ugamunc xxi u.s. intelligence community · ugamunc xxi u.s. intelligence community ! 2! honored...

UGAMUNC XXI U.S. Intelligence Community

1

Honored Delegates,


2

Honored Delegates, Welcome to the 2015 University of Georgia Model United Nations Conference and specifically to one of the most exciting committees of this year’s competition: The U.S. Intelligence Community. My name is Anna Nordnes Helgøy, and I will be chairing the committee along with my fantastic Co-Chair, Nicole Garcia. We are both thrilled to host what we expect to be an engaging and intriguing debate about some of the most profound questions of modern society; how far will the intelligence community be willing to go before the American (or foreign, for that matter) public protests? Before I go further into the background of the committee, I would like to assure you that you are in good hands for this competition by further introducing my Co-Chair and myself. I was born in Bremen, Germany, and I grew up in Bergen, Norway. In other words, English is not my native language, and I am easily impressed by articulation. I am a junior political science and public relations double major at UGA. This is my third year on the UGA Model UN team and my first year as a member of the Model UN Secretariat, as its PR Officer. I have previously co-chaired our SPECPOL committee and last year’s joint crisis committee of the Obama/McCain 2008 Election. I have competed at three collegiate conferences with the team and participated in mostly crisis committees. I know crisis might be new to you, but I assure you that I will move forward with the committee in a clean and clear way, and I will include detailed information on how the competition will be run in this background guide. I encourage you to read it carefully. My Co-Chair is Nicole Garcia, a freshman from Evans, Georgia. She is currently majoring in Business with a minor in Spanish. She participated in Model United Nations all four years of high school, competing at many different conferences and participating in many different committees, including the African Union, GA 1st, and the Security Council, even attending UGAMUNC herself as a delegate in the Security Council. With having been in all of your shoes before, she knows firsthand the caliber of UGAMUNC delegates and is extremely eager to see the ideas and enthusiasm that each one of you will bring to this special crisis committee to make it as enjoyable and successful as possible for everyone involved. As you dive into your research of the U.S. Intelligence Community and what they do, I highly encourage you to read through the Notes on How the Committee will be Run part of the background guide. If you have not been in a crisis committee before, this information will help you understand what you’re in for. Additionally, just in case you don’t read all the details of this background guide, I want you to take note of one thing: we have established a blog for this committee at www.usintelligencecommunity.wordpress.com that will be used during UGAMUNC weekend for crisis updates. However, Nicole and I will post interesting related articles and perhaps some additional tips and information on a running basis until February 6th. Feel free to make use of that if you feel so inclined. Another matter of interest to you is that this committee requires position papers. This means that unless you turn in a position paper before or at the beginning of the conference, you may not be eligible for an award. The paper should include some


3

research on your character and the agency you represent in the committee, as well as your position on the opening scenario and other events you foresee happening in the committee. Furthermore, you can refer to our questions to consider listed after the description of the opening scenario for some guiding questions regarding your position paper. We expect it to be about two typed pages, but most importantly, it should just be a good paper. You can either bring a printed version of the position paper to the first committee session or you can email it to our committee’s email address listed below. I hope you feel excited after reading this background guide. I, along with Nicole and the rest of the UGA Model UN team, cannot wait to meet you and see what you are capable of in February. Until then, feel free to contact Nicole or me via our committee’s email ([email protected]) if you have any questions at all. Best, Anna Helgøy Chair, U.S. Intelligence Community


4

Notes on How the Committee will be Run This committee is a crisis committee, as opposed to a General Assembly committee. That means that the competition will not follow standard parliamentary procedure. Now, don’t freak out – a crisis committee is also more fast-paced, fun, and a very real insight into how college Model UN competitions work. There are some rules in our UGAMUNC rulebook that still apply to our committee, so I do encourage you to still be aware of those. However, here are a few basic rules of thumb for crisis committees:

1. There will be no speaker’s list. Think about the sessions as a constant moderated caucus (although you are allowed to motion for unmoderated caucuses as well.)

