1 251.0 84.0 21.08

Phase 2 253.0 62.0 15.69

Phase 3 249.0 90.0 22.41

Total Power (kVA) 59.18

BO P-N

Voltage (V)

BO Current

(A)

BO Power in

kVA

Phase 1 97.6 19.0 1.85

Phase 2 97.1 10.3 1.00

Phase 3 97.0 24.0 2.33

Total Power (kVA) 5.18

Just before Brown-Out

During Brown-OutBrown-Out Duration: 2 hrs /day

Date TIME

Power

Consumed just Before Brown-

Out in kVA

Power

Consumed during Brown-

Out in kVA

ON OFF

20-May-15 3:10 PM 4:45 PM 50.70 4.35

21-May-15 3:07 PM 5:07 PM 50.70 4.35

22-May-15 3:15 PM 5:10 PM 59.18 5.18

23-May-15 3:00 PM 5:00 PM 55.33 5.03

25-May-15 2:55 PM 5:00 PM 71.93 4.51

26-May-15 3:20 PM 5:15 PM 44.98 4.89

27-May-15 3:00 PM 5:00 PM 60.02 5.18

28-May-15 3:00 PM 5:00 PM 60.75 4.64

29-May-15 3:00 PM 5:00 PM 57.22 6.06

UDPM features


230V / 90V AC single phase input

230V AC output (pass through): cut-off during Brown-out

48V DC output (100 to 150W programmable): uninterrupted

BPU for protection and for buzzer and reset

Provide 48V DC line with over current and foreign voltage protection

When power drawn exceeds set limit, buzzer goes on, line gets cut-off in 30 sec, system needs reset for restarting

Bluetooth for DC meter reading

RS485 for connection to smart-meters if required

UDC Innovation


Reduce domestic demand: energy-efficient appliances

Increase Supply as decentralized solar PV gets added Reducing supply-demand gap

And at the same time have 24x7 DC power at each home Adequate for lowest income homes

Middle and high income homes will install solar

Could help Manage Subsidy Power Distribution Companies unconstrained: would become

financially viable Uninterrupted DC power supply at low tariff

AC power can be charged at market rates

D

S

Demand-

supply gap

UDC & Solar-DC R&D Pilot


Sub-parts of the pilot:

i. UDC in a city with 100,000 homes: Gaya city

ii. UDC in a town with 5,000 homes: Lakhimpur town

iii. Solar-DC deployment in 4,000 homes in ten villages: Rajasthan


BREAK

UDC & Solar-DC R&D Pilot


Sub-parts of the pilot:

i. UDC in a city with 100,000 homes: Gaya city

ii. UDC in a town with 5,000 homes: Lakhimpur town

iii. Solar-DC deployment in 4,000 homes in ten villages: Rajasthan

UDC Pilot Scope


For Gaya (100K homes) and Lakhimpur (5000 home) on grid homes, following will be installed at project cost• UDPM box at each home (without type certification for this pilot)• BOFEAS (Brown Out Feeder Energisation and Automation System) at each sub-

station (without TC for this pilot)

• LVCO at offices, industry and non brown-out locations at their own cost• Power to Shops: to be discussed• Power to Street-lights: to be discussed

Following will be provided to each home if they get 48V home-wiring done from UDPM to installation locations• BPU (protection box)• 1 four feet LED tubelight and 1 LED bulb• 1 BLDC fan• 1 remote for operating fan and tube-light• 1 mobile phone charger with a socket

Solar DC Pilot Scope


For off grid or near off grid village cluster (10 villages, 4000 homes) in Rajasthan, the complete installation will be carried out at each home• 1 Inverterless UPS (OGH)

• AC input Interface (DPAU) if on-grid• 1 four feet LED tubelight and 1 LED bulb• 1 BLDC fan• 1 remote for operating fan and tubelight• 1 mobile phone charger with a socket• 125W solar panel• 1 kWh VRLA battery

If homes are very close to each other, IITM may install common equipment for multiple homes with individual power usage control

Pending task• Identification of off-grid or near off-grid village-cluster

Pilot Objectives


UDC• Demonstrate at scale that 24 x 7 power can be made available even in power-

starved situation• Demonstrate benefits of energy-efficient DC-powered DC appliances to customers:

• Customers add more DC appliances to increase the number of devices that are “power-cut proof”

• Customers add solar-panel, as they exceed limit of DC power• Demonstrate to DISCOM the benefits of the following:

• Providing 24 x 7 power to each home• Reduction in demand as energy-efficient DC appliances get used• Reduction in demand as solar-panels are used• Explore possibility of removing subsidy from AC-power to homes

Solar-DC• Demonstrate scaled affordable power connection to homes via solar-DC with goal:

• Customers add more DC appliances / solar panel / batteries• Study how it can be scaled to all off-grid and near off-grid homes in the country

Project Management Responsibilities


IITM has the full responsibility of Project Management and will constitute the following committees and teams for smooth execution of the pilots

1. Committees• Steering committee• 3 Project Coordination and Advisory Committees (PCACs) for each state

2. Teams• Project planning and coordination teams• Customer relations teams• Project implementation teams• Supply chain management teams

Steering Committee


Responsibility• Oversee project implementation• Approve small changes to the project as per the overall objectives

Composition• Senior personnel from MoP• Director- IIT Madras• Project Coordinator- IIT Madras (Convenor of the committee)• One member from REC• CMD (Discom) or State energy secretary of each of the three locations

