uganda - internal displacement monitoring centre

Kayah Li (Western Red Karen) Language Lessons

by

H. Anne Helgerson

Orig. Technical Paper # 36

Payap University

September 1998

Revised & Updated by Khu Hte Reh

October 2009

Abstract

This book presents a structured series of language learning lessons intended to help a person

to systematically learn the Kayah Li (Western Red Karen/Karenni) language. Each lesson

contains a dialogue, grammar and vocabulary drills, lesson vocabulary and additional phrases

and vocabulary.

The lessons are preceded by an introduction which presents the essential aspects of Kayah

phonology, a knowledge of which would be helpful to those using the lessons. The unique

orthography used by the Kayah people themselves is also introduced for those who would like

to explore this area further.

Notes on Language and People Terms: Karenni (Karen-red) refers to all the minority people groups who are from Karenni State

(renamed to Kayah State) in Myanmar. Kayah refers to the largest of the minority groups and

is the name that the Kayah use to refer to themselves as well as their language. The Kayah

speak different dialects of the Kayah Li (red) language. In this book, the Western dialect of

the Kayah language will be taught which in English is referred to as Western Red Karen.

Table of contents

Foreword 1

Introduction 2

Linguistic background 2

Kayah (W. Red Karen) phonology 2

Kayah (W. Red Karen) orthography 4

Lesson 1: Greetings 7

Lesson 2: Learning to speak Kayah (W. Red Karen) 9

Lesson 3: Family 11

Lesson 4: Occupations 14

Lesson 5: A visit 16

Lesson 6: At the market 19

Lesson 7: Looking for someone 22

Lesson 8: The weather 25

Lesson 9: Cooking food 28

Lesson 10: Sickness 31

Lesson 11: Weaving 34

Lesson 12: Clothing 37

Lesson 13: Tending animals 40

Lesson 14: Planting a garden 43

Lesson 15: Fishing 46

Lesson 16: Hunting 49

Lesson 17: Building a house 52

Lesson 18: School 55

Foreword

Purpose of the Language Lessons

These language lessons will be useful to anyone wishing to study or learn the Kayah

(Western Red Karen) language. In order to use these lessons, a basic knowledge of

English is required, as well as the ability to read phonetic script (IPA - International

Phonetic Alphabet). Additionally, these lessons could be used by a speaker/reader of

Kayah to improve his or her English skills.

A further purpose of these language lessons is to contribute to the body of knowledge

about the Kayah language.

Research Methodology

The basic language-learning phrases, dialogues, sentence patterns and drills were

originally elicited from a native speaker of Kayah residing in Chiang Mai. The phrases,

dialogues and terms were checked at different stages for spelling, naturalness and

accuracy by a number of native language speakers who have advanced literacy skills.

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in the language lessons:

sing. singular

lit. literally

clsf. classifier

colloq. colloquial use, common speech

form. formal use, used in writing more than speaking

Introduction

1. Linguistic background1

The Kayah language is a Central Karenic language. It is spoken in Kayah State of

Myanmar and in Mae Hong Son province of northwest Thailand. The number of Kayah

people is estimated to be 210,000 (Grimes 1996).

2. Kayah Phonology

Syllable structure

There are four syllable types in Kayah: V, CV, CCV and CCCV. The CV syllable

pattern is the most common. Tones occur on the nucleus of the syllable, as does

breathiness. A single diphthong /ɯə/ is treated as one vowel.

Words in Kayah can be one, two or three syllables long. Compound words are also fairly

common.

Consonants:

Bil

ab

ial

Lab

io-

Den

tal

Den

tal

Alv

eola

r

Post

-

Alv

eola

r

Ret

rofl

ex

Pala

tal

Vel

ar

Glo

ttal

Plosive voiceless p t k

voiceless

aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ

voiced b d

Fricative voiceless (Ө) sʰ ʃ ʂ x h

voiced v z

Afficate voiced ʤ

Nasal voiced m n ɲ ŋ

Tap r

Lateral l

Approximant w j

Note: /ɲ/ is considered by Mr. Hte Reh to be an allophone of /ŋ/ . However, since the

Kayah separate these two elements in their own orthography, I have treated them as

separate for this research.

1 much of the information in this introduction comes from Mr. Hte Reh 1995.

Consonant clusters

The following consonant clusters are found in Kayah:

kj- kw- pj- pw- sʰj- sʰw-

kl- klj- klw- pl- plj- plw- zj-

kr- krj- krw- pr- prj- prw- ʂ j- ʂ w-

vj-

kʰj- kʰw- pʰj- pʰw- ʤj- ʤw-

tj- tw- bj- bw-

tʰj- tʰw rj- rw-

dj- dw- nj- nw- lj- lw-

mj- mw- jw-

ŋj- hj-

Vowels:

Front Central Back

unround round unround round unround round

Close i ɯ u

Close-mid e ə o

Open-mid ԑ ɔ

Open a

There is also a diphthong /ɯə / which is treated as a single vowel.

All vowels, including the diphthong, have a breathy conterpart. These are written

phonetically using the subscript umlaut, for example: /a/̤ /ə/̤ /ɔ/̤ /ɯ̤ə/

Tone

Kayah has four tones which will be marked as follows:

low (¹)

mid (³)

high-mid (unmarked)

3. Kayah Orthography

The Kayah orthography was first designed by Mr. Thae Bu Phae, a Kayah leader, in the

late 1950’s.

Consonants:

A /k/ M /pʰ/ V /h/ D /ŋ/

B /kʰ/ P /b/ W /v/ Q /r/

I /t/ UE /ʂ/ G /z/ S /l/

J /tʰ/ F /sʰ/ N /m/ T /w/

O /d/ X /ʤ/ K /n/ R /j/

L /p/ U /Ө/ H /ɲ/

Notes:

There are two additional symbols used. The symbol “C” is used for the sound of “g” in

some loan words. Most often this symbol is used as part of a vowel symbol (see next

section).

The symbol “E” is used for the sound “s” found in loan words.

Vowels:

a /a/ d /o/ g /u/

b /ə/ e /ɯ/ h /e/

c /i/ ak /ԑ/ i /ɔ/

In the Kayah orthography, breathiness is written by placing “V” (also used as “h”)

before the vowel that is breathy. For example: KVakp /nԑ̤¹/ ‘you’.

The non-breathy version of /ɯə/ is written in the following way:

consonant + Rb for example: KRbp /nɯə¹/ ‘that’.

The breathy version /ɯ̤ə/ is written in the following way:

examples:

consonant + VCb LVCb /pɯ̤ə/ ‘older sibling’

consonant + VCb dpAVCb /o¹kɯ̤ə/ ‘to rest’

Consonant clusters

cluster breathy

counterpart

cluster breathy

counterpart

cluster breathy

counterpart

kj- AR- AVR- kw- AT- ATV-

kl- AS- ASV- klj- ASR- ASVR- klw- AST- ASTV-

kr- AQ- AQV- krj- AQR- AQVR- krw- AQT- AQTV-

pj- LR- LVR- pw- LT- LTV-

pl- LS- LSV- plj- LSR- LSVR- plw- LST- LSTV-

pr- LQ- LQV- prj- LQR- LQVR- prw- LQT- LQTV-

kʰj- BR- - nj- KR- KVR- sʰj- FR- -

kʰw- BT- - nw- KT- KTV- sʰw- FT- -

tj- IR- - mj- NR- NVR- Өj- UR- -

tw- IT- - mw- NT- NTV- Өw- UT- -

tʰj- JR- - ŋj- DR- -

tʰw- JT- - zj- OR- OVR-

dj- OR- - rj- QR- QVR- vj- WR- WVR-

dw- OT- - rw- QT- QTV- ʤj- XR- XVR-

pʰj- MR- - lj- SR- SVR- ʤw- XT- XTV-

pʰw- MT- - lw- ST- STV-

bj- PR- - jw- RT- -

bw- PT- - hj- VR- -

Note that “V”, used to indicate breathiness, is usually placed directly before the vowel it

modifies. An exception is when “R” /j/ is the second or third letter in a cluster. In this

case, “R” is written between the “V” and the vowel.

Tones:

The four tones are written in the following way in the Kayah orthography. The vowel

“a” /a/ is used as an example.

low ap

mid aq

high mid unmarked

high ao

Lesson 1: Greetings

1.1 Dialogue

A. Hello. tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹ IVakpQRaPakp KVakp

B. Have you finished eating? nE-¹ e¹ tHµ´³ hç E-³ KVakp hp JRbq Vi VVakq ?

A. I’ve finished eating. e¹ tHµ´³ hç hp JRbq Vi

B. Where are you going? nE-¹ dZµ´ bite³ KVakp XRb PcIhq ?

A. I’m going traveling for

fun/visiting. va³ dZµ´ o¹le³ prE Waq XRb dpShq LQf

I’m going now. dZµ´ hç XRb Vi

1.2 Drills

Drill 1:

I am going visiting. vavavava³ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ o¹le³ Waq XRbWaq XRbWaq XRbWaq XRb dpShq

to the village. d´ dç³ Ob Oiq

to town. d´ vi–³ku³ Ob WVcqAgq

to the forest. d´ mi–¹klE³ Ob NVcpASakq

Drill 2:

I am eating (rice). vavavava³ e¹ ( di³ ) WaqWaqWaqWaq hp (Ocq )

going. dZµ´ XRb

bathing. i¹lµ-́ tHje³ cpSVCb JRhq

1.3 Lesson vocabulary

I va³ Waq to; at d´ Ob

you (sing.) nE-¹ KVakp village dç³ Oiq

to go; walk dZµ´ XRb town vi–³ ku³ WVcqAgq

to walk for fun;

go visiting dZµ´ o¹le³ XRb dpShq jungle mi–-¹ klE³ NVcpASakq

to eat (lit. to eat

rice) e¹ di³ hp Ocq question marker E-³ VVakq

to bathe i¹lµ-́ tHje³ cpSVCb JRhq where bite³ PcIhq

already hç /

tHµ´³ hç

Vi /

JRbq Vi

1.4 Additional phrases

Hello (to more than one person) tE-¹rjabE¹ Ti³ IVakpQRaPakp Ucq

See you tomorrow. mjatHje¹ sHjepa¹ro³ NRaJRhp FRhLapQdq

How are you? nE-¹ o¹mo-¹ o¹rja E-³ KVakp dpNVdp dpQRa VVakq ?

I am fine. va³ o¹mo-¹ o¹rja prE Waq dpNVdp dpQRa LQf

Thank you tE-¹bwi IVakpPTc

Lesson 2: Learning to speak Red Karen

2.1 Dialogue

A. Can you speak Red

Karen? nE-¹ hebE¹dZja- ka¹ja³li–¹ No–

E-³

KVakp VhPakpXVRa AapRaqSVcp DVd VVakq ?

B. I can speak a little va³ hebE¹dZja- ta¹ki¹ prE Waq VhPakpXVRa IapAcp LQak

A. Is Red Karen difficult to

speak? hebE¹ ka¹ja³li–¹ No- a¹pja- E-³ VhPakp AapRaqSVcp DVd apLVRa

VVakq

B. It’s not difficult. a¹pja- na to¹ apLVRa Ka Idp

A. From what country do

you come? nE-¹ o¹d´ ke- bite³ KVakp dpOb AVh PcIhq ?

B. I come from Canada. va³ o¹d´ kHEne-¹da¹ Waq dpOb BakKVhpOap

A. Where do you live? nE-¹ o¹ bite³ KVakp dp PcIhq ?

B. I am living in Chiang Mai va³ o¹d´ ki¹ma³ Waq dpOb AcpNaq

A. I’m going back now. ka-¹ hç AVap Vi

B. See you again sometime. mjatHje¹ no¹ po- pa–³ NRaJRhp Kdp LVd LVaq

2.2 Drills

Drill 1:

Can you speak Red Karen? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ hebE¹ dZjadZjadZjadZja- ka ka ka ka¹jajajaja³li–li–li–li–¹ NoNoNoNo---- E- E- E- E-³

KVakp KVakp KVakp KVakp VhPakp XVRa AapRaqSVcp XVRa AapRaqSVcp XVRa AapRaqSVcp XVRa AapRaqSVcp DVdDVdDVdDVd VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?

read nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ h´ dZjadZjadZjadZja- ka ka ka ka¹jajajaja³li–li–li–li–¹ aaaa¹lililili¹ E- E- E- E-³

KVakp KVakp KVakp KVakp Vb XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp VVakq XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp VVakq XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp VVakq XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp VVakq ?

write nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ ra³ dZjadZjadZjadZja- ka ka ka ka¹jajajaja³li–li–li–li–¹ lililili¹plçplçplçplç¹ E- E- E- E-³

KVakKVakKVakKVakp p p p Qaq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip VVakq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip VVakq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip VVakq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip VVakq ?

