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Comparative Manifesto Project

DATAS~ CMPr3Programmatic Profiles of Political Parties

in 20 Countries, 1945-1988

Third updated edlhon

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE

All works which use or refer to these data should carry the following reference.

Dataaet CMPr3 (Author A Volkens), Comparahve Manrfestos Project, Science Center Berlin,Research Unit Instltutlons and Socml Change (Duector H -D Khngcmsnn) m cooperationwrth the Msmfesto Research Group (Chairman I Budge)

A. VollrensWlsaenschaftszentrum Berlur fur Somlforxhung

Relchpletschufer 5010785 Berhrr

Tcl 030-25491314

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1

2

3

4

5

CMPr3 Dataset Descnptlon

Parties, Tune Periods, and Documents Covered

A

212223242526272829210211212213214215216217

B

218219220

OECD-Countnes

AustrahaAustriaBelgmmCanadaDenmarkFranceGermanyIrelandItalyJapanLuxembourgThe NetherlandsNew ZealandNorwaySwedenUmted IGrrgdomUmted States

Other Countnes

IsraelNorthern IrelandSn Lanka

Variables Covered

Data Llstmg

Appendix Coding Procedures

Page

3

10

1115

;:33414953586668727781849094

97115118

121

132

164

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1. CMPr3 Dataset Description

This documentation has been generated as part of the ‘Womparatwe Mamfestos Project”(CMP) The project is supported by the Research Umt “Instrtutlons and Social Change” of theScience Center Berhn for Social Research (WZB)

The Comparatwe Marufestos Project Ma continuation, of the “Mamfestos Research Project”headed by Ian Budge, Umverslty of Essex It budds on the publicly avadable data that havebeen collected by the ECPR Mamf?sto Reseuch Group and deposited at the ESRC DataArchwe, Umverslty of Essex Tins dataset consists of 1018 electlon prograrnmes (or theunearest equwalent) m 20 cmrntnes The post-war period untd the early 1980s Mcovered Theopportumty to expand this umque data-collechon Mgratefully acknowledged

The Comparatwe Mamfestos Project extends the data-base’ to all OECD countnes andselected other countries In addlhon It updates the exlstmg country mformatron for each newelectlon These data are an integral pyt of a number of substantwe projects on parties andparty systems m democratic regimes .The data are distributed by the ESRC Data ~chlve,Colchester, and the Zentralarchw fur ernpmche Sozlalforschung, Umversltat zu Kofn

Data Collectors Bara, J, Eahng College (London),Bergman, T, Urnverslty of Umea,Budge, 1, Umverslty of f%sex,Dlttrlch, K, Umverslty of Llmburg (Maastricht),Elhott, S , Queen’s University (Belfast),Hesrl, D J , Unwerslty of Exeter,Hofferbert, R 1, State Umverslty of New York at BmghrptonHolmstedt, M, Umverslty of Bradford,Homer, F, Unwerslty of Salzburg,Inoguch], T, Unlverslty of Tokyo,Irwne, W P, Queen’s Urrwerslty (IGngston),Keman, H , Free Umverslty of Amsterdam,Kfmgemann, H D , Wlssenschaftszentrum Berlin,Laver, M, Umverslry College (Galway),Lelpsrt, J, Umyerslty of Bergen,Malr, P, Umverslty of Manchester,Manor, J, Umversity of Lmcester,Maatropaolo, A, Umverslty of Turin,Papadopoulos, Y., Umversltt de Lausanne,P6try, F, Umverslty of Mamtoba (Wmmpeg),Ralfmgs, C, Plymouth Polytechmc,Robertson, D R, St. Hugh’s College (Oxford),Schou, T L, Umverslty of Copenhagen,SIater, M , Umverslty of Essex,Strom, K, UCC San Diego,Tops, P, ~he Netherlands),VolJrens, A, Wlssenschaftszentrum Berhn.

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CMPr3-files CMPr3.sys: SPSS-PC+ system-fileCMPr3.asc: ascii-file + Readme.asc (set-up)

Purpose The internal analysis of election programmed (i.e. of the concerns and emphasesthey obtain) in comparative context

Cases 1160 content-anaiyzed election programmed (or their nearest equivalents)l from 162parties in 20 countries, identified by a party identification number (variable: party), the yearand month of the election (variable: date) and a country identification number (variable:country)

Time Period CoveredCode Counrty

63 Ad

42 Aut21 Bel62 Can13 Den31 Fra41 Ger53 Ire32 Ita71 Jap23 hx

22 Net64 New12 Nor11 Swe51 UK61 USA

AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaDenmarkFranceGermanyIrelandItalyJapanLuxembourgThe NetherlandsNew ZealandNorwaySwedenUnited KingdomUnited States

Electionsfirst-last’

1946-19871949-19861946-19871945-19881945-19881946-19881949-19871948-19871946-19871960-19801945-19841946-19861946-19871945-19851948-19881945-19871948-1988

Nos’18121515

1:

131511

;:11

CoveredParties4

4

1;4

158

125

1145939634

72 Isr Israel 1949-1988 12 3452 Nir Northern Ireland 1945-1973 873 Sri Sri Lanka 1947-1977 7 ;

Total 248 162

Casess63

1%

lU524640783038694171713924

1082113

1160

1 see section 2 for countq specific details2 elections for which documents am coded3 number of elections covered4 excluding electoral alliances5 number of coded documems

Parties Covered

11110 ‘SWE Ecology Party’11220 ‘SWE VK COmmumst Party’11320 ‘SWE SSA Socml Democrats’11420 ‘SWE FP Peoples Party’11620 ‘SWE MS Moderate Umty Party’11810 ‘SWE CP Centre Party’

12220 ‘NOR NKP Commumst Party’12221 ‘NOR SLP Socmhst Left Party’12320 ‘NOR DNA Labour Party’12410 ‘NOR DLF Liberal Peoples Paty’12420 ‘NOR Ven Liberals’12520 ‘NOR KF Chnstlan Peoples Party’12620 ‘NOR Hoyre Cmrservahves’12810 ‘NOR SP Centre Party’12951 ‘NOR FP Progress Party’

13210 ‘DEN VS Left Soclabst Party’13220 ‘DEN DKP Commumst Party’13221 ‘DEN Common Course’13230 ‘DEN SF Soclalrst Peoples Party’13320 ‘DEN Soc Social Democrahc Party’13330 ‘DEN CD Centre Democrats’13410 ‘DEN RadVen Radical Liberal Party’13420 ‘DEN Ven Liberal Party’13421 ‘DEN 1P Independent Party’13422 ‘DEN LC Liberal Centre’13520 ‘DEN KrlstFol Chnstm Peoples Party’13620 ‘DEN Kens Conservative Peoples Party’13951 ‘DEN Frem Progress Party’13952 ‘DEN Rets Justice Party’13953 ‘DEN DU Damsh Umf;catlon’

21320 ‘BEL PSB-BSP Soclahst Party’ ,21321 ‘BEL SP Flemlsh Socmhst Party’21322 ‘BEL PS Francophone Sociahst Party’21323 ‘BEL BSP Walloon Soclahst Party’21324 ‘BEL PSB Brussels Socialist Party’21420 ‘BEL PLP-PW Liberal Party’21421 ‘BEL PW Flc.mlshLiberal Party’ I21422 ‘BEL PRL Francophone Liberal Party’21424 ‘BEL PLDP Brussels Liberal Party’21520 ‘BEL PSC-CVP Chnatlan Peoples Party’21521 ‘BEL CVP Flemrsh Chnstmn Peoples Party’21522 ‘BEL PSC Francophone Chnstmn Peoples Party’21523 ‘BEL PSC Wslloon Chnshan Peoples Party’21524 ‘BEL PSC Bmssels Chnstmrr Peoples Pmty’21911 ‘BEL RW Wslloon Rally’21912 ‘BEL FDF French-Speskmg Front’21913 ‘BEL DU Flemrsh People’s Umon’21991 ‘BEL PS/PSC/FDF’21992 ‘BEL PIJFDF

6

22310 ‘NET: PPR Radical Political Party’22320 ‘NET PvdA Labour Party’22330 ‘NET D 66 Democrats 66’22420 ‘NET: VVD Liberal Partv’22521 “NET CDA Christian Democratic Appeal’22522 ‘NET. KVP Catholic Peoples Party’22523 ‘NET ARP Anti-Revolutronary Party’22524 ‘NET DS 70 Democratic Socialists 70’22525 ‘NET CHU Christian Historical Union’22991 ‘NET PvdA/D66/PPR The Progressive Three’22992 ‘NET ARP/CHU/KVP’

23112 ‘LUX: GA Green Afternative’23220 ‘LUX: PCL/KPL Communist Party’23320 ‘LUX: POSL/LSAP Social Democratic Party’23420 ‘LUX: PD/DP Democratic Party’23520 ‘LUX: PCWCSV Christian Social Party’

31220 ‘FM PCF Communist Party’31320 ‘FRA: PS Socialist Party’31421 ‘FIL% RRS Radical Socialist Party’31521 ‘FRA: MRP Popular Republican Movement’31522 ‘FM. Democratic Centre’31621 ‘FfL& Gaullists’31622 ‘FR,& Conservatives’31623 ‘FRA Poujadists’31991 ‘FRA: PCF/PS’31992 ‘FRA Gaullists/Conservatives’31993 ‘FRA P!YRRS’31994 ‘FRA Centre/RRS’31995 ‘FRA: Centre/Conservatives’

32110 ‘ITA Greens’32210 ‘ITA PDUP Proletarian Unity’32211 ‘ITA. DP Proletarian Democracy’32220 ‘ITA PCI Communist Partv’32310 ‘ITA. PR Radical Party’ -32320 ‘ITA PSI Socialist Party’32330 ‘ITA PSDI Social Democratic Party’32410 ‘ITA PRI Republican Party’32420 ‘ITA: PLI Liberal Party’32520 ‘ITA DC Christian Democratic Party’32710 ‘ITA MSI-DN Social Movement’

41111 ‘GER: The Greens’41220 ‘GER: KPD Communist Party’41320 ‘GER: SPD Social Democrats’41420 ‘GER: FDP Free Democratc Party’41521 ‘GER: CDU/CSU Christian Democratic Union’41522 ‘GER: DZ Centre Party’41620 ‘GER: DP German Party’41711 ‘GER: WAV Economic Reconstruction League’41712 ‘GER: DKPmRP German Reich Party’41911 ‘GER: BP Bavarian Party’41912 ‘GER: SSW South Schleswig Voters League’41951 ‘GER: GB/BHE Refugee Party’

7

42110 ‘AUT GA Green Alternates’42320 ‘AUT SPO Soclahsts’42420 ‘AUT FPO Freedom Party’42520 ‘AUT OVP Peoples Party’

51320 ‘UK Labour Party’51420 ‘UK Llbcral Party’51620 ‘UK Conservatwe Party’51991 ‘UK Alhance’

52320 ‘NIR Labour Party’52620 ‘NIR”Umontst Party’52710 ‘NIR Nahonahst Party’

53220 ‘IRE WP Workers Party’53320 ‘IRE Labour Party’53420 ‘IRE PDP Progresswe Democratic Party’53520 ‘IRE Fme Gael’53620 ‘IRE Fmna Fad’53991 ‘IRE CcmMon’

61320 ‘USA Democrats’61620 ‘USA Repubhcans’61622 ‘USA Progresswe Party’61911 ‘USA States Right Party’

62320 ‘CAN NDP New Democratic Party’62420 ‘CAN Liberal P@y’62620 ‘CAN”Con Progresswe Ccmservatwe Party’62951 ‘CAN Socml Credit’

63320 ‘AUL ALP Labour Party’63330 ‘AUL Dcmocrauc Labour Party’63620 ‘AUL LP Liberal Party’63810 ‘AUL NCP Nahonrd Country Party’

64320 ‘NEW Labour Party’64620 ‘NEW NahonaJ Party’64951 ‘NEW Social CrcddDemocratlc Party’

71220 ‘JAP JCP Kyessnto’71320 ‘JAP JSP Shakano’71530 ‘JAP CGP Komelto’71620 ‘JAP LDP Jlyummshuto’ ,

8

72220 ‘ISR: Maki Communist Party’72221 ‘ISR: Moked/Shelli’72222 ‘ISR: Progressive List For Peace’72225 ‘ISR: Rakah/Hadash’72310 ‘ISR: Ratz Citizens Rights Movement’72311 ‘ISR: Mapam United Workers Party’72320 ‘ISR: Ma-arach I Alignment 1’72321 ‘ISR. Ma-arach H Alignment 11’72322 ‘ISR: Rafi Reshimat Poalei Israel’72323 ‘ISR: ILP Labour Party’72324 ‘lSR Mapai Workers Party’72325 ‘ISR: Achdut Ha-avodah’72410 ‘ISR: Progressive/Independent Liberal’72411 ‘ISR: Liberal Party’72412 ‘ISR: Dash Democratic Movement for Change’72413 ‘ISR: Shinui Change’72414 ‘ISR: Yachad Together’72420 ‘ISR: General Zionist’72425 ‘ISR. Ometz Courage’72530 ‘ISR: National Religious Party’72531 ‘ISR: Agudat Israel’72532 ‘ISR Tami Movement for Tradition’72533 ‘ISR: Shas Sephardi Torah Movement’72534 ‘ISR: Morasha Heritage’72610 ‘ISR Free Centre’72611 ‘ISR: State List’72612 ‘ISR: Tehiya Renaissance Movement’72613 ‘ISR: Tsomet Crossroads’72614 ‘ISR: Degel Hatorah’72615 ‘ISR: Moledet Homeland’72620 ‘ISR: Herut Freedom Partv’72621 ‘ISR: Gahal Freedom Lib&al B1ocF72622 ‘ISR: Likud Union’72623 ‘ISR: Shlomzion Peace for Zion’

73310 ‘SRI: SLFP Freedom Party’73330 ‘SRI: UNP United National Party’

Data Sources Original documents supplied by parties or held by national libraries/archives.Newspaper reports and/or summaries’.

Variables Fifty-six specially derived issue categories’ grouped into seven major policy areas.The coding categories are designed, as far as possible, to be comparable both betweencountries and over time.

6 see scclion 2 on country specific dcl.its7 see scc(ion 3 for de!aits

Number of Variables 63 (56 categories plus ldenhflcatlon numbers for countnes, parties,and electron years and dates)

Data Entrfes Percentages of categories Because of the different length of documents, thenumber of (qua.w-) sentences m each category M standardized taking the total number of(quasi-) sentences m the respectwe docunients as a base In the data set each of thesecategories ISa variable that represents the percentages

Sequence of Variables1 country/2 party/3 date/4 year/5 synyear/ 6 perlO1/ 7 per102/ 8 per103/ 9 per104/ 10per105/ 11 per106/ 12 per107/ 13 per108/14 per109/ 15 perl10/ 16 per201/ 17 per202/18 per203/ 19 per204/ 20 per301/ 21 per302/ 22 per303/ 23 per304/ 24 per305/ 25per401/ 26 per402/ 27 per403/ 28 per404/ 29 per405/ 30 per406/ 31 per407/ 32 per408/33 per409/ 34 per410/ 35 per411/ 36 per412/ 37 per413/ 38 per414/ 39 per415/ 40per416/ 41 per501/ 42 per502/ 43 per503/ 44 per504/ 45 per505/ 46 per506/ 47 per507/48 per601/ 49 per602/ 50 per603/ 51 per604/ 52 per605/ 53 per606/ 54 per607/ 55per608/ 56 per701/ 57 per702/ 58 per703/ 59 per704/ 60 per705/ 61 per706/ 62 uncodedl63 totaf

Publications of tbe Manifesto Research ProjectBudge, 1 and Hofferbert, R 1, Mandates and Policy Outputs U S Puty Platforms and

Federal Expcndltures (m American Pohtical Science Review 84, pp 111-131, 1990)Budge, 1, Robertson, D R and Hearl, D (eds ), Ideology, Strategy and Party Movement

Spahal Analyses of Post-War ElectIon Programmed m 19 Democracies (CambridgeCambridge Umverslty Press 1986)

Hofferbert, R I and Budge, 1, The Party Mandate and the Westminster Model ElectIonPrograrnmes and Government Spending m Bntam, 1945-1985 (m Brmsh Journal ofPohtlcal Science 22, pp 151-182, 1992)

Hofferbert, R I and Klmgemann, H -D, The Pohcy Impact of Party Programs andGovernment Declaration m the Federal Repubhc of Germany (m European Journal ofPolmcsf Research 18, pp 277-304, 1990)

Klmgemann, H -D , Hofferbert, R I and Budge, Ian, w]th Keman, H , Bergman, T, Pr5try,Fand Strom, K, Parties, Pohcles, and Democracy (Boulder Westvlew Press 1994)

Laver, Michael and Ian Budge (eds ), Party Pobcy and Government Coahtlons (Houndmdls,Basrngstoke, Hampshire, and London MacMdlan 1993)

8 see ~ppendm for detads

10

2. Parties, Time Periods, and Documents Covered

The following country-specific sections provide documentation for:

a. fists of parties and time periods covered in the dataset CMPr3

b. the documents coded

11

2.1.a Australian Parties Coded

MIRIParty ElectIonsz NOS3first-last

CM@

1 ALP-Austrafmn Labor Party 1946-1987 18 63320

21 DLP-Democratlc Labor Party 1955-1977 10 63330

18 LP-Llbcral Party of Australia 1946-1987 18 63620

7 Country Partt

1946-1987 18 63810renamed:N P-National Country Part

r’m 1975

renamed: NPA-Natlonal Party of Ausraha m 1982

Total number of documents 63

1 Codes as gwen m Timmas MackleK(lchtrd Rose, The Intern.lwnal Almanac of Electoral Hutory, HoundmAL%Basmgslok., Ham sbm, hndon 1991

[2 Elecuoosforwimc documenlsarecoded3 Number ofcodcddocument!4 fimpUaUW Manlfeslm PrOJect&e fOrpaflles

12

2.1.b Australian Documents Covered

DATE --------4609.00

4912.00

5104.00

5405.00

5512.00

5811.00

6112.00

6311.00

6611.00

6910.00

7212.00

7405.00

7512.00

7712.00

8010.00

8303.00

8412.00

8707.00

Column

MJL: ALP AWL: Dem AWL: Lib AUL: NCPLabour

53320.00--------

1--------

1

1

1

1

1--------

1

1--------

1--------

1--------

1

1

1

1

1--------

1

1--------

1--------

19

)cratic eral Par Nationa;3330 .00 63620.00 63810.00-------- -------- --------

1 1, _;_,--------- - ---

1-------- -------- --------

1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1.------- -------- -------.

1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1, ,-+--------- ---

1.------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1-------- -------- --------

‘1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1-------- -------- --------

10 19 18

ROWTotal

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

3

63

13

63320 ALP Australian Labor Party

1946 ‘Prmre Mmster announces Labor Pohcy’ SMH3.9461949 ‘Chffley gwes Labor Pohcy’ SMH1511 491951 ‘Exchange Rate to be Mamtamed’ SMH293511954 ‘Evatt outlines Labor Pohcy’ SMH75541955 ‘labor would mcreme PensIons ‘1958 ‘Evatt Promises Wide Berieflts ‘

SMH1011 55SMH1610 58

1961 ‘labor Plan on Housnre’ SMH1711 61i96319661969197219741975197719801983

1984

1987

‘Calwell Lmts Mam Poll Issties’‘Conscnptlon Mthe major Issue it Poll’‘Time for a Change, says WJMlam’‘Wtutlam Labor’s Pohcy for Austraha’‘Labor Pohcy’‘Wiutlam pleads for another chance for Labor’‘labor Party Pohcy Speech 197?‘Hayden promises a more equal society’Pohcy Speech Federal ElectIon CampaignLaunch “1984 Pohcy Speech Presented by the PrimeMmlster. November 13.1984Electlon”Camp~gn Pol;cy Launch. Sydney OperaHouse, 23 June 1987

63330 DLP Democratic Labor Party

1955*195819611963196619691972197419751977

‘Bitter attack on Evatt by Joshua’Senator Cole’s Policy Speech“New Concepts” needed for nahon’s problemsD L.P Pohcy SpeechFor a safe and prosperous Aust&lla‘Double defence spending - DLP’‘DLP demands action on pdrmtssweness’‘Prescnptlon for sulclde’Federal Poltcy Speech‘The DLP pohcy m detad’ “

SMH711 63AGE 111166S,MH210 69SMH1411 72SMH304 74SMH 251175SMH 18.1177SMH 2.1080OPR

OPR

OPR

SMH 11.:OngmalSMH91:OngmalOngutal$~H ~:

SMH29,OriginrdAGE 211177

155

61

0691.7274

*AntKommumst Labor Party m 1955

14

63620 LP LiberaI Party

1946 ‘Menzies outfines Liberal Party’s Policy’1949 ‘Menzies gives Policy’1951 ‘Menzies’ Policy Speech’1954 Joint Policy Speech; Federal Election 19541955 Federal Election 1955; Joint Policy Speech1958 Federal Election 1958; Joint Policy Speech1961 “Good Government’ Pledge By Menzies’1963 ‘Menzies opens poll campaign’1966 ‘Our greatest decade ahead’1969 ‘Prime Minister’s Policy Speech..:1972 ‘McMahon: Changing values...’1974 ‘Liberaf Policy’1975 ‘PM delivers Liberal Party policy speech’1977 ‘Liberal Party Policy Speech 1977’1980 ‘Plea by Fraser to nations:...’1983 1983 Policy Speech1984 1984 Policy Speech. The Liberal Direction fot

Austrafia. ‘Stand up for your Family’1987 ‘Get in Front Again’. Television Campaign

Opening June 25, 1987

63810 NCP National Country Party

1946 ‘Fadden for bigger tax cut’1949 ‘Mr. Fadden gives details’1951 ‘Woolgrowers told, “We saved you’”1954 ‘Fadden hits at Labor’1958 ‘McEwen tells of Government’s achievements’1961 ‘Pledge by McEwen to protect industries’1963 ‘C.P. Policy announced by McEwen’1966 ‘We wifl grow, prosper’1969 ‘Farmers will get continued aid’1972 ‘National body urged for development’1974 ‘Poll is fight for democracy’1975 ‘Rural discrimination to end1977 Protect your Future1980 Keeping Australia strong1983 Policy Speech. 21 February 19831984 1984 Policy Speech. 8 November 19841987 Election ’87 Policy Speech. June 21st

SMH 21.8.46SMH1l.11.49SMH4.4.51OriginalOriginalOriginalSMH 16.11.61SMH 13.11.63AGE 9.10.66SMH 9.10.69SMH 15.11.72SMH 1.5.74SMH 28.11.75SMH 22.11.77SMH 1.10.80OPROPR

OPR

SMH 4.9.46SMH 18.11.49SMH 5,4.51SMH 11.5.54SMH 1.11.58SMH21.11.61SMH 15.11.63AGE 10.11.66AGE 10.10.69SMH21.11.72AGE 8.5.74SMH 27.11.75OriginalOriginalOPROPROPR

KEY

SMH = Sydney Morning HeraldAGE = The AgeOPR = Original Press Release

15

2.2,a Austrian Parties Coded

M/RI Party ElectIonsz NOS3 CM@first-last

15 GA-Die Grune Altematwe 1986 1(Green Alternate)

42110

1 SP&Sozrallstlsche Partel Osterrelchs 1949-1986 12 42320(Soclahsts)

11 VdU-Verband der Unabhanglgen (League of 1949-1986 11Independents

&

42420

tenarned FP -Frelhelthche Partei us 1956Osterrelchs (Freedom Party)

2 OVP-Osterrelchlsche Volkspartel 1949-1986 12 42520(Austrian People’s Party)


16

2.2.b Austrian Documents Covered

DATE --------4910.00

5302.00

5605.00

5905.00

6211.00

6603.00

7003.00

7110.00

7510.00

7905.00

8304.00

8611.00

Column

AUT : GA AUT : SPO AUT : FPO AUT : OVPGreen Al Socialis42110. 00142320. OO-------- --------

1-------- --------

1-------- --------

1-------- --------

1-------- --------

1-------- --------

1-------- --------

1-------- --------

1-------- --------

1-------- --------

1-------- --------

1-------- --------

1 1-------- --------

2 13

Freedom Peoples ROW42420.00142520.001 Total-------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1-------- I-------- I

1.------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1.------- --------

1 1“-------- --------

1 1, ,-, ,-------- ---

-------- I--------)

1111-------- I -------- I

12 ‘ 13 ‘

3

3

3

3

3

2

3

3

3

3

3

4

36

17

42111 GA Die Grune Alternative (Green Alternatlve~

1986 Grime Alternatwen fur em neues&terre]ch Offenes Krrrzprogranrm

42320 SPO Sozialistische Partei Osterreichs (SociaIists~

1949 ‘4rr das osterrelchlsche Volk’, Wabfaufruf 19491953 ‘4rr dss osterrelchlsche Volk’, Wahlaufruf 19531956 ‘% das osterrelchlsche Volk’, Wshlaufruf 19561959 ‘Geht mlt der Zeltl Geht mlt der SPC)I’,

Wahlaufnrf 19591962 SPO-Wahlparole ‘Osterrelch dlenenl’1966 ‘Programm fur Osterrelch’1970 ‘Lcxtung, Aufstleg, S]cherhed fur em

modemes &terrelch’, Wahlaufruf 19701971 Fur em modernes &.terrelch und scme Menschen1975 S!cherhelt und etne gute Zukunft fur ~sterrelch1979 Der osterrelchlsche Weg m dle 80er Jshre1983 Wahlprogrrrmm der SPO1986 Das Vranltzky-Programm “Vor uns hegt das

neue &terrelch”

42420 FPO Freiheitliche Partei Osterreichs (Freedom Party)

1949 Das P~ogramm des Verbsrrdes der Unabhsnglgen, 19491953 Das ‘ArrBereProgramm’ des Verbrmdes der

Unabhanglgen 19541956 Das Kurzprogramm der FP~, 19561959 Rlchthmen frelhelthcher Pohtrk m osterrelch1962 Das ‘Safzburger Bekenntms’ der FP~, 19611966 document mlssmg1970 Formel 701971 FP()-Schwerpunkte mr neuen Natlonafrat1975 Wahlplattform der FP~1979 Frel seur statt abhsnglg1983 Dle Wsblplaltform 1983 der Frelhelthchen

Partel “Am 24 Aprd fur &terrelch DleFrelhelthchen”

1986 ‘Unser ~sterrelch’ Jorg HalderEm Pohuker der neuen ArtDle Frelhelthchen&terrelch 1990 frelhelthch

Ongmal

DVM 1949DVM 1953DVM 1956

DVM 1959DVM 1963B 1967

DVM 1970OrlgmsfOrlgmalOngmalOngmal

Onginrd

B 1967

B 1967B 1967B 1967B 1967

OnguralOngmalOngmalOngmal

FA

OngmafOngural

18

42620 OVP Osterreichkche Volkspartei (Austrian People’s Party)

19491953

1956

195919621966

1970

197119751979

19831986

~

B 1967

DVMOMH

~AM

Die prograrnmatischen Leitsatze OVP, 1945‘%llesfiir Osterreich’, programmatischeGrundsatze der OVP, 1952‘Schwerpunkte des Wahlkampfes’ and‘Von Wahl zu Wah~‘Was wir wollen’, Grundsatzprogramrn der OVP, 1958Wahlaufruf und Wahlrrromamm der OVP‘Sicherheit fiir alle’, W’ahl~rogrammder ~VP: 1966‘Fortschrltt und Sicherheit’, dasArbeitsprogramm de! OVP107 Vorschlaze fiir Osterreich‘Herausfordefing 75’, Wrrhlprogramm der OVP‘Fur einen neuen Friihling in Osterreich’,Wahlprogramm 1979‘Jetzt mit Mock’‘Osterreich zuerst.’ Das Mock-Programm fiireine Wende zum Besseren

B 1967

Original

OMH 1956B 1967Original

Original

OriginalOriginalOriginal

OriginalMM 1983

Original

Klaus Berchtold (cd), &.terreichische Parteiprogramme 1868-1966,Munich 1967Der Vertrauensmann (Monthly Journal of the SPO)

— Osterreichisches Monatsheft (Monthly Journal of the OVP)freie Argumente. freiheitfiche Zeitschrift fiir Politik 10. Jg. 1983, Folge 1Mitarbeiter Magazin 8. Jg., la

19

2.3.a Belgian Parties Coded

M/R’ Party ElectIonsz NOS3 CMP’first-last

3 BSP/PSB-Belglsche Soclahshsche 1946-1977 11 21320Partq/Partl soc]ahste beige(f3elgmn Soclahst Party)

30 BSP-Belgrsche Soclahstlwhe 1977-1987 5 21321Partq (Flemlsh Soclahst Part

P’renamed SP-SoclalMlsche artq m 1980(Flemlsb Socmhst Partv)\ . .