2. You will not be writing resolutions. In general assembly committees, you would spend a lot of time formulating long solutions to the issue at hand, called resolutions, to be passed by the General Assembly. In a crisis committee, these don’t exist. Instead, you’ll be writing directives; these are short and precise descriptions of actions you wish the committee to take. They are usually brought to a vote immediately, without a long voting process. This is due to the fact that in a committee like this, new things are constantly happening, and you will want to pass directives as soon as a new crisis is introduced.

3. Personal directives. In addition to committee directives that are described above, you will want to try to move through crises unilaterally on the side. As you walk into the first committee session, you will be handed a portfolio with information about your personal connections, available monetary funds and military troops if applicable, etc. Everyone will have something up his or her sleeve, and everyone should reflect on what is best for the agency you are representing. To pass personal directives, simply write a note labeled clearly with “personal directive” and send the note to crisis staff or the co-chair of your committee. You will receive a personal response from crisis on whether or not the action is feasible. Within reasonable limits, I encourage you to establish your personal objectives for the committee and use the tool of personal directives. If you do this successfully, you are able to control the direction of the crises to some extent. However, I do remind you that everything that happens is at the chairs’ and crisis staff’s discretion. Things will not always go your way, and that is part of crisis – no matter how well articulated your notes are.

4. Communiqués. As mentioned above, you will be informed of certain personal connections you have in your portfolio. In order to contact these people or organizations, write a note and label it “communiqué” and hand it to a staff member or your co-chair. You will receive a personal response from staff.

5. Be prepared to improvise and think on your feet. Unlike a General Assembly committee, you will not be completely aware of what is going to happen at any point in time. We are providing you with a starting scenario. This can change or escalate very quickly. Do your research as much as you can, but be aware that all topics that apply to the U.S. Intelligence Community are fair game and can be introduced by the chair or crisis staff in various ways throughout the session.

6. Committee technology. For the purpose of this specific committee, we will take use of certain technology tools. We will not allow for you to bring your own


5

private laptops or use personal electronic devices during committee sessions, but we will have a laptop somewhere in the room for you to make Twitter updates through passed directives to the public. We see this as an interesting and applicable tool for this committee, specifically because a lot of what you do has to be presented in a certain way to the public in order to avoid upheavals. This aspect of your debate is one of the reasons why the U.S. Secretary of State and the White House Press Secretary will be present in the committee along with the heads of the security agencies. In addition to a Twitter account, the committee has a corresponding blog. This is for the use of crisis staff and chairs only and will solely be used to portray crisis updates during the committee sessions. However, until UGAMUNC weekend, you may be able to find interesting articles and additional research opportunities of our committees, as well as this background guide and bios of your chairs on the following web address: www.usintelligencecommunity.com

7. Get excited. We guarantee you a weekend full of surprises and fun, as well as a great debate.


6

Background: The U.S. Intelligence Community The United States Intelligence Community is an organization focused on providing the President and essential policymakers with the information necessary to fulfill their duties and to protect American citizens. The focus of this organization is mainly on terrorism, proliferation, chemical warfare, biological warfare, information infrastructure attack, narcotics attacking, and counterintelligence.1 The organization is overseen by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) and is led by the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The DNI oversees the seventeen member agencies of the intelligence community, all with specialized tasks in different realms of intelligence. For the purposes of this committee, thirteen of these agencies will be represented. Much of the United States Intelligence Community came to be after the passing of the National Security Act of 1947. This act provided for a Secretary of Defense, Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, Department of the Air Force, eventually the Central Intelligence Agency, and the coordination of all of these agencies to work together to promote national security.2 But though this helped to shape U.S. intelligence for the future, the U.S. Intelligence Community was not formed by just one act. U.S. intelligence has been operating throughout history, just not on a very unified front. Intelligence could be seen earlier than World War I but really started to take shape during this time with new cryptographic organizations that were able to decode foreign intelligence, the linking of intelligence more to military functions, and aerial reconnaissance technology.3 World War II pushed U.S. intelligence even further by creating more of a community rather than disjointed forces. The war pushed Army intelligence, Navy intelligence, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to all collectively support the executive branch and strengthen the U.S.’ ability to intercept and decrypt enemy signals, have better imagery analysis of ground operations, and acquire information from openly available foreign sources.4 The Cold War continued to strengthen U.S. intelligence by expanding the U.S.’ ability to collect foreign intelligence and move towards the use of satellites. With the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the United States intelligence community continued to strengthen, not with the threat of impeding war, but to keep up with the technological changes of the 21st century. Now, the seventeen member agencies operate collectively to maintain a secure front for American intelligence and to continue to operate in a way that provides policymakers with the information to make decisions to benefit American citizens. 1 “Our Mission.” Intelligence.gov. Web. http://www.intelligence.gov/mission/. 2 “National Security Act of 1947.” U.S. Department of State. Web. https://history.state.gov/milstones/1945-1952/national-security-act. 3 Tidd, John M. “From Revolution to Reformation: A Brief History of U.S. Intelligence.” SAIS Review of International Affairs 28.1 (2008): 5-24. Project Muse. John Hopkins University Press. Web. https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/sais_review/v028/28.1tidd.pdf 4 Tidd, John M. “From Revolution to Reformation: A Brief History of U.S. Intelligence.” SAIS Review of International Affairs 28.1 (2008): 5-24. Project Muse. John Hopkins University Press. Web. https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/sais_review/v028/28.1tidd.pdf