Drill 2:

I can speak a little. vavavava³ hebE¹ dZja- tadZja- tadZja- tadZja- ta¹kikikiki¹ prE prE prE prE WaqWaqWaqWaq VhPakp XVRa IapAcp LQak XVRa IapAcp LQak XVRa IapAcp LQak XVRa IapAcp LQak

read h´ Vb

write ra³ Qaq

Drill 3:

I can’t speak Red Karen. vavavava³ hebE¹ dZja- kadZja- kadZja- kadZja- ka¹jajajaja³li–li–li–li–¹ No-No-No-No- to to to to¹

Waq Waq Waq Waq VhPakp XVRa AapRaqSVcp XVRa AapRaqSVcp XVRa AapRaqSVcp XVRa AapRaqSVcp DVdDVdDVdDVd Idp Idp Idp Idp

read vavavava³ h´ dZjadZjadZjadZja- ka ka ka ka¹jajajaja³li–li–li–li–¹ aaaa¹lililili¹ totototo¹

Waq Waq Waq Waq Vb XVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp IdpXVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp IdpXVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp IdpXVRa AapRaqSVcp apScp Idp

write vavavava³ ra³ dZjadZjadZjadZja- ka ka ka ka¹jajajaja³li–li–li–li–¹ lililili¹plçplçplçplç¹ totototo¹

Waq Waq Waq Waq Qaq XVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip IdpXVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip IdpXVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip IdpXVRa AapRaqSVcp ScpLSip Idp


to speak hebE¹ VhPakp just; only prE LQak

to read h´ Vb negative to¹ Idp

to write ra³ Qaq few; a little ta¹ki¹ IapAcp

to be able to dZja- XVRa difficult a¹pja- apLVRa

to see mjatHje¹ NRaJRhp country ke- AVh

later no¹ Kdp Red Karen

language ka¹ja³li–¹ No---- AapRaqSVcp

DVd

again po- LVd Red Karen

alphabet ka¹ja³li–¹

a¹li¹

AapRaqSVcp

apScp

to return; go

back ka-¹ AVap

Red Karen

letters, words ka¹ja³li–¹

li¹plç¹

AapRaqSVcp

ScpLSip

to be; have; live o¹ dp


Please speak slowly. kHjaTEdo³ hebE¹ zç-³ ta¹ki¹ BRaUakOdq VhPakp GViq IapAcp

Please say it again. kHjaTEdo³ he po- t´¹hµ¹ BRaUakOdq Vh LVd IbpVep

I don’t understand

clearly. va³ TE¯e³ ta-³ pluto¹ Waq UakHhq IVaqLSgIdp

How is it said? he pHute³ Vh MgIhq ?

Did I say it correctly? va³ he a¹to³ E-³ Waq Vh apIdq VVakq ?

Yes, it was correct. a¹to³ apIdq

No, it was not correct. a¹to³to¹ apIdqIdp

Lesson 3: Family

3.1 Dialogue

A. What is your name? nE-¹ mwi–³ na u³pe³ KVakp NTVcq Ka gqLhq ?

B. My name is ____. va³ mwi–³ na ___________ Waq NTVcq Ka ____

A. Are you married? nE-¹ kHo³mE-³ tHµ´³ hç E-³ KVakp BdqNVakq JRbq Vi VVakq ?

B. No, I’m not married. va³ kHomE-³ hito¹ Waq BdqNVakq VcIdp

A. How many siblings

(including yourself) do you

have?

nE-¹ pµ-́ vja- o¹ ba prE-¹ te³ KVakp LVCbWVRa dp Pa LQVakp Ihq ?

B. I have two siblings. va³ pµ-́ vja- o¹ nje³ prE-¹ Waq LVCbWVRa dp KRhq LQVakp

I have one older brother. va³ vja- prE-¹kHu³ o¹ t´¹prE-¹

prE

Waq WVRa LQVakpBgq dp IbpLQVakp LQf

I have no sisters. va³ pµ-́ vja- prE-¹mç¹ o¹to¹ Waq LVCbWVRa LQVakpNip dpIdp

A. Where is your brother living

now? kHo³¯a nE-¹ vja- prE-¹kHu³ o¹

bite³

BdqHVa KVakp WVRa LQVakpBgq dp PcIhq ?

B. My brother lives in Canada. va³ vja- prE-¹kHu³ o¹

d´ kHEne¹da¹

Waq WVRa LQVakpBgq dp Ob BakKhpOap

He is married. a¹ kHo³mE-³ tHµ´³hç ap BdqNVakq JRbqVi

He has two children. a¹ pHu o¹ nje³ prE-¹ prE ap Mg dp KRhq LQVakp LQf

3.2 Drills

Drill 1:

Do you have a/an younger sister? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹

pµ-́ prE-¹mç¹ o o o o¹ E- E- E- E-³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp LVCb LQVakpNip dp VVakq dp VVakq dp VVakq dp VVakq ?

older sister? vja- prE-¹mç¹ WVRa LQVakpNip

younger

brother? pµ-́ prE-¹kHu³ LVCb LQVakpBgq

older brother? vja- prE-¹kHu³ WVRa LQVakpBgq

Drill 2:

Do you have any siblings? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ pµ-́ vja- o o o o¹ E- E- E- E-³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp LVCbWVRa dp VVakq dp VVakq dp VVakq dp VVakq ?

children? pHu Mg

Drill 3:

I have a younger sister. vavavava³ pµ-́ prE-¹mç¹ o o o o¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq LVCb LQVakpNip dp dp dp dp

child. pHu Mg

I have five siblings. vavavava³ pµ-́ vja- oooo¹ ¯a- ¯a- ¯a- ¯a-³ prE- prE- prE- prE-¹ Waq Waq Waq Waq LVCbWVRa dp HVaq LQVakpdp HVaq LQVakpdp HVaq LQVakpdp HVaq LQVakp

children. pHu Mg

Drill 4:

I have two siblings. vavavava³ pµ-́ vja- oooo¹ nje nje nje nje³ prE- prE- prE- prE-¹ Waq Waq Waq Waq LVCbWVRa dp KRhq LQVakpdp KRhq LQVakpdp KRhq LQVakpdp KRhq LQVakp

children. pHu Mg

I have two siblings. vavavava³ pµ-́ vja- oooo¹ TE njeTE njeTE njeTE nje³ Waq Waq Waq Waq LVCbWVRa dp Uak KRhqdp Uak KRhqdp Uak KRhqdp Uak KRhq

children. pHu Mg

Drill 5:

I don’t have any siblings. vavavava³ pµ-́ vja- oooo¹ to to to to¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq LVCbWVRa dp Idpdp Idpdp Idpdp Idp

children. pHu Mg


he; she; it a¹ ap how many bate³ /

ba clsf. te³

PaIhq /

Pa clsf. Ihq

name mwi–³ NTVcq married kHo³mE-³ BdqNVakq

child pHu Mg form. clsf.

people prE-¹ LQVakp

who u³pe³ gqLhq colloq. clsf.

people TE Uak

and; with;

that na Ka siblings pµ-́ vja- LVCbWVRa

not yet hito¹ VcIdp younger sister pµ-́ prE-¹mç¹ LVCb LQVakpNip

one t´¹ Ibp younger brother pµ-́ prE-¹kHu³ LVCb LQVakpBgq

two nje³ KRhq older sister vja- prE-¹mç¹ WVRa LQVakpNip

five ¯a-³ HVaq older brother vja- prE-¹kHu³ WVRa LQVakpBgq

now kHo³¯a- BdqHVa

3.4 Additional vocabulary

mother mµ-́ NVCb family hi¹pHja³pHu VcpMRaqMg

father pHE³ Makq grandmother pHje³ MRhq

daughter pHu prE-¹mç¹ Mg LQVakpNip grandfather pHµ-́ ³ MVCbq

son pHu prE-¹kHu³ Mg LQVakpBgq aunt mµ-́ du¹ NVCbOgp

wife me³ Nhq uncle pHE³du¹ MakqOgp

husband vE-¹ WVakp mother-in-law prE- prE-¹mç¹ LQVak LQVakpNip

father-in-law prE- prE-¹kHu³ LQVak LQVakpBgq


How old are you? 1. nE-¹ o¹ ba na¹ hç te³ 1. KVakp dp Pa Kap Vi Ihq ?

2. nE-¹ o¹ hç ba na¹ te³ 2. KVakp dp Vi Pa Ka Ihq ?

I am ___ years old. va³ o¹ _____ na¹ hç Waq dp ____ Kap Vi

Who is the youngest (child in

your family?) 1. nE-¹ pµ-́ ka¹nja ma¹ u³pe³ 1.

KVakp LVCb AapKRa Nap gqLhq ?

2. a¹ ka¹nja l´ ma¹ u³pe³ 2. ap AapKRa Sb Nap gqLhq ?

I am the youngest. va³ ka¹nja l´ Waqp AapKRa Sb

Who is the oldest child in your

family? sE-¹ vja- a¹du¹l´ ma¹ u³pe³ KVakp WVRa OgpSb Nap gqLhq ?

Are your parents still alive? nE-¹ mµ-́ pHE³ o¹pa¹ E-³ KVakp NVCbMakq dpLap VVakq ?

Yes, they are. a¹ o¹ pa³ ap dp Laq

I’m single. 1. va³ pHuTE¹ pa³ 1. Waq MgUakp Laq

2. va³ o¹ pa¹la³ pa³ 2. Waq dp LapSaq Laq

Yes, I am married. kHo³mE-³ tHµ´³hç BdqNVakq JRbqVi

My grandfather has died. va³ pHµ-́ ³ Tje³ tHµ´³hç Waq MVCbq URhq JRbqVi

My grandmother has not died. va³ pHje³ Tje³ hito¹ Waq MRhq URhq VcIdp

My grandmother is still living. va³ pHje³ o¹pa³ Waq MRhq dpLaq

Lesson 4: Occupations

4.1 Dialogue

A. What do you do (for a

living)? nE-¹ me-¹ tE-¹pHjetE-¹me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp

IcqIhq ?

B. I am a (female) teacher. va³ ma¹ Tjoli¹ho³ Taramµ-́ Waq Nap URdScpVdq UaQaNVCb

What do you do? nE-¹ me-¹ tE-¹pHjetE-¹me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq ?

A. I am a shopkeeper. va³ ma¹ klEbja¹dZE¹ Waq Nap ASakPRapXakp

B. What does your father

do?

Is he a shopkeeper?

nE-¹ pHE³ me-¹

tE-¹pHjetE-¹me-¹ ti³te³

a¹ ma¹ klEbja¹dZE¹ E-³

KVakp Maqk NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq ?

ap Nap ASakPRapXakp VVakq ?

A. No.

He is a farmer.

ma-to¹

a¹ ma¹ prE-¹ me-¹ e¹lja-

NVaIdp

ap Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa

4.2 Drills

Drill 1:

What do you do? nE-¹ me-¹ tE-¹pHje tE-¹me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IVakpMRh IVakpNVhp IcqIhq ?

Drill 2:

I am a teacher. vavavava³ mamamama¹ Tjoli¹ho³ Tara Waq NapWaq NapWaq NapWaq Nap URdScpVdq UaQa

(female)

teacher. Tjoli¹ho³ Taramµ-́ URdScpVdq UaQaNVCb

student. Tjoli¹ho³ pHu URdScpVdq-Mg

Drill 3:

What does your father do? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ pHE³ me-me-me-me-¹ tE-tE-tE-tE-¹pHjepHjepHjepHje tE-tE-tE-tE-¹me-me-me-me-¹ ti ti ti ti³tetetete³

KVakp KVakp KVakp KVakp Maqk NVhp IVakpMRh IVakpNVhp IcqIhq NVhp IVakpMRh IVakpNVhp IcqIhq NVhp IVakpMRh IVakpNVhp IcqIhq NVhp IVakpMRh IVakpNVhp IcqIhq ?

mother mµ-́ NVCb

Drill 4:

My father is a farmer. vavavava³ pHEpHEpHEpHE³ ma ma ma ma¹ prE-¹ me-¹ e¹lja- Waq Makq NapWaq Makq NapWaq Makq NapWaq Makq Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa

shopkeeper. klEbja¹dZE¹ ASakPRapXakp

Drill 5:

What does he do? a¹ me-me-me-me-¹ tE-tE-tE-tE-¹ pHjepHjepHjepHje tE-tE-tE-tE-¹me-me-me-me-¹ ti ti ti ti³tetetete³ ap NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq NVhp IVakpMRhIVakpNVhp IcqIhq ?

she a¹ ap

Drill 6:

Is he a farmer? a¹ mamamama¹ prE-prE-prE-prE-¹ me- me- me- me-¹ e e e e¹ lja- E-lja- E-lja- E-lja- E-³ ap Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa VVakq Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa VVakq Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa VVakq Nap LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa VVakq ?

Are you nE-¹ KVakp

Are they E¹Ti³ akpUcq

Drill 7:

Yes (I am; he is). a¹ma- apNVa

No (I’m not; he isn’t). a¹ma-to¹ apNVaIdp


what ti³te³ IcqIhq

to be; live ma¹ Nap shopkeeper klEbja¹dZE¹ ASakPRapXakp

they E¹Ti³ akpUcq farmer prE-¹ me-¹

e¹lja-

LQVakp NVhp hpSVRa

yes; really a¹ma- apNVa teacher

(male) Tjoli¹ho³

Tara

URdScpVdq UaQa

no; not really a¹ma-to¹ apNVaIdp teacher

(female) Tjoli¹ho³

Taramµ-́

URdScpVdq UaQaNVCb

to work me-¹

tE-¹pHje tE-¹me-¹

NVhp IVakpMRh

IVakpNVhp

student Tjoli¹ho³

pHu

URdScpVdq-Mg


doctor tE-¹kHu¹ Taradu¹ IVakpBgp UaQaOgp we pE-¹ LVakp

nurse tE-¹kHu¹ Taramµ-́ IVakpBgp UaQaNVCb you (plural) Ti³ Ucq

fisherman prE-¹ me-¹ e¹tE-³ LQVakp NVhp hpIVakq headman dç³dZE- OiqXVak

headman po¹ka LdpAa

Lesson 5: A visit

5.1 Dialogue


B. Hello.

Come up and sit.

tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹

tHja¹ o¹nja³ d´ hi¹

IVakpQRaPakp KVakp

JRap dpKRaq Ob Vcp

A. Is this your house? je³ma¹ nE-¹ hi¹ E-³ RhqNap KVakp Vcp VVakq ?

B. Yes, it is. a¹ma- apNVa

A. What are you doing? nE-¹ me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IcqIhq ?

B. I am boiling water. va³ pHo³ tHje³ku- Waq Mdq JRhqAVg

A. What is this? je³ma¹ ti³te³ RhqNap IcqIhq ?

B. This is a kettle. je³ma¹ tHje³ku-pç-¹ RhqNap JRhqAVgLVip

A. What do you do with the boiled

water? nE-¹ pHo³ tHje³ku- rç me-¹

na ti³te³

KVakp Mdq JRhqAVg Qi NVhp Ka IcqIhq ?