31 PS-Partl soclahste 1978-1987 4 21322(Francophone Soclahst Party)

BSP Wallome Soclahst Party 1977 1 21323(sphnter party)

PSB Brussels Soclahst Party 1977 1 21324(sphnter party)

2 LlberaJe Parh /Partr hb?ral

&

1946-1971 9 21420~;:g;;a~t

V&#te.j2~~~&~a%%e la ‘n 1961

(Party of Liberty and Progress)

21 PW-partlJ voor Vrqheld en 1974-1987 6 21421

&#%%erty and Progress). .

22 PLP-Partl de la hbert? et du 1974-1987 6 21422

rename$ PI&W-P@~desprogr6s Part of Liberty and Progress),

m 1976r?formes et de la hbert? de WalJottle~~:~:e~h~~~~~~l;j~omateur

in 1979hb?d (Frartcorrhone Llberrds). .

23 PL-Partl hb?raJ 1971-1978 4 21424(Brussels Liberal Party

irenamed PLDP - Par I hb.%af m 1974d6mocrate et phsrahstefLlberal Democratic and Plurahst Party)

1 PSC/CVP-Partl social chr2.tlen/ 1946-1977 10 21520Chrrsteh ke Vokspaftq

k%%:%%%%%%’People’s Party)

1 Cnde.s as gwen m Thomas Mackle/Richard Rose, The Internal imal Almanac cf Electoral Hwmy, Houndmllb,Bs.smgstokc, Hampsimre, London 1991

2 Elextmns for which documenb are coded3 Number of coded documenu4 Cnmpamlwe Mmtfestm Project cd. for pmlIes

20

Belgian Parties Coded (continued)

M/R Party Elections Nos CMPt’irst-last

19 CVP,-Christelijke Volkspartij 1968-1987 ‘1(Chnstlan People’s Party)

21521

20 PSC:Parti social chr6tien(Chnst~an Soc}al Party)

1968-1987 8 21522

PSC Wallon Christian Social Party 1974 + 1977 2(splinter party)

21523in 1977

PSC Ffancophon Brussels 1974 + 1977 2Chr~stlanSoc~al Party

21524

(splinter party)

18 RW Rassemblement wallon since 1968 5(Walloon Rally)

21911

14 FDF-Fropt dimocratique des 1965 7Bruxellols francophones

21912

(Francophone Democratic Front)

ii Frontpartij Front Party)$renamed: NV-Vlaamsch

Natioqaaf Verbond(Flemish National Lea ue)

8renamed: Vlaamsch. oncentratie(Flemmh Conc9ntrat10n

Jrenamed: Chnstehjke .laamseVolksume (Flemlsh ChristianPeoples’ Umon)renamed W - De Volksunie

1919-39 10 21913in 1936

in 1949

1954-1987

in 1954

Joint Programmed:

PS/PSC/FDF 1978 1 21991

PL/FDF 1974 1 21992


21

2.3.b Belgian Documents Covered

IBEL Ps8 BEL SP B8L, PS BEL BSP BEL PSB BEL PLP

I -BSP S0. Flemish Frmmaph Walloni Brusmr,l -Pw Lib Row

121320 00121321 00121322 00121323 00121324 00121420 001 Totaldam ------ t--------i-------- i-------- 1-------- I-------- i-------- i

4602 00

1-----:--i--------i-------- i--------[--------!-----:-- i4906 00

I-----: -- !-------- l--------i --------i -------- !-----: --i50o6 00

I-----:--l--------i-------- I--------1--------{-----:--15404 00 I

1-----: --1--------1 -------- 1-------- !-------- 1-----: --!5806 00

1-----: -- i-------- 1-------- 1-------- ;-------- 1-----:--16103 00

I-----:--i--------1--------i--------!--------l-----:--l6505 00

1-----:--i-------- i--------!--------!--------i-----:--!6803 00

I-----:-- i-------- !--------! -------- i-------- !-----: --i7111 00

I-----:-- !--------i--------i--------i--------1.----:-- !7403 00

:-----:--!--------/--------!--------/--------/--------/7704 00

1-----:--!-----:-- !--------1-----:-- i-----:--i--------i7012 00

l--------i-----U----:-- !--------i--------i--------1‘911100

l--------l-----:--l-----:--1--------1----:---!--------18510 00

I--------l-----:--i-----:--1--------!--------1--------18712 00 I

1--------!-----:--1-----:--1-------- 1--------I--------Icolumn 11 5 4 1 1 9

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

6

0

13

15

11

9

e

7

100

22

2.3.b Belgian Documents Covered (Continued)

BEL : PW BEL: PRL BEL: PLD BEL : PSC BEL: CVP

Flemish Fre.ncq P Brus8e -CVP Chr Flemish Row

121421.00121422.00[21424.00121520.00/21521.001 Total

DATE ------ 1--------I-------- l-------- I-------- l-------- I4602.00

4906,00

5006.00

5404.00

5806.00

6103.oo

6505.00

6803.00

7111.00

7403.00

7704.00

7812.00

8111.00

8510.00

0712.00

ii 1 I Ii II-------- l-------- I-------- I-------- I-------- I

11I--------i --------! -------- I-------- I-------- I

1-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-----: -- ;-------- 1

I--------i --------i -------- I-----: --! --------i

I--------i -------- I-------- I-----: --i --------i

l--------i --------i --------! -----: -- i--------i

I--------i -------- 1-------- i-----: -- i--------i

1-------- !-------- 1-------- l-------- i-----:--l

/-------- /-------- ;-----: -- ;-----: --I --------:

1-----: --1-----:--1-----:-- i-----:-- i-----:--l

l-----: --i -----: --{-----: --1-----:-- 1-----: --1

I-----: -- i-----: -- i-----: -- i-------- I-----:--i

1-----: -- !-----: -- i-------- 1-------- 1-----: --1

1-----:-- !-----:-- 1-------- 1-------- 1-----: --i

I-----: --! -----: --! --------! -------- i-----:-- !

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

6

8

13

15

11

9

e

7

column 6 6 4 10 7 100

23

23.b Belgian Documents Covered (continued)

IBEL PSC BEL PSC BEL PSC BEL RW BEL FDF BEL W BEL PSI BEL PL/

I ?ranc.ap Wall.ani Brum.al wall-n French- F1.mimh PSCIFDF PDF ROW

121522 00121523 00!21524 00121911 00121912 00121913 00121991 00121992 001 TotalDATE .------

4602 00

4906 00

5006 00

5404 00

5806 00

6103 00

65o5 00

6803 00

7111 00

7403 00

1704 00

7012 00

B1ll 00

0510 00

8712 00

.1-------- 1---_l -------- I--------i---I ____-1 -------- I-------- I

1-------- 1-------- 1-------- l-------- l-------- l-------- 1-------- 1--------1

l-------- l-------- l--------i -------- ~--------l -------- l-------- ~--------l

I-------- 1-------- l--------i -------- 1-------- 1-------- l-------- ~--------l

I--------~ --------1 -------- I-------- 1-------- l--------~ -------- l-------- I

1-------- 1-------- 1--------1 -------- 1-------- 1-------- I-------- l-------- IIt

1-------- !-------- l--------i -------- I-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-------- II I I I I I 11 I I1-------- 1-------- 1--------1 -------- 1--------1 -------- l-------- l-------- I

11 11111-------- I-------- 1-------- l-------- I-------- l-------- l-------- 1-------- I

11 11 11I--------1 --------i -------- !-------- 1-----: -- i-------- l-------- l--------!

11111111111 II-----;--~ -----; --~-------- 1-------- 1-------- l-------- I-------- l-----:--!

11111-------- I-------- 1-----:--1-----:-- !--------1 -------- l-----; --~--------l

11 111111\-----; -- {-------- ~-------- 1-----; -- ~-------- l-----; --~-------- l-------- I

I-----;----------- l-------- l--------l-----:--l-----;-- ~-------- l--------l11

1-------- 1-------- 1--------1 ----------------- l-----;-- ~-------- 1--------111

1-------- 1-------- I-------- 1-------- l-------- l-------- l-------- l-------- I

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

6

8

13

15

11

9

8

7

column 8 2 2 5 7 10 1 1 100

24

Socialist ‘Family’

21320 BSP/PSP Belgische Socialistische PartWParti socialist bel~(Belgian Socialist Party)

19461949195019541958196119651968197119741977

‘A tous les travailleurs!’Programme du 4 ans‘Le part socialist beige s’addresse au pays’La Plate-forme 61ectorale du PSBQuatre anntes du Gouvernement de GauchePlateforme 61ectorale socialistProgramme pour les Elections 16gislatives du PSB‘Programme PSB’Programme .51ectoraledu PSBLe programme socialist pour une soci6t6 progressisteLe programme du gouvemement du PSB

21321 SP Socialistische Part~i (Flemish Socialist Party]

1977 Information missing1978 Programma Vlaamse Socialisten: 17.12.78 Verkiezingen1981 Verkiezingsprogramma1985 ‘Werk, Rechtvaardigheid en Vrede’. Original1987 SP-Verkienzingsmanifest. Original

21322 PS Parti socialist (Francophone Socialist Party~

1978 Faire fiice - construire l’avenir1981 Le programme complet du parti socialist1985 a) Programme Institutionnel et Socio-Economique. Original

b) Programme Complementaire a I’Accord PS-FGTB 13.Octobre 1985. Original

1987 Programme du PS. Original

21323 BSP WalIoon Socialist Party (splinter party~

1977 Information missing

21324 PSB Brussels Socialist Party (splinter partyj

1977 Information missing

25

Liberal ‘Family’

!,

194619491950195419581961196519681971

‘Guide Pratlque du conf6rencler llb6ral’ (extracts)Le partl hbgral s’addresse au paysLe parh hb6ral s’addresse au paysProgramme Elections 16glslatives 1951Programme du parh hb?ial‘Vod?tpourquol vousdevez voter 1’‘Waarom PW7’ .,Perspectwes PLP 1’8

ElectIons 1971 Prograrnrne natlonale

21421 PVV Partij voor Vrijheid en ‘Vooruitgang (Party of Liberty and Progress)

1974 ‘Het la TIJdl’ ‘,’,

1977 ‘Bekwaam, Zelfstandlg, Verdraagzaam, Zeket’1978 ‘U verdient 6cht beter’1981 PW - ‘nu of noolt - Persnota’1985 ‘Er MOpmew een Toekomst’1987 PW Programma 13 december

21422 PRL Parti reformateur Iibtral (l%ancophone Liberals~V’ Ill

1974 Plateforme 61ectorale du PLP waJJon1977 Plateforme 41ectorale1978 Le programme du PRLW1981 ProJet pour Ie changement1985 ‘La Il%erteen action’1987 ‘L’essenhel d’abord’

11

21424 PLDP Partf r6forrnatuer lib6&l (Brussels Liberal Part~, , ,, - ,,1!

1971 Inforrnatlon missing ~ [1974 Programme 61ectorale du ,PLDP1977 Programme du Parh lib6raJ1978 Plateforme 61ectorale du Partl hbhl

OrlgmaJOrlgmal

OnguralOrlgmal

26

Christian-Social ‘Family’

21520 PSC/CVP Parti social chrMien/ChristeI~ ike Volkwarti.j (Francophone ChristianSocial Party and Flemish Christian People’s Party)

19461949195019541958196119651968197119741977

Kerstprogramma (CEPESS reprint - extracts only)Parti Social Chr6tien - son Programme‘Addenda’ Ala Brochure Parti Social-Chr6tien 1949CVP Programma 1954Uw Beste KansManifeste 61ectorale du PSCPlatforme 61ectorale du PSC - Contrat ‘65-’70Document missingProgramme nationale du PSC 1971Programme 41ectorale commun du PSC-CVPProgramme nationale du PSC 1977

21521 CVP Christeliike Volkspartij (Christian People’s Part~

1968197119741977197819811985

1987

De CVP doet hetDocument missingProgramme cf’Actionr6gionale du CVPMeer dan ooit... Tindemans!Er is een uitweg met de CVPNu te nemen of te laten: een sterk nieuw beleid‘5.148 CVP - Leden schrijven mee het CVP - verkienzingsprogramma’.Vlaams Kristendemokratisch Weekblad ZEG met CVP-ProgrammaVerkienzingsprogramma. ZEG Vlaams Kristdemokratisch Weekblad10. Jahrgang Nr.27, 13.11.1987

21522 PSC Parti,j social chr&ien (Christian Social Party~

1968 Feu vert1971 Programme d’Action r6gionale drr PSC1974 Programme d’Action r6gionale ‘Wallonie-Brtrxelles’ du PSC1977 Programme cYactionr6gionale ‘Wallonie-Bmxelles’ du PSC1978 AJIer a l’essential pour rendre f’avenir possible1981 Ala crois6e des chemins/Politiques sp6cifiques/

Programme pour la r6gion waflonne et la Communaut6 fran&aise/Bruxelles Oui, .%5paratisteNon

1985 ‘Les dix ambitions du PSC. Priorit6s pour Ie futur gouvernement et les frrtrsrsex~cutifs’. Original.

1987 ‘Le Courage de ses id6es. Le Cran de les applique.’ Programme ElectoralElections Legislative du 12/87. Original

21523 PSC Walloon Christian Social Party (splinter partfi

1974 La R6gion Wallonne1977 Wallonie

27

21524 PSC Brussels Christan Social Party (splinter part~

1974 Bmxelles1977 Bruxellcs

21911 RW Rassemblement Wallon (Walloon RallQ

1971 Une force, une doctnnc, une achon1974 Bfitu la WaJlorue, Assauur la pohtlque1977 J& wallon1978 WaJlon - maftre chez tol1981 Programmc du RW

21912 FDF Front d6mocratique des francophones brrrxelloisFrancoph one Democratic Front)

1968 FDF 19681971 1971 FDF1974 Promamme FDF pour lC.S&lectlonsdu 10 mars 19741977 Bru~elJols - mah~e chez tol1978 La hbcrtg d’ctrc BruxeUols1981 FDF BruxelJos - MaJtre chc.z tol1985 Information mlssmg

21913 DU De Volkaunie (people’s Union~

1961 De.Pohtlckc Tocstand1965 Opgepaat1968 Een Partij voor Jonge dynarmsche mense.n1971 Programma - Aktleplan1974 Akheplan1977 In de Pohtleke ontwrkkchrrg van de voorbqc kwaarteeuw.1978 Verklezmgsprogramma 17 deccrnbcr 19781981 Wcrk cn zekerheld m em Vlaanrse staat1985 Information missmg1987 Inforrnatlon mlssmg

Joint Profwammes

21991 PS-PSC-FDF1978 D6clsration commune (alesparhs francophones de la majontt)

21992 PL-FDF1974 Contrat de Programme de.l’AJhance PLFDF

28

2.4,a Canadian Parties Coded

M/R1Party Elections2 NOS3first-last

CMP4

8 CCF-Cooperative Commonwealth 1945-1988 15Federation

62320

renamed: NDP-New Democratic Party in 1961

2 LP-Liberal Party 1945-1988 15 62420

1 PCP-Progressive Conservative Party 1945-1988 15 62620

10 SSC- Socred-Social Credit 1945-1968 9 62951


1 Codes as given in Thomas Mackielltichard Rose, ‘Ibe Intem.liwml Almanac of Electoral Hktory; Hmmdmitts,Basingstoke, Hampshire, London 1991

2 Elections for which documenk are coded3 Number of coded documents4 Comparative Manifcstos Project code fcx parties

29

2.4.b Canadian Documents Covered

W: NDP CAN: L1b CAN: PCP CAN: SOC

DATE --------4506.00

4906.00

530s.00

5706.00

5s03.00

6206.00

6304.00

6511.00

6806.00

7210.00

7407.00

7905.00

8002.00

S409.00

S811.00

column

New Dem52320.00--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

15

mal Par Progres;2420.00162620.00.------- --------

1 1.------- --------

1 1.------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1.------- --------

1 1.------- --------

1 1.------- --------

1 1.------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1.------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1.------- --------

15 15

Lal Cred62951.00--------

1

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

--------

--------

--------

--------

--------9

ROWTotal

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

3

3

3

54

30

62320 NDP New Democratic Party

1945 “Security with Victory’, published and distributed by the national office of the CCF1949 ‘Security for AN, source as above1953 ‘Humanity First’, source as above1957 ‘Winnipeg Declaration of Principles of the Cooperative CommonwealthFederation’,

19581962

19631965196819721974

197919801984

1988

source as aboveCampaign leaflet published by the central office of the CCF‘The Federal Program of the New Democratic Party’, adopted by its foundingconvention and published and distributed by the central office of the partyCampaign leaflet published by the central office of the nat[onal partyCampaign leaflet published by the central office of the national party‘New Democratic Party Program’, source as above‘New Democratic Party Program’, source as above‘A Free and Generous Society ’..., published and distributed by the central office nfthe NDP‘New Democratic Ideas for Working on Canada’s Future:, source as above‘A Choice for Canadians: Policies of the New Democrahc Party’, source as above‘A New Democratic Future. New Opportunities forCanadians Like You.’ Original‘Meeting the Challenge’, Ed Broadbent and the New Democratsspeak up for average Canadians.

62420 LP Liberal Party

1945 News release by the National Liberal Committee1949 ‘Resolutions adopted by the Third National Liberal Convention, Ottawa, 19481953 Collection of campaign speeches by party leader, published in The CanadianLiberal,

Summer and Autumn, 19531957 Campaign speeches by the leader taken from newspapers1958 ‘New Statements of Liberal Policy’, published by the National Liberal Federation1962 ‘The Liberal Programmed’,published by the National Liberal Federation1963 ‘The Policies of the Liberaf Party’, published by the National Liberal Federation1965 ‘Speakers’Notes’, published by the Liberal Party of Canada1968 As above1972 Collection of campaign leaflets published by the Liberal Party of Canada and

distributed by the Ottawa office1974 AS above1979 AS above1980 AS above1984 ‘The Issues’, John Turner Speaks Out. Original1988 ‘What a Liberal Government Will Do for You.’ Original

62620 PCP Progressive Conservative Party

31

1945

1949

‘1953

1957

1958‘ 1962

1963

1965

1968

1972

19741979198019841988

‘Bracken’s Charter for a Better Canada’, pubhshed anddistributed by the Progresswe Conscrvalwe PartyA letter stating polrcy signed by the leader of theProgressive Conservatwe Party and sent to newspapersCarnpalgn leaflets pubhshed and distributed by theOttawa office of the Progresswe Consematwe Party‘A New National Pohcy’, pubhahed and distributed by theccntraf office of the Progressive Consetvatwe PartyCarrrpatgn speeches by the leader taken from newspapersTaken from newspapersCampaign leaflets pubhshcd by the central office ofthe Progresswe Cmtsetvattve Party‘Pohcms for People’, pubhshed and distributed by thecentral office of the Progressive Cmrservatlve PartyProgresswe Conservatwe Patty Handbook, pubhshed anddistributed by the Progrcsswe Conservatwe PartyCsmpagn leaflets pubhshed by the central office of theProgrcsswe Conservatwc PartyAs aboveA aboveAs abovePC Pohtlque stout 84 OngrnalPC Pohtlqucs en brcf Ongmal

62951 SSC Socred-Social Credit

1945

1949. .

19531957

1958

1962

1963

1965

1968

‘The Socml Credit Charter:, pubfisbed and distributed bythe Socmf Credit Asociahon of CanadaCampugn leaflet pubhshe.d agd distributed by theAlberta Socmf CredltL+-ague [,,., <I

camp~gn speech by the leader pubhshed m newspapers‘It’sYour Canada’, pubhshed and distributed bythe Nahonal Socml Credit Catrrpalgn timmltteeCampaign leaffet published and dmtnbuted by theSocmt Credit Assoclatlon of CanadaA Statement of .%cml Credit Objectives, Pnnclplesand Pohcles, source as aboXk.+-Pohcy statement released by the Nahonsf Socml CreditAssoclatlon of Canada‘Socml Credit Candidate’s Party Platform’, distributedby the SocIrd Credit Party of Canada‘AStatement of Social Credit ObJectlvcs,Principles and Pohcies’, source. as above

32

2.5.a Danish Parties Coded

M/RI Party Elections2 NOS3 CMP4first-last

18 VS-Vens~re~ocialisterne 1968-1984 8 13210(Left Soclahst Party)

9 DKP-Danrnarks Kommunistiske Parti 1945-1984 17 13220(Commumst Party)

Faelles Kurs (Common Course) 1987 1 13221

16 SF-S.ocjalistisk Folkeparti 1960-1988 13 13230(Soclahs.t People’s Party)

4 Soc-Socialdemokratiet (Sociaf Democrats) 1945-1988 19 13320

20 CD-Centrum-Demokraterne 1973-1988 8(Centre Democrats)

13330

5 RadVen-Radikale Venstre (Radical Party) 1945-1988 19 13410

6 Ven-Venstre (Liberals) 1945-1988 19 13420

15 De Uafhaengige (Independents’ Party) 1953-1968 6 13421

17 LC-Liberalt Centrum (Liberal Centre) 1966-1968 2 13422

19 KristFol-Kristeli@ Folke artif

1971-1988 9 13520(Christian Peoples Party .

1 Kens-Kens.ervative Folkeparti(Conservatwe People’s Party)

1945-1988 19 13620

21 Frem-Fremkridtspartiet (Progress Party) 1973-1988 8 13951

10 Rets-Retsforbundet (Justice Party) 1945-1984 17 13952

13 DS-Dansk Samling (Danish Union) 1945 1 13953


1 Codes as given in Thomas Mackie/Richard Rose, The [nterna(irmd Almanac of Electoral History; Hmmdmilts,Basingslokc, Hampshire, London 1991

2 Elections for which documenti arc,coded3 Number of coded documents4 Comparative Manifcstos Project cod. for parties

**1 i ,, -1.3..:-- ..! !....

I

......-. ..... ..., 0060,,--------........ .L..- _! .. ..., T , ,0,,,,

,,1

,

1

,,

,,

7,

11

11

11

,

,,

6

,

,

‘

L

9

*

s

L

1.-.

I---------.....-.--------........,, I ,0,0,,---------! ...- -------- _L___

,, ,, r,,,---------!-- -1.-.. -!- ...

