uf carbon resources science center: introduction and ...science center: introduction and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: UF Carbon Resources Science Center: Introduction and ...Science Center: Introduction and Opportunities Timothy A. Martin, Director Carbon Resources Science Center Context Mauna Loa,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022081620/6111dbde1c4fe64dc45e0565/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
UF Carbon ResourcesScience Center:
Introduction and Opportunities
Timothy A. Martin, DirectorCarbon Resources Science Center
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ContextMauna Loa, Hawaii - C.D. Keeling and T.P. Whorf
Year1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Atm
osph
eric
CO
2 C
once
ntra
tion
(par
ts p
er m
illion
)
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
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U.S. GHG Emissions andAgricultural / Forestry GHG Balance
U.S. EPA 2005
Forests offset 11-16% of U.S. GHG emissionsAgriculture is a net GHG source
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Opportunities for Forestry and Agricultural Mitigation of Atmospheric CO2 – U.S.
U.S. EPA 2005
Forest ManagementAg Soils
Afforestation
Biofuel offsets
Crop Fossil Fuel Mitigation
CH4 and N2O mitigation
Aver
age
Offs
ets
at $
15/to
nne
CO
2 eq
(mill
ion
tonn
es C
O2 e
q / y
r)
0
50
100
150
200
250
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Opportunities for Forestry and Agricultural Mitigation of Atmospheric CO2 - Florida
Mulkey et al. 2008
Biofuels/Energy
Forest Management
Conservation Tillage
Afforestation
Ag Biogas
Ann
ual M
arke
t Val
ue ($
mill
ions
)@
$20
met
ric to
n C
O2 e
q
0
40
80
120
160
Nea
r-Te
rm C
Offs
et P
oten
tial
(mill
ion
tonn
es C
O2
eq /
yr)
0
2
4
6
8
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UF Carbon Science Expertise• Natural resource and agricultural management• Plant sciences• Ecology• Biogeochemistry• Remote sensing• Engineering• Economics• Policy• Social sciences
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CRSC Mission
• Bring UF carbon science experts together to work synergistically on common problems
• Leverage new sources of research funding• Serve as an objective, well-regarded
source of rigorous information on carbon resources science for stakeholders
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Focus Areas• Develop optimum forest management regimes for
sequestering carbon;• Discover technologies for decreasing carbon emissions
from agricultural production systems;• Advance agricultural and forest management systems to
produce carbon-neutral biofuels to substitute for fossil fuels;
• Create efficient methodologies for cost effective implementation of cap-and-trade systems;
• Conduct life-cycle analyses with full-cost accounting of alternative policies, incentives and management regimes; and
• Address critical shortage of US scientists through graduate education.
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Approach
• Directed, high impact internal research projects• Formal and informal meetings among Center-
affiliated faculty• Support for Center-affiliated faculty activities and
grantsmanship• Periodic newsletters• Website• Extension activities coordinated with an already-
established Extension focus group
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http://carboncenter.ifas.ufl.edu
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Seminar
Faculty Roundtable
Facilitated Visioning Process
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Simulation of Pine Plantation Carbon Dynamics Under Contrasting
Silvicultural Scenarios
Timothy A. MartinWendell P. Cropper, Jr.
School of Forest Resources and ConservationUniversity of Florida
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Forest Store LOTS of CO2just through growth (in situ)
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
mill
ion
met
ric
tons
CO
2 C
Forest UrbanForest
Crops Landfills Grasslands
U.S. EPA 2007
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ex situ forest carbon sequestration
• Storage in wood products – paper, lumber, furniture
• Storage in landfills• Substitution for other, carbon-emitting
products like steel or concrete• Substituting for fossil fuels
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FOREST
AtmosphereCO2 Taken Up
by Plant Photosynthesis
CO2 Given Off by Respiration /
Decay / Fire
orNet Uptake or Loss of CO2 by
Forest
+ =
Biological Carbon Balance
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In Situ + Ex Situ Forest Carbon Balance
PlantPhotosynth.