B. I put it in the thermos for

drinking. va³ me-¹ na tHje³ku-sHwi

le-o³

Waq NVhp Ka JRhqAVgFTc SVhdq

5.2 Drills

Drill 1:

What is this? je³ mamamama¹ titititi³tetetete³ Rhq Nap IcqIhqNap IcqIhqNap IcqIhqNap IcqIhq ?

that? nµ´¹ KRbp

that (over there)? d´ nµ´¹ Ob KRbp

Drill 2:

What is this called? je³ mamamama¹ EEEE na ti na ti na ti na ti³tetetete³ Rhq Nap ako Ka IcqIhq Nap ako Ka IcqIhq Nap ako Ka IcqIhq Nap ako Ka IcqIhq ?

that nµ´¹ KRbp

that (over there) d´ nµ´¹ Ob KRbp

Drill 3:

This is a kettle. jejejeje³mamamama¹ tHje³ku-pç-¹ RhqNapRhqNapRhqNapRhqNap JRhqAVgLVip

water thermos. tHje³ku-sHwi JRhqAVgFTc

pot stand. lç- ßµ´¹ SVi URbp

Drill 4:

That is a blanket. nµńµńµńµ´¹ ma ma ma ma¹ hikE-³ KRbp NapKRbp NapKRbp NapKRbp Nap VcAVakq

sleeping mat. le-dE³ SVhOakq

mosquito net. hikE-³ tHç³ VcAVakq Jiq

Drill 5:

Is this your house? je³ma¹ nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ hi hi hi hi¹ E- E- E- E-³ RhqNap KVakp Vcp VVakq KVakp Vcp VVakq KVakp Vcp VVakq KVakp Vcp VVakq ?

Is that nµ´¹ma¹ KRbpNap

Drill 6:

This is my house. jejejeje³mamamama¹ va³ hi¹ RhqNapRhqNapRhqNapRhqNap Waq Vcp

This is not my house. jejejeje³mamamama¹ va³ hi¹ ma-toma-toma-toma-to¹ RhqNapRhqNapRhqNapRhqNap Waq Vcp NVaIdpNVaIdpNVaIdpNVaIdp


this je³ Rhq mosquito net hikE-³ tHç³ VcAVakq Jiq

that nµ´¹ KRbp to cook pHo³ / i¹pHo³ Mdq / cpMdq

house hi¹ Vcp water tHje³ JRhq

climb up tHja¹ JRap hot ku- AVg

to do; make me-¹ NVhp kettle tHje³ku-pç-¹ JRhqAVgLVip

to be called E ako thermos tHje³ku-sHwi JRhqAVgFTc

to sit o¹nja³ dpKRaq blanket hikE-³ VcAVakq

sentence

connector rç Qi pot stand (on

fire) lç-ßµ´¹ SViURbp

to drink o³ dq sleeping mat le-dE³ SVhOakq


umbrella kHu¹kµ-́ BgpAVCb padlock sHç³ne- FiqKVh

scissors i¹dZi–¹ cpXVcp matches mi¹pHo³plE- NcpMdqLSVak

scissors ru³re³ QgqQhq radio sHi¹li¹plwo³ FcpScpLSTdq

broom i¹du³ cpOgq towel ka¹tHo³ AapJdq

candle ta¹rEbo³ IapQakPdq bucket tHje³to JRhqId

oil lamp mi¹kç³ NcpAiq bucket pu / tHje³pu Lg / JRhqLg

flashlight mi¹dZi–¹ NcpXVcp bottle kç³ pja-³ Aiq LVRaq

keys sHç³tHi¹ FiqJcp water jar ßo³bja UdqPRa

rope ßo¹plje-¹ UdpLSVRhp soap tHµ mwo-³ Je NTVdq

basket with head

strap kri– AQVc

Lesson 6: At the market

6.1 Dialogue

A. What do you want to buy? nE-¹ TEzµ i¹pri–¹ ti³te³ KVakp UakGVe cpLQVcp IcqIhq ?

B. I want to buy fruit. va³ TEzµ- i¹pri–¹ ßç¹TE¹ Waq UakGVe cpLQVcp UipUakp

Do you have any bananas? di³klwi³TE¹ o¹ E-³ OcqASTcqUakp dp VVakq ?

A. Yes, I do.

How many do you want?

a¹ o¹

nE-¹ TEzµ- ba Tje¹ te³

ap dp

KVakp UakGVe Pa URhp Ihq?

B. Please give me one hand of

bananas. kHjaTEdo³ dje va³

t´¹Tje¹

BRaUakOdq ORh Waq IbpURhp

How much are the oranges? ßç¹sHµ³TE¹ je³ta¹he¹ ma¹

bate³

UipFeqUakp RhqIapVhp Nap PaIhq?

A. They are 10 baht per kilo. t´¹kilo a¹ ba¹sHje IbpAcSd ap PapFRh

B. I’ll take 2 kilos. va³ pHje nje³kilo Waq MRh KRhqAcSd,

6.2 Drills

Drill 1:

What do you

want to buy? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ TEzµ TEzµ TEzµ TEzµ i¹pri–¹ titititi³tetetete³ KVakp UakGVeKVakp UakGVeKVakp UakGVeKVakp UakGVe cpLQVcp IcqIhq IcqIhq IcqIhq IcqIhq ?

look for? mjapu-³ NRaLVgq

look at? mjatHje¹ NRaJRhp

sell? i¹sHE³ cpFakq

What do you need? nE-¹ lo¹bE¹ ti³te³ KVakp SdpPakp IcqIhq ?

Drill 2:

I want to buy fruit. vavavava³ TEzµ- i TEzµ- i TEzµ- i TEzµ- i¹pri–pri–pri–pri–¹ ßç¹TE¹ Waq UakGVe cpLQVcpWaq UakGVe cpLQVcpWaq UakGVe cpLQVcpWaq UakGVe cpLQVcp UipUakp

bananas. di³klwi³TE¹ OcqASTcqUakp

oranges. ßç¹sHµ³TE¹ UipFeqUakp

food. sHE¹e¹ sHE¹o³ Fakphp Fakpdq

Drill 3:

Do you have any eggs? sHje³ dje¹ oooo¹ E- E- E- E-³ FRhq ORhp dp VVakq dp VVakq dp VVakq dp VVakq ?

uncooked rice? hµ´³ VCbq

cooking oil? tHa¹ tHje³ Jap JRhq

Drill 4:

I don’t have any eggs. va³ sHje sHje sHje sHje³ dje dje dje dje¹ o¹ to¹ Waq FRhq ORhpFRhq ORhpFRhq ORhpFRhq ORhp dp Idp

I do have o¹ dp

I have many o¹ E dp ako Sdq

Drill 5:

Please

give me

a glass of

water. kHjaTEdokHjaTEdokHjaTEdokHjaTEdo³

dje va dje va dje va dje va³ tHje³ t´¹be³

BRaUakOdqBRaUakOdqBRaUakOdqBRaUakOdq ORh Waq ORh Waq ORh Waq ORh Waq JRhq IbpPhq

a plate of rice. di³ t´¹be³ Ocq IbpPhq

a hand of

bananas. di³klwi³TE¹ t´¹Tje¹ OcqASTcqUakp IbpURhp

an egg. sHje³ dje¹ t´¹plç¹ FRhq ORhp IbpLSip

Drill 6:

Five baht. ¯a-³ babababa¹ HVaq PapPapPapPap

fifty ¯a-³sHje³ HVaqFRhq

one hundred t´¹ dZwE- IbpXTVak

Drill 7:

Is this enough? aaaa¹pçpçpçpç¹ E-³ apLipapLipapLipapLip VVakq ?

This is enough. prE LQak

not enough. to¹ Idp


to want TEzµ- UakGVe market klE ASak

to sell i¹sHE³ cpFakq bananas di³klwi³TE¹ OcqASTcqUakp

to look for mjapu-³ NRaLVgq oranges ßç¹sHµ³TE¹ UipFeqUakp

to look at mjatHje¹ NRaJRhp fruit ßç¹TE¹ UipUakp

to need lo¹bE¹ SdpPakp eggs sHje³ dje¹ FRhq ORhp

many E lo³ ak Sdq uncooked rice hµ´³ VCbq

please kHjaTEdo³ BRaUakOdq cooking oil tHa¹ tHje³ Jap JRhq

to give dje ORh bunch (bananas) Tje¹ URhp

to take pHje MRh clsf. small round

things plç¹ LSip

enough a¹pç¹ apLip clsf. containers be³ Phq

today je³t´¹¯e³ RhqIbpHhq ten sHje FRh

food sHE¹e¹ sHE¹o³ Fakphp Fakpdq fifty ¯a-³ sHje HVaq FRh

one hundred t´¹dZwE- IbpXTVak


pineapple makHe³TE¹ NaBhqUakp five ¯a-³ HVaq

coconut ma u¹TE¹ Na gpUakp six sHµ´ FRb

tamarind ma¹klaTE¹ NapASaUakp seven nwo KTd

watermelon dje³lµ-TE¹ ORhqSVeUakp eight Tjo URd

jackfruit pa¹lja-TE¹ LapSVRaUakp nine da¹ Oap

mango ta¹kHjaTE¹ IapBRaUakp eleven sHje t´¹ FRh Ibp

three Tµ´³ URbq fifteen sHje ¯a-³ FRh HVaq

four lwi–³ STVcq twenty nje³ sHje KRhq FRh

Lesson 7: Looking for someone

7.1 Dialogue


B. Hello.

I’m looking for ByaReh.

tE-¹rjabE¹ nE-¹

va³ mjapu-³ bja³rE¹

IVakpQRaPakp KVakp

Waq NRaLVgq PRaqQakp

A. He’s gone to the town. a¹ dZµ´ d´ vi³ku³ ap XRb Ob WcqAgq

He went to buy food. a¹ dZµ´ i¹pri–¹

sHE¹e¹sHE¹o³

ap XRb cpLQVcp FakphpFakpdq

B. Whom did he go with? a¹ dZµ´ ro- na u³pe³ ap XRb QVd Ka gqLhq ?

A. I don’t know. va³ TE¯e³ to¹ Waq UakHhq Idp

B. How long will he be gone? a¹ dZµ´ o¹ ¯e-³ pa³ bate³ ap XRb dp HVhq Laq PaIhq ?

A. He will be gone all day. a¹ dZµ´ o¹ dZja- t´¹¯e³

mç-he

ap XRb dp XVRa IbpHhq NViVh

B. I’ll come back this evening. va³ ka-¹kHje³ je³ ta¹he

pa–³

Waq AVapBRhq RhqIapVh LVaq

7.2 Drills

Drill 1:

I’m looking for ByaReh. vavavava³ mjapu-³ bjabjabjabja³rErErErE¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq NRaLVgq PRaqQakpPRaqQakpPRaqQakpPRaqQakp

visiting dZµ´ o¹le³ XRb dpShq

speaking with hebE¹ kµ-́ ³na VhPakp AVCbqKa

Drill 2:

He’s

gone to buy something. aaaa¹ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ i¹pri-¹ ta-ta-ta-ta-³mµ-́ timµ-́ timµ-́ timµ-́ ti³tE-tE-tE-tE-¹ ap XRbap XRbap XRbap XRb cpLQVcp IVaqNVCbIcqIVakpIVaqNVCbIcqIVakpIVaqNVCbIcqIVakpIVaqNVCbIcqIVakp

to sell i¹sHE³ cpFakq

to get ni-bE¹ KVcPakp

Drill 3:

He will be gone all day. aaaa¹ dZµ´ o dZµ´ o dZµ´ o dZµ´ o¹ dZja- dZja- dZja- dZja-

t´¹¯e³mç-he

ap XRb dp XVRa ap XRb dp XVRa ap XRb dp XVRa ap XRb dp XVRa

IbpHhqNViVh

all week. t´¹klE IbpASak

Drill 4:

Who do

you want to see? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ TEzµ- TEzµ- TEzµ- TEzµ- mjatHje¹ uuuu³pepepepe³ KVakp UakGVeKVakp UakGVeKVakp UakGVeKVakp UakGVe

NRaJRhp gqLhq gqLhq gqLhq gqLhq ?

speak to? hebE¹ kµ-́ ³na VhPakp AVCbqKa

visit? dZµ´ o¹le³ kµ-́ ³na XRb dpShq AVCbqKa

Drill 5 :

Who do you believe? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ zµ- e¹ uuuu³pepepepe³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp GVe hp gqLhq gqLhq gqLhq gqLhq ?

want? TEzµ- UakGVe

need? lo¹bE¹ SdpPakp

listen to? ni-da³ uuuu³pepepepe³ hebEhebEhebEhebE¹ KVcOaq gqLhq VhPakpgqLhq VhPakpgqLhq VhPakpgqLhq VhPakp

hear? ni-hµ´ KVcVCbq

Drill 6:

I believe Mima. vavavava³ zµ- e¹ mimamimamimamima¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq GVe hp NcNapNcNapNcNapNcNap

need lo¹bE¹ SdpPakp

I hear Mima (speak). vavavava³ ni–hµ´³ mimamimamimamima¹ hebE hebE hebE hebE¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq KVcVCbq NcNap VhPakpNcNap VhPakpNcNap VhPakpNcNap VhPakp

listen to ni–da³ KVcOaq

Drill 7:

I don’t know. vavavava³ TE¯e³ totototo¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq UakHhq IdpIdpIdpIdp

understand. TE¯e³ ta-³plu UakHhq IVaqLSg

believe. zµ- e¹ GVehp

Drill 8:

When will he go? aaaa¹ dZµ´ bikHEbikHEbikHEbikHE³tetetete³ pa pa pa pa³ apapapap XRb PcBakqIhq Laq PcBakqIhq Laq PcBakqIhq Laq PcBakqIhq Laq ?