,, , , , ,, z,”-----... ......-.----------------,, , ,.t,,,

....-..- ..!. - ..:- .. -: ....-,1 ,0,,,,

.-------.-!._ -!----- .-!-----, , , ,0,,,’

--------------------------------or , , 00,,,,-------- . . .. . .. . -------- --------‘ , 001,,,--------------------.... -----..., t 00 ‘0,,-.-------------.--------J-.., 00,,0,

--------..!. - -------- _L___‘ -.....-..2-- -------- -.!----- ““‘“’s‘ 0, ‘at’

-------- -I ___ -------- .-!___, .. ,,,’

.-------_!___ -------- --1-----* t m ,00s

...------!_- -------- -.!-----* 00,,’,

........ .-:-------------.-!___1 1 ,0 01’,

..:---- _L_. -------- .------- ----..--T&- 00CSSC100 ZC611 00 11*C1 00 Ozscl

n VT”, q..., . .-.,, . ,..”., .M !Mo a“ !-. .,’ !-0 ..X !“0

- .!!.--- -L ...- -! ___ .-1. . _!L- --! .... _!L- .x- --!-.. 11 9. . . . . . . . --------

..!... - -------- -------- .-!___ J___ -.1 .... .-!_,-- J-- -------- -------- --------1 x 1

----- . . . -------- . . . ----- --!- . .-!-- -! --- _L_- -------- .... ---- -------- -.-....., 1 rJ- .-. -------- -------- ----—-- -1---- --:----- -------- -------- -------- , ,-----.. . --------

_! ___.... ---- -------- .-!--- -! --- -T---- ..L..- -L_ -------- .... ... . .. !...-., 1

---...-- -------- .. L_- _!___ -- 1-------! .... -------- -------- , r-------- ---- . . . . . . . . . . . .

-!--- -------- -------- ..!. -... ..!-. ..! ------.!----- --!.-... --------..:___ --!.-, ?-------- -------- .. !----- _!___ _: .. ..- -. :-....-------- , 1

-. . . . . . . -------- -------- --------, r T x 1 x r

...----- -------- ----..7. . .. ----- . . . . . . . . -------- - ------- -------- -------- -------- _L_-,.J--- -------- .... .. .. ........ .. :-... .--..... J ----- .2 ----- -------- .-: .... J. ----

,........ -------- -- !.-... ..L_. .. !----- 1 ,-------- -------- .. :----- -------- . . . . . . . . . .. -----

,-------- -! --- .. :....- .. 1-.... -.1.. ... .------- .-... ... .-:----- -------- -.!...-. --------

T-------- ------- . ..’---- ..L.- -! ..... -------- -. !------------- -------- --1. .... --------

1. . . . . . . . -------- -! ----- ..L.- _!___ -------- -------- -.:..... -------- ,..... .. . ---------------- -------- _!___ .. !._.- --!----- -------- --!----- -------- -------- --!----- .........------- ........ ..!-- .-!--- -!-. -------- .-!.- -------- -------- ..!-- ---------------- -------- -------- -!-. -!. - ...----- .L-. -------- ... ----- .2 ----- --------

,-------- -------- -------- -! ... .. ..!. - -------- J----- -------- .. .----- ........ ... ------------- ........ .. !--- -:--- .------- --!----. -------- ,-------- ........ -------- --------

.------- -------- -------- -! --- -1-. .. -------- .-!----- -------- ..... ... .. !._ --------00OZ,clm r:,cl00Tr*rt00,2*C100 .1*CT 00OCCC100OCCC100 Octcl00Ic:cl00OCzcl00OICC1.310’..‘$1.Z~7,9.-WI lU.W1 TV. ... . .-”.> P,-. .11.7-s-.3 .- 7..-.3 -. .J.TT- ,-0 m ,mm ax ,-. . . . ,=0 P- ,=. .2 ZUa -s ram .s ,-0 => tnm ,,, 9m n. “,

pa.mAo~ stuar.umoa qspma qs.z

34

1

13210 VS Venstresocialisterne (Left Socialist Party~

1968

197119731975

1977197919811984

Udtalelse fra Venstre-Socialisterne om Folketingsvalgetden 23. januar 1968. OriginalVenstresocialisterne. OriginalVS: Program for Venstresocialisterne. OriginalVS Venstresocialisternes valgavis. ‘Hvad vil VS’.VS election newspaper. OriginalValgudtalelse fra Venstresocialisterne. OriginalVenstresocialisterne. Til pressen Valgets hovedsporgsmaal. OriginalVenstresociatisternes valggrundlag. Originalinformation missing

13220 DKP Danmarks Kommunistiske Parti (Danish Communist Party]

1945194719501953

195319571960196419661968

1971197319751977197919811984

‘Folkets vilje - landets 10V’.‘N@glentil Fremskridt for Folket og Danmark’.Kommunisternes valgmanifest, published inApril: ‘Valgmanifest fra Danmarks kommunistiske Parti’For fred og frihed, for trygge Ievevil!dr’, published inSept.: Kommunistemes politiske udtalelse, published by‘Det ku’bil’ si%godt ... men’.‘Mealkommunisteme for en ny politik’.‘Kommunister i folfeetinget’.‘Sat kommunister ind i folketinget’.‘Deter samfundet, der skal laves om. Derfor ma derkommunister til.Den star vi ikke model til!’‘Derfor Kommunister’.‘Kommunistemes valgopr~b: Fremad - ad nye veje’.‘For et godt og bedre nyti%med en ny politik og med fremgang’.DKPs Valgrundlag.DKPs Valgoprib.‘Sat K folk i tinget Kommunister’.information missing

13221 Faelles Kurs (Common Course)

1987 Danmarks nye arbejderparti: FAELLES KURS.

OriginalOrignalVO 10.8.50

hFcOriginalOriginalOriginalOriginal

OriginalOriginalOriginalOriginalOriginalOriginalOriginaf

Original

35

13230 SF Socialistisk Folkeparti (Socialist People’s Party)

1960196419661968197119731975197719791981

19841987

1988

‘SF Det ny psrtl 1dansk pohtdr’SF’s vrdgudtsJelse,‘Bsf med de borgerllge?’‘Spd rkke hasard med flertsllet SF sizt trumf p?i~’Sofishshsk Fofkeparhs vaJgprogram‘ en stemme pa SF er en srkker stemme’Valgmarufest for Soclahshsk FolkepartlSocmhstlsk Folkeparh valgmamfestSoclahstlsk Fofkepartfs valgmamfestSF Pohtrk ElectIon newspaper Essential pon’stsof the party programmemformatlon mlssmgUdkast td valgmamfest folketmgsvelg september 1987‘For et staerkt SF! For et arbejderflertaflValgmamfest

13320 Soc Socialdemokratiet (Social Democrats)

1945 ‘Appel om Samlmg’, dehvered by the PM, BuhJ1947 ‘Fremad paarry’.1950 Socmldemokratlets valgmamfes~1953 Aprd ‘Det sker nu I aprd’1953 Sept ‘Famdlen Danmsrk g~r trf vafg’1957 ‘I bestemmer fremtlden’1960 Soclaldemokratlets valgudtalelse 19601964 Socmfdemokratleta vafgudtalelse,

19661968197119731975197719791981198419871988

‘PfIvej mod nye mW‘Valget gdder besk=fthgelsen’. “‘t‘Etgodt partr fordi’Valg’73 SocmldemokraterneSoclafdemokraternes helhedsplan‘Socmldemokratlet -et samlmgspunkt I en sphttet tld’‘For sammenhold og tro pfi tlamhden’‘Dm hverdag er truet’tnformatlon mlssmg‘Det vd en socmldemokrahsk regermg 1987-91’‘Upfordmg td Danmsrk’

OngmalAP, 6, 1964OngmalOrigmafOriginalOngmal

OrigursJOngural

Ongmal

TypescriptOngmal

FS 1945OngtmdVO 1981950OngrnalOnglrralOngmalOngmsfAP, 6,1964,238-41OnginrdOrrgmalOngmaJOngrnalOrigmslOngusalOngmrdOriginal

Ongmrd

36

13330 CD Centrum-demofcraterne (Centre Democrats~

1973197519771979

1981198419871988

‘MealErhard i midten: Centrumdemokrateme’.Centrum-Demokraternes valgoplag.‘Politik - S~ det er til at forstY.‘Firkkwer bringer lykke’ MCVQ; ‘Ny kurs - med nye folk’;‘De kan stole pa CD’.‘Centrum Demokraterne x M ved valget 8. december’.information missingCentrum - Avisen.Valgmanifest.

13410 RadVen Det radikale Venstre (Radical Party)

19451947195019531953195719601964196619681971

1973197519771979

198119841987

1988

‘Hvor stir De Radikale?’Det radikale Venstres Appel til VaJgeme,Det radikale Venstres valgmanifest, pubhshed inApril: Valget.Sept.: De Radikales politiske udtalelse, published by‘Valgets sp@rgsmiil:Kamp eller samarbejde’.‘Det radikale Venstre deltager ikke i overbud o.gkzifter’.Det radikale Venstres valgfianifest.‘Det radikale Venstre og fremtidens opgaver’.‘Irrgenpatentmedicin kan genskabe sund @konomi’.‘De radikafe vil forhindre, at dansk politik weltertil hojre eller venstre’.Det Radikale Venstres valgudtalelse.Det radikale Venstres fofketingsgruppe, valgudtalelse.‘Valget gdder: et stabilt folkestyre med radikalt prag’.Udtalelse fra Det Radikale Venstres Iandsm@dei Nyborg15.-16. sept, produced by party secretariat as themanifesto equivalent for the 1979 election‘Ungdomsledighed bekmmpes’.

OriginalOriginalOriginal

OriginalsOriginal

OriginalOriginal

OriginalUPVO 19.8.1950OriginalMCOriginalOriginalOriginalOriginalOriginal

OriginalOriginalOriginalOriginal

Originalinformation missing‘Det skal vi na: - i menneskelig udvikling - i respekt for naturen -i fryghed for fremtiden - det naede vi...’. OriginalValgmanifest. Original

37

13420 Ven Venstre (f.Jberal Party)

19451947195019531953195719601964

1966

1968197119731975197719791981198419871988

‘Venstre bygger Fremhden’‘Venstre blaeser td Samhngl’Vcnstres vslgmamfest Pubhshed mApril Venstres valgopr~bSept Venstres pohtlske udtalelae Pubhshed byVenstres valgudtalelseVenstres vaJgudtalelse‘En ny regermg Venstre.VIJkm.eproblemerne’Statement by Anders Andersen (leading candidate)‘TrJvrelgeme 1Gwekradsen Program for Valgetshovedspdrgsmasf En ny regermgVenstres vafgprogram 1968Valgudtalelse fra Venstres folketmgsgruppe‘En ny pohtdr Venstre valg ’73’‘Det forste Ar- og de naxte fire’ II>u‘Venstre ’77 En hberaf pohtdr 8 HovedpunktefUdtalelse fra Venstres Folkettngsgruppe 2891979.‘Gi Danmark en chance’mformatlon mlssmgValgmamfest‘Det handler om fnhed’

13421 De UaflmmgiEe (Independents’ PartyJ

1953195719601964

1966

1968

Sept Deuafharglges pohtlskeudtslelse, pubhshedbyDeuatlrrenglge Valgavls14 maJ 1957De uafhzenglges valgprogramDeuafhamglgesv algudtalelse

De uaftmmglges valgprogram ‘Et b&rgerhgt ord ompolmkxhsteU,2211 1966. !1‘For Deresfremtldsskyld lukopogkes’

OngrnalOngutalVO 198.1950OngmalMCOnguralOngmal

Ongmal

OngmalOngmalOngmalOngmalOngmalOngmalOngmrdOngmal

OrlguralOngmal

AIcOngmsfOngttralAP,No 6,1964, pp 269-

OngrnalOngmal

71

13422 LC Lfberalt Centrum (IJbersl ‘Cehtre~

1966 Udkasttd pnnclpprogram for’fll~eralt Centrum Pubhshedtrt TPO Ott 19661968 ‘Nu skal Iandet ledes fra strerkt centrum

skab arbeJdsglzde med L LlbersJt Centrum’ Ongmal

38

13520 KrfstFol Krkteligt Folkeparti (Christian People’s Party)

1971 ’21. September KF’s dag’, published in the1973 ‘Valgets keme-punkter’.1975 ’18 gode grunde til at stemme pi Knsteligt Folkeparti’.1977 ‘18 gode grunde til at stemme pii Kristeligt Folkeparti’.1979 ‘Valget er et werdivalg’.1981 ‘Nu mil en ny regering til’, published in the

1984 information missing1987 ‘Menneskelig politik! Stem Q den 8. September’.1988 ‘Id6 Politik’.

13620 Kens Det conservative Folkeparti (Conservative People’s Party)

1P Vol. 2, No. 5OriginalOriginalOriginalOriginal1P20.11.1981Original

OriginalOriginal

19451947195019531953

195719601964

19661968

19711973197519771979198119841987

1988

‘Valget konservativt set’.‘Grib om Bramdemelden’.Det conservative Fotkepartis valgmanifest, published inApril: ‘Deres Lod i V=gtskaafen’.Sept.: De Konservatives politiske udtalelse,published by the Workers’ Information Centre‘Det bliver ikke bedre f@rvi faar en ny regering’.‘En fremtid i frihed’ (A Future in Freedom).Det conservative Folkepartis valgmanifest. ‘Borgerlig iedelsemad tryghed, frihed, velstand eller socialistisk ledelse?.‘Nu geelder det: retten til at eje’.‘Tryghed og tiflid’.

‘De naste ir’ (The Next Years).‘En ny regering -en ordentlig politik’.‘Valget gzelder fire ~r: Valg 75.‘ProtesNalg igen eller positiv indsats?’. Published in‘Sildan l@servi Danmarks uroblemer’.‘S5dan l@serDanmark sins problemer’.information missing‘Resultater der er werd at arbejde for’. Published in:

‘Sammenhold giver sikkerhed. Vi vil forsaette arbejdet’.

OriginalOriginafVO 19.8.50OriginalAIC

OriginalOriginal

OriginalOriginalFV 23, jan. 1968.OriginalOriginalOriginalFvVT Feb. 1977OriginalOriginal

VT 31. Aug. 1987,pp. 12-13Original

39

13951 Frem Fremskrfdtspattiet (progress Party)

19731975

1977

19791981198419871988

Fremskndtsparhct valggrundlag‘De er 10 emg med os I at -afvrkhng afmdkomstskatterne - begrmrsmg af papmddet -sanenng af lovgwngen - det vd V11Fremskndtspartlet’‘Den forddede skat’ Pubhshed m the party perlodlcsf

‘Rednmgsplanen for Danmark’‘Fremskndtspartlet Rednmgsplanen for Dsnmark’mformatlon ‘mwsmgFremskrldts -Partlet -forden personligefrlhed PubbshedrnValgmarufest.

13952 Rets Retsforbundet (Justice Party)

1945

19471950195319531957

196019641966196819711973

1975

1977197919811984

‘@konomlskFngmelse er Forundsalnmgen for personhg Fnhed’leaflet for a Copenhagen constituency‘@riskerDe Fnhed eller Tvang?’‘VeJenfrem’, The party electlon newspaperApril ‘Lax Retsforbundet at Kende’Sept Retsforbundeta pohtlske udtrdelse, publlshedby‘Fremgang for Retsforbundet betyder Fremgang for heledet danske FolJd‘Retsforbundets folketmgsgruppe har ldag f@lgendevalgopr?itiRetsforbundets valgudtafelse, pubhshed mRetsforbundets vafgmamfest, pubhshed mValgopr~b fra Dsnmarks RetsforbundInformation mmsmg‘DetdreJerslgom EtselvstzmdlgtDanmark, @konomlskfnhed og social retfrerdlghed’‘DetdreJerslgom Valgetden 9Jsnuar ersfene statsmlnlsterHarthrrgs beslutnmg’Retsforbundets valgudtalelse 1977Retsforbundets valgudtafelse 1979‘x Eden8 december’ Retsforbundet 1981mformatlon mmsmg

OnguralFS 197’7OnguralOngmalOngmal

FS1987, no 27Ongmal

OngmalOngmalOngmalOngmalAfc

OngmalOngmalAPno 6,1964RFNov 1966Orlgmal

Ongrnsf

OngmalOngmsfOngrnsJOngumf

13953 DS Danks SamIlng (Danish Union]

1945 Informatlonmlssurg

40

KEY:

Vo = Valg-Orientering, Det Conservative FolkepartiLF . Land og FofkAIC = Arbejdernes Information Central: Social demokratietAP = ‘4ktuel politik’, Socialdemokratiske rioterFS = FolketsStemme, Socialdemokraties ValgavisFA = ‘Det Fn Aktuel~UP =’Ugens Politik’, The Radical PartyTPO =Tidskrift forpolitisk orientering, Liberalt Centrum1P = Party election newspaper Ide - PolitikFV = Folketingsvalget, Det conservative Folkeparti’s valgudtalelseVT = Vor Tid, Det conservative FolkepartiFS = FremskridtRF = Ret og Frihed, Danmarks Retsforbund

2,6a French Parties Coded

M/R1 Party Electlons2 NOS3 CM#first-last

9 PCF-Partl Commumstc Franqms(COmmumst Party)

1946-1988 12 31220

1 SIFO-Section fran alse de I’rrrtematlonale

%l%%%;$::%lste

1946-1988 10 31320

m 1969(Soclalrst Party)

2 RRS-Partl r~puhcain radical et radical 1946+1962 4 31421aoclalrste (Radical Soclahst Party)

13 MRP-Mouvement rt ubhcsrn populalre(Popular Repubhcan%lovernent)

1946+1962 4 31521

21 Centre dfmocrat Democratic Centre),$

1967+1968 2 31522re,named Cerrtre u progr?s et de lademocrahe moderne (Democratic Cerrtre)

m 1968

14 Gaulhsts 1951-1988 9 31621

12 Conservatwes 1946+1962 4 31622

15 poujadlsts 1956 1 31623

Joint Programmed:

PCF (31220) and PS (31320) 1973 1 31991

Conservatives (31622) and Gaulhsta (31621) 1981 1 31992

PS (31320) and RRS (31421) 1967+1968 2 31993

Democratic Centre (31522) and RRS (31421) 1973 1 31994

Democrahc Centre 31522) and .$

1978Conservatwes (316 2)

1 31995


1 Codes as w’en m ‘tlomas MackMtlchard Rose, The Internalwnat Atmanac of Electorat HLUOry, Houndm&Bmmg.wok., Ham sbuc, London 1991

c12 EtectIons for whI documenu are coded3 Number of co&d documenm4 Campuauve Manlfeslm ProJec[ cak for partms

42

2.6.b French Documents Covered

DATE —------4611.00

5106.00

5601.00

5811.00

6211.00

6703.00

6803.00

7303.00

7!203.00

8106.00

8603.00

8806.00

DATE -------4611.00

5106.00

5601.00

5811.00

62L~.00

6703.00

6803.00

7303.00

7803.00

8106.00

0603.00

8806.00

column

FRA: Pcr FRA: Ps FRA: RRS FRA: MRP FRA: Dem FRP.: G=. FF,A: c.”Conm.ni Socialis Radical Popular ocratic llists servativ31220.00 31320.00 31421.00 31521.00 31522.00 31621.00 31622.00-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ________

1 1 1 1 1-------- ------.- ---—---- -------- ________ -------- --------

1 1 1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -----_-- --------

1 1 1-------- ------.- _-—--_-- _______ ________ -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- ._--_--- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ________

L 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- ________ -------- --------

1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --_----- --------

1 1 1~-------- ________ -------- ________ -------- -------- ________

1 1 1-------- -------- .-__---- -------- -------- -------- --------

12 10 4 4 2 9

FRA: POU FP.A:PCF FRA: Cau FRA: PSI FRA: Ce. FRA: Cenjadists IPS llists /c RRS tra/RRS tcelccm,s31623.00 31991.00 31992.00 31993.00 31994.00 31995.00-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

.------- -------- -------- ________ -------- --------

.__--_-- -_—-__-- -------- -------- -------- --------

1.----_-- -------- -------- ________ -------- --------

-------- -------- ________ -------- -------- --------

-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------1

-------- -------- ________ ________ -------- --------1

-------- -------- ________ ________ -------- --------1 1

-------- -------- ________ ________ -------- ________1

________ -------- -------- -------- -------- ________1

----------------- -------- -------- -------- --------

-------- -------- ________ -------- -------- --------

----------------- -------- -------- -------- --------1 1 1 2 1 1

4’

ROWTotal

5

3

6

6

6

4

4

5

4

3

3

3

52

ROWTota1

5

3

6

6

6

4

4

5

4

3

3

3

52

43

31220 PCF Parti Communist Francais (Communist Part@

1946 En avant pour la Vlctorre de la Rtpubhque Speech pronounced by Maurice Thorezat the presentation of Commumst candidates for the Serne dlstnct (dipartement)Pans, Edltlons du PCF, 1946, 16 pages

1951 Comment Sortu de l’Ablme Programme d’Irrd6pendance Natronale, de Progr?sSocial de D6mocratle et de Pmx du PCF Pans, Imp du PCF, no date, 29 pages

1956 Dlscours et Articles, novembre-d6cembre 1955, Maurice Thorez Pans, PPI, 1956,31 pages

1958 ‘Que Proposent J-es Commurnstesv Bulletrrr d’Information et de Propagrmde du ParhCommuruste Frarrqals’,19, October 1958, pp 16

1962 ‘Vers l’Avenrr’,ElectIons L4glslatwes, Novembre 1962 Psns, Parti CommumsteFran$als, 1962, pp 16

1967 ‘D’AuJourd’hu]i Demam’, Programme du Partl Commumste Frarr$als, ElectionsL6glslatwes de 1967, l’Humanlt6-Dlmanche’ 953,7 November 1966, pp 15

1968 ‘Programme du Partl ~mmumste Franqms’,E16ctlons [email protected] de 1968, n d n 1,pp 14

1973 ‘Changer de Cap’, Progrsnrme pour un Gouvernement Dr5mocratlqued’UmonPopularre, Pans, Edltlons Soclales, 1971, pp 251

1978 ‘Programme Commun de Gouvernement Actuahs.5’,Psrtl Communrste Frangars,Pans Edmons Socmfes, 1978, pp 191

1981 rrrformahon missing1986 rnformauon mlssmg1988 rnformatlon mmmg

31320 PS Parti Socialist (Socialist Party)

1946 Programme d’Action du Pam Soclahste SFIO, A.ssamrr,produrre, 6purer, 6duquer,ltbtker Pans, Edltlons de la Llbert6, 1946,73 pages

1951 ElectIons L6gnlatwes du 17 ]um 1951 Programme d’Action SFIO 43rd NahocdCongress Paris, Imp Chateaudun, 1951, 16 pages

1956 Elections L6gmlatrves du 2 prmer 1955, Progrsmme d’Action du Partl SoclahsteSFIO, Bureau Natlorrale de Propaganda, 1956 Document reprinted m Le PopulaueDlmanche, n“ 358

1958 ‘D4clslon et Compte-Rendus’, 50?me Congr&sNahonal SFIO Issy-les-Mouhrraux,September 14, 1958 Le Populalre de Pans 15 September 1958

1962 ‘PrograrrrmerJ’Action’,Eiectlons L4glslatwes, Novembre 1962, Dossier du CarrdldatSFIO, Pans, 1962, pp 7

1967 document mlssmg1968 document mlssmg1973 ‘Partl Soclahste Changer la Vie’, Programme de Gouvemment du Psrtl Soclshste,

Pans, Fkmrmanon, 1972, pp 2491978 ‘Programme Commun de Gouvernement de la Gauche’, propositions Soclahstcs pour

l’Actuallsat]on, Pans, Flammanon, 1978, pp 1281981 ‘Cent DU Proposltlons pour la France’, Ms.mfeste du Partl Socmkste, Congr?s

Extraordma~e, Cr&ed, 24 January 1981, Le Monde, Dosslera et Documents, I-esElectIons L&glslatwes de 1981, June 1981, pp 67

1986 mformatlon mlssmg1988 rnformatlon mmsmg

44

31421 RRS Parti r6publicain et radical socialist (Radical Socialist Party)

1946 Edouard Herriot vous parle... Paris, Imprimerie sp~ciale du Parti Radical et RadicalSocialist, 1946, 32 pages.

1951 documeot missing1956 Programme du Parti Radical. Speech by Pierre Mend?s-France, adopted by the

National Congress of the Radical Party. In Elections L6gislatives du 2 janvier 1956,programme 61ectoral, Paris, Parti Radical et Radical Socialist, 1956.

1958 ‘Documents Techniques Arguments et Ripostes’, Elections Lfgislatives de 1958.Note G6n&raled’Orientatiorr, Paris, Parti Radical et Radical Socialist, 1958, pp. 5

1962 ‘La France ii l’Heure Europ6enne’, Manifeste du Rassemblement IXmocratiqueElections es 18 et 25 Novembre 1962. Paris

31521 MRP Mouvement r+publicain populaire (Popular Republican Movement)

1946 Quelle sera la Constitution de la IV &meR6publique? Speech by Paul Coste-lloret.Paris, SEM, 1946, 15 pages.

1951 document missing1956 Les Objectifs du MRP pour la prochaine Egislature. Paris, MRP, December 1955,

8 pages.1958 ‘Fichier du Militant’, Elections L6gislatives, Novembre 1958. Action Civique et

Politique, 11 October 1958, pp. 48.1962 ‘MRP. Dossier du Candidat’, Elections L&gislatives de 18 et 25 Novembre 1962.

Paris, 1962, Multigraph.

31522 Centre d6mocrat (Democratic Centre)

1967 Centre D6mocrate, ‘Manifeste Electoral, Courrier des D6mocrates’, 31, February 13,1967, pp. 16

1968 Candidate’s Speech Specimen in Dossier du Candidat Progr& et D6mocratieModerne, Elections L6gislatives de 1968, Paris, pp. 6

45

.

