uinston cercili – udidesi britaneli - gfsis.org · vel bavsvobaze, brwyinvale ganatlebasa da ......

2002 wels Catarebulma gamokiTxvam yvela drois udides britanelad uinston

CerCili daasaxela. marTlac, misi gardacvalebidan ormocdaaTi wlis Semdegac

CerCilis saxeli yvelam icis da didi albaTobiT arc arasodes gaqreba istoriis

furclebidan.

mainc rogor gaxda CerCili ase saTayvano britaneTSi da mTel msoflioSi?

rogor miaRwia am adamianma pativiscemas rogorc sakuTari momxreebis, ise

mowinaaRmdegeebisa da mtrebis mxridan?

uinston CerCilis cxovrebaze aseulobiT

sqeltaniani wignia dawerili. maTSi umetesad

CerCilis politikuri kariera da britaneTi-

sa da msoflios winaSe misi Rvawlia aRwerili.

oficialuri biografiebi aseve mogviTxro-

ben mis aristokratiul warmoSobaze, uzrun-

vel bavSvobaze, brwyinvale ganaTlebasa da

mSoblebis kavSirebze, ramac mis warmatebul

karieras Seuwyo xeli. aravin davobs, rom

CerCili gamorCeuli niWiTac iyo dajildoebuli. magram imis gasarkvevad, Tu ro-

gor gaxda es adamiani msoflio mniSvnelobis moRvawe, es sakmarisi araa. Tu ufro

yuradRebiT davakvirdebiT CerCilis ymawvilobis periods, rodesac misi xasiaTi

da faseulobebi yalibdeboda, maSin bevri ram ufro gasagebi gaxdeba.

uinston CerCili – udidesi britaneli (1874-1965)

gamoCenili adamianebi

giorgi badriZe

„mudmivi Zalisxmeva da ara Zala an Wkua – ai ra aris Cveni SesaZleblobebis gasaRebi“.

14

uinston CerCili (Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill) daibada 1874 wels

erT-erT uZveles inglisur aris-

tokratiul ojaxSi. mamamisi, lordi

rendolf spenser-CerCili, marlbo-

ros hercogis mesame vaJi iyo (hercogis

tituli mxolod ufros vaJ ze gadadis,

amitom arc CerCilis mama da arc Tavad

uinstoni hercogebi ar yofilan). ren-

dolf CerCili cnobili politikosi

iyo da erTxans britaneTis imperiis

finansTa ministris Tanamdebobac eka-

va. britanul politikur sistemaSi

finansTa ministri (Chancellor of the Ex-chequer ) premier-ministris Semdeg Ta-

visi mniSvnelobiT meore umaRlesi Ta-

namdebobaa. uinstonis deda amerikeli milionris Svili iyo, ase rom, mas marTlac

yvelafriT uzrunvelyofili bavSvoba da garantirebulad warmatebuli momavali

unda hqonoda.

uinston CerCils Tavisi xangrZ-

livi politikuri karieris ganmav-

lobaSi ekava britaneTis mTavrobis

yvela mniSvnelovani samoqalaqo Tu

samxedro Tanamdeboba, maT Soris

orjer iyo qveynis premier-minist-

ri. is aRiarebulia, rogorc meore

msoflio omSi hitlerze gamarjve-

bis erT-erTi mTavari Semoqmedi. amis

garda, is cnobilia, rogorc msoflios yvela

drois erT-erTi udidesi oratori, xolo misi

mogonebebis krebulebi da sxva literaturuli

naSromebi moculobiT ufro didia, vidre uiliam

Seqspiris da Carlz dikensis nawarmoebebi erTad

aRebuli. literaturuli moRvaweobisTvis Cer-

Cilma nobelis premiac ki miiRo. misi niWis kidev

erTi gamoxatulebaa misi ferweruli tiloebi,

romlebic bolo wlebSi milionobiT dolaradaa

Sefasebuli.

miuxedavad yvelafrisa, Tu ufro yuradRebiT

davakvirdebiT CerCilis ymawvilkacobis peri-

ods, misi warmateba sulac ar iyo garantirebuli.

misi bavSvoba ar yofila uRrublo da ia-vardiT

mofenili.

uinston CerCili - udidesi britaneli

uinston CerCili (marjvniv) dedasa da Zma jekTan erTad, 1889

skolis moswavle CerCili

„simamace adamianis umTavresi

Tvisebaa, radgan yvela danarCeni mis

gareSe uZluria“.