go to the market? dZµ´ d´ klE XRb Ob ASak

eat? e¹ hp

Drill 9:

He will go tomorrow. aaaa¹ dZµ´ sHjepasHjepasHjepasHjepa¹rorororo³ pa pa pa pa––––³ apapapap XRb FRhLapQdq LVaqFRhLapQdq LVaqFRhLapQdq LVaqFRhLapQdq LVaq

go to the market dZµ´ d´ klE XRb Ob ASak


future tense

marker pa–³ LVaq tomorrow sHjepa¹ro³ FRhLapQdq

go together dZµ´ro- XRbQVd day ¯e³ Hhq

with kµ-́ ³na AVCbqKa week klE ASak

long time ¯e-³ HVhq evening mç-he NViVh

to get ni-bE¹ KVcPakp night mç-kHi NViBc

to return ka-¹kHje³ AVapBRhq all day t´¹¯e³ mç-he IbpHhqNViVh

to listen to ni–da³ KVcOaq something ta-³mµ-́ ti³tE-¹ IVaqNVCbIcqIVakp

to hear ni–hµ´³ KVcVCbq to know TE¯e³ UakHhq

to believe zµ-e¹ GVehp to understand TE¯e³ ta-³ plu UakHhq IVaqLSg

when bikE³te³ PcBakqIhq


someone t´¹prE-¹prE-¹ IbpLQVakpLQVakp wherever;

anywhere bite³ bE¹bE¹ PcIhq PakpPakp

somewhere t´¹pHo¹pHo¹ IbpMdpMdp whatever;

anything ti³te³ bE¹bE¹ IcqIhq PakpPakp

whoever;

anyone u³pe³ bE¹bE¹ gqLhq PakpPakp whenever;

anytime bikHE³te³

bE¹bE¹

PcBakqIhq PakpPakp

Lesson 8: The weather

8.1 Dialogue

A. It rained very hard

yesterday. pa³henu¹ ke-dZµ-¹ du¹ ¯a¹dZç LaqVhKgp AVhXVep Ogp HapXi

B. Yes, it did. a¹ma- apNVa

A. Did you go to the city? nE-¹ dZµ´ tHµ´³hç d´

vi-³ku³ E-³

KVakp XRb JRbqVi Ob WVcqAgq VVakq ?

B. No, the road was

flooded. va³ dZµ´ hito¹

tHje³du¹ ba³ lç-³ kljaku³

Waq XRb VcIdp

JRhqOgp Paq SViq ASRaAgq

A. Do you think it is going

to rain again? ke-dZµ-¹ po-pa³ nE-¹ ta¹ne-¹ E-³ AVhXVep LVdLaq KVakp

IapKVhp VVakq ?

B. I think it will rain.

The clouds are very dark.

va³ ta¹ne-¹ na ke-dZµ-¹ pa³

lµ-́ kHi ¯a¹dZç

Waq IapKVhp Ka AVhXVep Laq

SVCbBc HapXi

A. When will you go? nE-¹ dZµ´ kHje³ bikHE³ pa³

te³

KVakp XRb BRhq PcBakq Laq Ihq ?

B. I will try again next

week. va³ jadZµ dZµ´ kHje³ no¹

pa³ t´¹klE

Waq RaXe XRb BRhq Kdp Laq IbpASak

8.2 Drills

Drill 1:

It’s very hot. ke-ku- ¯a¯a¯a¯a¹dZçdZçdZçdZç AVhAVg HapXiHapXiHapXiHapXi

rainy. ke-dZµ-¹ AVhXVep

cold. ke-ro- AVhQVd

Drill 2:

It’s too hot. ke-ku- sµlµsµlµsµlµsµlµ³ AVhAVg FeSeqFeSeqFeSeqFeSeq

windy. ke-la³TE AVhSaqUak

dusty. ta¹pro IapLQd

Drill 3:

When did it rain? ke-dZµ-¹ bikHEbikHEbikHEbikHE³tetetete³ AVhXVep PcBakqIhq PcBakqIhq PcBakqIhq PcBakqIhq ?

you come? sE-¹ hja³ KVakp VRaq

they go? E¹Ti³ dZµ´ akpUcq XRb

Drill 4:

It rained this morning. ke-dZµ-ke-dZµ-ke-dZµ-ke-dZµ-¹ je³ t´¹ro³ AVhXVepAVhXVepAVhXVepAVhXVep RhqIbpQdq

yesterday. pa³henu¹ LaqVhKgp

last night. pa¹henu¹ mç-kHi LapVhKgp NViBc

last week. d´ a¹re- t´¹klE Ob apQVh IbpASak

last month. d´ a¹re- t´¹lE³ Ob apQVh IbpSakq

last year. d´ na¹henu¹ Ob KapVhKgp

Drill 5 :

I went already. vavavava³ dZµ tHµ´ tHµ´ tHµ´ tHµ´³hçhçhçhç WaqWaqWaqWaq XRb JRbqVi JRbqVi JRbqVi JRbqVi

ate e¹ hp

heard ni–hµ´³ KVcVCbq

Drill 6:

I went to the city (already). vavavava³ dZµ dZµ dZµ dZµ

tHµ´tHµ´tHµ´tHµ´³hçhçhçhç d´ vi–³ku³

Waq XRb Waq XRb Waq XRb Waq XRb JRbqViJRbqViJRbqViJRbqVi Ob WVcqAgq

to the village d´ dç³ Ob Oiq

to the forest, jungle d´ mi–¹klE³ Ob NVcpASakq


weather sHje¹klo³ FRhpASdq hot ke-ku- AVhAVg

rain ke-dZµ-¹ AVhXVep cold ke-ro- AVhQVd

big; much du¹ Ogp mud pa¹a Lappa

very ¯a¹dZç HapXi wind ke-la³TE AVhSaqUak

too much sHµlµ³ FeSeq morning t´¹ro³ IbpQdq

have been;

already finished tHµ´³hç JRbqVi yesterday pa³henu¹ LaqVhKgp

flood tHje³du¹ JRhqOgp year na¹ Kap

all lç- SVi night mç-kHi NViBc

road kljaku³ ASRaAgq month lE³ Sakq

full ba³ Paq dusty/dirty ta¹pro IapLQd

before;

previous d´ a¹re- Ob apQVh to come hja³ VRaq

to try jadZµ RaXe cloud lµ-́ SVCb


noon mç-tHµ-́ ¹ NViJVCbp star sHE¹ Fakp

sunrise mç-tHja¹ NViJRap sun ta¹mç- IapNVi

early

morning mç-li³ NViScq moon lE³ Sakq

sunset mç-ta-³ NViIVaq lightning sHje¹li–³bç FRhpSVcqPi

warm a¹lE-¹ apSVakp thunder mçkrç-³ NiAQViq

rainbow tHje³la¹mç-sHa JRhqSapNViFa

Lesson 9: Cooking food

9.1 Dialogue

A. What are you cooking? nE-¹ pHo³e¹ ti³te³ KVakp Mdqhp IcqIhq

B. I am making curry. va³ pHo³e¹ i¹Twi Waq Mdqhp cpUTc

A. What kind of curry are you

making? nE-¹ pHo³e¹ i¹Twi ti³te³ KVakp Mdqhp cpUTc IcqIhq

B. Chicken curry. i¹Twi sHje¹zje¹ cpUTc FRhpGRhp

A. What do you eat with curry? nE-¹ e¹ i¹Twi na ti³te³ KVakp hp cpUTc Ka IcqIhq

B. The curry is eaten with rice. va¹ e¹ i¹Twi na di³ Wap hp cpUTc Ka Ocq

A. Is is ready to eat? a¹sHµ´kHE³ to³e¹ hç E-³ apFRbBakq Idqhp Vi VVakq

B The curry isn’t finished yet. i¹Twi wo³ hito³ cpUTc Tdq VcIdq

9.2 Drills

Drill 1:

What are you cooking? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ pHo³e¹ titititi³tetetete³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp Mdqhp IcqIhq IcqIhq IcqIhq IcqIhq ?

frying? i¹Nu- cpDVg

making? me-¹ NVhp

eating? e¹ hp

Drill 2:

I am eating chicken curry. vavavava³ e¹ iiii¹TwiTwiTwiTwi sHjesHjesHjesHje¹zzzzjejejeje¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq hp cpUTc FRhpGRhpcpUTc FRhpGRhpcpUTc FRhpGRhpcpUTc FRhpGRhp

am making pHwo³ e¹ MTdq hp

am throwing away vi³kja³ WcqARaq

Drill 3:

I ate rice with fish curry. vavavava³ e e e e¹ didididi³ na na na na i¹Twi tE-³ WWWWaq hp Ocq Kaaq hp Ocq Kaaq hp Ocq Kaaq hp Ocq Ka cpUTc IVakq

chicken curry. i¹Twi sHje¹zje¹ cpUTc FRhpGRhp

pork curry. i¹Twi tHjazje¹ cpUTc JRaGRhp

Drill 4:

I ate rice (ate

a meal) with my friend. vavavava³ e e e e¹ didididi³ na na na na va³ kHo³bçTjo Waq hp Ocq KaWaq hp Ocq KaWaq hp Ocq KaWaq hp Ocq Ka Waq BdqPiURd

his family. a¹ hi¹pHja³pHu ap VcpMRaqMg

Drill 5:

Do you

like (to

eat)

this curry? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ TE e TE e TE e TE e¹ i¹Twije³ E-E-E-E-³ KVakp Uak hpKVakp Uak hpKVakp Uak hpKVakp Uak hp cpUTcRhq VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?

Karenni

food? ka¹ja³li–¹pHu sHE¹e¹ AapRaqSVcp-Mg Fakphp

Drill 6:

Are you thirsty? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ TEo³tHje³ E-E-E-E-³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp UakdqJRhq VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?

hungry? TEe¹di³ UakhpOcq

Drill 7:

Yes, I do/am. a¹ma- apNVa

No, I don’t/ am not. a¹ma-to¹ apNVaIdp

Drill 8:

I haven’t eaten the curry (yet). vavavava³ e¹ sHi isHi isHi isHi i¹Twi toTwi toTwi toTwi to¹ WaqWaqWaqWaq hp Fc cpUTc IdpFc cpUTc IdpFc cpUTc IdpFc cpUTc Idp

made pHo³ e¹ Mdq hp

thrown away vi³kja³ WcqARaq

Drill 9:

I haven’t finished eating. vavavava³ e¹ tHµ´ tHµ´ tHµ´ tHµ´³ didididi³ hito hito hito hito¹ WaWaWaWaq hp JRbqJRbqJRbqJRbq Ocq VcIdpOcq VcIdpOcq VcIdpOcq VcIdp

cooking (rice). pHo³ e¹di³ Mdq hp

Drill 10:

This curry is delicious. i¹Twi jeTwi jeTwi jeTwi je³ To³ro³ cpUTc Rhq cpUTc Rhq cpUTc Rhq cpUTc Rhq UdqQdq

sweet. sHµ³vi¹ FeqWcp

sour. sHje¹ FRhp

salty. sHµ³hE³ FeqVakq

bitter. kHE¹ Bakp

spicy. a¹ hja ap VRa

bland. a¹ hjato¹ ap VRaIdp


to cook pHo³ e¹ Mdq hp curry (vegetable dish) i¹Twi cpUTc

time sHµ´kHE³ FRbBakq chicken sHje³ zje¹ FRhq GRhp

must; should to³ Idq fish tE-³ IVakq

cooked wo³ Tdq pork tHja zje¹ JRa GRhp

to fry i¹Nu- cpDVg cooked rice di³ Ocq

to throw away vi³kja³ WcqARaq friend kHo³bçTjo BdqPiURd

to want TE Uak thirsty TE o³tHje³ Uak dqJRhq

to like (to eat) TE e¹ Uak hp hungry TE e¹di³ Uak hpOcq

not yet

(colloq.) sHi to¹ Fc Idp


frying pan pç-¹tja-¹ LVipIVRap plate di³be³ OcqPhq

pot pç-¹ LVip spoon di³dZo- OcqXVd

bread kHçmu³ BiNgq cup be³du¹ PhqOgp

noodles di³t´ OcqIb knife di¹tHo OcpJd

beef pu- zje¹ LVg GRhp glass tHje³be³ JRhqPhq UipXRaq

ßç¹dZja³

Lesson 10: Sickness

10.1 Dialogue

A. I don’t feel well. a¹ mo-¹rja va³ ne-to¹ ap NVdpQRa Waq KVhIdp

B. What is your problem? a me-¹krja nE-¹ pHute³ ap NVhpAQRa KVakp MgIhq ?

A. I have a fever. va³ tE-¹ku- o¹ Waq IVakpAVg dp

I think I have malaria. va³ ta¹ne-¹ na sHwita¹nja-³o¹ Waq IapKVhp Ka FTcIapKVRaq dp

B. Have you been to the

clinic? nE-¹ dZµ´ tHµ´³hç d´

tE¹sHwihi¹ E-³

KVakp XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakpFTcVcp VVakq ?

