ugs 303 review - philosophical.spacephilosophical.space/303/finalreview.pdf · ugs 303 review...

Fall 2017

UGS 303 Review

Monday, December 11, 17

Hume

• Is/ ought--normativity

• feelings as the foundation for ought

• two-level theory, enlightenment


Hume

• Reason, passion

• Is and ought

• feeling, morality

• Enlightenment, two-level theory


Marx• communism--abolition of

private property

• patterned theory of justice--from each according to....

• essence of humanity to produce, to make--means of production

• class struggle--bourgeoisie and proletariat


Marx• Dictatorship of proletariat, vs

bourgeoisie

• Class conflict

• Materialist, two-level theory

• Communism---abolition of private property---Marxism as practiced

• Consciousness, life

• Vision of a Communist society


Nietzsche• God is dead!

• No eternal facts, no absolute truths

• science should be playful

• Relativist, historicist

• two-level theory--material, biochemical basis


Nietzsche• Historicist

• Relativism, two-level theory, chemistry

• God is dead!

• Irrationality, will to power

• Cultural criticism

• Redefine value, become who you are


Dostoevsky• Anointed--society as split

into two groups, shepherds and the sheep

• Burden of freedom-- people want to be taken care of-- freedom vs. happiness

• The self vs. God as source of values

• Conservative--ordered liberty-- philosophy of


Dostoevsky

• Paradox of the anointed

• Conservative, critic of socialism, vision of good for mankind can come only from yourself, narcissism

• Religion, dignity, respect


Shaw• Golden rule--no golden rule!

• Cynicism about traditional values, institutions, education, marriage, ....

• You are the window through which you see the world

• Relativism

• Socialism


Shaw

• Golden rule: no golden rules

• Cynicism, weakness of will, temptation

• Opposite of traditional moral rules

• Greatest benefactor: destroy


Remarque

• Fought in WW1

• Loss of innocence

• Chance, indifferent

• Society lied to us; trust fades with the first death they see

• Distrust the leaders


Kipling• Civilization is under threat--

fight back! Willingness to use violence.

• Rhymes!

• Reclaim traditional values

• Moral complexity

• Imperialism

• Social capital


Kipling

• Social capital

• Civilization

• Willingness to use violence

• Future, multiple generations

• Law of the jungle


Freud• Dreams

• Fulfillment of wishes

• Manifest and latent content

• Id, ego, superego

• Death wish

• Pleasure principle, reality principle


Freud

• Dreams

• Wish-fulfillment

• Id, ego, superego


Fitzgerald

• Lost generation

• Finding identity--I know myself, but that is all!

• Excluded middle-- Nietzsche vs. Tolstoy (Dostoevsky)

• Loss of morals--losing virtues--no more heroes


Fitzgerald

• No more heroes

• I know myself, but that is all!

• New generation


Mussolini• Fascism

• The state! We get value from the state

• Absolutism-- with or against us, for or against the state, militaristic

• Regaining glory of ancient Rome

• Futurism--violence--new--


Mussolini• All classes serve the State

• Symbols, social myths

• Against individualism

• Collective, everything within State

• Fascism

• Propaganda


Christie• Truth

• Deception, secrets, lies

• Unreliable narrator

• Logic, reason, inquiry

• Knowledge, evidence

• Women, intuition, good detectives


Christie

• Truth, something to hide

• Weakness of will

• Temptation


Murdoch

• Sun, good, Plato, objectivity

• to find reality

• language the net that keeps reality from us

• experience is particular; all theorizing is flight


Borges

• garden of the forking paths--labyrinths--time as branching and converging

• responsibility--imagine decision as already having been made

• missing explanation argument against idealism


Churchill• conscience

• courage

• folly of appeasement

• Iron Curtain

• Civilization hangs on a few who are willing and able to fight for it

• Democracy's dilemma


Other Writers• Wilson

• Coolidge

• Yeats

• Eliot

• Pirandello

• Roosevelt

• Forster

• Camus

• Lewis

• Hayek


Other Writers• Quine

• Ferlinghetti

• Lyotard

• Rawls

• Nozick

• Didion

• Reagan

• Solzhenitsyn

• Havel

• Rilke


Concepts• Two-level theory

• Manifest and scientific images

• Normativity

• Relativism

• Vision of the Anointed


Concepts• Paradox of the Anointed

• Narcissism

• Social Capital

• Relativism

• Realism

• Idealism


Concepts• Abstractionism

• Cubism

• Futurism

• Surrealism

• Dada


Concepts• Conservativism

• Socialism

• Communism

• Fascism

• Distributive Justice


Concepts• End-result theory

• Patterned theory

• Historical theory

• Original position

• Veil of ignorance


Concepts• Existentialism

• Subjectivism

• Noncognitivism

• Objectivity

• Paradox of subjectivism


Concepts• Pluralism

• Distributed knowledge

• Public choice theory

• Indeterminacy of translation

• Postmodernism


Concepts

• Wagon train morality

• Containment

• Romanticism

• Gleichshaltung


ugs 303 review - philosophical.spacephilosophical.space/303/finalreview.pdf · ugs 303 review...

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