15

uinston CerCils mamasTan pataraobidanve Zalian rTuli urTi-

erToba hqonda. ufro sworad, mamas is saerTod ar ainteresebda da

uins toni amas Zalian ganicdida. mis mimarT gansakuTrebuli siT-

boTi da yuradRebiT arc deda gamoirCeoda. uinstonis adreuli

bavSvobis erTaderTi axlobeli da mfarveli misi ZiZa iyo.

rogorc britaneTis maRal wreSi iyo miRebuli, uinstoni sko-

la-internatSi miabares saswavleblad. ojaxidan adreul asakSi

mowyveta yovelTvis rTulia, magram im bavSvebisTvis, vinc bunebam

kargi fizikuri monacemebiTa da xasiaTis simtkiciT ar daajildova,

ojaxidan moSorebiT saswavlebelSi cxovreba gansakuTrebiT didi

gamocdaa. uinstoni ki taniT dabali da fizikurad susti iyo, Tan

enac Zlier ebmoda. rogorc misi axloblebi aRniSnavdnen, bavSvoba-

Si mas seriozuli kompleqsebi stanjavda da maT Soris yvelaze didi

problema SiSi iyo. diax, uinston CerCili, msoflios yvela drois

erT-erTi udidesi samxedro lideri, bavSvobaSi SiSiT itanjeboda

da yvelaferi, rasac man miaRwia, swored am SiSis da sxva seriozuli

winaaRmdegobebis gadalaxvis Sedegad gaxda SesaZlebeli.

yvelaze didi niWi, romelic uinston CerCils aRmoaCnda, uzomo

nebisyofa iyo. is yvelafers akeTebda dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad. uinston CerCili samxed-ro formaSi, 1895

uinston CerCili Royal Scots Fusiliers-is me-6 batalionis xelmZRvaneli, 1916

„simamace gaZlevs Zalas, rom adge da Tqva, magram zogjer dajdomas da mosmenasac simamace sWirdeba“.


16

magaliTad gamodgeba misi brZola sakuTari metyvelebis defeqtTan, romelic

dauRalavi varjiSiT ise daamarcxa, rom CerCilis SemorCenil audioCanawerebSi

mis kvalsac ki ver ipoviT.

uinston CerCilis karierac mravali

winaaRmdegobiT da sirTuliT aRsavse

aRmoCnda. mas SeeZlo uzrunvelyofili

da wynari samsaxuri eSova, magram axal-

gazrdobidanve didi miznebi hqonda da

Tan Tavgadasavlebis moyvaruli iyo.

amitom 1893 wels skolis dasrulebis

Semdeg man prestiJul samxedro saswavlebelSi – sandherstSi gadawyvita swavlis

gagrZeleba. sandherstma axalgazrda CerCili orjer gamoistumra uariT, mag ram

rogorc es Tavisi cxovrebis manZilze man bevrjer daamtkica, is sirTuleebs aras-

d ros nebdeboda da CerCilma misaRebi gamocda mesame mcdelobis Semdeg Caabara.

CerCilis samxedro karierac uCveulo aRmoCnda. mas SeeZlo dawinaureba ojax-

uri kavSirebis gamoyenebiT mieRo, magram amis nacvlad dedis gavlenas im drois

yvelaze cxel wertilebSi mosaxvedrad iyenebda.

CerCilis pirveli mivlineba kubaze, sadac am dros espaneTisgan damoukideblo-

bis mosapoveblad omi mimdinareobda, ar yofila dakavSirebuli samxedro opera-

ciebSi monawileobasTan. CerCili samxedro korespondentad muSaobda da sikvdils

SemTxveviT gadaurCa, rodesac amboxebulebma cecxli gauxsnes. misma statiebma

maleve miipyres sazogadoebis yuradReba – aSkara iyo, rom avtori mwerlis didi

niWiT iyo dajildoebuli.