A. Not yet. va³ dZµ´ hito¹ Waq XRb VcIdp

I think I will go there

now. va³ ta¹ne- na va³ to³

dZµ´ kHo³¯a-

Waq IapKVhp Ka Waq Idq XRb BdqHVa

B. Can I take you? va³ dZµ´Tu³ nE-¹ a¹ni– E-³ Waq XRbUgq KVakp apKVc VVakq

A. Yes.

I need your help.

a¹ma-

va³ lo¹bE¹ nE-¹ tE-¹me-¹dZjo-

apNVa

Waq SdpPakp KVakp IVakpNVhpXVRd

10.2 Drills

Drill 1:

I think I have a fever. vavavava³ t t t ta¹ne-ne-ne-ne-¹ nananana tE-¹ku- oooo¹ Waq IapKVhp KaWaq IapKVhp KaWaq IapKVhp KaWaq IapKVhp Ka IVakpAVg dp dp dp dp

a cold. ta¹kHµ IapBe

malaria. sHwita¹nja-³ FTcIapKVRaq

Drill 2:

My stomach is sore/infected. sHE-sHE-sHE-sHE-³ vavavava³ hç Fakq WaqFakq WaqFakq WaqFakq Waq Vi

throat kja-³kro¹ AVRaqAQdp

eyes mE¹TE¹plç¹ NakpUakpLSip

Drill 3:

I have been to the doctor. vavavava³ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´³hç d´ hç d´ hç d´ hç d´ tE-¹kHu¹ Tara oooo¹

WaqWaqWaqWaq XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakpBgp UaQa dpdpdpdp

to the clinic. vavavava³ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´³hç d´ hç d´ hç d´ hç d´ tE-¹sHwihi¹

WaqWaqWaqWaq XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakpFTcVcp

Drill 4:

I have been to the doctor. vavavava³ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´ dZµ´ tHµ´³hç d´ hç d´ hç d´ hç d´ tE-¹kHu¹ Tara oooo¹

WaqWaqWaqWaq XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob XRb JRbqVi Ob IVakpBgp UaQa dp dp dp dp

I have not been to the doctor. vavavava³ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´³ sHi d´ sHi d´ sHi d´ sHi d´ tE-¹kHu¹ Tara oooo¹ to to to to¹

WaqWaqWaqWaq XRb Fc Ob XRb Fc Ob XRb Fc Ob XRb Fc Ob IVakpBgp UaQa dp Idp dp Idp dp Idp dp Idp

Drill 5:

Can I help? vavavava³ me-¹dZjo- aaaa¹ni- E-ni- E-ni- E-ni- E- WaqWaqWaqWaq NVhpXVRd apKVc VVakq apKVc VVakq apKVc VVakq apKVc VVakq ?

help you? me-¹dZjo- nE-¹ NVhpXVRd KVakp

go with you? dZµ´ kµ-́ ³na nE-¹ XRb AVCbqKa KVakp

follow you? krwo-³ kµ-́ ³na nE-¹ AQTVdq AVCbqKa KVakp

Drill 6:

Yes (I can). a¹ni– apKVc

No ( I can’t). a¹ni–to¹ apKVcIdp

Drill 7:

I’m sick. vavavava³ sHwi WaqWaqWaqWaq FTc

sad. TEplE-³ UpakLSVakq

happy. TEkrµ-³ UakAQVeq

good, well. o¹mo-¹ dpNVdp

angry. TEplç¹du¹ UakLSipOgp

tired. TEpra UakLQa

Drill 8

I have both a fever and headache. va³ tE-¹ku- oooo¹ tHµ´ tHµ´ tHµ´ tHµ´³ sHE³ kHu¹klç

Waq IVakpAVg dp JRbqdp JRbqdp JRbqdp JRbq Fakq BgpASi

I have neither a fever nor a headache. va³ tE-¹ku- oooo¹ pa pa pa pa³totototo¹ kHu¹klç sHE³ papapapa³totototo¹ to to to to¹

Waq IVakpAVg dp LaqIdpdp LaqIdpdp LaqIdpdp LaqIdp BgpASi Fakq LaqIdp IdpLaqIdp IdpLaqIdp IdpLaqIdp Idp

I have either a fever or headache. va³ tE-¹ku- oooo¹ rçrçrçrç kHu¹klç sHE³ kµ-́kµ-́kµ-́kµ-́ ³ dja dja dja dja¹

Waq IVakpAVg dp Qi dp Qi dp Qi dp Qi BgpASi Fakq AVCbq ORapAVCbq ORapAVCbq ORapAVCbq ORap


fever tE-¹ku- IVakpAVg malaria sHwita¹nja-³ FTcIapKVRaq

to think taπne-π IapKVhp disease;

sickness tE-¹sHwi IVakpFTc

to send; take Tu³ Ugq sore; infected sHE³ Fakq

nominalizer tE-¹ IVakp throat kja-³kro¹ AVRaqAQdp

to help me-¹dZjo- NVhpXVRd eyes mE¹TE¹plç¹ NakpUakpLSip

to feel sick sHwi FTc clinic; hospital tE-¹sHwihi¹ IVakpFTcVcp

how pHute³ MgIhq a cold ta¹kHµ IapBe

to be able; can a¹ni– apKVc stomach

(abdomen) hç Vi

to follow krwo-³ AQTVdq


body ne- KVh stomach pHµ-́ ³ MVCbq

tuberculosis tHi¹bi¹ JcpPcp head kHu¹klç BgpASi

flu TE ç Uak i nose kHa³pHµ-́ ³ BaqMVCbq

diarrhea sHE³hçlo-¹ FakqViSVdp neck kja-³bo³ AVRaqPdq

to vomit prja LQRa arm ta¹kja-³ IapAVRaq

to sneeze ka¹sHja AapFRa hand ta¹kHu¹ IapBgp

to cough ta¹kHµ IapBe leg (upper) kHja¹kje¹ BRapARhp

hair kHu¹lµ-́ ¹ BgpSVCbp leg (lower) kHja¹dµ-́ ¹plç¹ BRapOVCbpLSip

dizziness tHa¹kHu¹klç JapBgpASi mouth kHa³u¹ Baqgp

Lesson 11: Weaving

11.1 Dialogue

A. What are you doing? nE-¹ me-¹ ti³te³ KVakpk NVhp IcqIhq ?

B. I am weaving cloth. va³ bçtHE Waq PiJak

A. How long have you been

weaving cloth? nE-¹ bçtHE ¯e-³la³hç E-³ KVakp PiJak HVhqSaqVi

VVakq ?

B. I have been weaving since I was

young. va³ dZatHja¹ bç d´ va³

pa¹dZE- pa³ nµ´¹

Waq XaJRap Pi Ob Waq LapXVak Laq KRbp

A. Who taught you to weave? u³pe³ heTjo bç nE-¹ E-³ gqLhq VhURd Pi KVakp VVakq ?

B. My mother. va³ mµ-́ Waq NVCb

A. Do you weave often? nE-¹ bç ta¹mo³ tHE E-³ KVakp Pi IapNdq Jak VVakq?

B. I weave every day. va³ bç pwo-³ ¯e³ Waq Pi LTVdq Hhq

Then I sell the cloth. tHµ´³rç va³ i¹sHE³ bE¹u³

nµ´¹ prE

JRbqQi Waq cpFakq Pakpgq KRbp LQak

11.2 Drills

Drill 1:

How long

have you been weaving? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ bçtHE ¯e-¯e-¯e-¯e-³lalalala³hç E-hç E-hç E-hç E-³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp PiJak HVhqSaqVi VVakq HVhqSaqVi VVakq HVhqSaqVi VVakq HVhqSaqVi VVakq ?

sewing

(clothing)? i¹sHE hje¹dZa-¹ cpFak VRhpXVap

Drill 2:

I have been

weaving two months. vavavava³ bçtHE o bçtHE o bçtHE o bçtHE o¹ hçhçhçhç nje³ lE³ Waq PiJak dp ViWaq PiJak dp ViWaq PiJak dp ViWaq PiJak dp Vi KRhq Sakq

two weeks. nje³ klE KRhq ASak

two years. nje³ na¹ KRhq Kap

two days. nje³ ¯e³ KRhq Hhq

two hours. nje³ mµ³ KRhq Neq

Drill 3:

Do you weave often? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ bç tatatata¹momomomo³ tHE E-E-E-E-³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp Pi IapNdIapNdIapNdIapNdq Jak VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?

sell your cloth i¹sHE³ tatatata¹momomomo³ bE³u³ E-E-E-E-³ cpFakq IapNdIapNdIapNdIapNdq Pakqgq VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?

dye the cloth me-¹ tatatata¹momomomo³ nE-¹ bE³u³ a¹l

a¹ E-E-E-E-³

NVhp IapNdIapNdIapNdIapNdq KVakp Pakqgq apSap VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?

Drill 4:

I weave every day. vavavava³ bçtHE bçtHE bçtHE bçtHE pwo- ¯e³ Waq PiJakWaq PiJakWaq PiJakWaq PiJak LTVd Hhq

week. pwo- klE LTVd ASak

Drill 5:

I weave, then I rest. vavavava³ bçtHE tHµ´tHµ´tHµ´tHµ´³rç varç varç varç va³ o o o o¹kµ-́kµ-́kµ-́kµ-́ WaqWaqWaqWaq PiJak JRbqQi Waq dpAVCbJRbqQi Waq dpAVCbJRbqQi Waq dpAVCbJRbqQi Waq dpAVCb

eat e¹di³ hpOcq

walk dZµ´klja XRbASRa

Drill 6:

I weave often. va³ bç ta¹mo³ tHE Waq Pi IapNdq Jak

I never weave. va³ bçtHE t´¹pHµ-́ to¹ Waq PiJak IbpMVCbIdp

I seldom weave. va³ bçtHE ¯e-t´¹pHµ-́ Waq PiJak HVhIbpMVCb

Drill 7:

She weaves slowly. aaaa¹ bç bç bç bç zç³ la³ tHE tHE tHE tHE ap Piap Piap Piap Pi Giq Saq JakJakJakJak

quickly. prja³ la³ LQRaq Saq


to weave bç / bçtHE Pi / PiJak to sew i¹sHE cpFak

long time

already ¯e-³la³hç HVhqSaqVi to dye me-¹ a¹la¹ NVhp apSap

to start dZatHja¹ XaJRap cloth bE¹u³ Pakpgq

childhood;

youth pa¹dZjE LapXRak hour mµ³ Neq

to teach heTjo VhURd to walk dZµ´klja XRbASRa

often ta¹mo³ IapNdq to rest o¹kµ-́ dpAVCb

every pwo-³ LTVdq slow zç³ Giq

then; after tHµ´³rç JRbqQi quick; fast prja³ LQRaq

never t´¹pHµ-́ to¹ IbpMVCbIdp very; quite la³ Saq

seldom ¯e-t´¹pHµ-́ HVhIbpMVCb


large loom tHEkrµ-¹ JakAQVep shoulder bag pje-³ LVRhq

loom tHEkrç-³ JakAQViq everyone pwo-³t´¹prE-¹ LTVdqIbpLQVakp

needle tHE Jak everywhere pwo-³t´¹pHo¹ LTVdqIbpMdp

safety pin tHEka- JakAVa clothing hje¹dZa-¹ VRhpXVap

pin tHEki–³ JakAVcq

Lesson 12: Clothing

12.1 Dialogue

A. I’d like to see that shirt. va³ TEzµ- mja dZa-¹ d´ nµ´¹

t´¹pµ-¹

Waq UakGVe NRa XVap Ob KRbp IbpLVep

B. Which one? bite³ t´¹pµ-¹ te³ PcIhq IbpLVep Ihq ?

A. That red one there. d´ a¹ li–¹ nµ´¹ t´¹pµ-¹ Ob ap SVcp KRbp IbpLVep

Maybe it’s too small bE¹ta¹bE¹ a¹pa¹ti sHilµ³ PakpIapPakp apLapIc FcSeq

B. This white shirt is

bigger. a¹ bu³ je³t´¹pµ-¹ a¹du¹ l´ ap Pgq RhqIbpLVep apOgp Sb

A. Do you think it is big

enough? nE-¹ ta¹ne-¹ na a¹du¹

to³ sHale- E-³

KVakp IapKVhp Ka apOgp Idq FaSVh VVakq ?

B. It is the biggest shirt we

have. je³ma³ a¹du¹l´ lç-pli³ RhqNap apOgpSb LQak Vi

A. How much is the white

shirt? dZa-¹ bu³ nµ´¹ a¹Nu-¹ bate³ XVap Pgq KRbp apDVgp PaIhq

?

B. The white shirt is more

expensive than the red

one.

dZa-¹bu³ je³ a¹Nu-¹ du¹l´ na

a¹li–¹ nµ´¹

XVap Pgq Rhq apDVgp OgpSb Ka apSVcp KRbp

12.2 Drills

Drill 1:

What colour is this? je³ma¹ a¹la¹ ti³te³ RhqNap apSap IcqIhq ?