Respiration, decay,
fire
Atmosphere
FORESTSolid Wood
PaperSilviculture
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Forestry Carbon Emission Mitigation Strategies
• Increase forested land area through reforestation or afforestation
• Increase carbon density of existing forests at both stand and landscape scales
• Expand the use of forest products that sustainably replace fossil fuel CO2emissions
• Reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation
Canadell and Raupach. 2008. Science 32:1456-1457
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Objective
• To quantify how different silvicultural scenarios affect the C balance of plantation pine forests in northern FL, a region representative of much of the SE U.S. Coastal Plain
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Methods• Phenomenological model
of pine plantation C balance based on eddy covariance data from ~ 15 site-years of data
• Estimates of C fluxes due to silvicultural activities, harvest, storage in wood products
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Pattern of Southern Pine Plantation Carbon Sequestration - Yearly
Slash Pine Plantation
Year0 5 10 15 20
Sta
nd-L
evel
Car
bon
Bal
ance
(met
ric to
ns C
O2 /
acr
e / y
ear)
-20
-16
-12
-8
-4
0
4
8
12
“Sink”
“Source”
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Pattern of Southern Pine Plantation Carbon Sequestration - Cumulative
“Sink”
“Source”
Slash Pine Plantation
Year0 5 10 15 20S
tand
-Lev
el C
umul
ativ
e C
arbo
n B
alan
ce(m
etric
tons
CO
2 / a
cre)
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
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Silvicultural Regimes• 20 Year Rotation
– NP fertilizer at age 6 yrs. – 100% pulpwood
• 30 Year Rotation– NP fertilizer at age 6 and 20 yrs. – 50% pulpwood, 50% chip 'n saw / sawlog
• 45 Year Rotation– NP fertilizer at age 6, 20 and 30 yrs. – Stands thinned to 70 ft2 / ac of basal area– Final harvest at 45 yrs. – 50% pulpwood, 50% sawtimber at thinning; – 80% chip 'n saw / sawlog, 20% pulpwood at final harvest
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Carbon Costs of Silvicultural Operations
Plantation Age(years) Silvicultural Activity
Carbon cost(metric tons /
ha)
0Site preparation; raking or spot
piling, aerial application of herbicide, Savannah bedding
0.095
1 Machine planting 0.101
6 for pulpwood scenarios6, 20, 30 for 45 yr rotation
scenarios
Helicopter fertilization, 125 lb/acre DAP, 385 lb/acre urea 0.268
Rotation age for pulpwood scenarios
Thinning age and rotation age for 45 yr rotation scenarios
Harvest 0.456
Modified from Markewitz 2006
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Product Conversion Efficiency and Decay Rates
ProductConversion efficiency (mass of product per
mass of log input)
Half-life (yrs; Markewitz
2006)
Annual Decay Rate
(1/yrs)
Pulpwood 58% (White et al. 2007) 1 0.6931
Chip 'n Saw and Sawlog
64.5% (Spelter and Alderman 2005) 50 0.0139
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20-year rotation
20-year rotation - in situ
Year
2000 2020 2040 2060 2080
Car
bon
Stoc
k(M
g / h
a)
20
40
60
80
100
120
14020-year rotation - paper
Year
2000 2020 2040 2060 2080
Car
bon
Stoc
k(M
g / h
a)
0
5
10
15
20
25
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20-year rotation
20-year rotation - total
Year
2000 2020 2040 2060 2080
Car
bon
Stoc
k(M
g / h
a)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
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30-year rotation
30-year rotation - in situ
Year
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200
Car
bon
Stoc
k(M
g / h
a)
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
20030-year rotation - paper and solid
Year
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
Car
bon
Stoc
k(M
g / h
a)0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
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30-year rotation
20-year rotation - total
Year
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300
Car
bon
Stoc
k(M
g / h
a)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
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45-year rotation with thinning
45-year rotation - in situ
Year
2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500
Car
bon
Stoc
k(M
g / h
a)
0
50
100
150
200
25045-year rotation - paper and solid
Year
2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500
Car
bon
Stoc
k(M
g / h
a)0
50
100
150
200
250
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45-year rotation with thinning
45-year rotation - total
Year
2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500
Car
bon
Stoc
k(M
g / h
a)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
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"Equilibrium" Carbon Pools
Rotation (years)20 30 45
Car
bon
Pool
(Mg
/ ha)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350in situ paper solid
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Summary
• Lengthened rotations increased carbon density of slash pine plantation forest– Increased in situ sequestration– Increased ex situ sequestration in solid wood
• C cost of silvicultural activities was negligible– 2.2 Mg/ha over entire 45-year regime, compared to
average in situ carbon density of 125 Mg/ha• Sequestration in paper was negligible
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Future Plans
• Incorporating uncertainty into estimates• Economics• Role of non-plantation stands and prescribed fire
at stand and landscape levels• Role of landfills
– Possibly greatly increased half-life for paper products– Methane emissions = 30 times more warming
potential than CO2
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Acknowledgements
• Florida Forestry Association• NIGEC• NICCR• Forest Biology Research Cooperative• IFAS Dean for Research• SFRC