momdevno mivlinebebis dros indoeTSi, egvipteSi, sudansa Tu samxreT afrikaSi

CerCili sakuTari surviliT monawileobda yvelaze rTul samxedro operaciebSi

da iseTi STabeWdileba iqmneboda, TiTqos beds scdida. indoeTSi yofnisas misi

roli sakuTari polkis polos gundSi TamaSiT Semoifargleboda, magram CerCilis

moT xovniT is avRaneTis sazRvarze sadazvervo jgufis SemadgenlobaSi gaagza-

vnes, sadac sikvdils saswaulebrivad gadaurCa. maTi razmi puStunebis (aRmosav-

leTiranuli eTnikuri jgufis xalxi, romelic ZiriTadad cxovrobs avRAneTsa da

pakistanSi) CasafrebaSi moxvda da danakargebiT ukan daixia ise, rom daRupulebis

gvamebis datoveba mouwia. CerCilisTvis es miuRebeli iyo, magram meTaurisgan

razmTan erTad ukan dabrunebaze kategoriuli uari miiRo. CerCili warumateblo-

bas ar Sehguebia. man Svebuleba aiRo sakuTari xelmZRvanelobisgan, oRond dasven-

ebis nacvlad is sxva razms SeuerTda da misi meTauri daarwmuna, rom sarisko ope-

racia CaetarebinaT da dacemuli britaneli oficrebis da jariskacebis gvamebi

gamoe ta naT. amisTvis orkviriani brZolebi gadaitanes, magram CerCilma mizans mi-

aRwia. Tavis CanawerebSi CerCili

werda, rom ar icoda, Rirda Tu

ara amdeni msxverplis gaReba ukve

daRupuli meomrebisTvis, magram

mas sxva gvarad ar SeeZlo. CerCilis


„warmateba araa saboloo, marcxi araa

gamousworebeli: mTavaria simamace, rom

kvlavac SegeZlos Zalisxmeva“.

„Tu cxovrebis gzaze jojoxeTs ga

dixar, gaagrZele siaruli“.

17

monaTxrobi malakandis brZolis Sesaxeb wignad gamoica da didi warmateba moi-

pova. mas Semdeg CerCili regularulad aqveynebda statiebs britaneTis wamyvan

gazeTebSi, maT Soris „deili telegrafSi“.

indoeTis Semdeg CerCili egviptesa da sudanSi miavlines, sadac man araerT brZo-

laSi miiRo monawileoba, maT Soris britanuli armiis istoriaSi ukanasknel saka-

valerio SetevaSi. mis afrikul kampaniebsac brwyinvaled dawerili publicistu-

ri angariSebi mohyva, ramac CerCils saxeli gauTqva da politikuri karierisTvis

moamzada. man Tavi daaneba samxedro samsaxurs da mTeli Tavisi Zalisxmeva politi-

kas da publicistikas dauTmo.

pirveli warumatebeli saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg man, rogorc gazeT

„morning postis“ samxedro korespondentma, isev frontis xazisken aiRo gezi, am-

jerad samxreT afrikaSi, sadac britaneTi burebTan omSi iyo Cabmuli.

erT-erTi sadazvervo operaciis dros samxedro SenaerTi, romelsac CerCili

axlda Tan, alyaSi aRmoCnda da tyved Cavarda. TanamebrZolebi aRniSnavdnen, rom

CerCilma mamacobiT yvela gaaoca. sakuTari xasiaTidan gamomdinare, igi tyveobas

ver Seegueboda, amitom pretoriis samxedro tyveebis banakidan maleve gaiqca da

TiTqmis xuTasi kilometri gaiara, sanam mokavSireebs SeuerTdeboda. CerCili arc

amis Semdeg gaCerebula – man moiTxova samxedro samsaxurSi dabruneba da britanul

jars im samxedro banakisken gauZRva, sadac Tavisi datyvevebuli TanamebrZolebi

eguleboda. CerCilma piradad daatyveva aTeulobiT buri da britanel samxedro

tyveTa banaki gaaTavisufla.

uinston CerCili –koloniebis mi nistris moadgile – parlamentisaken miemarTeba

„omSi – simtkice, marcxSi – utexoba, gamarjvebaSi - didsulovneba“.


18

es istoriebi imaze metyvelebs, rom miuxe-

davad karieris gakeTebis survilisa, CerC-

ilis moqmedebebs yovelTvis mkafio prin-

cipebi da faseulobebi gansazRvravdnen.

is verasdros miatovebda TanamebrZols da

mzad iyo sakuTari sicocxle gaeriska, rom

Tundac brZolis velze dacemuli meomris

gvami ar daetovebina.