Drill 2:

That shirt is white. dZa-dZa-dZa-dZa-¹ nµ´ nµ´ nµ´ nµ´¹ a a a a¹ bu³ XVap KRbp apXVap KRbp apXVap KRbp apXVap KRbp ap Pgq

red. li–¹ SVcp

Drill 3:

These

clothes are clean. hjehjehjehje¹dZa-dZa-dZa-dZa-¹ je je je je³tatatata¹hehehehe¹ a¹mwo-³pli³ VRhpXVap RhIapVhpVRhpXVap RhIapVhpVRhpXVap RhIapVhpVRhpXVap RhIapVhp apNTVdqLScq

dirty. a¹ta¹pro apIapLQd

wet. a¹dZo¹ apXdp

dry. a¹kra³ apAQaq

Drill 4:

That shirt is large. dZa-dZa-dZa-dZa-¹ nµ´ nµ´ nµ´ nµ´¹ a¹du¹ XVap KRbpXVap KRbpXVap KRbpXVap KRbp apOgp

attractive. a¹two- apITVd

expensive. a¹Nu-¹du¹ apDVgpOgp

small. a¹pa¹ti apLapIc

Drill 5:

This shirt is the largest. dZa-dZa-dZa-dZa-¹ je je je je³ mamamama¹ a¹du¹ l´l´l´l´ XVapRhq NapXVapRhq NapXVapRhq NapXVapRhq Nap apOgp SbSbSbSb

smallest. a¹pa¹ti apLapIc

Drill 6:

This sarong is

very ugly. hjehjehjehje¹ je je je je³ a¹mumja ¯a ¯a ¯a ¯a¹dZçdZçdZçdZç VRhpVRhpVRhpVRhp RhqRhqRhqRhq apNgNRa HapXiHapXiHapXiHapXi

good. a¹rja apQRa

inexpensive. a¹Nu-¹kç¹ apDVgpAip

Drill 7:

This shirt is larger than that one. dZa-¹ je³ aaaa¹dudududu¹ l´ klç l´ klç l´ klç l´ klç³ na nµ´¹ t´¹ pµ-¹

XVapRhq apOgp Sb ASiqapOgp Sb ASiqapOgp Sb ASiqapOgp Sb ASiq Ka KRbp IbpLVep

This shirt is not as large as that one. dZa-¹ je³ aaaa¹dudududu¹ krµ- krµ- krµ- krµ-¹ na¹ nµ´¹t´¹ pµ-¹ totototo¹

XVapRhq apOgp AQVepapOgp AQVepapOgp AQVepapOgp AQVep Ka KRbp IbpLVep IdIdIdIdp

Drill 8:

This shirt is large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ XVap Rhq apOgp

This shirt is rather large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ sHale- XVap Rhq apOgp FaSVh

This shirt is very large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ ¯a¹dZç XVap Rhq apOgp HapXi

This shirt is the largest. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ l´ XVap Rhq apOgp Sb

This shirt is too large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ sHilµ³ XVap Rhq apOgp FcSeq

This shirt is not large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ to¹ XVap Rhq apOgp Idp

This shirt is not at all large. dZa-¹ je³ a¹du¹ ta¹kito¹ XVap Rhq apOgp IapAcIdp


shirt dZa-¹ XVap inexpensive a¹Nu-¹kç¹ apDVgpAip

red li–¹ SVcp expensive a¹Nu-¹du¹ apDVgpOgp

white bu³ Pgq good a¹rja apQRa

clsf. clothing pµ-¹ LVep dry a¹kra³ apAQaq

most, best l´ Sb wet a¹dZo¹ apXdp

rather sHale- FaSVh dirty a¹ta¹pro apIapLQd

colour a¹la¹ apSap clean a¹mwo-³pli³ apNTVdqLScq

these jeta¹he RhIapVh attractive a¹two- apITVd

price a¹Nu-¹ apDVgp ugly a¹mumja apNgNRa

maybe bE¹ta¹bE¹ PakpIapPakp small a¹pa¹ti apLapIc

equal with krµ-¹ AQVep large a¹du¹ apOgp


brown ç i pants hje¹kHja¹ VRhpBRap

green/blue Tµ´³ URbq man’s sarong hje¹ta¹va-¹ VRhpIapWVap

purple Tµ´³çrµ-́ URbqiQVCb women’s sarong hje¹prE-¹mç¹ VRhp LQVakpNip

orange çbja³ iPRaq skirt hje¹ta¹va-¹ tµ-³ VRhpIapWVap IVeq

pink bja³li–¹ PRaqSVcp shoes kHja¹dja ta¹p

lo

BRapORa IapLSd

grey ta¹pHE¹ IapMakp hat kHu¹klwo-³ BgpASTVdq

yellow bja³ PRaq to wear (on top) Tja URa

black lç-¹ SVip to wear (lower

garments) kµ³ Aeq

Lesson 13: Tending animals

13.1 Dialogue

A. Where are you going? nE-¹ dZµ´ bite³ KVakp XRb PcIhq ?

B. I am going to feed the pigs. va³ dZµ´ bµ-́ ¹ e¹ tHja

sHE¹

Waq XRb PVCbp hp JRa Fakp

A. How many pigs do you have? nE-¹ tHja o¹ ba dµ-́ ³ te³ KVakp JRa dp Pa OVCbq Ihq ?

B. I have four pigs. va³ tHja o¹ lwi–³ dµ-́ ³ Waq JRa dp STVcq OVCbq

They are in that pen. a¹ o¹ d´ a¹ po-¹ ku³ nµ´¹ ap dp Ob ap LVdp Agq KRbp

A. What other animals do you

have? nE¹ tE-¹pHu tE-¹lje-¹ o¹

krja ti³te³

KVakp IVakpMgIVakpSVRhp dp AQRa IcqIhq ?

B. I also have chickens and ducks. va³ sHje³ na ta¹ßa

o¹kµ-́ ³ pa³

Waq FRhq Ka IapUa dpAVCbq Laq

It is hot, so they are under the

house. ke-ku- ¯a¹dZç pHunµ´¹rç

sHje³ na ta¹ßa o¹ d´

hi¹ lE-³

AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi FRhq Ka IapUa dp Ob Vcp SVakq

13.2 Drills

Drill 1:

How many pigs do you have? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ tHja oooo¹ ba dµ-́ ba dµ-́ ba dµ-́ ba dµ-́ ³ te te te te³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp JRa dp Pa OVCbq Ihq dp Pa OVCbq Ihq dp Pa OVCbq Ihq dp Pa OVCbq Ihq ?

cows pu- LVg

Drill 2:

How many chickens do you have? nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ sHje³ oooo¹ ba bE ba bE ba bE ba bE¹ te te te te³ KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp FRhq dp Pa Pakp Ihq dp Pa Pakp Ihq dp Pa Pakp Ihq dp Pa Pakp Ihq ?

ducks ta¹ßa IapUa

Drill 3:

How many houses do you have? nE-¹ hi¹ o¹ babababa me³ tetetete³ KVakp Vcp dp PaPaPaPa Nhq Ihq Ihq Ihq Ihq ?

books li¹u¹ o¹ babababa u tetetete³ Scpgp dp PaPaPaPa g IhqIhqIhqIhq

children pHu o¹ babababa prE-¹ tetetete³ Mg dp PaPaPaPa LQVakp IhqIhqIhqIhq

Drill 4:

I have four chickens. vavavava³ sHje³ o o o o¹ lwi– lwi– lwi– lwi–³ bE¹ Waq Waq Waq Waq FRhq dp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcq Pakp

pigs. tHja oooo¹ lwi– lwi– lwi– lwi–³ dµ-́ ³ JRa dp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcq OVCbq

houses. yi¹ oooo¹ lwi– lwi– lwi– lwi–³ me³ Vcp dp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcq Nhq

children. pHu oooo¹ lwi– lwi– lwi– lwi–³ prE-¹ Mg dp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcqdp STVcq LQVakp

Drill 5:

The chicken is in the house. sHjesHjesHjesHje³ o o o o¹ d´ hi d´ hi d´ hi d´ hi¹ ku³ FRhq dp Ob VcpFRhq dp Ob VcpFRhq dp Ob VcpFRhq dp Ob Vcp Agq

under lE-³ SVakq

on kHu¹ Bgp

in front of ¯e³ Hhq

behind kHje³ BRhq

beside kHa³sHje BaqFRh

Drill 6:

The pigs are in the pen. tHja otHja otHja otHja o¹ d´ d´ d´ d´ a¹ po-¹ ku³ JRa dp ObJRa dp ObJRa dp ObJRa dp Ob ap LVdp Agq

in the field. lja- kHu¹ SVRa Bgp

over there. nµ´¹ t´¹kje³ KRbp IbpARhq

here. bije³ PcRhq

Drill 7:

Three

cows are in the field. pu- Tµ´pu- Tµ´pu- Tµ´pu- Tµ´³ dµ-́ dµ-́ dµ-́ dµ-́ ³ o o o o¹

d´ d´ d´ d´ lja- kHu¹

LVg URbq OVCbq LVg URbq OVCbq LVg URbq OVCbq LVg URbq OVCbq dp Obdp Obdp Obdp Ob SVRa Bgp

on the road. kljadu¹ ku³ ASRaOgp Agq

over there. nµ´¹ KRbp

Drill 8:

It is hot, and so the chickens are

under the house. ke-ku- ¯ake-ku- ¯ake-ku- ¯ake-ku- ¯a¹dZç pHunµ´dZç pHunµ´dZç pHunµ´dZç pHunµ´¹rçrçrçrç sHje³ o¹ d´ hi¹ lE-³

AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi FRhq dp Ob Vcp SVakq

the pigs drink lots of water. ke-ku- ¯ake-ku- ¯ake-ku- ¯ake-ku- ¯a¹dZç pHunµ´dZç pHunµ´dZç pHunµ´dZç pHunµ´¹rç rç rç rç tHja o¹tHja³ lç-³ E la³

AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi AVhAVg HapXi MgKRbpQi JRa dpJRhq SViq ako Saq


pig tHja JRa clsf - animals

with 4 legs dµ-́ ³ OVCbq

duck ta¹ßa IapUa clsf - birds bE¹ Pakp

food sHE¹ Fakp clsf - houses me³ Nhq

which krja ti³te³ AQRa IcqIhq clsf - books u g

in ku³ Agq clsf - people prE-¹ LQVakp

under lE-³ SVakq to feed

(animals) bµ-́ ¹e¹ PVCbphp

in front of ¯e³ Hhq animals tE-¹pHu

tE-¹lje-¹

IVakpMg- IVakpSVRhp

behind kHje³ BRhq pigpen tHja po-¹ JRa LVdp

beside kHa³sHje BaqFRh field lja- SVRa

on kHu¹ Bgp cow pu- LVg

therefore; and so pHunµ´¹rç MgKRbpQi chicken sHje³ FRhq


hen sHje³mµ-́ FRhqNVCb water buffalo pa¹nE- LapKVak

rooster sHje³pHE³ FRhqMakq horse ta¹Ti IapUc

chick sHje³pHu FRhqMg dog tHwi¹ JTcp

cat tHjo JRd goat pe- LVh

Lesson 14: Planting a garden

14.1 Dialogue

A. What are you planting? nE-¹ i¹lµ-́ ti³te³ KVakp cpSVCb IcqIhq ?

B. I am planting beans. va³ i¹lµ-́ kçbi³ Waq cpSVCb AiPcq

A. Is this your garden? je³ ma¹ nE-¹ ta¹rE- E-³ Rhq Nap KVakp IapQVak VVakq ?

B. Yes, it’s mine. a¹ma- ma¹ va³ tE³ apNVa Nap Waq Iakq

A. When will you pick the beans? ne-¹ i¹ba¹ kçbi³ bikHE³

pa³ te³

KVakp cpPap AiPcq PcBakq Laq Ihq ?

B. If the rains are good, they will

be ready in two months. ki¹ ke-dZµ-¹ rja ma¹ nje³

lE³ a¹ku³ ba¹ e¹ ni– hç

Acp AVhXVep QRa Nap KRhq Sakq apAgq Pap hp KVc Vi

A. Will you eat them or sell them? nE-¹ e¹ pa³ E-³ ki¹ ma-to¹

ma¹ nE-¹ i¹sHE³ pa³ E-³

KVakp hp Laq VVakq Acp NVaIdp Nap KVakp cpFakq Laq VVakq ?

B. Some we will eat. Most we will

sell. pE-¹ e¹ ta¹he¹

pE-¹ i¹sHE³ El´ pa³

LVakp hp IapVhp

LVakp cpFakq akSb Laq

14.2 Drills

Drill 1:

I am planting vegetables. vavavava³ i i i i¹lµ-́lµ-́lµ-́lµ-́ Twi dç³bja³lE¹ Waq cpSVCbWaq cpSVCbWaq cpSVCbWaq cpSVCb UTc OiqPRaqSakp

corn. kHu¹kHeTE¹ BgpBhUakp

onions. pu³holi–¹ LgqVdSVcp

Drill 2:

Is this yours? jejejeje³mamamama¹ nE-¹ tE tE tE tE³ E- E- E- E-³ RhqNapRhqNapRhqNapRhqNap KVakp Iakq Iakq Iakq Iakq VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?

mine? va³ Waq

theirs? E¹Ti³ akpUcq

Is that his/hers? nµńµńµńµ´¹mamamama¹ a¹ tEtEtEtE³ E-E-E-E-³ KRbpNapKRbpNapKRbpNapKRbpNap ap Iakq Iakq Iakq Iakq VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?

ours? pE-¹ LVakp

Drill 3:

This is mine. jejejeje³mamamama¹ va³ tE tE tE tE³ RhqNaRhqNaRhqNaRhqNap Waq IakqIakqIakqIakq

yours. nE-¹ KVakp

his/hers. a¹ ap

theirs. E¹Ti³ akpUcq

Drill 4:

It’s not mine. va³ tEtEtEtE³ ma-toma-toma-toma-to¹ Waq Iakq NVaIdpIakq NVaIdpIakq NVaIdpIakq NVaIdp

yours. nE-¹ KVakp

his/hers. a¹ ap

Drill 5:

If the rain stops, I will go. kikikiki¹ ke-dZµ-¹ o¹kµ-́ rç varç varç varç va³ dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa----³

AcAcAcAcp AVhXVep dpAVCb Qi Waq XRb LVaqQi Waq XRb LVaqQi Waq XRb LVaqQi Waq XRb LVaq

If my friend goes va³ kHo³bçTjo kikikiki¹ dZµ´ rç vrç vrç vrç vaaaa³ dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa----³

Waq BdqPiURd AcAcAcAcp XRb Qi Waq XRb LVaqQi Waq XRb LVaqQi Waq XRb LVaqQi Waq XRb LVaq

If I have money va³ rµ³ kikikiki¹ o¹ rç varç varç varç va³ dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa dZµ´ pa----³

Waq Qeq AcpAcpAcpAcp dp Qi Waq XRb LaqQi Waq XRb LaqQi Waq XRb LaqQi Waq XRb Laq

Drill 6:

Will you eat them or sell them? nE-¹ e¹ pa-³ E-³ kikikiki¹ ma-to ma-to ma-to ma-to¹ ma ma ma ma¹ nE-¹ i¹sHE³ pa-³ E-³

KVakp hp LVaq VVakq Acp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp Nap KVakp cpFakq LVaq VVakq ?

Will you plant corn or beans? nE-¹ i¹lµ-́ kHu¹kHe E-³ kikikiki¹ ma-to ma-to ma-to ma-to¹ ma ma ma ma¹ kçbi³ E-³

KVakp cpSVCb BgpBh VVakq Acp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp Nap AiPcq VVakq ?