31621 GauIlists

1946 document mlssmg1951 Mamfesto adopted at the “Conh5rence Natlonale des Elus” of the RPF Levaflols,

March 12, 1951 In Le Rassemblement, March 15, 19511956 document mlssmg1958 ‘Dossier du Candidate UNR’, ElectIons J.Aglslatives, 1958 Pans, 19581962 ‘Dossier du Candldat UNR’, ElectIons Lkglslatwea, 1962 Pans, 1962, pp 321967 Comlt6 d’Achon pour la Cmqui$me R6publlque, Marnfeste ‘Pour le Progr5s,

l’Indr5pendenceet la Palx avec le G6n6ral de Gaulle’, 1967, pp 61968 ‘Msmfeste de l’Union pour la D6fenie de la Rtpubhque’, ElectIons L.@slahves de

Juur 1968, La Nation, 19 June 1968, pp 21973 ‘Prograrrrmede Provms’, Pierre Messmer, 7 Janwer 1973, Le D6mocrate,

January 19731978 ‘Proposlhons pour la France’, prA.ent6es par Jerome Monod, assemblement pour Ie

R6publlque, Psns, Stock, 1977, pp 2351981 ‘Pacte pour l’Union de la Nouvelle MaJorlt6’,d6claratlon commune, 15 mal 1981, Le

Monde, Dossiers et Documents, La ElectIons L4glslatwes de Jurrr 1981, pp 15-161986 mformatlon mlssmg1988 Urformatlon miss.mg

31622 Conservatives

1946 Le Programme du Partl Rtpubhcam de la Llbertt Pans, PRL, no date, 46 pages1951 document missrng1956 Fiches de Documentahon, Elechons J.&tslatives, 1956 Psns, Centre Nahonal des

Ind6pendsnts et Paysans, 1956 6 fast1958 ‘Fiches de Documentahon CNIP’, Elechons Lkglslatwes, Pans, Imp Lange, 1958,

pp 821962 ‘Fiches de Documentation CNIP’, ElectIons Lkglslatwes Pans, Imp Lange, 1962,

pp 68

31623 Poujadists

1956 Fraterrut6 Franqalse, December 1955 The followurg texts have been coded“AUXForces Vwes de la NatIon” m n“ 28“Comlt&National de Salut Pubhc” m no29“L’Heure de la Vent6° (address by P poujade) m n“ 31

46

Joint Programmed:

31991 Communist (PCF 31220) and Socialist Parties (PS 31320)

1973 ‘Programme Commun de Gouverrrement’ du Parti Communist Franpais et du PartiSocialist, Paris, Editions Sociales, 1972, pp. 192

31992 Conservatives (31622) and GauIIists (31621/

1981 ‘Pacte pour I’Union de la Nouvelle Majorit6’, declaration commune, 15 mai 1981, LeMonde, Dossiers et Documents, Les Elections L6gislatives de Juin 1981, pp. 15-16

31993 Socialist (PS 31320) and Radical Party (RIM 31421)

1967 ‘Une Politique des R6alit6s pour la R6publique des Citoyens’, Marrifeste de la FGDS.Le PopuIaire de Paris, 12298,4 February 1967, pp. 17.

1968 ‘Programme de la FGDS’, Elections L6gislatives de 1968, Dossier du CandidatFDGS, Paris, 1968, pp. 13.

31994 Democratic Centre (31522) and Radical Party (RRS 31421)

1973 ‘Le Projet R6formateur’, Lean Lecanuet et Jean Jacques Servan-Schreiber, Pans,Robert Laffont, 1972, pp. 31-80.

31995 Democratic Centre (31522) and Conservatives (31622)

1978 ‘Le Programme de Blois’, Objectifs d’Action pour les Libert6s et la Justice, prLsent6par Raymond Barre, Paris, Fayard, 1978, pp. 27-73.

47

2.7.a German Patiles Coded

M/R1 Party ElectIonsz NOS3 CMP4first-last

51 Dle Grunen (Greens) 1983-1987 2 41111

28 KPD-Kommunlstlsche Partel Deutschlands 1949 1(Commumst Party)

41220

2 SPD-SonaIdemokratlsche Partel 1949-1987 11 41320Deutschlands (Social Democrats)

38 FDP-Frele Demokratlsche Partel 1949-1987 11 41420(Free Democrats)

36 CDU/CSU-Chrlstllch Demokratlsche Unlorr/ 1949-1987 11Chrrsthch Sozrale Umon (ChristianDemocratic Umorr/Chnshan SOCMIUmon)

41521

1 DZ-Deutsche Zentrumspartel (Centre Party) 1949+1953 2 41522

41 DP-Deutsche Partcl (German Party) 1949-1957 3 41620

40 WAV-WmschafthcheAufbauveremlgung 1949 1 41711(Economic Reconstruction League)

42 DRP-Deutsche Relchspartel 1949 1 41712(German Reich Party)

39 BP-Bay ernpartel @avarlan Pariy) 1949 1 41911

43 SSW-Sudschleswrgscher Wahlerverband - 1949 1 41912

~l~;;2C#;$~1&TT$igue)

45 GB/BHE-Gesamtdeutscher BlocY

1953 1 41951Bund der Helmatvertnebenen unEntrechteten (Refugee Party)

Total number of documents coded 46

1 tides as gwen m liwnus Mackwlhchd Rose,‘Ih lmernakmd Almanac of EtectordHistory, Houndmdk,B&sin&stoke,Hampslure, fmndo. 1991

2 Eleclmn.s forwbddo cumentiarecoded3 Number ofcodeddocumenb4 &mparaUVc Man,feSIWprOJCC(CdCfOC~arl’CS

48

2.7.b German Documents Covered

DATE -------.4908.00

5309.00

5709.00

6109.00

6509.00

6909.00

7211.00

7610.00

120Lo.00

8303.00

8701.00

Column

DATE --.----.4908.00

5309.00

5709.00

6109.00

6509.00

6909.00

7211.00

7610.00

8010.00

8303.00

8701.00

:ER: The GER: KPD GER: SPD GER: FDP GER: CDUGreens cmnm.ni social Free De /csu Chr Rowilll;.00\41220.oa\41320.a0\41420.00 \41521.oO\ Total._---__- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- ________

1 1 1-------- --------

1 1 1.----.—. __.—---- -------- ________ --------

1 1 1.---_--- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- ________

1 1 1.--—--_- -------- -------- ________ ________

1 1 1

1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

3 1 12 12 12

10

6

4

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

6

46

:ER: D?, GER: DP GER, WAV GER: DKP GER: BP GER, ssw G3X: GB/:entre P German P Economi /DRP Ger Bavarian south s B8E Refu&1522.00\41620.00\41711.00\41712.00141911.00]41912.00]41951.00/

-------- -------- -------- ._ --_-—- -------- -------- --------1 1 1

-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------1 I

.--_--_- ----- —-- -_ —----- ________ -------- -------- --------

-------- -------- -—------ -------- -------- -------- ________

.--__--- -__-.--- _-- —---- -------- ________ -------- ________

-------- -------- --_-_-.- -------- -------- -------- --------

________ ________ -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ----_---

.---_-_- -------- -------- -------- -------- ________ --------

-------- -------- --__--.- -------- -------- -------- --------

-------- —_______-------- -------- -------- -------- --------2 3 1 1 1 1 1

RowTotal

10

6

4

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

4

46

49

41111 Die Grunen @he Greens)

1983 ‘Dlesmal DfE GRUNEN - Warum?’, Eur Aufruf zur Bundestagswahl 1983,Bundesgeschaftsstelle DIE GRUNEN (ed ), Bonn o J Ongmal

1987 ‘Farbe bekennen’, Bundestagswahlprogramm 1987, BundesgeschaftsstelleDIE GRUNEN (ed ), Bonn o J Ongural

41220 KPD Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Communist Part~

1949 ‘Emhelt, Fneden Wohlstand’, Wahlprogramm der KPD, Juh 1949, mKPD 1945-1956, Berhn (Ost), Dwtz 1965, p 186-193

Dokumente der

41320 SPD Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic Part@

1949 ‘Fur em freles Deutschland m emem neuen Europa’,Wahlaufruf der SPD zurBundestagswahl 1949, us Neuer Vorwarts, 16 JUII1949, Sonderbedage p 9

1953 ‘Das Wahlprogramm der SPD’, Vorstand der SPD (ed ), Bonn, JUII1953 Ongural1957 ‘Slcherhelt fur alle’, Wahlprogramm 1957, m Os.mpK Flechthelm (ed ), Dokumente

zur partelpohhschen Entwcklung in Deutschland selt 1945, Bd 111,BerfmDokumenten-Verlag Herbert Wendler 1963, p 147-154

1961 ‘Das Reglerungsprogramm der SPD’, m Jahresbenchte der SPD 1960/611965 ‘Tatsachen und Argument’, Erkkdgen der SPD-Reglerungsmannschaft zur

Bundestagswafrl 1965, Vorstand der SPD (ed ), SOPADE-Rednerdienst, Bonn 8/651969 ‘Reglerungsprogramm der Sozraldemokratlschen Partel Deutschlands 1969’,

Vorstand der SPD (ed ), Bonn 4/69 Ongmal1972 ‘MltWMr Brandt fur Fneden, .%cherhelt und eme bessere Quahtat des J_ebens’,

Wahlprogramm der SPD 1972, m Jahrbuch der Sozsafdemokratxhen PartelDeutschlands 1970-1972, p 507-547

1976 ‘Welter arbelten am Modell Deutschland’ Reglerungsprogramm der SPD 1976-80,Dortmund, Vorstand der SPD (ed ) Abt bffenthchkeltsarbelt, Bonn Juru 1976Ongmal

1980 ‘Slcherhe]t fur Deutschland’, Wahlprogramm der SPD 1980, Vorstand der SPD (ed ),Abt Presse und Information, Bonn, Jum 1980 Ongural

1983 ‘Das Reglerungsprogramm der SPD 1983-1987’, Vorstand der SPD (ed ), Abt Presseund Information, Bonn 1/83 Ongmal

1987 ‘Zukunft fur alle - arbelten fur sozrale Gerechhgkelt und Fneden’,Reglerungsprogramm der Sozraldemokratlschen Partel Deutschfands, Vorstand derSPD, Abt Presse und Information, Bonn 10/86 Ongrnal

50

41420 FDP Freie Demokratische Partei Deutschlands (Free Democratic Party)

1949 ‘Bremer Platform’, Beschliisse des 1. Bundesparteitages der FDP am 11. und 12.Juni 1949 in Bremen, in: Peter Juling, Programmatische Entwicklung der FDP 1946.1969, Eine Einftihrung und Dokumente, Meisenheim am Glan: Verlag Anton Hairr1977, p. 87-102

1953 ‘Wahlprogramm 1953’, in: Ibid., p. 128-1321957 ‘4ktionsprogramm 1957’, in: Ibid., p. 155-1571961 ‘Aufruf zur Bundestagswahl 1961’, in: Ibid., p. 162-19671965 ‘Ziele des Fortschritts’, Aktionsprogramm der Freien Demokratischen Partei, 107

Thesen, beschlossen vom 18. Bundesparteitag der FDP vom 3. bis 5. April 1967 inHannover. in: Ibid.. D. 180-199

1969 ‘Praktische Politik fir” Deutschland. - Das Konzept der FDP’, in: Ibid., p. 200-2091972 I. ‘Vorfahrt fiir Vernunft’, Wahlaufruf der F.D.P. zur Bundestagswahl 1972, in:

Giinter Verheugen (cd.), Das Programm der Liberalen. Zehn Jahre Programmarbeitder F.D.P., Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft 1979, p. 163-165IL ‘Die Freiburger Tbesen’, Freiburger Tbesen der FDP zur Gesellschaftspolitik,beschlossen auf dem F.D.P.-Parteitag vom 25.-27. Oktober 1971 in Freiburg/i.B., in:Ibid., p. 43-122

1976 ‘Freiheit - Fortschritt - Leistung’. Wahlprogramm. Bundesgeschiiftsstelle der F.D.P.(cd.), Bonn o.J. Original

1980 ‘Unser Land SO1lsuch morgen liberal sein’, Wahlprogramm der FreienDemokratischen Partei fur die Bundestagswahlen am 5. Oktober 1980, Liberal-Verlag GmbH (cd.), Bonn o.J. Originaf

1983 ‘Freiheit braucht Mut’, Wahlaussage ’83 der Freien Demokratischen Partei ftir dieBundestagswahlen am 6. Marz 1983, Liberal-Verlag GmbH (cd.), Bonn 1983.Originaf

1987 ‘Zukunft durch Leistung’, Die Wahlplattform der F.D.P. zur Bundestagswahl 1987,Freie Demokratische Partei (cd.), Bonn: Liberal-Verlag o.J. Original

51

41521 CDU/CSU Christlich-Demokratische Union / Christlich Sozlale Union (ChristianDemocratic Union / Chrlstims Social Union)

1949 ‘Dusseldorfer Leltsatze’, m Osslp K Flechthelm (ed ), Dokumente zurpartelpohhscherr Enhwcklung m Deutschland selt 1945, Bd II, Berlin Dokumenten-Verlag Herbert Wendler 1962, p 58-76

1953 ‘Hamburger Piogramm fur den zwelterr deutschen Bundestag’, m Rnd, P 94-1051957 I ‘4rr das deu~sche Volk’, Das Mamfest der Chnstflch-Demofrratlschen Umon, CDU-

Bundesgeschaftsstefle (ed ), Bonn o J Ongmaf11 ‘Grundsatzentschhe!hng von Karlsruhe’, verabschledct auf dem 9Bundesparteltag vom 26 bls 29 Aprd 1960 m Karlsruhe, in Dle Ge~hlchte dcrCDU, Programm und Pohtrk der Chrlstllch-Demokratlschen U~on Deutschlandsselt 1945, Redalmon und Bearbeltung Wulf Schonbohm, Bonn tns Miwz1980,p 50-54

1961 ‘Kolner Manrfest’, Daa Wahlprogramm der CDU zur Bundestagawshl 1961, m OswpK Flechthelm (ed ), Dokumente zur partelpohhschen Entwtcklung, p. 146-148

1965 ‘Dusseldorfer Erfdarung der CDU’, Chnstlich-Demokratrsche Union (ed ),Bundesgeschaftsstefle, Rednerdlerrst, Bonn Ma 1965

1969 ‘Slcher m dle 70er Jshre’, Kurt Georg IQesmger, CDU -1969-1973- Wafrlprogrammder Chnsthch-Demokratlschen Unton Deutschlands, Bundesgeschaftsstelle der CDU(ed ), Bonn o J. Ongmal

1972 ‘Wlr bauen den Fortschntt auf Stabhtat’, CDU Reglerungsprogramr&Bundesgeshaftsstelle der CDU (ed ), Bonn o J Original

1976 ‘Aus Llebe zu Deutschland Fur die Frelhen, dle wrr heben Frq,de Slcherhel~ dievnr brauchen Fur dle Zukunft, dle wir wollen’ Dss Wahlprogramrn dcr CDU undCSU 1976, CDU-BundesgeschaftsstelJe (ed ), Abterlung offersthchkeltsarbelgKonrad-Adenauer-Haus, Bonn o J Ongrnaf

1980 ‘Fur Fneden und Frehelt’ Das Wshlprogrsmm der CDU/CSU, Bundestagswshl 1980,CDU-Bundesgeschaftsstelle (ed ), Abtedung Offenthchkeltsarbelt, Konrad-Adenauer-Haus, Bonn o J Orgtsraf

1983 ‘Arbelt, Fneden, Zukunft - Mltemander schaffen WW’S’,Dss W,qhlp\ogramm derCDU/C&KJ,,CDU - slcher - sozmf und frel, CDU-B&rdesgeschaftsstelfe (ed ),Abterlung offenthchkelts~be$ Konrad-Adenauer-Haus, Bonn o.J. Ongmal

1987 ‘Welter so, Deutschlartd - fur cure gute Zukunft’, Das Wahlprograrhm von CDU undCSU fur dle Bundestagswahl 1987, CDU-Bundesgeschaftsstelle (cd.), Abterlung~ffenthchkeltsarbeu, Konrad-Adenauer-Haus, CDU extra, Bonn o J Ongrrral

41522 DZ Deutsche Zentrwnspartei (Centre Part~

1949 ‘Soester Prog)kunmvon 1945’, m O&slpK Flechthelm (ed ), Dokumente zurpartelpohtischen Entwrcklung in Deutschland selt 1945, Bd II, Berfm. Dokumenten-Verlag Herbert Wendler 1962, p 244-245

1953 ‘Kolner Erklarung zur deutschen Pohhk vom 7 und 8 Marz 1953’, m Ibid,p 263-265

52

41620 DP Deutsche Partei (German Party~

1949 “Programmpunkte der Deutschen Partei’, in: DP (cd.), Wine und Wesen derDeutschen Partei, Eine Schnftenreihe, Alfeld 1949, o.J.

1953 ‘Wohl und Ehre des deutschen Volkes und Vaterlandes stehen iiber allem - Daher:Staatspolitik vor Parteipolitik’, Arbeitsprogramm fiir den zweiten DeutschenBundestag, in: Ossip K. Flechtheim (cd.) Dokumente zur parteipolitischenEntwicklung, P. 387-393

1957 ‘Wahlprogramm der Deutschen Partei (DP/FVP)’, iw Bundesgeschiftsfiihrung derDeutschen Partei (DP/FVP) (cd.), Was die Deutsehe Partei will .... Material zureigenen Weiterbildung, Kommentare vom VII. Bundesparteitag in Hamburg am 28.und 29. Mai 1957, Bonn 1957, p. 1-4

41711 WAV Wirtschatlliche Aut%auvereinigung (Economic Reconstruction League/

1949 ‘Programm der WAV vom 10. Dezember 1945’, in: Deutsches Institut fiirZeitgeschichte (cd.), Die westdeutschen Parteien, 1945-1965. Ein Handbuch, Berfin(Ost): Dietz 1966, p. 511-518

41712 DRP Deutsche Reichspartei (German Reich Party)

1949 ‘Was will die Deutsche-Rechts-Partei?’, Fbsgblatt des DKP/DRP-LandesverbandsNiedersachsen, in: Archiv des ZI 6, Freie Universitat Berlin

41911 BP Bayernpartei (Bavarian Party]

1949 ‘Programm 1948, Ffugblatt der L.arrdesgeschaftssteffe der Bayernpartei, in: Ossip K,Flechtheim (cd.), Dokumerrte zur parteipolitischen Errtwicklung in Deutschland seit1945, Bd. II, Berlin: Dokumenten-Verlag Herbert Wendler 1962, p. 238-239

41912 SSW Sudschleswigscher Wahlerverband (South Schleswig Voters’ League~

1949 ‘Rednerrichtlinien fiir die Wahl zum Westdeutschen Bundestag’, HektographiertesMrmuskrip~ Hermann Clausens, Referat, Schleswig, den 14. Juli 1949, auf Anfragevom SSW zugeschickt

41951 GB/BHE Gesamtdeutscher Block/Bund der Heimatvertriebeneu undEutrechteten(Refugee Party)

1953 ‘Programm des Gesamtdeutschen Blocks/BHE fiir die Bundestagswahl 1953’, in:Franz Neumann, Der Block der Heimatvertriebenen und Entrechteten 1950-1960,Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte und Struktur einer politischen Interessenpartei,Meisenheim am Glan: Verlag Anton Hain 1968, p. 442-444

53

2.8.a Irish Parties Coded

M/R’ Party Elcchonsz Nosj CMFfirst-last

19 WP-Workers’ Party 1982-1987 . 2 53220

8 ILP-Insh bbour Party 1948-1987 11 53320

25 PDP-Progresswe Democratic Party 1987+1987 1 53420

14 Fme Gael/United Ireland Party(Tribe of Gaels)

1948-1987 11 ‘r 53520

10 Flanna FM (Warners of Destroy) 1948-1987 13 53620

Joint Programmed

Gxfmon Irrsh Labour Party and 1973+1977 2Fme Gael

53991


1 Codes as Swcn m ‘llomas Mtch#Rlchud Rex, The IntcrnafmnalAbnanac ~ Electoral Hurmy, HoundmMBa.nnptok.,Ham she, London1991

!2 ElectionsforWillCdocumentsMC coded3 Number ofcodeddcwmenm4 &@J~U,tW’~Man,fest.nprojectcodefor @,es

54

2.8.b Iz-kh Documents Covered

IIRE: W, IRE: Lab IRE: PDP IRE: Fin IRE: Fia IRE: COa

Iworkers 0.. Part Prc.qres e Gael ... Fail litio” Bow

/53220.00153320.00153420.00153520.00 153620.00153991.0Ol Total

DATE -------- I-------- I-------- I-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1--------14802.00 11 1111

I-------- 1-------- l-------- I-------- l-------- I-------- I5105.00

1--------I-----:-- i--------i-----:-- l----: --i-------- i5404.00 I

1--------I-----:--i-------- 1-----:--1-----:--!--------!5703.00 1111

1--------1-----:--!--------1--------I--------l--------!6110.00 11 1111

I-------- 1-------- 1--------1 -------- I--------1 -------- I6504.00

I--------1-----:--!--------1-----:--1-----:--1--------I6906.00

I--------i-----:--i--------i-----:--i-----:--i--------I1302.00 I

l--------i--------!--------1-------- !-----:--1-----:--17706.00

1--------i--------i--------i--------l-----:--i-----:--i8106.00

I--------i-----:--i--------l-----:--l-----:--i--------18202.00

1--------i-----:-- i--------i-----:--i-----:--i--------i8211.00 11 11

I-----:-- 1-----:-- i-------- l-------- [-------- I--------i8702.0o

I-----:--i-----:--i-----:-- I-----:-- I-----:--1--------icolumn 3 12 2 12 14 2

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

3

3

4

5

40

55

53220 WP Workers’Party

1982-09 ‘Workers Umtel’ General ElectIon Mamfesto, Ongtnal1987 ‘No Job? Overtaxed? Welfsm Cut? Forced to Emigrate? Fight back wltb the

Workers’ Party’ Mamfesto, Generrd Elecuon 1987, Ongmal

53320 ILP Irish Labour Party

1948

1951

19541957

196119651969

1973197719811982-021982-11

1987

‘Party Leaders on theu Prograrnmes, No 4 Labour’Irish Independent, 2711948‘Appendix I General ElectIon 1951- Labour Party Manifesto Labour’s Wayto Achieve Prosperity and.$ecurlty’m. Adrnrmstratwe Courrcll Report for 1950~51 and 1951-52Dublin the Labour Party, 1952, pp 52-4‘More for Socml Semccs, Pensions’ [nsh Press,304 1954‘Appendix I General Election 1957. Labour Party Election Programmed’,m Admuustrative Councrf Report for 1956-57Dubhrr the Labour Party, 1957, p~ 26-8‘More Planmng ISLabour Am’ Irtsh Tunes, 1381961‘bbour Election Manifesto’, Irish Times, 24.31965‘Appendix No 1 1969 General Election’,m Labour Party Annual Report 1969 Dublrn”the Labour Party,1969, pp 68-83Document mlssmg, see 53991Document mlssmg, see 53991‘Labour ’81 ElectIon Progrsmme’ Dubhn. Tire Labour Party, 1981Text of OLeary’s Statement, newspaper artrclc‘Where Labour Stands Jobs, Equalrty and Justice wrtb Labour’.Election Programme, November 1982, Ongmal‘People Matter Most’ Laborrr Party Election ’87 Manrfesto, Ongmal

53420 PDP progressive Democratic Party

1987 ‘A Nahon that Works Progressive Democrats’ Bluepmt for Jobs,Fair Tsxatlon and Scxial JustIcc’, Original

56

53520 Fine Gael (Tribe of Gaels)

1948

195119541957

1961196519691973197719811982-02

1982-111987

‘Party L&ders on their Programmed’, No. 3: Fine Gael’.Irish Independent, 26.1.1948Election leaffet for Dun Laoghaire Rathdown Constituency‘Costeflo gives 13 Principles’. Irish Press, 3.5.1954‘Taoiseach gives 16 Reasons for Supporting Fine Gaef’.Irish Times, 1.3.1957‘What Fine Gael Stands For’. Dublin: Fine Gael, 1961‘Fine Gael Policy 1965: ‘Towards a Just Society’. Dublin: Fine Gael, 1965‘Winning Through to a Just Society’. Dublin: Fine Gael, 1969Document missing, see 53991Document missing, see 53991‘ABetter Future: Let the Country Win’. Dublin: Fine Gael, 1981Speech by the Taoiseach, Dr. Garret Fitzgerald, to Galway Chamber ofCommerce at their Annual Dinner in University College,Gafway on Saturday the 30th of January 1982, at 8.30 p.m.,issued by the Government Information Service‘Fine Gael Priorities’, typescripta) ‘We ‘ve done the Groundwork - Now Let’s Build the Nation.Breaking out of the Vicious Circle, Election ‘87’,Originalb) ‘Jobs - the Priority - Breaking out of the Vicious Circle’,Fine Gael Press Office

53620 Fianna Fail (Warriors of Destirry~

1948

1951

1954

195719611965196919731977

19811982-021982-11

1987

‘Party Leaders on their Programmed’, No. 1: Fianna Fiil. Irish Independent,23.1.1948‘To the Electors of the West Galway’. Leaflet published by Fianna F6ilcontaining the ‘Great National Reconstruction Programme’Radio Broadcast by An Tanaiste, Mr. %an Lemass, on Tuesday, llth May,1954’. Dublin: Fiarrna FiW,1954, mimeo‘Campaign to Beat Crisis’. Irish Press, 16.2.1957‘Taoiseach Foresees Change in Population Trend’. Irish Times, 12.8.1961‘People Will Back Us All the Way Again Taoiseach’. Irish Press, 17.3.1965‘Taoiseach Opens F.F. Election Campaign’. Irish Times, 28.5.1969‘Text of Taoiseach’s Statement’. Irish Times, 6.2.1973‘Manifesto: Action Plan for National Reconstruction’.Dublin: Fianna Fiiil, 1977‘Our Programme for the ‘80s’.DubIii Fiarma Fdil, 1981Text of Fianrra Fid election programme, newspaper article 3-2-1982‘The great chaflenge lies in our population growth’, newspaper article byCharles Haughey, The Irish Times, Thursday the 18th of November 1982,p. 12‘The Programme for Nationaf Recovery ‘,Originaf

57

53991 Joint Programme Fine Gael (53711) and Labour Party (53320~

1973 ‘Statement of Intent’ Dublin Fme Gael and the Labour Party, 1973, mrmeo1977 ‘The National Coahtlon Government Achievements,

Programmc for Progress’ Dublin Fme Gael and the Labour Party, 1977

2.9.a Italian Parties Coded

M/R’ Party Electionsz NOS3 CMP4first-last

45 Federazione defle Liste Verdi 1987 1(Greens)

32110

32 PdUP-Marrifesto/Partito 1983 1di Unidt Proletana

32210

?roletarlan Umty for Cornrnrmmn~er d Comunisrno (Mrmifesto~art of

37 DP-Democrazia Proletarian 1979+1983 2(Proletarian Democracy)

32211

11 PC1-Partitp Comunista Italiano(Commumst Part )

1946-1987 11 32220

renamed: PDS-&~itoDemocratic dl Smmtra

in 1990

(Democratic Party of the Uft)

34 PR-Partito Radicale (Radical Party) 1976 1 32310

3 PSI-Papito Sociafista Italiano(Soclahst Party)

1948-1987 11 32320since 1972

23 PSLI-Partito Socialist dei Lavoratori 1948-1987 9 32330Itata:#$ci~Partyof

renamed. PSD -Partito SocialistDemocratlco Italiano (Social Democrats)

in 1972

4 PRI-Pariito Repubblicano Italiano 1946-1987 10 32410(Repubhcan Party)

19 PLI-Partito Ll%erale Italiano 1946-1987 11 32420(Liberal Party)

17 DC-De,mocrazia Cristiana(Christian Democrats)

1946-1987 11 32520

24 Moyimento.Sociale Itrdirmo 1948-1987 10 32710(Itahan SocMI Movement)renamed: MSI-DN-MovlmentoSoclale Italiano-Destra Nazionale

in 1972

(Itaharr Social Movement-Right National)


1 codas as given in Thomas Mackie/RichardRose, The tnter!mfion.1 Afnwmac of E[ecrond Histay, HoundtniUs,Basingstokc, Hampshire, Lnndon 1991.