CerCilis samxedro da politikuri kariera mWidrod iyo gadajaWvuli. meore

mcde lobis Semdeg, 1900 wels, is parlamentis wevri gaxda konservatiuli parti-

idan. mas principebisTvis politikaSic ar uRalatia maSinac ki, rodesac erTi

partiidan meoreSi gadasula. amis gakeTeba mas Semdeg mouwia, rodesac konser-

vatiuli partiis proteqcionizmze dafuZnebuli ekonomikuri politika misT-

vis miuRebeli aRmoCnda. parlamentSi gamosvlisas CerCilma proteqcionizmi

(ucxoeTidan importirebuli saqonlis dabegvra sakuTari mwarmoeblebisTvis

upiratesobis Seqmnis mizniT) Semdegnairad daaxasiaTa: „gadasaxadebis SemoReba

xalxis keTildReobis amaRlebas imediT hgavs saTlSi mdgomi kacis mcdelobas, sa-

kuTari Tavi saTlis saxeluriT aswios“.

1904 wels liberalur partiaSi gadasvlis Semdeg is dauRalavad iRvwoda Tavis-

ufali vaWrobis principebis dasanergad. 1905 wels misi samTavrobo karie rac dai-

wyo, rodesac liberalebis kabinetSi is koloniebis ministris moadgiled dainiSna.

amis Semdeg is savaWro sabWos preziden-

tad daawinaures. misi iniciativiT, pir-

velad britaneTis istoriaSi SemoiRes

Sromis minimaluri anazRaureba, rac

SromiT urTierTobebSi didi wingadadg-

muli nabiji iyo. man daaarsa Sromis bir-

Ja da aseve monawileoba miiRo umuSevro-

bis Semweobisa da erovnuli dazRvevis

kanonmdeblobis SemuSavebaSi.

1911 wels uinston CerCili britane-

Tis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrad dainiSna.

am Tanamdebobaze mas bevri usiamovne-

ba da sirTule Sexvda: mouwia maRaro-


uinston CerCili (dgas WiSkarTan pirveli, Tavze cilindriT) policiis operaciaSi monawileobisas londonSi, 1911.

„kapitalizms keTildReobis uTanasworo

ganawileba axasiaTebs, xolo socializms –

siRatakis Tanaswori ganawileba“.

uinston CerCili britaneTis sazRvao flotis ministris rangSi portsmuTSi, 1914 wlis aprili

19

elebis gamosvlebis CaxSoba da qalTa saarCevno uflebebisTvis mebrZolebTan

dapirispireba, miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavad am sakiTxze referendumis Catarebis

momxre iyo. is sastikad gaakritikes, rodesac piradad miiRo monawileoba polici-

is operaciaSi, romelic londonis erT-erT quCaze anarqisti teroristebisgan

mZevlebis ganTavisuflebas isaxavda miznad. mas, rogorc ministrs, bunebrivia, ar

evaleboda borotmoqmedebTan SeiaraRebul SetakebaSi monawileoba, magram, ro-

gorc misi Tanamedroveebi ambobdnen, CerCils ar SeeZlo ar yofiliyo brZolis

SuagulSi.

CerCili maleve dainiSna britaneTis

sazRvao flotis ministrad (The First Lord Of Admiralty), rac msoflios udidesi sam-

xedro sazRvao Zalebis meTaurobas niS-

navda. man aqac gamoavlina Tavisi midre-

kileba progresisa da inovaciisken. misi

iniciativiT daiwyo TviTmfrinavebis

gamoyeneba samxedro daniSnulebiT, is

monawileobda sabrZolo teqnikis axali saxeobis – tankebis SemuSavebaSi da brita-

nuli floti navTobis sawvavze gadaiyvana (manamde britanuli gemebis absolutu-

ri umravlesoba qvanaxSirze muSaobda).

am nabijs Zalian mniSvnelovani strategiuli Sedegebi mohyva. britaneTis Tvis

aucilebeli gaxda msoflios navTobiT mdidar regionebze sakuTari gavlenis

gavrceleba. amis gamo axlo aRmosavleTma da kavkasiis regionma britaneTisTvis

axali mniSvneloba SeiZines. sul male, pirveli msoflio omis damTavrebisTanave,

amave mizeziT saqarTvelo CerCilis da britaneTis interesis sagani gaxda. CerCi-

li Cvens qveyanas pirvel rigSi kaspiis navTobze gasasvlelad ganixilavda da aseve

mokavSired bolSevikuri ruseTis winaaRmdeg. britaneTis jarebma kavkasiidan ger-

manelebi gaaZeves da saqarTveloSi da azerbaijanSi mravalaTasiani Zalebi ganal-

ages. maTi mTavari daniSnuleba baqodan

baTumSi navTobis Seuferxebeli trans-

portirebis uzrunvelyofa iyo.