7

Past Intelligence Community Actions in Similar Situations: Although our committee will surround around events that have not happened in reality, the intelligence community, in cooperation with the U.S. government, have dealt with similar situations. The most current (and present) example is how the community handled the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Below is an exemplified timeline of events of tangible measures taken by the United States in order to tame the situation. The timeline is gathered from CNN’s ISIS Facts site (http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/08/world/isis-fast-facts/index.html), unless otherwise noted. June 30th, 2014: The Pentagon announces that they will be sending 300 additional troops to Iraq, bringing the total number of troops in the country to 800. Their main task is to provide additional security to the U.S. Embassy and the Baghdad airport, as well as provide support to Iraqi intelligence and security forces. August 8th, 2014: Two U.S. F/A-18 jet fighters bomb artillery of Sunni Islamic extremists in Iraq, as the president has allowed for “targeted airstrikes” protecting American citizens and interest. He has also allowed airstrikes to be used to prevent what intelligence has warned can turn into a genocide of minority groups by the ISIS fighters. August 19th, 2014: A video of British journalist, James Foley, is posted on YouTube, showing his decapitation. September 2nd, 2014: Another video is released, showing the beheading of U.S. journalist Steven Sotloff. September 11th, 2014: The CIA announces intelligence data revealing that the number of people fighting for ISIS may be three times the previous estimates. The agency estimates between 20,000 and 31,000 ISIS fighters throughout Iraq and Syria. September 13th, 2014: A third video of a Western victim is released on the web, showing the execution of British aid worker David Haines. In the video, ISIS announces a statement to the British Prime Minister, David Cameron, stating that the organization will continue its destruction if Britain continues its “evil alliance with America”. September 23rd, 2014: The United States carries out attacks against ISIS using clear targets in the city of Raqqa, Syria. September 23rd, 2014: Barack Obama says he is “proud to stand shoulder to shoulder” with Arab allies Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and United Arab Emirates. He also claims the broader coalition of countries against ISIS consists of around 40 members. This is a crucial cushion for America, as they do not stand alone in the fight against the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria.5 5 Neuman, Scott. “Obama: Coalition Against ISIS Shows “This Is Not America’s Fight Alone””. NPR. Web. http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/09/23/350877632/obama-coalition-against-isis-shows-it-is-not-americas-fight-alone