2 Election for which documents are coded.3 Number of coded documents.4 comparative Manifesto Project code for pwties.

59

2.9.b Italian Documents Covered

IlTA Gra lTA PDU lTA DP lTA PC1 lTA PR 1’rA PSI ITA PSD

I● nS P Pr.aletProletar C.mmnuniRadical Sociali 1 social Row

I3211O OOI3121O 00[32211 00!32220 OOI3231O 00132320 00132330 001 Total

DATE -------- i--------i -------- i-------- i-------- i-------- i--------i --------i194606 00 I 11 11

l--------~ -------- ~-------- l-----; --j -------- 1-------- 1--------1194004 00 I

1--------1--------1--------l-----;-- ~-------- 1-----:--1-----:-- !195306 00 1111

1-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1--------1 --------1195805 00 11

l--------i--------i-------- i--------l -------- !-----:-- !-----:--i196304 00 II 11

1-------- 1-------- I-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-------- l-----:-- I196805 00

I-------- l--------! -------- !-----: --! -------- 1-----:-- 1--------1197205 00

[--------i--------i--------l-----;--:--------i-----:--:-----:--i197606 00 I

1-------- !-------- !-----: -- i-------- l-----: --! -----: --! -----: --i197906 00 11

l-------- ~-----i-- ~-----;-- ~-----; -- ~-------- l-----: --!-----: --l198306 00 I

1--------1--------1--------1--------1--------1-----:--i-----:--l198706 00

1-----: --1-------- 1-------- 1-----:--! --------1 -----: --l-----: --icolumn 2 1 2 12 1 12 10

5

7

6

7

7

6

7

9

7

9

0

7.9

60

2.9.b Italian Documents Covered (continued)

I8TA: PR8 ITA: eLI zTA: vc lTA: 14SI

[ Republi Liberal Christia -DN Sc.ci ROW

132410.00132420.00132520.00132710.00[ Total

DATE -------- I-------- I-------- I-------- I-------- I194606.00 11

I -----: -- !-----:--! -------- l-------- I

19480.4.00 111111

1-------- 1-------- I-------- l-----: --!195306.00

1--------!-----:--1-----:--!-----:--1195805.00 I

1-----:--1-----:--1-----:-- i-----:-- i196304.00

I-----:--1----:-- i-----:-- 1-----:--i196805.00 1111 1. ( 11

I-------- l--------I-------- I--------I197205.00

1-----:-- i-----:--l-----:--l-----:--i197606.00

1-----:--1-----:--!-----:--1-----:--1197906.00

I-----:--1-----:--l-----:--i-----:--l198306.00 1111

1-----: --1-----:-- i-------- l--------l198706.00 11 It

1-------- 1-----:-- i-------- I-----:--icolumn 11 12 12 11

5

7

6

7

7

6

7

9

7

9

8

78

61

32110 Federazione delle Llste Verdi (Greens~

1987 ‘Pcrchc una LMtaVerde Nszlonalc’ Ongmal

32210 PdUP Manifesto/Partito di Unitd Proletarian per il CommunismManifesto/Party of Pr oletarian Unity for Communism]

1983 Information mmng

32211 DP Democrazia Proletarian (Proletarian Democracy)

1976 Dcmocrazra Proletana

1983 ’11quadro del probleml del paesc’

32220 PCI Partito Communists Italiano (Communist Part~Fartito Communists Italiano

1946

19481953

1958

‘ 1963

1968

1972

1976

1979

1983

1987

’11Programma dcl PCI’

’11programma dcl Frontc Dcmocratlco Popolue’(wth PSI)‘Per la pace, la hbcrti, d lavoro, la concordla socmle

)d Progmmma dci Comurustl’. ‘’11progrsmma elcttoralc dcl comurdstt contro rl totahtarismoclencale e la rmnaccla dl una grierra atomlca pcr una altcmativadcmocrahca dl pace, dl lavom, di progrcsso’. ~‘Battcrre la DC Raffomrc d PCI. 11Programma clcttorafedcl PCI’.‘Eora di camblarc, si pub csmbi,yc appcllo programma ‘dcl PCP’11programma dcl comurnstl. per un govcmo dl svoltadcrnocrattca’PCI

‘ffprogramma del comunish per 1’VIIIleglslatura’

‘b proposta altematwa per # Cambcmento’.

’11PCI per la declma legrslatura Gl}lmpegmprogrammatic fondamcntah’.

P Sep 1976,61/62, Pp 129-149Ongml

U 8 May 1946,plU 20 Feb 1948U 7 June 1953,p8

u

U 3 March 1973,pp. 7-1o;P79~~# 1968,

U special Issue,20 March 1972P Sep 1976,61/62, pp 161-196Uss 8 May 1979,pp 16Uss NOV 1982,rm 16

62

32310 PR Partito Radicale (Radical Party)

1976 PR

32320 PSI Partito Socialist Italiano (Socialist Party)

1946

1948195319581963

196819721976

19791983

1987

’11Programrna del Partito Socialist per l’operariformatrice dells Costituente’No independent manifesto, see PCI manifesto for that year’11PSI agli eletton’.‘Per una politics di alternative democratic’, Rome 1958’11programma del PSI’.Or PSI, Elezioni politiche 28 aprile 1963, Uprogrammade PSI, Rome, 1963, (document missing)’11Programma Socialist’11programma del PSIPSI

’11programma del PSI per Ie elezioni’, (document missing)‘Rinnovare l’Italia, govemare dawero, 11Programma socialistper la nona legislature’, Rome, pp.78Programma socialist per la decima legislature.

32330 PSDI Partito Socialist Democratic Italiano (Social Democrats

P Sep. 1976,61[62, pp. 227-247

1948

19531958

1963

19681972

1976

1979

1983

1987

’11Nostro Programma d’Azione Critics Sociale’.16 February 1948, pp.83-86‘Programma Politico del PSDI~,‘Programma del Partito Sociahsta Democratic Itafiarroper le elezioni politiche del 1958 e la prossima Iegislatura’,‘L’azione dei socialist democratic peril progresso genemledel paese’see document of PSI (parties unified)’11nostro programma peril rafforzamento delleistituzioni democratiche, la crescita dells societ?acivile e l’equilibrate sviluppo dell’economia nazionale’PSDI

‘Programma del Partito Socialist Democratic Italiano’,

’11PSDI agli elettori: indicazioni per un prograrnma di governo

‘Un’altemativa riformista per governare il cambiamento.

SA Ju1y 1946, p. 1.

A 26.4.1953, P.1

A 23 March 1963,suppl. betweenpp. 12-13.A 28.4.-18.5.1968A Spring 1972P Sep. 1976,61/62, pp. 299-314A Spring 1979

Original

GiGi No. 75, Ano 73Suppl., pp. 15Gi 12 Feb. 1963,p. 1

Urn 17-18 March1972, pp. 5-11

P September 1976,61/62, pp. 267-98Urn 4 May 1979,pp. 3-5Urn supplement26-27 June 1983,R marzo 1987pp. 156-157

63

32410 PRI Partito Repubblicano Italiano (Republican Party)

19461948

19531958

1963

1968

1972

1976

1979

1983

1987

’11dlscorso del~onorevole Glovanru Conh’,’11Programrna del partlto repubbhcano Per le elezlorudel 18 aprde 1946’mformahon mlssrrtg‘Per uno stato modemo e democratlco, una pohtscaper la terza leglslatura’‘Programma elettorale del PRP,

‘b conferenza starnpa dl La Malfa a Trlbuna Elettorale’,

’11documento programmatlco approvato dal Conslgho Namonslerepubbhcano’PRI

‘I repubbhcam verso gh anm ottanta’

‘Trenta puntlper unaleglslatura II Programma repubbhcano’Roma, 1983,95 pages‘Lagaranna del PRIperl’Italla dlDomanl I documentidellavoce perlacampagna elettorale Magglo-gnsgno 1987’

VR75 1946, p 1VR March 1946

VR 9 May 1958,p3VRSS 1031963,pp 16VR 9 May 1968,pp 1-2VR 6 Aprd 1972pp 1-3P Sep 1976, 61/62,pp 249-65VR 20 Mav 1979.pp 1-2 ‘Ongmal

32420 PLI Partito Liberale Italiano (Liberal PartQ

1946

19481953

1958

19631968

19721976

197919831987

‘la ncostruzlone dello Stato nel Prograrnma delf’Unlone Op llAprd 1946Democrahca’, (document mrssurg) p. 1‘Vota Blocco nazlonale I programml concretf ~ Ma%1:48‘Vdlabruna apre a Tonno la campagna elettorale’,

5,1943 ‘’11Partito hberale dl fronte aglt eletton Lmeansentr dl RL h510 XI, 7,un prograntma’, 1541958, pp. 1-3‘Democrazra Industnale’ dl Valeno Zanone RL Sprurg 1963‘Amone e Programma Llberale’. Op Spmg 1968,

DD. 4-6’11PLI agh eletton’ opp4PLI P anno XIII,

Sep 1976, 61/62,pp. 197-226

‘Partdo Llberale Italiano Appello Poiltlco e programma elettorale’ Ongmal‘Msmfesto e Programma Elettorale del PLI’ 26 June 1983 Origrnal’11mamfesto 1987 Op Anno XI, 20

27 May 1987

64

32520 DC Democrazia Cristiana (Christian Democrats~

1946

19481953

1958

1963

1968

1972

1976

1979

19831987

‘Manifesto dells Democrazia Cristiana: per il referendumistituzionale e per l’assemblea costituente’‘Appello dells Democracia Cristiana al Paese, 4 March 1948‘appello dells direzione DC al paese per le elezioni politiche’,1 may 1953‘Programma dells democrazia cristiana per ilnuinauenni 1958-1963‘~rog~amma elettorale dells D C per la IV Legislature’,28 March 1963’11programma dells DC al servizio del Paese’,

‘Gli impegni programmatic dells Democrazia Cristiana’,

DC

‘L’appello all’elettorato: la DC chiede maggiori consensiper una Italia libera e stabil’‘Un programma per garantire 10sviluppo’‘Libertas. un mozramma rrer l’Italia. elezioni uolitiche

AD pp. 259-60

AD pp. 377-8AD p. 603

AD pp. 928-937

AD pp. 1473-1519

Pop 7 May 1969,D. 4pop 1 Aprile 1972,pp. 2-3P Sep 1976,61/62, pp. 85-127Pop 12 May 1979

Pop 5-6 June 1983Original

14-15 giugn~ 19%7’ ‘.

32710 MSI-DN Movimento Sociale Italiano- Destra Nazionale (Italian Social Movement-Right National~

1948

1953

1958

1963

1968

19721976

1979

1983

1987

‘Noi e gli Ahri’,

Movimento Sociale Italiano, Programma per le ElezioniPolitiche 1953, Rome, p. 20Movimento Sociale Italiano, Lineamenti del Programmaelettorale del MSI, Rome, 1958, p. 23‘La Battaglia nazionale contro il centro-sinistra illustrateda Michelini alla Tribuna elettorale’‘Manifesto del Movimento Sociale’,

‘i programmi dells destra nazionale’.MSI-DN

‘Elezioni 1979: il Programma del MSI-DN’

Movimento Sociale Itrdiano - Destra Nazionale, [1Messagiodegli anni ’80, May, Rome, p. 45‘State, Nazione, Lavore, liberta per la nuova repubblicadegli italiani’.

RI 29 NOV. 1948,p. 3

S1,26 Feb. 1963pp. 1-8S17 May 1968,p.3S17 May 1972, p.1P Sep. 1976,61/62, pp. 149-59S110 May 1979,pp. 5-7

S18 May 1987

65

KEY:ruUssPSAGIUmRVRVRaaOpRLADPopRISI

= Llberazrone= L’Umth= L’Umth spccml supplement= Le promesse del partitl, Blbhoteca dells hbert?i, anno XIII= Sempre Avanhl,= La Gmstlzra= L’Umanlt~= Ragronanrentl. La Vote Repubbhcana= La Vote Repubbhcana, specml supplement= L’Opmlone= Rlmovamento Llberale= Attr e Documentl dells D C 1943-1967 Cmque Lune, Rome, 1968=11 Popolo= La Rwolta Ideale=11 Secolo d’Itaha

66

2.10.a Japanese Parties Coded

M/RI Party Elections2 NOS3 CMP4first-last

31 JCP-Nihon Kyoqanto 1960-1980 8(Japan Commumst Party)

71220

35 JSP-Nihon.Shakaito 1960-1980 8 71320(Japan Soclahst Party)

45 CGP-Komeito 1967-1980 6(Clean Government Party)

71530

43 LDP-Ji u Minshuto1

1960-1980 8 71620(Llbera Democratic Party)


1 Codes as given in ‘lhomas Mackie/Richard Rose, The International Atmanac of Electoral HislorK Houodmills,Basingstoke, Hampshire, Londow 1991

2 Elections for which docwnems are coded3 Number of coded documcnls4 Comparative Manifesto Project code for parties

67

2.10.b Japanese Documents Covered

I

I

I/

!

DATE --------6011.00

6311.00

6701.00

6912.00

7212.00

7612.00

7910.00

8006.00

Column

JAP : JCP JAP : JSP JAP : CGP JAP : LDPKyesant Shakait Komeito

71220.00 71320.00 71530.00.------- -------- --------

1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1-----i--, -----i--, -------

1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

8 8 6

Jiwnun71620.00--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

8

ROWTotal

3

3

4

4

4

4

4

4

30

llre source m every case M the Asalu Shlmbun’s summary tables on each party’s electoralpledges, which Mnormally published two weeks before electlon day

‘Psrtles pledge’, Asahr Shrmbun, 25101960‘Parties demand’, Ibid, 24101963‘Fwe parties pledge’, Ibid, 2812.1967‘Fwe partms pledge’, Ib]d, 7121969‘Our parties’ pledge’, fbld,1911 1972‘Our part].%’pledge’, Ihd,1511 1976‘Our parhcs’ pledge’, Itnd, 1881979‘Our pames’ pledge’,flmd.,36 1980

\

68

2.11.a Luxembourgian Parties Coded

M/R1 Party Elections2 NOS3 CMP4first-last

23 GAP-Di Greng @ternativ 1984 1 23112(Green Alternative)

7 PCL/KPL-Parti communist luxembourgeois/ 1948-1984 9Kommuni:tesch Partei vu Utzebuerg

23220

(Commumst Party)

2 POSL/LSAP-Parti ouvner socialistluxembourgeois/ Letzebur er Sozialistisch

1945-1984 10 23320

.%bechterpwtei (Sociafist %orkers’ Party)

16 Groupernent atriotique et d6mocratique8

1951-1984 8 23420(Patnotlc an Democratic Group

)renamed: .Groupement d6mocra lque

‘DemOcrat’’GrOu~ ~ ,$

in 1954

renamed. PD/DP- ~h dkmocrati ue/Demokratesch Partel (Democratic arty)

in 1959

1 PCS/CSV-Parti chr6tien sociaf/ChrestlechSozial Vollekspartei

1945-1984 10 23520

(Christsan Socmf Party)


1 Codes as given, in Thomas Md@Ricbard Rose, ‘fhe International Almanac of Electoral History; Houndmilts,Basingstoke, Hwqmbire, London 1991

2 ElectioIMfor wiich documems are coded3 Number of coded documctm4 Comparative Mmifestos Project cede for ptirties

69

\

I1

I

2.11.b Luxembourgian Documents Covered

LUX, GA LUXX PCL LUX: PoS LUX: PD/ LUXI PCScram Al /SYL Corn L/LSAP S DP Dmmoc /CSV Chr Row23112 .00123220.00123320.00123420.00123520 001 Total

DATE -------- I--------1 -------- I-------- I-------- I--------14510 00

4806.00

5106 00

5405 00

5902.00

6406 00

6S12 00

7405 00

7906 00

S406.00

1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------,-

1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

2

3

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

5

column ‘ 2’ 10’ 11 ‘ 9’ 11 ‘ 38

1’

I

I

.1.,

70

23112 GAP Di Greng Alternative (Green Alternative~

1984 Wahlprogramm ’84 Original

23220 PCIJKPL Parti communist hrxembourpeois/ Kommunistesch Partei vuLetzeburg (Communist Party~

1945 document missing1948 ‘Das Programm des schaffenden Luxemburgs’ Z 4.6.19481951 ‘Fir e freit a g16cklecht Letzeburg’! (Radio speech by Urbany) Z 2.6.19511954 Wahlnummer Z 6.5.19541959 Wahhrummer Z no date1964 ‘Richteg lenks stommen’! (Radio speech by Urbany) Z. 6.6.19641968 Sondernummer Z no date1974 Grundsatzprogramm, 1973 Original1979 ‘Sechs Fragen zur Wirtschaftsknse’ Z2.6.19791984 Virschb$i fir letzebuerg. KPL. “Datt ar Stemm zu Wtiert kennt.

M6i Kommunisten an d’Ch$imber Original

23320 POSLJLSAP Parti ouvrier socialist luxembourgeois/ L4tzeburger SozialistechArbechter Partei (Socialist Workers’ Party)

1945194819511954195919641968197419791984

Das Programm der Arbeiterpartei TB 18.10.1945Various articles TB 2.-5.2.1948Wahlnummer TB 30.5.1951‘Fiirdie Sozialistische Sicherheit!’ TB 18.5.1954Wahlprogramm der Sozialistischen Arbeiterpartei TB‘Geh mit der Zeit, geh mit den Sozialisten’ TB‘Fur eirr modernes Luxembourg’ TB‘Fortschritt und Verantwortung’ OriginafLSAP 1979 Programm Original‘Bessere Zeiten fiir Luxemburg. 111 Vorschlage der L&Wfiir ein besseres Leben, Wohnen und Arbeiten in Luxemburg’ Original

71

23420 PD/DP Parti d6mocratlque/ Demokratesch Partei (Democratic Partyl

1945“ 1954

1951

1954195919641968197419791984

document missingdocument mlssmg‘Mtrvum Groupement warden mat ro’heger Zo’verslchtden Entsched vun de W161erof!’ (Speech by L Dury onRadio Luxembourg)‘Em Ietztes, ernstes Wort’, (edltorlal)WaMnummerWablprogramm der Demokratlachen Partel‘Ethu_et&gelaut’1DP Progrsmmpunkte und OphonenDP Wahlprograrrtm 79Grundsatze und Onentlerungen 1984‘Verstoen mat der Zalt ze goen’

LJ2651LJ29554~21159LJ 21-27564OngmalOnguralOriginal

Ongtnal

23520 PCS/CSV Parti chr6tian social/ Chrestlech Sozial Vollekspartei (Christian Social~

1945

194819511954195919641968197419791984

Das Programm der Chrratllch-Sozralen Volkspartel(Rechtspsrtei) LW1310 1945Wablprogramm der Chnsthch-Sozmlen Volkspartel LW36 1948Wablmamfest der Chrrsthch-Sozmlen Volkspartel LW265 1951Intermew mlt Staatsmlruster Beth and certain other art!cles LW 7.-2951954Wahlrnamfest der ChrAlch-Sozlalen Volkspartel (CSV) LW 22.11959Aktronsprogrsmm der ChrMhch-Soztalen Volkspartel LW26 1964Aus dem CSV-WaMprogramm (extracts) LW 3-6121968Wahlmsmfest der Chrw.thch-Sozlalen Volkspartel 1974-1979 Orlgmal‘Mat der CSV an d’80er Joren’ Ongmal‘E Progrsmm flr I..zch’ Or@nal

LW = Luxemburger WortTB= TageblattLJ= LEtzcburger Journal

72

2.12.a Dutch Partks Coded

M/R1Party Elections2 NOS3first-last

CM@

32 PPR-Pcditieke.Partij Radicalen 1971-1986 4(Radical Poht,cal Party)

22310

23 PvdA-Partij van der Arbeid(Labour Party)

1946-1986 12 22320

29 D’66-Democraten ’66 1967-1986 6(Democrats ’66)

22330

24 VVD-Volks artij voor Vri”heid enDemocratie?Liber~ party\

1946-1986 13 22420

34 CDA-Christen Dem?cratisch Appel 1977-1986 4(Chnstlan Democratic Appeal)

22521

2 KVP-Katholieke Vofkspartij 1946-1971 8(Cathohc People’s Party)

22522

1 ARPTAnti-Revolutionaire Partij 1946-1971 8(Anti-Revolutionary Party)

22523

30 DS’70-Democratische Socialisten ’70 1971-1977 3(Democratic Socialists ’70)

22524

6 CHU-Christqlijk:Histori;che Unie 1946-1971 7(Christian Hlstoncal Umon)

22525

Joint Programmed:

The Progressive Three (PvdA/D’66/PPR) 1971+1972 2 22991

ARP/CHUfKVP 1971+1972 2 22992


1 Codes as given in ‘flwmas Mackic/Richard Rose, ‘fhc Iaternatimml Afmanac of Electoral History; Houndmitls,Basir@okr., Hampshire, London 1991

2 Elections for which documents arc coded3 Number of coded documents4 Comparative Mmifesbm Project code for parties

2.12.b Dutch Documents Covered,’

DATE --------4605 00

4007 00

5106 00

5606 00

5903 00

6305 00

6702 00

7103 00

7211 00

7705 00

6105 00

8209 00

8605.00

column

DATE --------4605.00

4807.00

5206.00

5606 00

5903.00

63D5 00

6702 00

7103 00

7211 00

770s 00

elo5 00

82D9 DO

E605. OD

column

WET PPR NET Pti NET D 6 NET W MST: CDANET KWRadic.1 A Lakaur 6 D.uacr Libaral Chrisei Catholi RW

22310 00122320 00122330 00122420 00122S21 00122522 001 Total.------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- _------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -_------ -------- --------

1 1 1.------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1.------- -_------ -------- -------- ---.---- --------

1 1 1.------- -------- -------- -------- _------- --------

1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -_------ -------- --------

1 1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------

4 13 7 14 5 6

NET NW 31ZT, DS NETt CMUNET Pvd NET: AMAnti-n. 70 Dam. Chrimti A/D66/PF /C12U/KV9

12523 DO 12524 OD 22525 OD 22991 00 22992 00-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1.-__---- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1.------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1.--__--- -------- -------- _------- --------

1 1.------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1.------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1.-----_- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1--_----- -------- ---J---- -------- --- L----

1 1 1 1 1--_----- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1.------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1-------- -------- -------- _------- --------

-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

-------- -------- -------- -------- --------8 3 7 2 1

RowTotal

5

s’

4

5

5

s

6

10

4

6

4

5

5

69

s

s

4

5

5

5

6

10

4

6

4

5

5’

69

74

22310 PPR Politieke Partii Radicalen (Radical Political Party)

1971 Verkiezingsprogramma 19711972 see 229911977 Verkiezingsprogramma 1977-19811981 document missing1982 Manifest ’82. Original1986 Programma 1986-1990 ‘Verzet en Vernieuwing. Original

I22320 PvdA Partij van der Arbeid (Labour Party)

1946 Urgentieprogram; Beknopt program1948 Urgentieprogram; Verkieziogsprogramma 19481952 Verkiezingsprogramma 19521956 Verkiezingsprogramma 19561959 Verkiezingsprogramma 19591963 Verkiezingsmanifest 19631967 Verkiezingsprogram 19671971 Verkiezingsprogramma 1971-19751972 see 229911977 Verkiezingsprogramma 19771981 Verkiezingsprogramma 19811982 Verkiezingsprogramma 1982. Original1986 Verkiezingsprogramma ‘86-’90‘De toekomst is van iedereen.