1920 wels britaneTis liberalma

premier-ministrma devid loid jorjma

saqarTvelodan britanuli jaris gayva-

na gadawyvita, riTac gza gauxsna wiTe-

li armiis SemoWras da saqarTvelos

demokratiuli respublikis damxobas.

mravali wlis Semdeg CerCili werda: „is,

rom ver SevZeliT bolSevizmis CaxSoba

misi warmoSobisTanave da ruseTSi, ro-

melic maSin dasustebuli iyo, ama Tu im

gziT demokratiuli sistemis damyare-

bisTvis xelis Sewyoba, dRemde danaSau-

lad gvawevs“.deda-dedofali, gaerTianebuli samefos mefe jorj VI da uinston CerCili, 1940

„mtrebi gyavT? kargia. ese igi cxovre-baSi raRac RirebulisTvis ar giRalati-aT“.


20

pirvel msoflio omSi britaneTis gamarjvebaSi Setanili didi wvlilis miuxe-

davad, CerCilis reputacias didi dartyma miayena 1915 wlis galipolis operaciis

fiaskom, romlis dagegmvaSic igi aqtiurad monawileobda. TurqeTSi, dardanelis

srutesTan, britaneTis da Tanamegobrobis qveynebis samxedro desantis gadasxdo-

mas Sedegad 150.000 jariskacis daRupva mohyva. CerCilma maSin pasuxismgebloba sa-

kuTar Tavze aiRo da Tanamdebobidan gadadga. is dasavleTis frontze gaemgzavra

sabrZolvelad, sadac batalions meTaurobda da, rogorc yovelTvis, Tavi piradi

mamacobiT gamoiCina. mas Svid TveSi ukanve dauZaxes mTavrobaSi da zedized ram-

denime mniSvnelovani Tanamdeboba Caabares, maT Soris – Tavdacvis (omis) ministris

posti.

galipolis tragediis miuxedavad, Tavisi cxovrebis yvelaze did Secdomad Cer-

Cili finansTa ministrobis periodSi miRebul gadawyvetilebas miiCnevda: 1924 wels

is daubrunda konservatiul partias

da finansTa ministris rangSi, mrava-

li ekonomistis rCevis miuxedavad,

britaneTis valutis - girvanqa ster-

lingis - Rirebulebis oqros standar-

ti daabruna. amas Sedegad mZime ekono-

mikuri krizisi da umuSevrobis zrda

mohyva.

1929 wels konservatiuli partia damarcxda saparlamento arCevnebSi da CerCi-

li ramdenime wliT CamoSorda did politikas. man es dro mniSvnelovani saistorio

wignebis da statiebis daweras miuZRvna.

ioseb stalini, franklin delano ruzvelti da unston CerCili Teiranis konferenciaze, 1943 wlis noemberi

„pesimisti yvela SesaZleblobaSi sir-

Tules xedavs, xolo optimisti – SesaZ-

leblobas yvela sirTuleSi“.

21

1930-ian wlebSi CerCilis cxovrebaSi yvelaze didi

gamocdis dro dadga. maSin, roca britaneTSi, maT So-

ris mis sakuTar partiaSi, umravlesoba germaniaSi momZ-

lavrebul faSistebTan kompromisze wasvlas arCevda,

CerCili politikur liderebs Soris erTaderTi iyo,

vinc amtkicebda, rom hitleri da faSizmi mTeli evro-

pisTvis udides safrTxes warmoadgenda. rodesac 1938

wels britaneTis premier-ministrma nevil Cemberlenma

miunxenis garigebas moawera xeli, romliTac hitlerma

Cexoslovakiis teritoriaze germanelebiT dasaxlebu-

li regionis sudetebis aneqsiisTvis mwvane Suqi miiRo,

CerCilma winaswarmetyvelurad warmoTqva: „Tqven mo-

gecaT arCevani omsa da uRirsobas Soris. Tqven airCieT

uRirsoba da miiRebT oms“. misi sityvebi maleve asrul-

da, rodesac hitlerma Cexoslovakiis danarCeni nawilic

daipyro da yvelasTvis aSkara gaxda, rom daTmobam da

sisustis gamovlinebam mxolod gaamyara hitleris ganz-

raxva evropaSi batonobisTvis omis wamowyebis Sesaxeb.

londonma da parizma poloneTs usafrTxoebis garan-

tiebi misces, magram ukve gviani iyo. 1939 wlis 1 seqtem-

bers germania poloneTSi SeiWra, riTac omis mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda britaneTTan

da safrangeTTan. premier-ministr Cemberlens mouwia CerCilis, misi udidesi kri-

tikosis, mTavrobaSi miwveva, sadac CerCils samxedro sazRvao Zalebis xelmZRvane-

loba daevala.