8

October 3rd, 2014: ISIS releases a fourth video in response to recent American attacks, showing the beheading of hostage Alan Henning. The organization blames Britain for joining the American-led bombing campaign against ISIS and threatens the life of American aid worker Peter Kassig. November 13th, 2014: ISIS releases a social media post with a 17-minute audio recording of an ISIS representative saying that the U.S.-led coalition against ISIS is “terrified, weak, and powerless.” He continues by declaring the coalition’s failure and that it will be “forced to send ground forces to their deaths and destruction.” At this time, President Obama plans to deploy 1,500 additional troops to Iraq. November 14th, 2014: The UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Syria concludes that ISIS has in fact committed war crimes and crimes against humanity, and leaders of these actions should be held accountable through organizations such as the International Criminal Court. November 16th, 2014: A fifth Westerners is claimed to be a victim of an ISIS beheading. Militants kill Peter Kassig, also known as Abdul-Rahman Kassig. November 21st, 2014: ISIS releases a propaganda video showing three French fighters urging French Muslims to carry out attacks in their home country. The goal is to intensify efforts to recruit foreign fighters and to spread the violence across the world.6 Keep in mind that this timeline is solely for you to get into the mindset of what can potentially happen in situations like these, as well as how the intelligence community can advise the government to react. This is not the timeline that will be used for the purposes of the committee; it is for your own research and knowledge gain. 6 Bilefsky, Dan & de la Baume, Maïa. “In A Video, ISIS Fighters Call for Attacks in France”. New York Times. Web. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/21/world/europe/video-shows-french-isis-fighters-calling-for-attacks-in-france.html?_r=0


9

Starting Scenario: Leak of Confidential Central Intelligence Agency Documents February 6th, 2015: The Intelligence Community has been informed that confidential intelligence documents are in the hands of the journalistic organization WikiLeaks. The documents contain information about a potential new terroristic group out of Syria that has been under secret surveillance by the Community for the past two years. The group is referred to as Hariq Al-Islam (The Fire of Islam) and is perceived as a threat to America’s war on terror and the spread of democratic ideals. The group is considered Islamist extremist and is continuing to recruit members in the Middle East. Additionally, the Community has documented moderate levels of activity in the European countries of England, France, Germany, and Turkey. Obviously, as the Community is aware of this, surveillance has been conducted in these countries, which is documented in detail on the leaked documents. The European countries at hand are currently not aware that they have been under U.S. surveillance. As of now, we have no knowledge on who leaked the information. Members of the Intelligence Community along with the White House Press Secretary and U.S. Secretary of State have been called into a special session to handle the crisis at hand as well as any other events to follow. Although the Intelligence Community agencies are not technically policy makers, they do advise senior politicians on what to do on security issues. For the purpose of the committee, agencies will be given substantial action power. Questions to consider about the situation:

• Who leaked the documents? • How can the committee contain the leaked information? • How can the different agencies contribute to a possible response if the

information was to leak? o To what extent should the public be exposed, and how should their

reaction be kept under control? (This applies to both the American and foreign public.)

• What will a leak mean for relationships with the countries at hand? • How do you predict a response from Hariq Al-Islam? • Should the committee prepare military strategies?

It is a good idea for committee members to go through these questions and know their stance on them before entering committee. Hopefully, this will help you articulate a position on the issue at hand. Please keep in mind that these questions are not guaranteed prominence, and other questions will arise as the committee moves forward.


10

Members of the Committee Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): John O. Brennan, Director The CIA is responsible for providing national security intelligence to senior policy makers7. They collect, analyze, evaluate, and disseminate foreign intelligence from both open sources, such as foreign media translations, and closed sources through space satellites, foreign officers, and information analysts. The director of the CIA is appointed by the president and approved by the Senate and will report directly to and lead under the direction of the President of the United States. President Obama is the only individual who can order the CIA to participate in covert action – however, this is usually under the advise of the National Security Council (NSC).8 The agency specializes in foreign intelligence, meaning that they are restricted to gather information on U.S. citizens by law, unless they have probable cause to believe a citizen is involved in foreign intelligence issues or terroristic actions. Department of Energy Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence: Director Steven K. Black The U.S. Department of Energy hosts the Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, which focuses on protecting security information and technology. They leverage the Department of Energy’s scientific and technological expertise, while assisting policy makers as well as other intelligence missions from defense, energy security, homeland security, and cyber security.9 The agency is a resource in four main areas: nuclear weapons and nonproliferation, energy security, science and technology, and nuclear energy, safety, and waste. They oversee DOE laboratories and handle the reach of the Department of Energy on an international basis.10 The office is also specifically responsible for providing specialized technological applications and expertise to applicable sources. Department of Homeland Security: Secretary Jeh Johnson The mission of the Department of Homeland Security states: “The vision of homeland security is to ensure a homeland that is safe, secure, and resilient against terrorism and other hazards.”11 Furthermore, they have five specific areas of responsibilities: 1. Prevent terrorism and enhancing security, 2. Secure and manage U.S. borders, 3. Enforce and administer immigration laws, 4. Safeguard and secure cyberspace, and 5. Ensure resilience to disasters.12 Jeh Johnson currently serves as the fourth secretary of the