Voor werk en eerlijk delen’. Original

22330 D’66 Democraten ’66 (Democrats ’66/

1967 Verkiezingsprogramma Democraten ’661971 Program1972 see 229911977 Verkiezingsprogramma 1977-19811981 Verkiezingsprogramma Democraten ’661981-19851982 Verkiezingsprogramma Democraten ’661982-1986. Original1986 Verkiezingsprogramma Democraten ’661986-1990. Originaf

22420 VVD Volkspartti voor Vriiheid en Democratic (Liberal Party) r

1946 rnformatlon mlssmg1948 Urgentleprogramma1952 Verklezmgsprogram 19521956 Verkiezrngsmamfest 1956, Urgentleprogram1959 rnformatlon mlssmg1963 Verluezrngsmanrfest 1963, Urgentleprogram1967 rnforrnation mlssmg1971 Verk]ezrngsprogramma 1971-19751972 Urgentleprogramma1977 Verklezmgsprogramma 19771981 Verklezrngsprogramma 19811982 Urgentle programma 1982 Ongmal1986 ‘Afsde toekomst Je hef rs ‘ Verklezrngsprograrnma 1986-1990. Cmgrnd

22521 CDA Christen Democratisch Appel (Christian Democratic Appeal]

1977 Verklezrngsprogramma 1977-19811981 Verklezmgsprogramma 1981-19851982 Verklezmgsprogramma 6m een zmvol bestaan’ Ongmal1986 Verkiezingsprogramma Ongmal

22522 KVP Katholiike Volkspart[i (Catholic People’s Part~

1946 Urgentleprogranr1948 Verkleahgsmanrfest 1948

Y1952 Werkprograrn erklezmgsprogramma 1952)1956 Werkprograrn Verkezmgsprograrnma 1956)1959 Verkiezingsmamfest 19591963 Verkiezmgsmamfest 19631967 Werkprogram 1967-19711971 Kemprogramma1972 see 22992

22523 ARP Anti-revolutionaire Partii (Anti-RevoIutionary Party)

1946 Program van actie voor de verlriezingen van 19461948 Program van actie voor de verkiezingen van 19481952 Program van actie voor de verkiezingen van 19521956 Program van actie 19561959 Program van actie 19591963 Program van actie 19631967 Program van actie 1967-19711971 Program van actie 1971-19751972 see 22992

22524 DS’70 Democratische Socialisten ’70 (Democratic Socialist ’70)

1971 Verkiezingsprogram 19711972 Verkiezirrgsprogram 19721977 Verkiezingsprogram 1977

22525 CHU Christeli.jk- Hktorische Unie (Christian Historical Union)

1946 Urgentieprogramma 19451948 Urgentieprogramma 19461952 No document found1956 Verkiezingsmanifest 19561959 Verkiezingsmanifest 19591963 Verkiezingsmanifest 19631967 Verkiezingsmanifest 19671971 Politick werkprogram1972 see 22992

Joint Programmed:

22991 PvdAID’66/PPR

1971 Hofdlijnen van een regeringsprogram 1971-19751972 Regeerakkoord van de progressive dne

22992 ARP/CHU/KVP

1971 Gemeenschappelijk urgentieprogram 1971-19751972 Gemeenschappelijk manifest

77

2.13.a New Zealand Parties Coded

M/RI Party Electlons2 NOS3 CM#first-lrst

3 Labour Party 1946-1987 15 64320

9 National Party 1946-1987 15 64620

11 Social CredWllemocratlc Party 1954-1987 11 64951


1 Cdcs as gwen u Tlom_ MachelR1chad Rose, lb Inlernatmml Almanac of Etectml Hutory, HoundmLIIY,Ba.su@oke, Ham shue,London 1991

E2 EJeclmm for whlc documenti a coded3 Number of co&d documents4 Campuau.m Mamfestm Prqect code br parties

78

II

2.13.b New Zealand Documents Covered

DATE --------4611.00

4911.00

5111.00

5411.00

5711.00

6011.00

6311.00

6611.00

6911.00

7211.00

7511.00

7811.00

8111.00

8407.00

8708.00

column

NSW: Lab NEW: Nat NEW: Socour Part ional Pa ial Cred64320.00 64620.00 64951.00-------- -------- --------

1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1-------- -------- --------

1 1 1-------- -------- --------

15 15 11

RowTotal

2

2

2

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

2

3

41

79

64320 Labour Party

1946 ‘Labour Party Pohcy’1949 ‘Labour Party’s Electlon Mamfesto’1951 ‘labour Party Makes Promises’1954 ‘Pollcy of the Labour Party’1957 N Z LabOur Party Mamfesto 19571960 ‘Labour Party Stakes Its Chum’1963 N Z Labour Party 1963 General ElectIon Marufesto19661966 ElectIon Msmfesto1969 Labour’s Elcctlon Pohcy 19691972 Labour Party Mamfesto 19721975 The Labour Party Mamfesto 19751978 To Rebtuld the NatIon1981 ‘Gettrng New Zealand Working Again.’19841984 Pohcy Document1987 The Next Three Years Labour’s Plan for the Future

Be there with Labour

64620 National Party

1946 Policy General ElectIon 19461949 Pohcy General ElectIon 19491951 ‘Capacity House Cheers Prime Mrnister’1954 A Record of Progress, Gcneraf Electron Polrcy19571957 General Electlon Policy19601960 Genersd Electlon Pohcy1963 1963 General ElectIon POIICY19661966 General Elcctlon Pohcy19691969 Genersf ElectIon Policy19721972 General ElectIon Pohcy1975 Nahorsal Party Mamfesto19781978 General ElectIon Pohcy ‘We’reKeeping Our Word’1981 ‘Tim MYour Future Pohtlcs for the Decade of the 80s’1984 ‘Nat]onal’s84 ElectIon Polrcy New Zealand, you’re.wmmg’1987 ‘let’s get New Zealand Right Mamfesto ’87’

NZH30 101946NZH211 1949NZH188 1951PRESS 201254Onginaf.NZH 11160OrrgrnslOngmalOngmafOriginalOngmsfOngurafOngmafOngmal

Ongmal

OngrnsfOngmalNZH 1481951OngrnalOngrnafOnguralOngmalOngmalOriginalOr@mlOngmalOngmalOnguralOngmalOngmal

64951 Social Credit/Democratic Party

1954 ‘Social Credit’s Four Policy Planks’1957 ‘Social Credk ‘Keeping Out of Bidding Contest”1960 ‘Tax Cuts, Help in Housing is Aim of Social Credit’1963 ‘Social Credit Manifesto’1966 ‘NoTaxes on First S520’1969 ‘Social Credit offers Private School Aid’1972 Generaf Policy1975 ‘The New Dimension’1978 ‘Bold New Policies’1981 ‘Social Credit Manifesto 1981’1984 document missing1987 ‘N.Z. Democratic Party Manifesto. Democrats.

Opportunity with Just;ce.’

NZH 28.12.1954NZH 8.11.1957NZH 3.11.1960NZH 7.11.1963NZH 3.11.1966NZH 6.11.1969OriginafOriginalOriairtalOri~inaf

Original

NZH = New Zealand Herald, AucklandPRESS = The Press. Christchurch

81

2.14.a Norwegian Patties Coded

M/RI Party Electlons2 NOS3 CM#first-last

9 NKP-Norgcs Kommumstlske Psrtl 1945-1957 4 12220(Commumst Party)

14 Sosmhstlsk Folkepartl 1961-1985 7(Somahst People’s Part

P

12221

rena,med: Somahstmk enstrepartl m 1975(Soclahst Left Party)

4 DNA-Det Norske Arbeldcrp~tl 1945-1985 11 12320(Labor Party)

16 F::E:;$%%;L1973 1 12410

renamed: DLF-Det lberale Folkcpartl(Llbcral People’s Party)

m 1980

1 Ve.nstre (Llbcrals) 1945-1985 11 12420

1945-1985 11 12520

2 H$yrc (Conservatwcs) 1945-1985 11 12620

7 Bondcparhct (Farmers’ Partyk

1945-1985 11 12810renamed SP-Senterpartlet ( entre Party) m 1959

15 Anders Langes, Partl 1973-1985 4 12951

&{~ri~i%%i4ttspsrt~et m 1977


1 CodU u gwen m Thomas MackwRxhard Rose, ‘Em Intermuond AJmmmc of EJecrord Hmory, Houndnuh,Ba.wngamke,H~m b, London 1991

c!?2 EJCCIIOCUfor whI documents me coded3 Number of coded d.xumenh4 Camp~alwe Marmfestm Prqeu code for pales

82

2.14.b

DATE

Norwegian Documents Covered

INOR: NKP NOR: SLP NOR: DNA NOR: DLF

I Conununi Sociali LabOur Liberal ROW

[12220.00122221.00112320.00112410.00/ Total

-------- I-------- I-------- I-------- l-------- I4510.00

4910.00

5310.00

5710.00

6109.00

6509.00

6909.00

7309.00

7709.00

0109.00

8509.00

Colunu

/ -----: -- !--------:-----:--I--------/[-----:--i--------i-----:--;--------iI-----:-- i-------- l-----:--l--------iI-----: -- i-------- i-----: -- i--------i

11I-------- !-----:--i--------I--------iI--------i -----:-- i-----: -- i--------i

I-------- 1-----:--[-----:--i--------1I--------1-----:--l-----u-----:--lI-------- i-----: -- i-----: --i --------i

1-------- !-----:-- 1-----:-- ;--------1

1-------- i-----: -- i-----: -- !--------iI

4 8 12 1

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

8

7

7

1

71

The Norwegian documents are stnred in the Norwegian Social Science Data Services, Bergen

Norwegian Documents Covered (Continued)

DATE ------.4510 00

4910 00

5310 00

5710 00

6109 00

6509 00

6909 00

7309 00

7709 00

8109 00

8509.00

Colum

#on, V.n NOR, K: NOR HOY NOR-.LID*raL Cnrlstla r. cons. C.ncr. P k’mg..m.12420 00 12520 00 12620 00 12810 00 129S1 00..----.- -------- -------- -------- -------.

1 1 1 1.--__--- -------- -------- -------- -------.

1 1 1 1.------- -------- -------- -------- -------.

1 1 1 1.------- -------- -------- -------- -------.

1 1 1 1.------- -------- -------- -------- -------.

1 1 1 1.------- -------- -------- -------- -------.

1 1 1 1.------- -------- -------- -------- -------.

1 1 1 1---_---- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1 1.------- -------- -------- -_------ --------

1 1 1 1 1-------- ________ -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1 1-------- -------- -------- -------- --------

1 1 1 1 1.-_-_--- -------- -------- -------- --------

12 12 12 12 5

6

6

6

6

6“

6

6

0

7

7

1

71

The Norwegmn documents are stored m the Norw’egm Social Science Dala Semces, Bergen

2.15.a Swedish Parties Coded

M/R’ Party Electionsz NOS3 CMP4first-last

23 Miljopartiiet de Grona 1988(Ecology Party The Greens

1 11110

10 Sveriges Kommunistiska Parti(Commumst Party of Sweden ~

k

1948-1988 14 11220

renamed: VK-,Vansterpartiet ommunisterna(Left Commyusts Party);

in 1967

renamed Vansterpartlet (Left Party) in 1990

5 SSA-Sveriges Soc~aldemokratistiska 1948-1988 14 11320Arbetareparti (Socml Democrats)

18 FP-Folk artiet (People’s Part );i r

1948-1988 14 11420rename : Folkpamet L~beraerna(People’s Party of the Liberals)

in 1990

6renamed: lvl~-~oderateiamlingspartietHogerpartiet RI ht Party . 1948-1988 14 11620

in 1969(Moderate Unity Party)

7 Bondeforbundet (Agrarian Party); 1948-1988 14 11810renamed CP-Centerpartlet (Centre Party) in 1957


1 Codes as given in ‘flmma.s Mackie/Ki~hard Rose, The fntermtiomd Almanac of Electoral Hktow, HmmdmiU$,Basiogstokc, Hampshire, Loodon 1991.

2 Elections for which documents are coded.3 Number of cod..documents.4 C!ompuativeMaoifcstosProjectcwk forparties.

2.15.b Swedish Documents Covered

IS91E Ec. SW)3 VU S6ilJSSA WE FP SUE KDS WE: MS SW)! CP

Ilogy Par cou.muni. social Q.oP1o9 F30dorataCantr. P ROW

I1111O 00]11220 00111320 00111420 00111620 OOI11E1O 001 Total

DATE -------- i--------i -------- I--------1 --------i -------- i-------- I194809 00 11111111

1-------- i--------l -----; --p----i-- p------- 1-----:-- i195209 00

I-------- i-----u------- 1-------- 1-----: --1 -----:--i195609 00

I--------!-----;--:-----:--!-----:--;-----;--:-----:--;195806 00 I

l--------i -------- l-----:--i -----: --1-------- I-----2196009 00 1111111111

I-------- l-----j-- ~-----;-- ~-----; --p------- 1--------1196409 00 I

I-------- i--------l-----j--~-----;--~-----:-- i-----u196809 00 11 1111

1--------i--------l-------- l-------- l-----;-- ~--------l197009 00 11 11 11

I-------- 1-----:-- i--------l -------- I-------- 1--------1197309 00 11111111

I-------- i-----: --i--------l -------- 1-------- 1--------1

197609.00 I - 11 Ill Illl------i-----:--! -------- 1-------- 1-------- I---J----I

197909 00 1111111111I--------~ -----; --~-----; --~ -----;--~ -----;--~ -------- I

198209.00 11

I-------- I-------- I-----; --] -----; --\ -----;--\ -------- I198509 00 I

I--------i-----:--i-----;-- ~-----;--~-----;--\-----:--i198809 00 1 ,1

I-----: --! -----l------ I -------- I-------- l------,-- Icolumn 2 16 16 16 16 16

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

s

5

5

is,

6

71

86

11110 Mil.jopartiet de Grona (Ecology Party The Greens~

1988 Valmanifest.

11220 Vansterpartiet (Left Party)

1948 Valmanifest, published in the1952 Valmanifest, published in the1956 Valmanifest, ‘Fram for arbetarseger i valet’, published in1958 Leaflet, ‘Vad galler nyvalet’1960 Valmanifest, published in the1964 Article by the party leader on polling day, ‘Socialistisk fornyelse’1968 Valmanifest ‘For vansterseger 1968:, published in1970 Valmanifest and statement on salarles, prices and taxation1973 Valmanifest, ‘MealVpk for vansterseger’1976 Valmanifest, ‘4rbetarpolitik och socialism for en battre framtid’,1979 Valmatrifest, ‘Radikal arbetarpolitik. vagen till socialism’.1982 Valmanifest, ‘Fred, arbete, social rattvisa’,1985 ‘Politik for socialism P5 svenska’.1988 Valmanifest 1988.

CDNCDNCDN

CDN

CDN

CDNCDNOriginalOriginafOriginalOriginal

11320 SSA Sverfges Socialdemokratiska Arbetarspartiet (Social Democrats]

1948 Valmanifest, duplicated press release1952 Valmanifest, published in the press1956 Valmartifest, ‘Fortsatt ekonomisk utjamning’ published in the press1958 First of May Manifesto and Declaration1960 First of May Manifesto and Declaration1960 Election newspaper1964 Election magazine, ‘Ett handlingskraftigft samhalle’1968 Valmanifest, press release ‘4rbete, trygghet, utveckling’. Originaf1970 Valmanifest. Original1976 Valmanifest, published for the press1979 Valmanifest, published for the press1982 Valmanifest, ‘Fred och arbete’. Original1985 Valmanifest. Originrd1988 Valmanifest ‘En inbjudan till afla Valjare’. Original

87

11420 FP Folkpartiet Iiberalerna (People’s Party of the Liberals] ‘,

1948195219561958196019641968197019731976197919821985

1988

Vslmantfest, pubhshed m the pressValmamfest, advertisement pubhshed m the pressValmamfest, pubhshed in the pressValmamfest, pubhshed m the pressValmamfest, ‘Mo]hghete mss arhonde’, pubhshed so the pressMagamre for young votera, ‘Liberal utmanmg’‘Dm rest pa fofkparhet ger resultat’ ,,Valmamfest, duphcated press release ,,Valmamfest, duphcated press releaseValmamfest, ‘Socmla Reformer rrtsn Soclahsm’Valmamfest, ‘Arrsvaroch samforstarrd’Valmamfest, ‘For fnhet och rattwsa’‘Ny kurs for Svenge Valmarufest mfor valet 1985 arstaget avFolkpartlets parhatyrelse den 1 ynu 1985’ OngmalValmamfest 88 ‘Det behovs bilde hJaIta och hjama I pobtdren Ongrnrd

11620 MS Moderate Samlingspartiet (Conservatives)

1948195219561958

1960

196419681970197319761979198219851988

Valmamfest, ‘Hogern ager 1fran’Leaflets ‘Hogern behovs nu’ and ‘Det lonar slg’Valmamfest-Youth leaftet, ‘Sa har vdf Jarl HlsJmerson La$wa--upp afspalet’,”pp 2Leaflet, ‘Hogersftematwet - ett alternatw alltrantrapa’Leaflet, ‘OMS~ NeJ1’Leaflet, ‘Att vdja sts ps egna hen’Leaffet, ‘Konsten att fanga en mdjon’Magszme, ‘Dags for sidbyte?’Valmamfest, ‘Samvarkan, rattma, snsvsr’ValmamfestValmamfestValmarufest, ‘Frrurmd1Fnhet’Valmamfest, ‘Frarrmd 1Fnhet’Valmamfest 1985 ‘Framtld i fnhet’Valmamfest 1988 ‘Frsmtldens ideer’

OriginalOngmal

11810 CP Centerpartiet (Agrariarr/Centre Part~

1948 Valmanifest, printed1952 Valmanifest, published in the press1956 Valmanifest, printed1958 Valmanifest, printed1960 Valmanifest, printed1964 Information missing1968 Valmanifest, ‘Framtidspolitik i 40 punkter’1970 Valmanifest, ‘Mafet ar jamlikhet och decentralisering’1973 Valmanifest, printed1976 Valmanifest, printed1979 Valmanifest, printed1982 Valmanifest, printed1985 ‘reed centern for framtiden’. Program infer

valet 15 September 1985.

1988 Valprogram 1989-1991.

~

CDN = Communist daily newspaper

Original

Originrd

89

!,

I

2,16.a British Pafiles Coded

M/R’ Party Electlonsz NOS3 CMFfirst-last

6 Labour Party 1945-1987 13 51320

2 Llbcral Party 1945-1987 11 ,51420

1 Conservatwe Psfty 1945-1987 13 51620

Joint Programmed:

Liberal/SDP-AUmnce 1983+1987 2 51991


1 Codes u gwcn m Thomu Machellkhard ROX, The !nlmmrwnal Afmanac cfEfe.kwal Hutory, Houndmdls,Basmgstoke,Ham Ike, London 1991

I2 Electlom for whc documents src coded3 Number of cockd d-menls4 Compuawm Mmtfeslm Project cede for pubes

90

2.16.b British Documents Covered

IUK: Labo UK: Libe UK: Cons US: Alli

Ius Party ral Part ervative ante ROW

151320.00151420.00\51620.00151991.00\ ‘Total

DATE -------- 1-------- I-------- l-------- I--------1194507.00 1111

1-------- 1-------- I-----: -- l--------!195002.00

/-----:--:-----:-- :-----:--I--------/195110.00

l-----:--i-----:--!-----:-- 1------- i19550S.00 I

1-----:--i-----:--1-----: --i--------l195910.00 111111

l--------[--------l--------l--------l196410.00

I-----: -- i-----: -- i-----: --i --------i196603.00

I -----: --1-----:-- [-----:--i -------- I191006.00

1-----:--1 -----:--! -----: --1 --------!197402.00

1-----:--1-----:--!-----:--!--------1197410.00

1-----:-- i-----:--1-----:-- i--------i197905.00

I-----:--!-----:--1-----:--!--------!198306.00

l-----:-- i-------- i-----: -- i-----: --i198706.00

I-----:--!--------i-----:--i-----:--icolm 14 12 14 2

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

39

91

51320 Labour Party

1945

1950

19511955

1959

1964196619701974-021974-10197919831987

The Labour Mamfesto, ‘Let Us Face the Future FWsA Declaration of Labour Pohcy for the Conslderatlon of the Natron’The Labour Mamfesto, ‘Let Us Wm Through Together FWSA Declaration of Labour Polrcy for the Conslderahon of the Nahon’The Labour Party ElectIon Marufesto Fws‘Forward wth Labour Labour’s Pohcy for the Conslderatlon of FWSthe Nation’‘Bntam Belongs to You’, The Labour Party Policy for the FwsConslderatron of the NatIon‘Let’sGo With Labour for the New Bntarn’ Fws‘Time for Declslon’ FWS‘Now Bntam’s Strong - Let’s Make lt Great to Lwe In’ Fws‘Let us Work Together - Labnur’s Way Out of the Cnsls’‘Bntam Wdl Wm W]th Labour’, wth a foreword by Wdson !%‘The Labour Way Mthe Better Way’ TG May 1979‘The New Hope for Bntam’ TG June 1983‘Bntam Wdl Wm’ TG Apnf 1987

51420 Liberal Party

19451950

1951195519591964196619701974-021974-10

197919831987

Llberrd Marufesto, ‘20-Point Mamfesto of the Liberal Party’ or FWSLiberal Manrfesto, ‘No Easy Way Bntarn’s Problems FWSand the Lberaf Answers’Liberal Mamfesto, ‘The Nahon’s Task‘Cnsm Unresolved’ i%;‘People Count’ FWS‘Think for Yourself - Vote Liberal’‘For all the People The Liberal Plan of 1966’ K:‘What a hfel’‘Change the Face of Britain’, mtroductlon by Thorpe %‘Whv Bntam Needs Liberal Government’, Fwsmtrdduction bv Thorne‘The Real Flgbt KSfo~Bntam’See 51991See 51991

TG May 1979

92

51620 Conservative Party

1945

1950

1951

1955

1959

1964196619701974-021974-10197919831987

Conservative Manifesto 1945, (Churchill’s declaration of policyto the electorate), pp. 113-23Conservative Manifesto, ‘This is the Road: the Conservative andUnionist Party’s Policy’, pp. 139-52The Manifesto of the Conservative and Unionist Party, signed by Churchill,pp. 167-73‘United for Peace and Progress’, The Conservative andUnionist Party’s Policy, pp. 182-202;(starts with a 2-page personal statement by the then P.M;, Anthony Eden)‘The Next Five Years’, The Conservative and Unionist Party’s Policy,pp. 214-22‘Prosperity with a Purpose’, Conservative and Unionist,,Party’sPolicy‘Action not WOrds: New Conservative Programme’‘A Better Tomorrow’, with an introduction signed by Heath‘Firm Action for a Fair Britain’‘Putting Britain First’The Conservative Manifesto 1979, TG May 1979‘The Challenge of Our Time’ TG June 1983‘The Next Moves Forward’ TG April 1987

51991 The Liberal/SDP Afliance

1983 ‘Working Together for Britain’, Liberaf/SPD Afliance Manifesto,introduction by Jenkins and Steel. Original

1987 Britain United ‘The Time Has Come’ TG April 1987

KEY

TG = The Times Guide to the House of CommonsFWS = All manifesto up to 1974 taken from FWS Craig,

British General Election Manifesto 1900-1974, London, Macmillan, 1974

93

2.17.a US-American Parties Coded

M/R1 Party Elections2 NOS3 CM#first-lsst

1 Democrahc Party 1948-1988 11 61320

8 Reoubhcan PartY 1948-1988 11 61620

24 Progresswc Party (H Wallace) 1948 1 61622

25 State’s R@ts Party 1948 1 61911


I tides as SIven m Thomas MackeMlchard Rose, The Interrmhond Almanac d Elwmral H~iOq, HOundm~kBasq$tnke, Ham hue, London 1991

x2 Ele-dmns for whl documents ate ceded3 Numhcr of coded dcamenh4 Comparative Mmlfesmx Project code for pames

94

2.17.b US-American Documents Covered

DATE --------4811.00

5211.00

5611.00

6011.00

6411.00

6811.00

7211.00

7611.00

8011.00

8411.00

8811.00

Column

USA: DemUSA: Ren USA: PKO USA: Stancra+s ublican~______61320.00--------

1

1

1--------

1

1

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

19

61620.00

1--------

1

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

19

gressive61622.00--------

1--------

--------

--------

--------

--------

--------

--------

--------

--------

--------

--------1

tes Righ Row61911.001 Total

1.-------

.----.--

--------

--------

.-------

--------

--------

--------

--------

--------1

4

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

24

95

61320 Democratic Party

1948 Democratic Party Platform 19481952 Democratic Party Platform 19521956 Democrahc Party Platform 19561960 Democratic Party Platform 19601964 Democrahc Party Platform 19641968 Democratic Party Platform 19681972 Democrahc Party Platform 1972

1976 Democratic Party Platform 1976

1980 Democrahc Paty Platform 1980

1984 urformatlon mlssmg1988 The 1988 Democratic National Platform

61620 Republican Party

1948 Republican Party Platform 19481952 Repubhcarr Party Platform 19521956 Repubhcan Party Platform 19561960 Repubhcsn Party Platiorm 19601964 Repubhcsn Party Platform 19641968 Republrcsn Party Platform 19681972 Republican Party Platform 1972.