CerCilma da Cemberlenma verc erTad muSaobisas miaRwies Tanxmobas: CerCili

moiTxovda, rom britaneTs jarebs strategiuli poziciebi daekavebinaT norvegia-

Si, magram Cemberleni ar daTanxmda da norvegiaSi germaniis jarebi Sevidnen. Cember-

lenma aRiara Tavisi warumatebloba da gadadga.

amis Sedegad 1940 wlis maisSi britaneTis premier-ministris Tanamdeboba uinston

CerCilma daikava. rogorc aRmoCnda, es britaneTis istoriaSi yvelaze gadamwyveti

momentis dasawyisi iyo. amave wlis zafxulSi, mas Semdeg, rac germaniam „elviseburi

omis“ Sedegad belgia, niderlandebi da safrangeTi daipyro, hitleri britaneTze

ieriSisTvis emzadeboda.

premieris Tanamdebobis dakavebisas CerCilma parlaments istoriuli sityviT

mimarTa. man Tqva: „me arafers gTavazobT, garda sisxlis, cremlis da oflisa…. Cven

bolomde vibrZolebT. vibrZolebT saf rangeTSi, vibrZolebT zRvebsa da ok ea neebSi,

vibrZolebT haerSi, Cven davicavT Cvens

kunZuls ra fasadac ar unda dagvijdes.

Cven vibrZolebT zRvis napirze, dasaf ren

bilikebze, mindvrebSi, quCebsa da mTebSi.

Cven arasdros davnebdebiT!“

uinston CerCili yurebze xmis CamxSobiT Tvals adevnebs saxazo kreiser `rinuanis~ samxedro wvrTnas, 1943 wlis seqtemberi.


„hitlers rom jojoxeTTan daewyo omi, TemTa palataSi eSmaks dadebiTad movixseniebdi“.

22

male germanulma aviaciam britaneTze ieriSi miitana. dabombvebi da sahaero or-

TabrZolebi ramdenime Tves grZeldeboda. SemodgomisTvis ukve naTeli gaxda, rom

germanulma gamanadgureblebma ver gatexes britaneli xalxis neba da didi dana-

kargebis gamo hitleri iZulebuli gaxda britaneTis dapyrobis gegmaze xeli aeRo.

britaneTis brZolis Sedegma omis da msoflios bedzec imoqmeda.

mas Semdeg, rac hitlerma ver SeZlo britaneTis damarcxeba, is sakuTar mokav-

Sires, sabWoTa kavSirs, daesxa Tavs. CerCili bolSevizms kacobriobisTvis iseTive

mtrad ganixilavda, rogorc nacizms, magram yoymanis gareSe Seudga stalinTan

aliansis Seqmnas. misTvis hitleris SeCereba upirvelesi mniSvnelobis amocana iyo.

msoflio omma CerCilis yvelaze Zlieri Tvisebebi gamoavlina – strategiuli

azrovneba, didi diplomatiuri niWi da, rac mTavaria, liderobis unari. misi ga-

mosvlebi amxnevebda britanel jariskacebs da moqalaqeebs, misma Zalisxmevam daaC-

qara britaneTis, amerikis da sabWoTa kavSiris samxedro aliansis Seqmna. CerCilma

piradad miiRo monawileoba omisSemdgomi

msoflios mowyobis SemuSavebaSi, rac sabWo-

Ta kavSirTan da stalinTan WidilSi uwevda.

germaniis damarcxebis Semdeg naTeli

gax da, rom evropa erTi dampyroblisgan

gan Tavisuflda, magram misi adgili axal-

ma daikava. sabWoTa kavSirma maleve gamoav-

lina Tavisi ganzraxva, „ganTavisuflebul“

centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi Tav-

ad gamxdariyo mbrZanebeli, ramac yofil

mokav Sireebs Soris axali dapirispireba ga-

moiwvia.