7 “Today’s CIA.” Cia.gov. Web. https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/todays-cia 8 “FAQs”. Cia.gov. Web. https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/faqs 9 Black, Steven K. “Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence”. Energy.gov. Web. http://energy.gov/office-intelligence-and-counterintelligence 10 “Department of Energy; Office of Intelligence”. Fas.org. Web. http://fas.org/irp/agency/doe/ 11 “Our Mission” dhs.gov. Web. http://www.dhs.gov/our-mission 12 Our Mission” dhs.gov. Web. http://www.dhs.gov/our-mission


11

organization. He was previously in the Department of Defense, and has substantial experience on military issues and directing troops.13 Department of the Treasury: Secretary of the Treasury Jacob Lew The Department of Treasury’s role in the Intelligence Community is to maintain a strong economy at home and abroad through ensuring opportunities for economic growth and jobs for American citizens.14 The agency is responsible for ensuring financial security for the United States. They control the production of currency, revenue collection, borrowing funds for the government to run smoothly, and advise the United States President on financial and economic issues, among many other things. The Department of the Treasury is also held accountable for foreseeing and preventing economic disasters and to work towards a sustainable economy with a raised standard of living. Jacob Lew has served as the Secretary of the Treasury since February 2013. Before that, he served as the White House Chief of Staff, a place where he maintains strong connections.15 Defense Intelligence Agency: Director David Shedd The Defense Intelligence Agency is an office within the Department of Defense and functions as the department’s combat support agency.16 The agency is thereby one of the largest producers of foreign military intelligence for the United States, and they also play a part in acquiring weapon systems. The DIA’s main responsibility is to advise policymakers and warfighters during times of conflict and war; they work to win today’s wars, preventing strategic surprise, deterring conflict, and preparing to defeat future threats.17 The leadership of the organization rotates between the Army, Navy, and Air Force about every three years. Currently, the DIA is lead by Director David Shedd, who was named the director in August 2014.18 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): Director James Comey The FBI has the responsibility of understanding, finding, and penetrating national and international groups who are interpreted as wishing to and have the capability of inflicting harm on the United States.19 It serves as the principal investigative branch of the U.S. Department of Justice and is a threat-focused part of the Intelligence Community. Unlike other members of the Community, the FBI has responsibilities within the United States as well as abroad, as its mission is to defend the country against 13 “Secretary Jeh Johnson” dhs.gov. Web. http://www.dhs.gov/secretary-jeh-johnson 14 “Duties and Functions of the U.S. Department of the Treasury”. Treasury.gov. Web. http://www.treasury.gov/about/role-of-treasury/Pages/default.aspx 15 “Secretary of the Treasury” treasury.gov. Web. http://www.treasury.gov/about/Pages/Secretary.aspx 16 “Our Strength Lies in Who We Are” Intelligence.gov. Web. http://www.intelligence.gov/mission/member-agencies.html 17 “Overall DIA Strategic Plan”. Dia.mil. Web. http://www.dia.mil/About/Strategy.aspx 18 “David R. Shedd – Acting Director” dia.mil. Web. http://www.dia.mil/About/Leadership/ArticleView/tabid/3982/Article/6958/david-r-shedd.aspx 19 Our Strength Lies in Who We Are” Intelligence.gov. Web. http://www.intelligence.gov/mission/member-agencies.html


12

terrorism and foreign intelligence threats as well as to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the U.S.20 James B. Comey was sworn in on September 4, 2013, after having served as the deputy attorney general at the Department of Justice, as well as the senior vice president at Lockheed Martin.21 National Security Agency/ Central Security Service: Admiral Michael S. Rogers Admiral Michael S. Rogers serves as the Commander of the U.S. Cyber Command and Director of the National Security Agency/ Chief of Central Security Service (NSA/CSS). The National Security Agency/ Central Security Service serves to protect U.S. information by coordinating, directing, and performing highly specialized activities.22