• Gaya/Bihar• Lakhimpur/Assam• Rajasthan

Project Coordination & Advisory Committee (PCAC)


There will be three PCACs, one for each location

Responsibility:• Overall coordination and advisory role• Regular reporting to Steering Committee

Composition:• MoP member• REC member• Respective SEB/Discom’s member at GM level• IIT Madras• Project Implementation Contractor (PIC)• Customer Relations Contractor (CRC)

Other teams


• Project planning and coordination PIC (execution responsibility), IITM and respective discom

• Customer relations CRC (execution responsibility), PIC and IITM and respective discom

• Project implementation PIC

• Supply chain management IITM

Details about these teams are present in the project proposal hand-out

Project Office


A project office will be set up with representation from Discom, IITM, PIC and CRC

Key responsibilities:

a. Office management

b. Stores management

c. Co-ordination with various discom departments for various data and activities

d. Coordination with Discom/EB/State government to get all necessary approvals

e. Preparation for post-pilot hand off from project team to Discom

This office will require involvement and support of the GM of advisory committee.

Activities post implementation


Discom team will handle various steady state activities of brown-out

Examples:

• Day-to-day brown out operations

• Maintenance of the systems

• Complaint handling and resolution

• UDPM installation at new connections

Appropriate hands-on training will be provided to Discom personnel for all such activities

Asset ownership post pilot phase


Sub-station equipment (UDC)• All sub-station assets will be given to EB on permanent loan for continued

operation• This will enable continued supply of interrupted power to the citizens

Home equipmentUDC• All equipment installed at homes will be transferred to users at zero cost• This will enable EB to continue providing UDC power to the people

Solar-DC• All equipment will be transferred to home owners at zero cost.• Solar DC set up will continue to provide power to off grid homes. Even when

grid comes, the equipment can continue to supply power

Help needed from Discoms-1


Project planning

• Host IITM team during their visit for scoping and planning implementation

• Provide detailed information like (Most details are for UDC only)

• Feeders and connected loads

• Number of homes on each feeder and Consumption billing data

• Type of connections – 3 phase /1 phase / agri / industry / others

• Street light and shop connections

• Power outage pattern, total load during different time etc

Detailed list of requirements will be shared separately

Help needed from Discoms-2


Project management and implementation

• Appoint members for steering committee and PCAC

• GM level full time resource (primary contact) and other full/part time resources for project execution

• Provide space for office and warehouse

• Provide space in substation for BOFEAS installation (UDC only)

• Customer Reach-out activities

• Carry out metering, billing, new connections, brown outs, routine maintenance, customer complaint handling etc. post training

Help needed from MoP and REC


• ED exemption of IITM should apply for the pilot deployment

• CST exemption or maximum 5%• Classify solar-DC as solar equipment• Classify UDC as energy efficient equipment

• Octroi/state entry tax exemption

• UDPM and sub-station equipment will not be type-approved. CPRI certification exemption for the pilot

• 48V DC standard for in-home wiring from BIS

• DC power billing to be handled by discoms. IITM will provide recommendations

Back-up


Project Planning and Coordination Team


Composition:PIC (execution responsibility), IITM and respective discom

Key responsibilities:• Survey / segregate substation wise line diagrams

• Identify changes and materials required for each substation

• Identify Discom’s scope of work at substations and support operational level personnel prepare necessary proposals for approvals

• Create databases of units (homes, industry, school, park, street lights etc) serviced by each substation. Prepare implementation strategy and methodology for each set of units.

• Identify space for project office, stores, IQC and maintenance, staff each one

• Prepare a comprehensive implementation plan

• Act as interface for resolution of any issues by liaising with the right personnel

Customer Relations Team


Composition:CRC (execution responsibility), PIC, IITM and respective Discom

Key responsibilities:• Prepare strategy for educating locals about the project and its benefits

• Encourage users to undertake internal wiring and avail free DC devices

• Implement a software for tracking data at home level and for report generation

• Carry out detailed data collection post implementation for the pilot duration

• Provide customer support for the entire duration of the pilot

• Prepare monitoring and evaluation framework and conduct assessments, including feedback surveys to analyse impact and drive improvements

• Develop a market for DC devices coupled with solar - propose and implement methods to improve acceptance and awareness of DC devices

Project Implementation Team


Composition:PIC (Project Implementation Contractor)

Key responsibilities:• Prepare a detailed time schedule of various activities and prepare a material

requirement plan including all major equipment and DC devices as specified by the Project Planning & Co-ordination function in implementation strategy

• Get the necessary approvals / PO / WO for the same

• Install required equipment at sub-stations and homes

• Train the EB personnel on various aspects; prepare content

• Train local technicians for DC wiring and solar installations; prepare content

• Set up mechanism to handle all UDC related complaints in a timely manner

• Identify local shops who can stock up DC devices to cater to future demand

Supply Chain Management Team


Composition:IIT Madras

Key responsibilities:• Award POs to chosen vendors for proprietary products equipment

• Tender and qualify vendors for non – proprietary products equipment

• Qualify vendors based on technical bids after releasing detailed specs. Conduct financial qualification on technically proven vendors

• Place orders with identified vendors based on requirement

• Implement a mechanism and software to meet all equipment related requirements on time

• Coordinate with other teams to dynamically track requirements / deliveries / defects etc.

udc and solar-dc scaled r&d pilot - tenet

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