CerCili xalxs mimarTavs, 1945

CerCili maiamiSi Svebulebis dros, 1946 23

CerCilma, romelmac omis damTavrebis

Semdeg premier-ministris Tanamdeboba

datova (1945 wlis arCevnebSi konserva-

tiuli partia moulodnelad damarcxda),

1946 wels amerikis qalaq fultonSi, sa-

dac is aSS-is prezidentis hari trumenis

miwveviT imyofeboda, sityviT gamosvlisas pirvelma daarqva Tavisi saxeli axal

realobas: „Stetinidan baltiis zRvaze, triestemde adriatikaSi, kontinentze,

rkinis farda Camowva“, – Tqva man da mouwoda amerikis SeerTebul Statebs, raTa

msoflioSi Tavisuflebis dasacavad mtkice kavSiri Seekra britaneTTan da msof-

lios yvela demokratiul saxelmwifosTan.

CerCilis ZalisxmeviT aSS-sa da britaneTs WeSmaritad gansakuTrebuli urTi-

erTobebi CamouyalibdaT da dRemde yvelaze axlo partniorebad rCebian.

1952 wels CerCilma kidev erTxel moaxerxa premier-ministris postze dabrune-

ba. am periods ukavSirdeba pirveli britanuli birTvuli bombis gamocda (britane-

Tis birTvuli programa 1940 wels CerCilis iniciativiT daiwyo), ramac britaneTi

msoflioSi aSS-is da ssrk-is Semdeg mesame birTvul saxelmwifod aqcia. Rrmad mo-

xu ci CerCili, romelsac janmrTelobis problemebi awuxebda, 1955 wels gadadga.

man Tavisi danarCeni cxovreba weras da xatvas miuZRvna. CerCilis Rvawli mis

cxovrebaSive iyo dafasebuli. is literaturis dargSi nobelis premiis laureati

gaxda. dedofalma elisabedma CerCils londonis hercogis tituli SesTavaza,

Tumca sabolood garteris (britaneTis

umaRlesi rainduli ordeni) raindoba

miiRo da mas Semdeg ser uinston Cer-

Cilad iwodeba. aSS-is prezidentma jon

kenedim mas amerikis sapatio moqalaqeo-

ba mianiWa. sul bolo dromde CerCilis

biusti aSS-is prezidentis ovalur kabi-

netSi idga.

ledi nensi astori: „Tqven rom Cemi qmari iyoT, CaiSi sawamlavs CagiyridiT.“

CerCili: „nensi, Tqveni qmari rom viyo, aucileblad davlevdi“.

„amerikelebi yovelTvis sworad iqcevi-an... mas Semdeg, rac yvela sxva gzas scdian“.


24

bunebrivia, adamiani, romelmac amgvari cxovrebis gza ganvlo, istoriis kuTv-

nilebaa. magram CerCili yovelTvis gamorCeuli iqneba sxva politikosebisgan imiT,

rom misi mamoZravebeli Zala ara mxolod karieris gakeTebis survili, aramed mtki-

ce principebi iyo, romelTa gamo araerTxel uTqvams uari wynar cxovrebaze. mas

sjeroda, rom adamianebi imsaxurebdnen Tavisuflebas da Rirseul cxovrebas da

rom amisTvis Rirda brZola.

CerCili arc gasaRmerTeblad gamodgeba. mas uamravi nakli da mavne Cveva hqon-

da: is axalgazrdobidan svamda uzomod da ganuyreli iyo Tavis sayvarel kubur

siga rebTan. igi SeiZleba uxeSi da utaqtoc yofiliyo (Tumca aseT SemTxvevebSic ki

inar Cunebda gamorCeul iumoris grZnobas).

da mainc, CerCili istoriis erT-erTi didi gmiria, romelmac usixarulo bavSvo-

ba gamoiara, ymawvilobaSi martom daamarcxa sakuTari sisuste da daamtkica, rom

simamace an Tundac gmiroba ar niSnavs SiSis arqonas, simamace SiSis gadalaxvas

niSnavs – moqmedebas SiSis miuxedavad. amitom is namdvil mebrZolad Camoyalibda,

romelic araerT sastik brZolaSi gauZRva TanamebrZolebs, xolo meore msoflio

omSi – mTel britanel ers da gaamarjvebina.


uinston CerCili meuRlesa da SviliSvilebTan erTad, 1951

25

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