Will you take yours or mine? nE-¹ pHje nE-¹ tE³ pa-³ E-³ kikikiki¹ ma-to ma-to ma-to ma-to¹ ma ma ma ma¹ va³ tE³ E-³

KVakp MRh KVakp Iakq LVaq VVakq Acp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp NapAcp NVaIdp Nap Waq Iakq VVakq ?

Drill 7:

Will you plant today or not? nE-¹ i¹lµ-́ je³t´¹¯e³ pa-³ E-³ mamamama¹ totototo¹ E- E- E- E-³

KVakp cpSVCb RhqIbpHhq LVaq VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq ?

Will you sell your

vegetables

nE-¹ i¹sHE³ nE-¹ i¹Twi dç³bja³lE¹ pa-³ E-³ mamamama¹ totototo¹ E- E- E- E-³

KVakp cpFakq KVakp cpUTc OiqPRaqSakp LVaq VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq ?

Will you harvest

today

nE-¹ i¹ba¹ je³t´¹¯e³ pa-³ E-³ mamamama¹ totototo¹ E- E- E- E-³

KVakp cpPap RhqIbpHhq LVaq VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq Nap Idp VVakq ?


to plant seeds i¹lµ-́ cpSVCb vegetables Twi dç³bja³lE¹ UTc OiqPRaqSakp

to pick (harvest)

vegetables i¹ba¹ cpPap beans kç¹bi³ AipPcq

if ki¹ Acp corn kHu¹kHeTE¹ BgpBhUakp

to stop; rest o¹kµ-́ dpAVCb onions pu³holi–¹ LgqVdSVcp

some ta¹he¹ IapVhp money rµ³ Qeq

more; most El´ akSb garden ta¹rE- IapQVak


to plant

seedlings i¹sHç i¹plµ³ cpFi cpLSeq garlic pu³hobu³ LgqVdPgq

cucumber dje³TE¹ ORhqUakp eggplant kja-TE¹ AVRaUakp

bamboo

shoots i¹bja¹ cpPRap shovel ta¹ne¹ le-kµ-́ ¹ IapKhp SVhAV

Cbp

mushrooms krµ-¹ AQVep plough tHa Ja

tomato kja-sHje¹TE¹ AVRaFRhpUakp field rake i¹kHwi cpBTc

cabbage ta¹plE¹bo¹ IapLSakpPdp sickle ta¹dZe³ IapXhq

pumpkin lµ-he³TE¹ SVeVhqUakp hoe ta¹ne¹ IapKhp

hot peppers TE¹hja UakpVRa spade ta¹pµ-³ IapLVeq

sweet potatoes krµ´¹sHµ³ AQRbpFeq

Lesson 15: Fishing

15.1 Dialogue

A. I hear that you are going

fishing. va³ ni-hµ´³ na nE-¹ dZµ´

bie¹tE-³

Waq KVcVCbq Ka KVakp XRb PchpIVakq

B. Yes.

Do you want to come?

a¹ma-

nE-¹ TEzµ- hja³kµ-́ ³ E-³

apNVa

KVakp UakGVe VRaqAVCbq VVakq ?

A. When will you go? nE-¹ dZµ´ bikHE³ pa-³ te³ KVakp XRb PcBakq LVaq Ihq ?

B. Next Monday.

Do you have a pole?

sHje a¹no¹ pa-³ t´¹klE mç-

t´¹¯e³

nE-¹ bisHe³ o¹ E-³

FRh apKdp LVaq IbpASak NViIbpHhq

KVakp PcFhq dp VVakq ?

A. No.

I don’t.

to¹

va³ tE³ o¹ to¹

Idp

Waq Iakq dp Idp

B. I doesn’t matter.

You can use mine.

I will use my father’s instead.

a¹le- heo¹to¹

nE-¹ nç³e¹ va³ tE³ a¹ni–

va³ nç³e¹ dµ¹

va³ pHE³ tE³ pa-³

apSVh VhdpIdp

KVakp Kiqhp Waq Iakq apKVc

Waq Kiqhp Oep Waq Makq Iakq LVaq

15.2 Drills

Drill 1:

When will it happen? a¹ tHwo-³tHja¹ bikHE³te³ ap JTVdqJRap PcBakqIhq ?

Drill 2:

It will

happen tomorrow. aaaa¹ tHwo- tHwo- tHwo- tHwo-³tHjatHjatHjatHja¹ sHjepa¹ro³ ap JTVdqJRap ap JTVdqJRap ap JTVdqJRap ap JTVdqJRap FRhLapQdq

next week. sHje a¹no¹ t´¹klE FRh apKdp IbpASak

next month. sHje a¹no¹ t´¹lE³ FRh apKdp IbpSakq

next year. sHje a¹no¹ t´¹na¹ FRh apKdp IbpKap

next Monday. sHje a¹no¹ mç-t´¹¯e³ FRh apKdp NViIbpHhq

Drill 3:

We will go

fishing this (early) afternoon.

pEpEpEpE¹ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´

biebiebiebie¹ttttE-E-E-E-³ mç-kwi– papapapa----³

LVakp XRb LVakp XRb LVakp XRb LVakp XRb PchpIVakqPchpIVakqPchpIVakqPchpIVakq NViATVc LVaqLVaqLVaqLVaq

this (late) afternoon. mç-he NViVh

tonight. je³ t´¹TE³ RhqIbpUakq

this evening. mç-kHi NViBc

tomorrow. sHje pa¹ro³ FRh LapQdq

tomorrow morning. pa¹ro³ mç-li³ LapQdq NViScq

Drill 4:

We will leave at 4:00 p.m. pE-pE-pE-pE-¹ dZµ´ bi dZµ´ bi dZµ´ bi dZµ´ bi lwi–¹ mµ³ pa pa pa pa----³ LVakp XRb PcLVakp XRb PcLVakp XRb PcLVakp XRb Pc STVcp Neq LVaqLVaqLVaqLVaq

at 7:00 p.m. nwo mµ³ KTd Neq

at 10:30 a.m. sHje mµ³

ta¹kla³me³

FRh Neq IapASaqNhq

Drill 5:

I think that you are going

fishing. va³ ta¹ne-¹ na nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ dZµ´ bi dZµ´ bi dZµ´ bi dZµ´ bi

eeee¹tE-tE-tE-tE-³

Waq IapKVhp Ka KVakp XRb PcKVakp XRb PcKVakp XRb PcKVakp XRb PchpIVakqhpIVakqhpIVakqhpIVakq

I hear that va³ ni–hµ´³ na Waq KVcVCbq Ka

I know that va³ TE¯e³ na Waq UakHhq Ka

Drill 6:

We think about going

fishing. pE-¹ ta¹ne-¹ bEbEbEbE¹kjana biekjana biekjana biekjana bie¹tE-tE-tE-tE-³ LVakp IapKVhp PapkARaKa PchpIVakqPapkARaKa PchpIVakqPapkARaKa PchpIVakqPapkARaKa PchpIVakq

talk hebE VhPak

hear ni–hµ´³ KVcVCbq

Drill 7:

You can use mine. nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ nç³e¹ vavavava³ tE tE tE tE³ a a a a¹ni–ni–ni–ni– KVakpKVakpKVakpKVakp Kiqhp Waq Iakq apKVcWaq Iakq apKVcWaq Iakq apKVcWaq Iakq apKVc

see mja NRa

have pHje MRh


to come along hja³kµ-́ ³ VRaqAVCbq to fish (with a

pole) bie¹tE-³ PchpIVakq

next; later; in

the future sHje a¹no¹ FRh apKdp fishing pole bisHe³ PcFhq

never mind; no

problem a¹le-heo¹to¹ apSVhVhdpIdp Monday mç-t´¹¯e³ NViIbpHhq

to use nç³e¹ Kiqhp (early)

afternoon mç-kwi– NViATVc

alone; self dµ¹ Oep (late) afternoon mç-he NViVh

to happen;

occur; become tHwo-³tHja¹ JTVdqJRap tonight je³t´¹TE³ RhqIbpUakq

about;

concerning bE¹kjana PapkARaKa half ta¹kla³me³ IapASaqNhq


Tuesday mç-nje³¯e³ NViKRhqHhq fish hook i¹bi cpPc

Wednesday mç-Tµ´³¯e³ NViURbqHhq catfish tE-³ku¹ IVakqAgp

Thursday mç-lwi–³¯e³ NViSTVcqHhq eel tE-³ru- IVakqQVg

Friday mç-̄ a-³¯e³ NViHVaqHhq crab sHwo¹ FTdp

Saturday mç-ka¹tç-¹ NViAapIVip shrimp sHwo¹ko- FTdpAVd

Sunday mç-̄ e³dµ-́ ¹ NViHhqOVCbp fishnet ta¹vi–³ IapWVcq

a fish tE-³ IVakq fishnet ßa¹ta¹pre³ UapIapLQhq

Lesson 16: Hunting

16.1 Dialogue

A. Where are you going? nE-¹ dZµ´ bite³ KVakp XRb PcIhq ?

B. I’m going hunting. va³ dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE-¹mi–¹ Waq XRb SVep IVakpNVcp

A. What do you use to hunt? nE-¹ dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE-¹mi–¹ na

ti³te³

KVakp XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Ka IcqIhq ?

B. I use a slingshot or a gun. va³ nç³e¹ pHjadZç- to¹ m

a¹ na sHi¯a-¹

Waq Kiqhp MRaXVi Idp Nap Ka FcHVap

Today I have my gun because

I am hunting for deer. je³t´¹¯e³ va³ dZµ´ ni–

sHi¯a-¹ me-te³herç va³

kHE e¹ na ta¹kHje³ pa-³

RhqIbpHhq Waq XRb KVc FcHVap, NVhIhqVhQi Waq Bakhp Ka IapBRhq LVaq

A. Do you ever use a trap? nE-¹ nç³e¹ nç ta¹dZja³ E-³ KVakp Kiqhp Ki IapXRaq VVakq ?

B. Yes.

In the hot season a trap catches

many small animals.

a¹ma-

bi ke-ku-kHE³ sHjae¹

ta¹dZja³ rç a¹ ni–rja

¯a¹dZç zµ-́ tHu¹pHu

apNVa

Pc AVhAVgBakq FRahp IapXRaq Qi ap KVcQRa HapXi GVCbJgpMg

16.2 Drills

Drill 1:

He will not go

hunting because it is raining. aaaa¹ dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE- tE- tE- tE-¹mi–mi–mi–mi–¹ to to to to¹ me- me- me- me-¹tetetete³hhhherçerçerçerç ke-dZµ-¹

ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi AVhXVep

he is not well. aaaa¹ dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE- tE- tE- tE-¹mi–mi–mi–mi–¹ to to to to¹ me- me- me- me-¹tetetete³herçherçherçherç o¹ mo-¹ to¹

ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi dp NVdp Idp

he is busy. aaaa¹ dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ- dZµ´ lµ-¹ tE- tE- tE- tE-¹mi–mi–mi–mi–¹ to to to to¹ me- me- me- me-¹tetetete³herçherçherçherç a¹ tE-¹me-¹ o¹ E

aaaap XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi p XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi p XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi p XRb SVep IVakpNVcp Idp NVhpIhqVhQi ap IVakpNVhp dp ako

Drill 2:

Do you ever use a gun? nE-¹ nç³e¹ nç nç nç nç sHi¯a-¹ E- E- E- E-³

KVakp Kiqhp Ki Ki Ki Ki FcHVap VVakVVakVVakVVakq ?

hunt (go in the jungle) alone? nE-¹ dZµ´le³ tµdµ¹ nçnçnçnç d´ mi–¹klE³ E-E-E-E-³

KVakp XRbShq IeOep KiKiKiKi Ob NVcpASakq VVakqVVakqVVakqVVakq ?

Drill 3:

Have you ever seen a wild elephant? nE-¹ mjatHje¹ nçnçnçnç ta¹sHa³mi–¹ E-E-E-E-³

KVakp NRaJRhp KiKiKiKi IapFRaqNVcp VVaVVaVVaVVakq ?

killed a tiger? nE-¹ me-¹Tje³ nçnçnçnç pHµ-́ ³kHi³ E-E-E-E-³

KVakp NVhpURhq KiKiKiKi MVCbqBcq VVakq VVakq VVakq VVakq ?

eaten bear’s meat? nE-¹ e¹ nçnçnçnç tHe³zje¹ E- E- E- E-³

KVakp hp Ki Ki Ki Ki JhqGRhp VVaVVaVVaVVakq ?