The goal of the organization is to keep a network advantage and maintain a responsive presence in order to hold global cryptologic dominance. This is done through preventing foreign adversaries access to classified and sensitive United States documents and collecting intelligence information from foreign signals to be used for intelligence or counterintelligence purposes and to strengthen the military defense. The head of this organization is mostly responsible for dealing with national foreign intelligence and protecting the U.S. national security information systems.23 Air Force Intelligence: Major General John Shanahan Major General John Shanahan serves as the commander of the Air Force Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Agency (AFISRA). This organization provides information dealing with applications, capabilities, resources, and products of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance and reporting those to the National Security Agency and Central Security Service, as well as commanding Air Force officials. The commander of AFISRA has recently called for the efforts of this organization to be refocused to three major realms of cyber, space, and human intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance and moving away from technology that can be victimized by more advanced foreign technology, in favor of different technology and strategy.24 Army Intelligence: Major General George J. Franz III Major General George J. Franz III serves as the commander of the U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM). This organization is in charge of conducting intelligence, security, and information operations that are used by military commanders and national decision makers.25 It is prepared to deal with such issues as weapons proliferation, cyber warfare, and modern terrorism by using the Information

20 “Frequently Asked Questions”. Fbi.gov. Web. http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/faqs 21 “Executives”. Fbi.gov. Web. http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/executives 22 “Our Strength Lies in Who We Are.” Intelligence.gov. Web. http://www.intelligence.gov/mission/member-agencies.html 23 “NSA/CSS Mission, Vision, Values.” Nsa.gov. Web. https://www.nsa.gov/about/values/index/shtml 24 Mehta, Aaron. “Air Force eyes the future of IRS.” Airforcetimes.com. Web. http://www.airforcetimes.com/article/20140220/NEWS04/302200016/Air-Force-eyes-future-ISR 25 “The INCSOM Story.” Inscom.army.mil. Web. https://www.inscom.army.mil/organization/History.aspx


13

Dominance Center to gather and analyze large amounts of data from different sources to provide commanders and national law enforcement agencies with relevant and pressing information.26 The commander of this organization is in charge of the entirety of INSCOM, including its ten major subordinate commands and its smaller units. Coast Guard Intelligence: Rear Admiral Robert E. Day, Jr. Rear Admiral Robert E. Day Jr. is Commander of the Coast Guard Cyber Command, as well as Assistant Commandant for Command, Control, Communications, Computers & Information Technology (C4IT). This organization deals with safeguarding the coast guard network that reaches over 45,000 coast guard members, as well as some representatives within the Department of Homeland Security, to ensure that networks and information are secure.27 The Coast Guard splits its attention between domestic security and military operations and therefore has other roles as well. Some of these include overseeing military cyber attacks and defensive maneuvers, as well as, for example, assessing the value of computers, GPS and other technologies used by pirates or drug smugglers.28 Day heads up this small organization in efforts to strengthen the Coast Guard’s cyber influence. U.S. Marine Corps, Marine Corps Intelligence Agency: Brigadier General Michael S. Groen Brigadier General Michael S. Groen is the Director of Intelligence for the Marine Corps Intelligence Agency. This Intelligence Community focuses on policy, plans, programming, budgets, and staff supervision of intelligence that affect the Marine Corps as a whole.29 It has responsibility over geospatial intelligence, signals intelligence, human intelligence, and counterintelligence. Groen serves as the functional manager for intelligence, counterintelligence, and cryptologic matters making it his priorities to continue combat effectiveness by preserving the U.S. technical edge, adapting U.S. intelligence efforts to the changing times, and investing in human capital.30 U.S. Navy, Naval Intelligence: Rear Admiral Elizabeth L. Train Rear Admiral Elizabeth L. Train is the director of the National Maritime Intelligence Office and the commander of the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI). The purpose of the ONI is to hold an advantage over American adversaries by producing meaningful 26 “The INCSOM Story.” Inscom.army.mil. Web. https://www.inscom.army.mil/organization/History.aspx 27 Rico, Antonieta. “Coast Guard Cyber Unit Fights for Secure Network.” Navy Times. 20 July 2013. Web. http://www.navytimes.com/article/20130720/NEWS03/307200007/Coast-Guard-cyber-unit-fights-secure-network 28 Sternstein, Aliya. “Qualifying Cyber Command Staff Is Harder Than You Think.” Nextgov. 14 Apr. 2014. Web. http://www.nextgov.com/cybersecurity/2014/04/cyber-warrior-training-no-easy-task/82498/ 29 “Headquarters, United States Marine Corps.” Intelligence Department Leaders” DIRINT. Web. http://www.hqmn.marines.mil/intelligence/Leaders/DIRINT.aspx 30 “Q&A: Brigadier General (Select) Michael Groen.” Knimediagroup. 22. Oct. 2013. Web. http://www.kmimediagroup.com/tactical-isr-technology/438-articles-tisrt/q-a-brigadier-general-select-michael-groen/5132-q-a-brigadier-general-select-michael-groen