1976 Republican Party Platform 1976

1980 Repubhcsn Party Platform 1980.

1984 mforrnahon mrssmg1988 Republrcsn Platform Ar American Vlslon

For Our Children and Our Future

PJPJPJCQ wr Vol XXXNo 29, 15July 1972

CQ rd 91B-121B,1980

Ongmsl

PJPJPJPJPJPJCQ wr Vol. XXXNo 35,26August 1972::7# Vol XXXH,

~~8: 58B-84B,

Original

61622 Progreaalve Party (H. Wallace~

1948 mformatlon mmsmg

96

61623 State’s R]ghts Party

1948 information missing

KEY

PJ = All Democratic and Republican platforms up to 1968 taken from K.N. Porterand D.B. Johnson (eds.), National Party Platforms 1840-1968, Urbana, Ill.,University of Illinois Press 1970.

CQ wr = Congressional Quarterly, weekly report.CQ al = Congressional Quarterly, almanac.

97

2.18.a Israeli Parties Coded

M/R’ Party Electlons~ NOS3 CMP4fret-last

5 MAKI-Mifla a Kommumst]t Isrc’cht$(Commufrrst arty of Israel)

1949-1969 5 72220

32 MOKED (FOCUS) 1973 1 72221

37 SHELLI-Shalom le’Israel -Shwlon lc’Israel

1977-1981 2 72221

(Peace m Israel - Equahty m Israel) 11

44 Hareshlma Ha’mltkadcmet le-Shalom 1984+1988 2 72222(Progresswe List for Peace)

23 RAKAH-Reshlma Kommumstlt 1965-1973 2 72225Hadssha (New communist Party).

34 HADASH-Haat Democratlt le Shalom 1977-1988 4 72225ve-Shwa on (Democratic Front for Peace

&and Equ ty) 1! ,,1’

29 Hatnuah Lczhrot Ha’ezrach 1973-1988 5 72310(Cltlzens’ R@ts Movement) 1!

7 MAPAM-Mlfleget Ha’poalurr 1949-1965 6 B 72311Hameudet (Umted Workers’ Party)

21 Ma’math I (Ahgnment I) 1969 1 72320

21 Ma’axachH (Ahgnment If) 1973-1984 4 ‘ 72321

25 RAF1-Reshlmat Pordel Israel 1965 1 72322

26 Mfle et Ha’avoda Ha’Israelltf

1965+1988 2 72323(Israe 1Labour Party)

1 MAPAI-Mdleget PoalelErctz Israel

1949-1961 5 ~ “72324

(Workers’ Party of the Land of Israel)

18 Achdut Ha’avoda PoalcI Zion 1959-1961 2 72325

22 H’Mfflaga HLlberallt H’Atzmaect 1949-1981 9 72410(Progresswe and Independent hberal Party)

19 IWlaga Hsliberaht (hbersl Party) 1961 [ ‘1 72411

33 Dash-Hatnuah Hademokratlt Lc-stunru 1977 1(Democratic Move.mcnt for Change)

( 72412

1 Cod- as gwen m Them= Macke/Richard ROS, The Int.rnaswnal Almanac of Ekcwral Hurory, Hound!ml!s,Basmgslokc,Ham bum,London 1991

r2 Elcchons for whw documents are coded3 Number of coded documents4 CmnparatIve Mamfesm.s Pro]ect code for parues

98

2.18.a Israeli Parties Coded (continued)

MIR5 Party Elections$ NOS7 CMP8first-last

38 Shinui (Change) 1981-1988 3 72413

47 Yachad (Together) 1984 1 72414

2 Zionim Klalim (General Zonists’) 1949-1959 4 72420

43 Ometz (Courage) 1984 1 72425 ““

17 Mafdal-Miflaga Datit Leumit 1949-1988 12 72530(Natlonaf Rehglous Par~)

8 Agudah Israel (Association of Israel) 1959-1988 8 72531

39 Tami-Tenua le’Masoret Israel(Movement for Israel’s Tradition)

1981+1984 2 72S32

45 SHAS-Shomrei Torah Sephardim(Sephardl Torah Guardians)

1984+1988 2 72533

42 Morasha (Heritage) 1984 1 72534

27 Hamerkaz Hahofshi (Free Centre) 1969 1 72610

28 Reshima Mamlachtit (State List) 1969 1 72611

40 Tehiya-Tenuat Hetehiya(Renaissance Movement)

1981-1988 3 72612

46 Tsomet (Crossroads) 1988 1 72613

50 Degel Hatorah (Torah Flag) 1988 1 72614

51 Moledet (Homeland) 1988 1 72615(Renaissance Movement)

4 Herut (Freedom Party) 1949-1961 5 72620

20 Gahal-Gush-Herut Liberalim(Freedom Liberaf Block)

1965+1969 2 72621

31 Likud (Union) 1973-1988 5 72622

36 Shlomzion (Peace for Zion) 1977 1 72623


5 Codes as given in ‘fimmas Mackie/Richard Rose, The [Ikwuuion.1 Almanac of Ekctord Histoy, Hmmdmills,Basingstoke, Hampshire, Lo”don 1991.

6 Electiom for which documems are coded.7 Number of coded documcrm.8 Comparative Manifesto Project code for p.wties,

99

2.18.b Israeli Documents Covered

IlSR 3!aklSR ~k lSR Pro lSR Rak ISR Rat lSR H-P lSR Ha- 16R8 31a-

Ii cowun ●d/shall gren.ive ah/Badas z Citlzm m Unit= arach 1 arach 11 ROW

172220 00172221 00172222 00172225 00172310 00172311.00172320.00172321 001 TotalDATE --------1 -----;-- ~--------~ --------~ -------- ~--------~ -----;-- ~-------- ~--------l

194901 00 I

I-----;--j-------- [--------\--------------------------~-------- ~--------l195107 00

I-------- l--------~ -------- 1-------- i-------- ~-------- 1-------- ~--------l195507 00 I 11

1--------1--------1--------1-------- 1-------- 1--------1 -------- I-------- I195907 00

I--------!--------:-------- :--------!--------[-----;-- :--------:-------- /19610.900 I

I-----:--i-------- 1--------1--------l--------l-----;--~--------~--------l196511 00 11

I-----:--i--------l--------l--------1--------1--------~-----;--~--------1196910 00 I 11

I-------- ~-----;----------- ~-----;-- ~-----i-- ~-------- ~--------[ --------1197312 00 I 11

I--------1--------l--------\ -------- l-------- l------------------ -------- I197705 00

I--------/-----;-- :--------;-----:--;-----;--:-------- ~--------~-----:--:198106 00 I

I-------- l--------l-----;--~-----:-- 1-------- 1-------- ~--------l -----:--1198407.00

I--------:-------- ~-----;--:-----;--:-----:--:-----;-- :--------:-----:--:198811 00

1-------- 1-------- 1-------- I-------- l-------- l-------- 1-------- 1-------- I

7

6

6

8

8

9

7

8

10

11

14

14

Calm 5“ 3“ 2 7 5 6 1 4 108

100

2.18.b Israeli Documents Covered (continued)

[lSR: R., lSR: IL, lSR: MaP 1S,: .4.,lSR: ,,0 lSR: Lib ISR, .a,

[i Reshim L.abour .aiwork. d.t Ha-a gressive eral Par h Democr ROW

172322.00[72323.00172324.00172325.00[72410.00172411.00[72412.0Ol Total

DATE -------- I-------- l-------- I-------- I-------- I--------1 -------- I-------- I19.4901.00

I -------- I -------- !-----: --! -------- I -----:-- 1--------! --------!

195107.00

1-------- i-------- 1-----:--1--------1-----:-- 1-------- 1-------- i195507.00

1--------i-------- i-----:--~--------i-----:--1------- i--------i195907.00

1--------!-------- I-------- 1-----:--i-----:--!-------- !--------!196100.00 1111

1--------i-------- i--------I--------1--------1-----:--!-------- I196511.00

l-----:--!-----:-- 1--------1--------i-----:--i--------1--------i196910.o0

1--------i--------i-------- i--------!-----:--!--------i--------!197312.00

1-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-----: --1-------1 --------1197705.00

1-------- 1-------- i-------- !-------- !-----2--------1 -----: --i198106.00

I-------- i--------1-------- 1--------1-----:-- !-------- i--------i198407.00

1--------i--------i--------i--------!--------1--------1--------I198811.00

1-------- l-----:--i -------- i-------- l-------- l-------- l-------- Icolumn 1 3 5 2 9 1 1

7

6

6

8

8

9

7

8

10

11

14

14

108

101

2.18.b kraeli Documents Covered (continued)

IlSR Shi lSR rem lSR con lSR cm lSR Nat lSR A9u lSR: Tam

1.ui Ch.n had Tog. .ral Zio tz Coura ioml R. dat I.rti1 MC.VUM ROW

172413 00[72414 00172420 00172435 00172530 00[72531 00173532 001 Total

DATE -------- 1-------- I-------- 1-------- l-------- I-------- 1-------- l-------- I194901 00 11 11

I-------- 1--------l-----; ----------- 1-------- I-------- 1--------1195107 00 11

1--------1--------I-------- l-------- I-------- 1-------- l-------- I195507 00 11 11

I-------- I--------~ -----;-- ~--------\ -------- 1-------- 1-------- I195907 00 1111

1--------1--------;-------- 1--------1--------I-----;-- ~--------I196108 00 11

1--------I-------- I-------- l-------- I-------- 1-------- 1-------- I196511 00 11 11

1--------1--------~--------1--------1--------1--------1-------- I196910 00 11

1--------1--------I-------- 1--------1 -------- I-------- 1--------1197312 00 1111

I--------1--------1--------:--------:-----;--:-----;--;-------- I197705 00

l-----;--~--------~-------- I--------~-------- l-----; -- ~-------- I198106 00 11 11

l-----; -- ~-----; -- ~--------~ -----; -- p----i-- ~-----;-- p------- I198407 00 11

1-------- 1-------- ~-------- 1-------- ~-------- I-----; --j-------- I198011 00

I-----2-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-----:--1 -------- 1--------1column 3 1 4 1 13 .9 3

7

6

6

8

8

9

7

8

10

11

14

14

10.9

102


IISR: Sha lSR: nor lSR: Fre lSR: sta lSR: Teh lSR: TSO ISR: Deg

(s Sephar asha Eiere Centre te List iya Rena met CrOB .1 32ator ROW

172533.00172534.00 [72610.00172611.00172612.00/72613.00/72614.O0l Total

DATE -------- 1-------- I-------- I-------- I-------- 1-------- 1-------- l-------- I194901.00

I-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-------- i-------- i-------- i-------- i195107.00

I-------- 1--------1--------1--------1--------1--------i--------i195507.00

1--------!--------I-------- i--------!--------i--------i--------!195907.00

I-------- 1--------1--------I--------i--------!--------!--------i196108.00

I-------- i--------!--------i--------1--------!--------1--------I196511.00

/--------/--------i--------/--------/--------/--------/-------- I

196910.00

l--------l--------!-----:--!-----:--!--------!--------!--------l197312.00 I

1--------1 --------! -------- i -------- 1-------- i-------- l------- i19770S.00

I-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-------- i-------- l--------i19S106.00 I

I--------i--------i--------l--------i-----:--l--------i--------!190407.00

I-----:-- 1-----:--i--------i--------i-----:-- !--------i--------iL9B811.00

1-----:--1--------1--------i--------1-----:--1-----:--1-----: --1Columm 2 1 1 1 4 2 1

7

6

6

8

8

9

7

8

10

11

14 .

14

108

103


IlSR 1601ISR 0.. lSR Gah lSR Lik lSR, Shl

1.d.t nom .t Fr..d .1 Fr.d ud Union omzio. P Row17261S 00172620 00172621.00172622 00172623 00[ Total

DATE -------- i-------- i-------- i-------- i--------i --------t194901 00

;--------;-----:--1------- 1--------/--------/195107 00

I--------i -----: --l--------[ -------- !-------- i195507 00 I

1--------!-----:--i--------i-------- l--------i195907 00

I--------i -----: --i -------- 1-------- 1-------- I1961OB 00 I 11

1-------- 1-------- 1-------- 1-------- I--------1196511 00

I--------i--------1-----:--1--------1-------1196910 00

I--------i--------i-----:-- !--------I--------I197312 00

1--------!--------l--------l-----u-------l197705 00

I--------i --------i --------i -----:--i -----:--i19.910600 11

1-------- i-------- i-------- l-------- 1-------- !198407.00 I

1-------- !--------! -------- !-----: -- i-------- i198811.00 I

I-----:--!--------i-------- i-----:--l-------- !Colm 2 5 2 6 1

7

6

6

8

0

9

7

8

10

11

14

14

108

A. Communist Parties

72220 MAIU (Communist Part~

1949 “List of Communists& Independents...”1951 “Platform of the Israel Communist Party&

Independent List to theElections of the 2nd Knesset”

1955 Document missing1959 Document missing1961 “MAKI Platform”1965 “Mikrmis Urges Arabs to Allow Israel’s Rights”

“Foreign Policy: MAKI”1969 “The Distinctiveness of MAW’

MAKI (MOKED) Policy

72221 MOKED/SHELLI (Focus/Peace in Israe~

1973 “MOKED”1977 “SHELLI, Alliance for Peace& Equafity”1981 Advertisement

“If You Believe in SHELLI”“SHELLI Stands up for Democracy”

72222 Progressive Lk.t for Peace

1984 Election platform1988 Platform

PP 21.1.49

JP 27.7.51

JP 11.7.61JP 5.8.65NO 8.65JP 24.10.69z

NO 12.73JP 25.4.77Ha’aretzJP 25.6.81JP 29.6.81

YA 20.7.84YL

72225 RAKAH/HADASH (DFPE) (New Communist Party)

1965

1969

1973

1977

1981

19841988

“Communists Prove Moderate” JP 8.8.65“The Parties on Foreign Policy: RAKAH” NO 8.65“Is Peace a Dream?” JP 12.10.69“Religion & Politics” JP 16.10.69“Complacency is not a virtue” JP 20.10.69“The New Communist Party” z“Une Interview de Meir Vilner” L’Humanit6

13.4.71“A Democratic Front Peace& Equality” JP 20.4.77“Either a Just& Lasting Peace... ” JP 13.5.77“Vote for HADASH”“Fear”

JP 27.3.81JP 25.6.81

Election platform YA 20.7.84Platform YL

105

B. Socialist Parties

72310 RATZ Citizens Rights Movement

1973 “The Movement For Cltlzens Rights”“You don’t Protest Against Ofer ““The Cltuens R@ts Movement”

1977 “Check Carefully”“ThMISWhat We’ve Done”“You Don’t Want to Vote for the Ahgnmentt”

1981 “If you have not yet decided to vote for ILYIZ”1984 Elechon platform1988 Electron 1988

72311 MAPAM United Workers’ Party

1949

19511955195919611965

“What MAPAM Stonds for”“MAPAM’s Resolutions on the conditionsfor Peace”Document mlssmg“A Progresswe Oovemment Now”“MAPAM must save MAPAf from Itself”“Rrfkm Democracy or Dlctatorshlp~”“MAPAM rs F@tmg ““Towards a Promesswe Socmf & Economic Policy”“MAPAM Stan& For ““Towards a Progresswe Sociaf Pohcy”

72320 Ma’arach I (MAPAM, RAFI and ILP)

1969 ‘1969 Electlon Propaganda’‘In Conclusion’

72321 Ma’arach JI (MAPAM and ILP]

1973 ‘1973 ElectIon Propaganda’‘A Policy of Stnvmg for Peace’

1977 ‘The Tasks Ahead Forward with Labour to Facethe Future

1981 ‘HaMa’arach ve haLrkud Ha hevdal hagadol’

‘where we Stand’‘Israel now needs ‘

1984 Electron platform

JP310 73JP 301273zJP8577JP 155.77JP 16577JP266 81YA207 84JPS 311088

PP1012 48PP 21.449

JP227 55JP279 59JP2761JP 1510.65JP 21.1065JP 24.1065JP2510 65

Z pp 159-62JP2410 69

Z pp 178-80JP3012 73JPM55 77

Ma’ariv29.581JP 25.681JP 17.4.81A 20.784

106

72322 RAFI

1965 “Why Do You Need RAN?”“The Foundations of RAFI’s Platform”

JP 19.9.65JP 3.10.65

72323 ILP Israeli Labour Party

JP 19.10.65JP 19.10.65to 31.10.65NO 8.1965

1965 ‘For the ‘70s; Security and Peace’‘Towards the 1970s’ (25 daily adverts)

‘Foreign Poficy’1969 See 723201973 See 723211977 See 723211981 See 723211984 See 723211988 Election 1988 JPS 31.10.88

72324 MAPAI Workers’ Party of the Land of Israel

1949

1951

1955

1959

1961

‘MAPAf Stands for Peace’‘To All Members of Free Professions’‘MAPAPs Past on Record: The Way Ahead’‘The Simple Truth’‘To the Masses’‘Appeaf to Reason’ (25 daily advertisements)

‘Responsibility’‘My Plan for the Future’ (David Ben Gurion)‘The Index Stayed Put’‘Well is it the Truth?’‘Whose Hands are on the Wheel?’‘From the MAPAf Platform?The Mission of our Generation’‘An Open Letter to the Voter’‘The MAPAI Platform, 1959’‘To the Citizens of Israel’‘The Pillars of State’‘Vote MAPAI’‘Tomorrow You Vote’

72325 Achdut Ha’Avodah

1959 Information missing1961 “Achdut Ha’Avodah Convention Attacks

MAPAf, Pacifies MAPAM”“Galili: Nothing To Do With MAPAP’

PP 13.1.49PP 23.1.49JP 27.7.51JP 15.7.51JP 3.5.51JP 29.6.51to 29.7.51JP 30.7.51JP 27.7.51JP 24.6.55JP 1.7.55JP 15.7.55JP 25.7.55

JP 26.7.55JP 30.10.59JP3.11.59JP 30.6.61JP 4.8.61JP 14.8.61

JP 28.5.61JP 2.7.61

107

C. Liberal Parties

72410 Progressive/Independent Liberal

1949

1951

1955

1959

19611965

1969

1973

1977

“The Progresswe Party”“The Upbuddmg of the Country Requires ““OurSoldlersDemand ““OurMlddle-ClsssF armers ““Offlcmls&EmployeesDemand ““MenandWomenurt heProfesslons ““Our Women Ask For Wluch Party ShaUWe Vote ““A Free Economy”“A Busuressman Thinks ““The Roads of Israel”“If you Agree ““A Few Home Truths”“How Can Improvement of Economic Condmonsbe Reached”“Curing the Locaf Government”“A Victory for Democracy”“Cwd Servant or Petty Offlclal?”“An End to ‘Percentages’ m Settlement Matters”“To the Clhzens of Israel”“Shall We Squander Our Culturaf Heritage?”“Our hswers”“Fear”“Of ‘satelhtes’, ‘concessions’ & ‘surrender’”“Srngle Party Rule Or Firmly Based Democracy?”“To the Cmzen! To the Voterl”“The Progresses - Towards Victory”“Essentmls of the Progresswe Party Platform ““Who Are We?”“Dear Cltlzen “See 72411“Foreign Pobcy Independent Liberals”“What Independent hbersls are Flghtmg for”“The Re~me & Cwd Rights”“The Mam Points of Our Programme”“A Campaign That Goes Strarght to tbeHeart of the Matter”“Both Security & Peace”“The Second Front”“Our Policy m the Admmrztered Areas”“We Have No Axe to Grind”“The Independent Liberal Party of Israel”“The Independent Liberal Party”“Mron Points of Our Platform”“YOUKKIOWWho”“The Gateway Opened ““Lmrrg wnh Arabs”“Pensioners”“Heabrrg the Dlsesse of Coercion”

PP1912 48PP 16149PP171 49PP 18149PP,201 49PP 23149

,~E’24 1.49

JP 11751JP20751JP23751JP257 51JP26751

JP27751JP1755JP165 55JP265 55JP 10655JP 17655JP246 55JP5755JP8755JP 11755JP 227.55JP247 55JP257 55JP3010 59JP3010 59JP3 1159

NO 865JP 91065JP 171065JP291065

JP249 69JP309 69JP 61069JP 101069JP1910 69zzJP 251273JP3012 73JP3377

JP174 77JP184 77JP 19477“The Structure of Government”

108

“Plain Words”1981 “To Undecided Voters”

“An Appeal to the Sense of Israel’s Citizens”“What the Independent Liberals Have to Offer”

72411 Liberal 1961 (Progressive and General Zionist)

1961 “The Liberal Party: Statement of Principle”

72412 Dash Democratic Movement for Change

1977 “It was difficult to leave the Alignment”“The Israeli Who Cares”“Dear Fellow Citizen”“Time For A Change”, six separate sections

72413 Shinui (Change)

1981 “Shinui Means Change”“Why Shinui...?”

1984 Election platform1988 Election 1988

72414 Yahad (Together)

1984 Election platform

JP 20.4.77JP 26.4.77JP 25.6.81JP 26.6.81JP 29.6.81

JP 19.5.61

JP 22.3.77JP 20.4.77JP 27.4.77JP 3.5.77JP 5.5.77JP 6.5.77JP 9.5.77JP 10.5.77JP 13.5.77

JP 12.6.81JP26.6.81YA 20.7.84JPS 31.10.88

YA 20.7.84

109

72420 General Zionist

1949 “The Grmcral Zlomsts Orgamsahon Mthe Centre Party”1951 “Day of Judgement”

“Our Programme Relatlons with the Diaspora”“Our Programmc Foreign PohcMs”“What about Your Daughter?”“P Bernstein Demes MAPAI’s Alfc.gahon”“Our Programme Home Polrcy”“Our Programme GmstWtron”“Our Programmc Party Pohtlcs & Publrc Morale”“You are but a Number on a RatIon Book”“We are aff amateurs”“Are Queues Really Inewtable?”“Mr Ben-Gurlon’s Reluctant Adm]ssion”“1Had Sworn Never to Enter HaKrrlya”“The Economic Pohce Knock at the Door”“TOthe Progresswe Party& Its Members ““ElectIon Target& Dlctatorshlp “

1955 “Not Even m Sowct Russia”“12 Against 4““Our Programme for the Next 4 Years”“Don’tWaste Your Vote”

1959 “Secondary School Teachers’ Demands are Just”“A Change of Reglmc - How~”“5720 - A Year of Self Help”

1

“It Isn’t Merely a Krresset You are Choosing .““what Promises has MAPAI kept?”“The True Face of the Progrcsswes”

1961 See72411

72425 Ometz (CouraEe]

1984 Electron platform

PP 101248JP3751JP107 51JP 11751JP12751JP 12751JP,12751JP 13751JP 15751JP 15751JP16751JP167 51JP177 51JP187 51JP19751JP207 51JP 27.751JP 23.655JP 14.755JP227 55JP257 55JP308 59JP189 59JP 2.10.59JP2310 59JP 28.1059JP2910 59

YA207 84

110

D. Religious Parties

72530 NRP National Religious Party

19491951

1955

1959

1961

1965

1969

1973

1977

1981

19841988

‘Religious People Who Want a Modern State’‘Omen Mizrahi Women’‘Hapoel HaMizrahi’‘Quotation from the Economic Platform’‘Do You Agree...’ (5 daily adverts.)