Drill 4:

I have never seen a tiger. va³ mjatHje¹ nçnçnçnç pHµ-́ ³kHi tatatata¹pHµ-́ topHµ-́ topHµ-́ topHµ-́ to¹

Waq NRaJVhp KiKiKiKi MVCbqBcq IapMVCb IdpIapMVCb IdpIapMVCb IdpIapMVCb Idp

used a gun. va³ nç³e¹ nçnçnçnç sHi¯a-¹ tatatata¹pHµ-́ topHµ-́ topHµ-́ topHµ-́ to¹

Waq Kiqhp Ki Ki Ki Ki FcHVap IapMVCb IdpIapMVCb IdpIapMVCb IdpIapMVCb Idp


to hunt lµ--¹ tE-¹ mi–¹ SVep IVakpNVcp slingshot pHjadZç- MRaXVi

to be busy tE-¹me-¹ o¹ E IVakpNVhp dp ako gun sHi¯a-¹ FcHVap

to get; bring ni– KVc small animals

(birds, rodents) zµ-́ tHu¹pHu GVCbJgpMg

because me-¹te³herç NVhpIhqVhQi noose trap ta¹dZja³ IapXRaq

hot season ke-ku-kHE³ AVhAVgBakq to trap sHa-e¹ FVahp

to shoot kHE Bak elephant ta¹sHja³ IapFRaq

meat ze-¹ GVhp wild elephant ta¹sHja³ mi–¹ IapFRaq NVcp

to kill me-¹Tje³ NVhpURhq tiger pHµ-́ ³kHi³ MVCbqBcq

to catch ni–rja KVcQRa yellow deer ta¹kHje³ IapBRhq

alone tµdµ¹ IeOep bear tHe³ Jhq

ever nç Ki


longbow klje¹ ASRhp frog di¹ Ocp

arrow klje¹plE- ASRhpLSVak rabbit da³TE¹ OaqUakp

deer (large, with

antlers) krç AQi snake ru- QVg

wild pig tHjami–¹ JRaNVcp bat plE LSak

mouse zµ-́ GVCb bird tHu¹ Jgp

mousedeer zµ-́ kro GVCbAQd pheasant tHu¹ ra- Jgp QVa

elephant ta¹sHja³ IapFRaq snipe tHu¹ prµ¹ Jgp LQep

monkey zç-³ GViq fowl sHje³ mi–¹ FRhq NVcp

squirrel zµ-́ lje¹ GVCbSRhp

Lesson 17: Building a house

17.1 Dialogue

A. What is happening over there? d´ nµ´¹ ma¹ a¹ me-¹ ti³te³ Ob KRbp Nap ap NVhp IcqIhq ?

B. They are building a new house. E¹Ti³ sHçtHja¹ hi¹TE³ akpUcq FiJRap VcpUakq

The men of the village work

together to build new houses. prE-¹kHu³ du¹ d´ zç³ ku³

ta¹he¹ sHçtHja¹ sHµ¹lu³

hi¹TE³

LQVakpBgq Ogp Ob Oiq Agq IapVhp FiJRap FepSgq VcpUakq

A. How long does it take to build a

new house? me-¹ hi¹ t´¹me³ ma¹ a¹ ¯e-³

bate³

NVhp Vcp IbpNhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhq ?

B. Not long.

About three days.

a¹¯e-³ na to¹

Tµ´³ ¯e³ ma¹ a¹tHµ´³ prE

apHVhq Ka Idp URbq Hhq Nap apJRbq LQak

A. Whose house is this? hi¹ je³ t´¹me³ ma¹ u³ tE³

pe³

Vcp Rhq IbpNhq Nap gq Iakq Lhq ?

B. It is for a couple who will marry

soon. prE-¹ k´ri– kHo³mE-³ ta¹he¹

a¹¯e³

LQVakp AbQVc BdqNVakq IapVhp apHhq

A Can I help? va³ me-¹dZjo- a¹ni– E-³ Waq NVhpXVRd apKVc VVakq ?

B. Do you know how to put thatch

on a roof? nE-¹ TE¯e³ tE-³tHja¹ ta¹hje

³ d´ hi¹kHu¹ pHute³ E-³

KVakp UakHhq IVakqJRap IapVRhq Ob VcpBgp MgIhq VVakq ?

A. No. to¹ Idp

B. Maybe it is better for you to

watch for now. kHo³¯a- nE-¹ o¹pç-mja ma¹ a¹

rjal´ prE ko³le¹

BdqHVa KVakp dpLVi- NRa Nap apQRaSb LQak AdqShp

17.2 Drills

Drill 1:

How long does

it take to build a house? sHçtHja¹ hi¹ t´¹me³ mmmmaaaa¹ a a a a¹ ¯e- ¯e- ¯e- ¯e-³ bate bate bate bate³

FiJRap Vcp IbpNhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhqNap ap HVhq PaIhqNap ap HVhq PaIhqNap ap HVhq PaIhq

put on a roof? tE-³tHja¹ hi¹kHu¹ mamamama¹ a a a a¹ ¯e- ¯e- ¯e- ¯e-³ bate bate bate bate³

IVakqJRap VcpBgp Nap ap HVhq PaIhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhq Nap ap HVhq PaIhq

Drill 2:

About four days. lwi–³ ¯e³ kokokoko³lelelele STVcq Hhq AdqShAdqShAdqShAdqSh

100 baht. t´¹dZwE- ba¹ IbpXTVak Pap

Exactly four days. lwi–³ ¯e³ t´t´t´t´¹ plµ plµ plµ plµ STVcq Hhq Ibp LSeIbp LSeIbp LSeIbp LSe


Over four days. lwi–³ ¯e³ l´l´l´l´ STVcq Hhq SbSbSbSb


Almost four days. pHµpHµpHµpHµ¹ lwi–³ ¯e³ MepMepMepMep STVcq Hhq


Drill 3:

They will

marry

soon. E¹Ti³ k´ri–k´ri–k´ri–k´ri– kHo³mE³ pa-³ akpUcq AbQVcAbQVcAbQVcAbQVc BdqNakq LVaq

He will build

the house

a¹ k´ri–k´ri–k´ri–k´ri– sHçtHja¹ hi¹ pa-³ ap AbQVcAbQVcAbQVcAbQVc FiJRap Vcp LVaq

I will visit va³ k´ri–k´ri–k´ri–k´ri– dZµ´ o¹le³ pa-³ Waq AbQVcAbQVcAbQVcAbQVc XRb dpShq LVaq

Drill 4:

I will finish later. va³ me-¹tHµ´³ nononono¹papapapa----³ Waq NVhpJRbq KdpLVaqKdpLVaqKdpLVaqKdpLVaq

He will help us a¹ me-¹dZjo- pE-¹ ap NVhpXVRd LVakp

They will visit E¹Ti³ dZµ´ o¹le³ akpUcq XRb dpShq

Drill 5:

This house is for them. hihihihi¹ je je je je³ ETi³ ¯e ¯e ¯e ¯e³ Vcp Rhq Vcp Rhq Vcp Rhq Vcp Rhq akUcq HhqHhqHhqHhq

for you. sE-¹ KVakp

for us. pE-¹ LVakp


to build sHçtHja¹ FiJRap roof hi¹kHu¹ VcpBgp

new TE³ ; a¹TE³ Uakq ; apUakq thatch ta¹hje³ IapVRhq

man prE-¹kHu³ LQVakpBgq to thatch a roof tE-³tHja¹ IVakqJRap

clsf. house - one

house t´¹me³ IbpNhq to finish tHµ´³ JRbq

to watch;

observe o¹pç-mja dpLViNRa it is better a¹rjal´ apQRaSb

about; maybe ko³le¹ AdqShp soon k´ri– AbQVc

exactly ta¹plµ IapLSe later no¹pa-³ KdpLVaq

almost; close;

near pHµ¹ Mep for ¯e³ Hhq

over (more than) l´ Sb


door ka¹da³mµ-́ AapOaqNVCb hand saw lwa pa¹ti STa LapIc

window ka¹da³pHu AapOaqMg nail li–¹pa¹na¹ SVcpLapKap

stairs ka¹bo³Tu³ AapPdqUgq hammer i¹pç-¹ cpLVip

bamboo floor two-¹kHu¹ ITVdpBgp large knife hidµ¹du¹ VcOepOgp

leaf thatch lE¹ Sakp hand plane le-tHµTje¹ SVhJeURhp

drill tHEpa¹ri–³ku³ JakLapQVcq-Agq

Lesson 18: School

18.1 Dialogue

A. Where are your children? nE-¹ pHu o¹ bite³ KVakp Mg dp PcIhq ?

B. They are in school. E¹Ti³ o¹ d´ Tjoli¹ho³ akpUcq dp Ob URdScpVdq

A. How do they get to school? E¹Ti³ dZµ´ d´ Tjoli¹ho³

pHute³

akpUcq XRb Ob URdScpVdq MgIhq ?

B. Usually they walk to the village. Eta¹ki¹ E¹Ti³ dZµ´ na

kHja¹dµ-́ ¹ prE

akoIapAcp akpUcq XRb Ka BRapOVCbp LQak

A. What do they learn in school? E¹Ti³ heTjo krja li¹

ti³te³

akpUcq VhURd AQRa Scp IcqIhq ?

B. They learn to read and do math.

Also, they learn several

languages.

E¹Ti³ heTjo h´ tHµ´³

dwa li¹dwa

tHµ´³ to¹ e¹Ti³ heTjo

Ela³ No- rµ-́ ¹ ta¹he¹

akpUcq VhURd Vb JRbq OTa ScpOTa

JRbq Idp akpUcq VhURd akSaq DVd QVCbp IapVhp

A. Why do you send your children

to school? me-¹te³ nE-¹ Tu³ nE-¹ pHu

d´ Tjoli¹ho³ E-³

NVhpIhq KVakp Ugq KVakp Mg Ob URdScpVdq VVakq ?

B. All children should go to

school. pa¹dZE- pwo-t´¹prE-¹ to³kç¹

dZµ´ Tjoli¹ho³

LapXVak LTVdIbpLQVakp IdqAip XRb URdScpVdq

They must learn so they will

have a good future. E¹Ti³ to³bE¹ heTjoli¹

tµrç ta-³ple¹hja³ ma¹

li¹mja³li¹mE- pa-³

akpUcq IdqPakp VhURdScp IeQi IVaqLShpVRaq Nap ScpNRaqScpNVak LVaq

18.2 Drills

Drill 1:

Usually they walk to school. EEEEtatatata¹kikikiki¹ E¹Ti³ dZµ´ na kHja¹dµ-́ ¹ d´ Tjoli¹ho³

akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akpUcq XRb Ka BRapOVCbp Ob URdScpVdq

the teacher is a woman. EEEEtatatata¹kikikiki¹ Tjoli¹ho³ Tara ma¹ prE-¹mç¹

akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akoIapAcp URdScpVdq UaQa Nap LQVakpNip

children learn to read. EEEEtatatata¹kikikiki¹ pa¹dZE- heTjo h´

akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akoIapAcp akoIapAcp LapXVak VhURd Vb

Drill 2:

Why do you send your children

to school? me-me-me-me-¹tetetete³ nE-¹ Tu³ nE-¹ pHu d´ Tjoli¹ho³

NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq KVakp Ugq KVakp Mg Ob URdScpVdq ?

is education important? me-me-me-me-¹tetetete³ tE-¹TipHE nµ´¹ a¹lo¹du¹ E-³

NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq IVakpUcMak KRbp apSdpOgp VVakq ?

Drill 3:

Why doesn’t he go to school? me-teme-teme-teme-te³ a¹ dZµ´ d´ Tjoli¹ho³ totototo¹ E-³

NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq ap XRb Ob URdScpVdq IdpIdpIdpIdp VVakq ?

she learn to read? me-teme-teme-teme-te³ a¹ heTjo h´ li¹ totototo¹ E-³

NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq NVhpIhq ap VhURd Vb Scp IdpIdpIdpIdp VVakq ?

Drill 4:

You should go to

school. nE-nE-nE-nE-¹ to to to to³

kçkçkçkç¹ dZµ´ d´ Tjoli¹ho³

KVakp IdqKVakp IdqKVakp IdqKVakp IdqAipAipAipAip XRb Ob URdScpVdq

study

hard. jadZµ heTjoli¹ RaXe VhURdScp

write him

a letter. ra³ li¹t´¹ba¹ d´ E¹o¹ Qaq ScpIbpPap Ob akp dp

Drill 5:

He must go to

school so that he will learn

to read.

aaaa¹ to to to to³bEbEbEbE¹ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´ dZµ´

d´ Tjolid´ Tjolid´ Tjolid´ Tjoli¹hohohoho³ t t t t

µrçµrçµrçµrç a¹ h´ dZja-

li¹ pa-³

ap IdqPakp XRb ap IdqPakp XRb ap IdqPakp XRb ap IdqPakp XRb Ob URdScpVdq Ob URdScpVdq Ob URdScpVdq Ob URdScpVdq

IeQiIeQiIeQiIeQi ap Vb XVRa Scp LVaq

he can go to

highschool. a¹ tHja¹bE

to-tHu³Tjoli¹ho³ pa-³

ap JRapPak IVdJgqURdScpVdq LVaq

he can get a

good job. a¹ ni–bE¹ tE-¹me-¹ d´

a¹rja pa-³

ap KVcPakp IVakpNVhp Ob apQRa LVaq


school Tjoli¹ho³ URdScpVdq math;

arithmetic dwa OTa

usually eta¹ki¹ aokIapAcp language No- DVd

go on foot dZµ´ na kH

ja¹dµ-́ ¹

XRb Ka BRapOVCbp

to learn heTjo VhURd

lesson; book li¹ Scp education tE-¹TipHE IVakpUcMak

why me-¹te³ NVhpIhq important a¹lo¹du¹ apSdpOgp

children pa¹dZE- LapXVak woman prE-¹mç¹ LQVakpNip

everyone pwo-t´¹prE-¹ LTVdIbpLQVakp highschool to-tHu³

Tjoli¹ho³

IVdJgq URdScpVdq

should to³kç¹ IdqAip to advance,

succeed tHja¹bE JRapPak

must to³bE¹ IdqPakp other rµ-́ ¹ QVCbp

so that tµrç IeQi exert effort;

try jadZµ RaXe

future ta-³ple¹hja³ IVaqLShpVRaq a letter li¹t´¹ba¹ ScpIbpPap

smart li¹mja³li¹mE- ScpNRaqScpNVak job tE-¹me-¹ IVakpNVhp


book li¹u Scpg to practice tE-¹me-¹Tjo IVakpNVhpURd

pencil dZe-¹bo³ XVhpPdq to sing hero³ VhQdq

pen li¹bo³ ScpPdq to ask sHu¹dja³ FgpORaq

notebook li¹u le-ra³m

a

Scpg SVhQaqNa

to reply, answer hesHµ¹ VhFep

classroom ro³ku³ QdqAgq to play la¹vç-³ SapWViq

eraser jwopli³ RTdLScq to remember to-³ni– IVdqKVc

ruler tµ-¹bo³ IVepPdq to forget sHo³ta¹pa-¹ FdqIapLVap

paper li¹pli³ ScpLScq to explain hesHo¹ VhFdp

uganda - internal displacement monitoring centre

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