14

maritime intelligence and quickly relaying that to key tactical and strategic decision makers.31 The organization can perform analysis and produce intelligence on worldwide scientific and technical developments, military research, military production and proliferation, military systems characteristics and performance, foreign naval forces leadership, and identify and track merchant shipping. The commander of the ONI is in charge of its four subordinate units as well, including the Nimitz Operational Intelligence Center, Farragut Technical Analysis Center, Kennedy Irregular Warfare Center, and Hopper Information Services Center.32 White House Press Secretary: Josh Earnest Josh Earnest serves as the White House Press Secretary. As such, he acts predominantly as the spokesperson for the United States government to the American people. He relays not just the president’s policy, but also that of certain senior executives, as well as information from the intelligence community, and publishes these statements to the general public. Agencies may release statements themselves, however, if the statements are to come from the office of the president, they must first go through the Press Secretary. This position is vital to appease the American public during times of crisis and concern by keeping them constantly updated with new press releases. Department of State: U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry John Kerry serves as the current Secretary of State, heading the U.S. Department of State (DoS). The DoS is a member of the intelligence community and is in charge of maintaining the international relations of the United States and helping to apply the President’s foreign policy. Kerry is the president’s principal foreign policy advisor and participates in negotiations with other countries, specifically or at conference, and advises the president on the appointment of diplomatic representatives to other countries. The Bureau of Intelligence and Research, an organization within this department, provides the Secretary of State with real-time global intelligence developments and ensures that the intelligence efforts support foreign policy and national security.33

31 “Our Mission.” Office of Naval Intelligence. Web. http://www.oni.navy.mil/This_is_ONI/our_mission.html 32 “Office of Naval Intelligence.” Office of Naval Intelligence. Web. http://www.oni.navy.mil/commands/oni.html 33 “Bureau of Intelligence and Research.” State.gov. U.S. Department of State. Web. http://www.state.gov/s/inr/


15

Suggested Readings/Research http://www.businessinsider.com/17-agencies-of-the-us-intelligence-community-2013-5 If you have any questions about your individual agencies or some of the common misconceptions surrounding them/the public’s view of them, this is a good place to start. It doesn’t provide too much information on specific powers but details a bit of how the public views these agencies, their mission, and the budget if it is known. (Press “Click here to see the spy network” once you get to the page to view all the agencies.) http://fas.org/irp/eprint/overview.pdf This details each of the branches of the U.S. Intelligence Community. You may read about the organization you will be representing and what they can do, as well as the other organizations in this committee. Focus only on those organizations represented in this committee, as some of the information in this article dealing with other organizations will not be relevant. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/14/isis-still-baffles-us-intelligence-agencies.html This article is a good starting point to see how the U.S. Intelligence Community initially responded to the ISIS threat. It shows the thoughts they were having on how to combat ISIS initially, as well as shows how difficult it was for them to determine the number of members of the rebel group and how to take action. http://www.cnn.com/2014/11/17/politics/obama-hostages-review/ This article details the U.S. and the Intelligence Community’s reaction to a situation in which ISIS took a U.S. citizen hostage. This article will fill you in on how the U.S. and the Intelligence Community currently responds to these hostage situations. Keep in mind that it may be subject to change. ***These are just a few starting point articles to read. Remember that we will be posting more to our blog (www.usintelligencecommunity.wordpress.com) up until the conference begins.