Achievements of the National Religious PartyAchievements of the National Religious Party‘For Its Achievement Vote ‘B’‘%e National Religious Bloc was not Formedfor the Election’‘Having Respect for Religion’‘How Shall We Educate Our Children?’‘To the Women of Israe~‘To Every Religious Jew’‘A Great Opportunity’‘Haifa Subway will not Operate on Sabbath’‘Who Will Protect Religious Values?’‘Betar-Hapoel 0:2’‘Towards a Turning Point in the ,New Year’‘Our answer to the MAPAI Chief‘Haim Moshe Shapiro’‘Today Only - Tomorrow is Too Late’‘What We WifJ Fight For in the Fifth Knesset’‘Letter to the Voter’‘We Call Upon You to Vote’‘To Voters Who Cherish the Values ofTraditional Judaism’‘What the Nationrd Religious Party Will Try to Achieve’‘The Nation Pins its Hope on You’‘NRP Calls for More Settlement’Speech by Social Welfare Minister Hazari andRabbinical Statement on Foreign Policy‘Dear Voters’‘Dear Friend’‘You and I Have Met...’l955‘Dear Citizen’‘Kol * 3 Ha’aretz (no date)‘Mafdal: Yeish rak achat’

‘Kol kol leTehiya, kol neto lePeres

Election platformElection 1988

PP 24.1.49JP 13.7.51JP 19.7.51JP 27.5.51JP 18.7.51to 29.7.51JP 1.7.55JP 5.7.55JP 7.7.55JP 21.7.55

JP 22.7.55JP 22.7.55JP 24.7.55JP 26.7.55JP 26.7.55JP 4.9.59JP 11.9.59JP 25.9.59JP 2.10.59JP 9.10.59JP 30.10.59JP 3.11.59JP 4.8.61JP 11.8.61JP 14.8.61JP 31.10.65

JP 1.11.65JP 27.10.69JP 15.9.69Z pp.181-83

JP 28.12.73JP 15.4.77

JP 29.6.81

Ma’ariv29.5.81Ma’anv28.6.81YA 20.7.84JPS 31.10.88

111

72531 Agudah Israel (Association of Israel~

19591961196519691973

1977

19811984

“Agudab MK Tells ““Poalel Agudafr Israel ElectIon Platform”“ElectIon Marnfesto”Document mlssmg“The Fighters ““Don’tLet Them Lead You Astray”“From Wfuch Doctrure Are We to Free Ourselves?”“The Bibhcrd Rehglous Front”“How wdl the Jews Surwve?”“If Your Heart Aches”“On May 17 You Go to the Polls”“And Suddenly You See a Spark of Light ““Gwe Your Vote to the Guardians of Our Her]tage”“The Party that has kept Its promises.” -Election platform

72532 TAMI (Movement for Israel’s Tradition]

1981 ,,T~Ill

1984 Infonnatlon mlssmg

72533 SHAS (Sephardi Torah Guardians~

1984 Elechon platform

72534 Morasha (Herftag~

1984 Elechon platform

JP 211059JP2761.L

JP249 73JP712 73JP 111273.7

?P174 77

JP224 77JP294 77JP6577JP256 81YA207 84

Ma’anv286.81

YA207 84

YA207 84

112

E. Conservative Patiles

72610 Free Centre

1969 “Vote Free Centre”

72611 State List

1969 “Ben-Gurion’s State List Presents Names andProgrammed”

72612 Tehiya (Renaissance Movement)

1981 “YOUcan...”“Your Vote for Tehiya”

1984 Election platform1988 Election 1988

72613 Tsomet (Crossroads/

1988 Election 1988

72614 Degel Hatorah (Torah Flag)

1988 Platform

72615 Moledet (Homeland)

1988 Moledet Movement Platform

JP 26.10.65

JP 19.9.69

JP 19.6.81JP 25.6.81YA 20.7.84JPS 31.10.88

JPS 31.10.88

YL

YL

113

72620 Herut (Freedom Party)

1949 ‘Hlstonc Fronhers and CIVICFreedom’1973 ‘Tenuat HaHcrut Brings to Israel’1951 ‘Tenaut HaHenrt’1955 ‘Economic Pohcy’

‘What They Promised, What They Did’‘If You Vote for Herut ‘

1959 ‘ItMTime for a Change’1961 ‘You Know I-hm’

‘Cltlzens of Israel’

72621 GAHAL (Herut and Liberal)

1965 ‘A Constitution for Israel’‘Change of Admunstratlon’‘Work and Workers’‘Basic Economic Pohcy’‘Housing for Young Couples’‘Nat]onal Health Insurance’‘Pnnclples of Foreign Polrcy’‘Leglslatwe Progrsmme’‘Ar Pollutlon, Noise and NOXIOUSOdours’‘Le&slatlon & Ombudsman for Israel’‘How to Reduce and Reform Income Tax’

1969 ‘GAHAL’s Record‘Any Plans to Re-dwlde the State of Israel’

72622 Llkud (Herut and Llberal~

1973

1977

1981

19841988

‘Foreign Pohcy and Defencc’‘Today You wdl Determme Your andYour Countrv’s Future’‘Do You Agr~e?’‘To All Cltrzens of Israel’‘The LIKUD Government Its Platforms forChange and Uadershlp’‘Rosh Hamemshafah, M Begin al’azrachl Israe~‘Food for Thought’Elecnon platformElectron 1988

72623 Shlomzion (Peace for Zion~

1977 “General Sharon Renewing The Lease onThe Promised Land”

PP 10149PP 21149JP297 51JP8755JP 15.755

JP208 65JP278 65JP89651P149 65JP 16965JP 20.965JP2010 65JP 21.1065JP2210 65JP 251065JP2810 65JPM2410 69JP1010 69

Z pp.178-80JP 31.12.73

JP 281273JP2612 73JP 13.577

Ma’anv286JPM196 81YA207 84JPS 311088

Sunday Times28277

114

KEY

PP =YA =JP -JPM ~JPS =

NO =YL =

z=

Palestine PostYediot Aharanot “Election Speciai: What the Parties say,” 20.7.1984Jerusalem PostJerusalem Post MagazineJerusalem Post Supplement:A. “Election 1988”, October 31, 1988;B. “Guide to the June 23, 1992 Knesset Election,” 19 June 1992New OutlookYehuda Lukacs “Israeli - Palestinian ConflicL A Documentary Record’,CVP 1992, S. 271-289Zohar, D.N., Political Parties in Israel, Appendix

Note:Ha’aretz and Ma’ariv are Hebrew-language papers

115

2.19.a Northern Irish Parties Coded

M/RI Party Electlons2 NOS3 CMP4ftrst-last

LP Labour Party 1945-1969 7 52320

UP Umomst Party 1945-1973 8 52620

NP Natlonahst Party 1945-1969 6 52710


1 Cod= u gwen m ‘llmma.! Mache/Richard Rem, The Inlernmonal Almanac of ElccIoral Hutory, Houndmdls,Bumgsloke, Ham dure, t.mndon 1991

!2 Eleclmus fa whlc dc-cumenh am co&d●

3 Number of coded documenu4 Comparauw Mamfestm Project CMICfor ptixs

116

2.19.b Northern Irish Documents Covered

DATE --------4506.00

4902.00

5310.00

5803.00

6303.00

6511.00

6902.00

7307.00

column

NIR:Lab NIR: Uni NIR:Natour part52320.00--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1

1--------

1

--------10

mist Pa52620.00--------

1

1--------

1--------

1--------

1--------

1

1

1

13

ionalist Row52710.00 Total--------

1 3

1 3--------

2--------

1 3--------

1 3--------

1 3

113

10 ‘ 21

117

52320 LP Northern Ireland Labour Party

1945 document mlssrng,1949 Labour’s Message to the Electors1953 ‘What Ulster Labour would do’ and

Marufesto of the NILP, October 1953‘‘1958 Northern Ireland Labour Party Mamfesto

1962 Ulster Labour and the Slxtles‘1965 ElectIon Msmfesto 1965 NILP1969 ‘Labour hsts dlspantles wrth Bntam’1973 document mlssmg

OrlguralBN1710 53OngmsfOngmalOnguralOngmafIT152 69

52620 UP Unionist Party

1945 ‘Plrmfor Prosperous Ulster’ and BN305 45‘A Message to the People of Ulster’ NW305 45

1949 ‘A Message from the Prime Mmlster to the People of Northern Ireland’~~;~;J~1953 ‘MsunIssue of the Election’1958 ‘Ulster can reply to bullets by votes’ BN282 58

‘Keep Ulster Bnhsh says Mamfesto’ NW282 581962 ‘Prosperity only t Constltudon msmtamed’ and BN125 62

‘The Fundamental of Ulster’s Prosperity’ NW125 621965 ‘Umorust Mamfesto outhrscs 18 Points’ BT1611651969 ‘Electlon marks Crossroads for Northern Ireland’ IT152 691973 Peace, Order and Good Government Orlgmrd

52710 NP Nationalist Party

1945 ‘Pubhc NotIce’ and ‘Elechon Address to the Electors Falls Dwrslon’ ;: ~~64~51949 ‘40tl-Patrdon Msmfcsto on Outstanding Issue m Irish Polrt@1953 document mw.mg1958 ‘Umonrsts Cmsprracy to keep Mmonty m Subjection’ IN133 581962 ‘Natlorrahst Party state Pohcy’ NW175621965 ‘Cooler Electrons m North haded by McAteer’ 112011651969’15 Point Natlorrahst Mamfc.sto’ fN202691973 document mmmg

BN = Belfast NewsletterBT = Belfast TelegraphH = Irish IndependentIN = Irish NewsIT = Irmh TimesNW = Northern Whlg

118

2.20.a Sri Lankan Parties Coded

MIRIParty Elections2 NOS3 CM#first-last

SLFP Freedom Party 1952-1977 6 73310

UNP United Nationaf Party 1947-1977 7 73330


1 Codes as given in ‘flmnms Macki#Richard Rose, T& Intermtioml Almanac of Electoral Hk:orK Hmmdtnil!s,Basings(oke, Hampshire, London 1991

2 Elections forwhich documenlsarecodcd3 Numbcrof coded documents4 Comparative Mxnif.stos Project code fmpm[ies

119

2.20.b Sri Lankan Parties Covered

DATE --------4700.00

5200.00

5604.00

6007.00

6503.00

7005.00

7707.00

column

SRI : SLF SRI: UNPP Freedo United73310 00 73330.00-------- --------

1, ,p---------- ---

1-------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1, ,---------- ---

1-------- --------

1 1-------- --------

1 1-------- --------

6 7

RowTotal

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

13

120

73310 SLFP Sri Lanka Freedom Party

1947 document missing1952 Manifesto1956 Manifesto1960 Manifesto1965 Manifesto1970 Manifesto1977 Manifesto

73330 UNP United National Party

1947 Manifesto1952 Manifesto1956 Manifesto1960 Manifesto1965 Manifesto1970 Manifesto1977 Manifesto

Weerawardana 1952Weerawardana 1956CDNCDNCDNCDN

OnginafWeerawardana 1952Weerawardrma 1956CDNCDNCDNCDN

~

CDN Ceylon Daily NewsWeerawardana 1952 ~ I.D.S. Weerawardana, ‘TtreGeneraf Elections in Ceylon

1952’, speciaf supplement, Ceylon Historical Journal, H, 1-2(1952)

Weerawarckma 1956 . I.D.S. Weerawardan~ Ceylon Generaf Election 1956,(Colombo, 1960)

121

3. Variables Covered

The dataset CMPK3covers two krnds of varrables

1. Identification Variables

- for countnes variable Country- for parties variable Party- for elechons variable Date (year/month of the electlon),

variable Year (year of the elechon), andvarrable Synyear (synthetical year)

The variable Synyear allows for systemahc comparison of the programmatic profdes ofparhes WIIIKarmurdly recorded socml, economic or pohhcal data of the respechve countnes.For creating a ‘synthetical year’ the election programmed were ssslgned to the actrraf year ofthe elechon if the respective elechon was before July Ist, or wce versa to the next year, lf therespcctwe clectlon was after July 1st 1

2. Content Analytic Variables

A first version of the clssstflcahon scheme was developed by David ‘Robertson in 19762 for acomparison of modes of compchtlon between Bnhsh and Amencrur parttcs Since then theclasstlcahon scheme haa been extended and revised to flt additional countnes r56 common categories have been coded for most of the documents. However, somedocuments have been coded according to earher verslorra of the clsssu%atron scheme.Categories 415 ‘Msmst Analysis’ and 416 ‘Antr-Growth Economy’ have not been coded forclechon programmed up to 1973 for Northern Ireland; up to 1977 for Sn Lanka, up to 1979for Austria, up to 1980 for Austraha, Japan and the United Statea (1948-1980); up to 1981 forBelgnrm, Ireland, The Netherlands and New Zealand, up to 1983 for Italy and Bntarn, up to1984 for Denmark, Luxembourg and Israel, up to 1988 for Csnad& France and Sweden, andup to 1989 for Norway Category 405 ‘Corporatism’ has not been coded for Austria, NewZealand, and Sweden

perlOl ‘Foreign Specmf Relatlonshlps posmve’per102 ‘Foreign Speclsf Relahonshlps negatwc’per103 ‘hh-[mpenahsm’per104 ‘Mlhtary posltwe’pcr105 ‘Mdltary negatwe’

1 see%CUOII5on data Iuhnss2 Dawd Roberlwn, A Tkory of Puty (?omp.!mon, London lohn Wdey & Sons 1976

122

per106per107per108per109perl10per201per202per203per204per301per302per303per304per305per401per402per403per404per405per406per407per408per409per410per411per412per413per414per415per416per501per502per503per504per505per506per507per601per602per603per604per605per606per607per608per701per702per703per704per705rrer706

‘Peace’‘Internationalism: positive’‘European Community: positive’‘Internationalism: negative’‘European Qmmunity: negative’‘Freedom and Human Rights’‘Democracy’‘Constitutionalism: positive’‘&mstitutionalism: negative’‘Decentralization’‘Centralization’‘Governmental and Administrative Efficiency’‘Political Corruption’‘Political Auth&ity’‘Free Enterprise’‘Incentives’‘Market Regulation’‘Economic Planning’‘Corporatism’‘Protectionism: positive’‘Protectionism: negative’‘Economic Goals’‘Keynesian Demand Management’‘Productivity’‘Technology and frrfrastructure’‘Controlled Economy’‘Nationalization’‘Economic Orthodoxy’‘Marxist Anafysis’‘Anti-Growth Economy’‘Environmental Protection’‘Culture’‘Social Justice’‘Welfire State Expansion’‘Welfare State Limitation’‘Education Expansion’‘Education Limitation’‘Nationaf Way of Life: positive’‘National Way of Life: negative’‘Traditional Morafity: positive’‘Traditional Ii40rafity: negative’‘Law and Order’‘Social Harmony’‘Multiculturafism: positive’‘Multiculturalism: negative’‘f.abour Groups: positive’‘f-abour Groups: negative’‘Agriculture’‘Middle Class and Professional Groups’‘Minority Groups’‘Non-Economic Demoerarrhic Grorms’

~ncoded (percentage of uncode~ (@si-) sentencestotaf absolute number of coded (quasi-) sentences

123

Descrlptton of Variables

DOMAIN 1: External Relations

101 Foreign Special Relationships: Positive

Favorable menhons of particular countnes with which the mamfesto country has a speclaf ‘relationship For example, m the Bntlsh case. former colomes, ur the German case. EastGermany, m the Swedish case the rest of Scanduravla, the need for cooperation wnthadorald to such countnes

102 Foreign Special Relationships: Negative

Negatwe menhons of parhculw countnes with wluch the mamfesto country has a specialrelahonshlp, othervnae as 101, but negatwe

103 Anti-Imperialism

Negatwe references to exerting strong influence @ohtIcal, mrktary or eommercml) over otherstates, negatwe references to controlling other countnes as If they were part of an empire,favorable mermons of decolonrzatlon, favorable references to greater selLgovernment andindependence for colorues, negatwe references to the Impemd behawour of the mamfestoand/or other countnes.

104 MIfitary: Positive

Need to mamtam or increase mrhtary expenditure, modermzmg armed forces andmrprovement in mrhtary strength; rearmament and self-defence, need to keep mihtary treatyobhgahons, need to secure adequate manpower m the mlhtary

105 Military: Negative

Favorable menhoos of decreaamg mlhtary expenditures, disarmament,.’’evds of war”,promises to reduce conacnpuon, otherwme as 104, but negatwe

106 Peace

Peace as a general goal, declsrat~ons of behef m peace and peaceful means of aolvmg crises,deslrabdlty of countnes Jommg m negotiations vath hostde muntnes

107 Internationalism: Positive

Need for intematlonsJ cooperation, cooperation with speclhc countnes other than those codedm 101, need for aid to developing countnes, need for world planmng of resources, need formternatlonal courts, support for any mternatlonaf goal or world state, support for UN

124

108 European Community: Positive

Favorable mentions of European Community in generaf; desirability of expanding theEuropean Community and/or of increasing its competence; desirability of the manifestocountry joining (or remaining a member).

109 Internationalism: Negative

Favorable mentions of national independence and sovereignty as opposed tointernationalism; otherwise as 107, but negative.

110 European Community: Negative

Hostile mentions of the European Community; opposition to specific European policies whichare preferred by European authorities; otherwise as 108, but negative.

125

DOMAIN 2: Freedom and Democracy

201 Freedom and Human Rfghts

Favourablc mentions of Importance of personal freedom and cmf rights, freedom frombureaucratic control, freedom of speech, freedom from coercion m the Pohtlcaf and economicspheres, mdwldualr.sm m the mamfesto country and m other countnes

202 Democracy

Favorable mentions of democracy as a method or goal m natlorral and other organmtlons,involvement of all cltrzens m decision-makirrg, as welf as generalized support for themsrufesto country’s democracy

203 Constitutionalism: Positive

Support for speclftc aspects of the constttutlon~ use of constltutionahsm as an argument forpohcy as well as general approval of the constitutional way of doing things

204 Constitutionalism: Negative

Opposmon to the constitution m general or to spectilc aspects, otherwrse as 203, but negatwe

126

DOMAIN 3: Political System

301 Decentralization

Support for federalism or devolutiorr; more regional autonomy for policy or econorn~; supportfor keeping up local and regional customs and symbol? favorable mentions of specialconsideration for local area$ deference to heal expertise.

302 Centralization

Opposition to political decision-making a}lower political levels; support for morecentralization in political and administrate procedures; otherwise as 301, but negative.

303 Governmental and Administrative Eftlciency

Need for efficiency and economy in government and administration; cutting down civilservice; improving governmental procedures general appeal to make the process ofgovernment and administration cheaper and more effective.

304 Political Corruption

Need to eliminate corruption, and associated abuse, in political and public life.

305 Political Authority

Favorable mentions of strong government, including government stability; manifesto party’scompetence to govern and/or other party’s lack of such competence.

127

DOW 4. Economy

401 Free Enterprise

Favorable menhons of free enterpnse capltahsrn, superiority of mdwldurd enterpnse overstate and control systems, favorable mentions of private property rights, personal enterpnseand mltlatrve, need for unhampered mdwldual enterprises

402 Incentives

Need for wage and tax pohcles to reduce enterpnse, encouragement to start enterpnses, needfor fmsnclal and other mcentwes

403 Market Regulation

Need for regufahons desgrred to make private enterprises work better, achona againstmonopohes and trusts, and m defence of consumer and small business, encouraging economiccompetltlon, socml market economy

404 Economic Planning

Favorable menhons of Iong-standmg economic planning of a consultative or mdlcahvenature, need for government to create such a plan

405 Corporatism

Favorable mermons of the need for the mllaboratlon of employers and trade umonorgamzatrons m overall economic planning and direction through the medmm of trlpart]tebodies of govemmen~ employers, and trade umons

406 Protectionism: Positive

Favorable menhons of extension or mruntenance of tariffs to protect mtemaf markets, otherdomestic economic protectlomsm such as quota restrictions

407 Protectionism: Negative

Support for the concept of free trade, otherwise as 406, but negatsve.

408 Economic Goals

Statements of intent to pursue any ecxmomlc goals not covered by other categories m domam4

Note Thrs category Mcreated to catch an overall interest of psrtles m economics and,therefore, covers a variety of emnomlc goals

128

409 Keynesian Demand Management

Demand-oriented economic policy; economic policy devoted to the reduction of depressionsand/or to increase private demand through increasing pubLicdemand and/or throughincreasing social expenditures.

410 Productivity

Need to encourage or facilitate greater production; need to take measures to aid this; appealfor greater production and importance of productivity to the economy; the paradigm ofgrowth:

411 Technology and Infrastructure

Importance of modernization of industry and methods of transport and communication;importance of science and technological developments in industry; need for training andresearch.

Note: This does not imply education in general (see category 506).

412 Controlled Economy

General need for direct government control of economy; control over prices, wages, rents, etc.

413 Nationalization

Government ownership, partiaf or complete, including government ownership of land.

414 Economic Orthodoxy

Need for traditional economic orthodoxy, e.g. reduction of budget deficits, retrenchment incrisis, thrift and savings; support for traditional economic institutions such as stock marketand banking system; support for strong currency.

415 Marxist Analysis

Positive references (typicafly but not necessary by communist pnrties) to the specific use ofMarxist-Leninist terminology and anafysis of situations which are otherwise uncodable.

416 Anti-Growth Economy

Favorable mentions of anti-growth politics and steady state economy; ecologism; “Greenpolitics”.

129

DOMAIN 5: Welfare and Quality of Life

501 Environmental Protection

Prescrvatron of countryside, forests, etc, general preservahon of naturrd resources againstselfrsh interests, proper use of national parks, sod banks, etc, environmental unprovement

502 Culture

Need to prowde cultural and Ielsure facdmea inchrdurg arts and sport, need to spend moneyon museums, art galleries etc., need to encourage worthwhde Ielsure actwihes and culturalmass media

503 Social Justice

‘ Concept of cquahty; need for fau treatment of all people; specmf protechon forundcrpnvdegcd, need for farr dlstr]butlon of resources, removal of class brrrners, end ofdlscrrmmatlon such as racml or sexual dlscnmmatlon, ctc

504 Welfare State Expansion

Favorable mentions of need to mrroducc, mamtam or expand any socd service or soclrdsecurity scheme; support for Social sermces such as health serwce or aoclal housingNote Thrs category excludes education.

505 Welfare State Limitation

Llmltmg expcndlturc on social serwces or social security, otherwme as 504, but rregatwc

506 Education Expansion

Need to expand and/or improve cducatronal prowslon at all levels.Note” This excludes techmcsl trarmng which is coded under 411

507 Education Llmitatlon

Limltrng expenditure on educahon; otherwsc as 506, but negahve.

130

DOMAIN 6: Fabric of Society

601 National Way of Life: Positive

Appeals to patriotism and/or nationalism; suspension of some freedoms in order to protectthe state against subversion; support for established national ideas.

602 National Way of Life: Negative

Against patriotism and/or nationalism; opposition to the existing national state; otherwise as601, but negative.

603 Traditional Morality: Positive

Favorable mentions of traditional moral values; prohibition, censorship and suppression ofimmorality and unseemly behaviour; maintenance and stability of family; religion.

604 Traditional Morality: Negative

Opposition to traditional moral vafues; support for divorce, abortion etc.; otherwise as 603,but negative.

605 Law and Order

Enforcement of all laws; actions against crime; support and resources for police; tougherattitudes in courts.

606 Social Harmony

Appeal for national effort and solidarity; need for society to see itself as united; appeal forpublic spiritedness; decrying anti-social attitudes in times of crisis; support for the publicinterest.

607 Multiculturalism: Positive

Cultural diversity, communalism, culturaf plurality and pillarization; preservation ofautonomy of religious, linguistic heritages within the country including special educationalprovisions.

608 Mrdtfculturatism: Negative

Enforcement or encouragement of culturaf integration; otherwise as 607, but negative.

131

DOMAIN 7 Social Groups

701 LaborsrGroups: Positive

Favorable references to labour groups, worfung class, unemployed, support for trade umons,good treatment of manual and other employees

702 Labour Groups: Negative

Abuse of power of trade umons, otherwise as 701, but negatwe

703 Agriculture and Farmers

Support for agriculture and farmers, any pohcy armed specficalfy at benetitmg these.

704 Middle Class and professional Groups

Favorable references to middle class, professional groups, such as physicians or lawyers, oldand new middle class

705 Underprivileged Minority Grmups

Favorable references to underprwrlegcd mmorlhes who are defined neither m economic norm demographic terms, e g the handicapped, homosexuals, unmlgrarrts, etc.

706 Non-economic Demographic Groups

Favorable mentions of, or need for, a.wstance to women, old people, young people,hngulsuc groups, etc, special interest groups of all kinds

I

4. Data Listing

The following listing provides an overview of the variables Country, Party, Date, Year,Synyear, the percentage of uncoded (quasi-) sentences and the total number of sentences forthe 1393 cases in the dataset CMPR3.

The cases have been checked with respect to their internal coherence. The sum of all 56content analytic variables (perlOl to per706), plus the percentage of uncoded (quasi-)sentences (variable Uncoded) should amount to 100 percent. Deviations of +/- 1 percent aredue to rounding errors. The column Sum gives these sums for all cases.

The numbers of uncoded (quasi-) sentences are missing for Sweden (1944-1982) andNorway (1945-1989). Therefore, the sums (perlOl to per706 plus Uncoded) do not add up to100 percent. The total numbers of coded (quasi-) sentences for Norway 1989 are missing aswell.

133

11.00 11110.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11220.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11320.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.0011.00 11420.00

uA’1’E

198809.0194809.0195209.0195609.0195806.0196009.0196409.0196809.0197009.0197309.0197609.0197909.0198209.0198509.0198809.0194809.0195209.0195609.0195806.0196009.0196409.0196809.0197009.0197309.0197609.0197909.0198209.0198509.0198809.0194809.0195209.0195609.0195806.0196009.0196409.0196809.0197009.0197309.0197609.0197909.0198209.0198509.0198809.0

UNLUUEU

32.40.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00

27.5023.60

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.0029.6014.30

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.0018.9016.10

TOTAL

71.0050.0091.00

119.00429.00

84.0061.00

206.0078.00

123.00185.00243.00207.00236.00229.00120.00120.00163.00600.00389.00

1255.0056.00

197.0041.0070.00

151.00124.00

81.0063.0087.00

106.00146.00

51.0046.00

336.0097.00

123.00149.00143.00462.00123.00201.00299.00

SUM

100.00,84.0092.4088.8091.9066.60

,51.7070.40<78.1086.1085.1092.6085.3099.70

100.30:90.7081.50(91.20

67.50,77.io,56:0078.80

,92.,9066.70

,83.,00(85.6080.40

,99.90100.10

79.3089.1092.8092.5087.3080.9081.3088.4088.3094.5089.1091.80

100.10100.10

134

COUNTRY PARTY DATE , ,..,. nr. -..

11.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11620.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.0011.00 11810.00

194809.0195209.0195609.0195806.0196009.0196409.0196809.0197009.0197309.0197609.0197909.0198209.0198509.0198809.0194809.0195209.0195609.0195806.0196009.0196409.0196809.0197009.0197309.0197609.0197909.0198209.0198509.0198809.0

ULVLUUI!.U

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.001.00

24.60.00.00.00.00.00

11.91.00.00.00.00.00.00

6.0010.40

TOTAL

34.00122.00118.00130.00354.00

53.00244.00

47.0076.00

103.00127.00140.00104.00183.00140.00

64.00110.00126.00151.00235.00645.00

96.00167.00296.00280.00339.00168.00

96.00

SUM

100.0061.3087.2076.9053.7060.4052.8093.7097.0092.4092.2091.80

100.1099.7093.9093.0093.1092.3093.60

100.0095.3098.0098.5097.2098.1096.0097.6099.80

135

CVUNTRY Pl+n’r r

12.00 12220.0012.00 12220.0012.00 12220.0012.00 12220.0012.00 12221.0012.00 12221.0012.00 12221.00

194510.0194910.0195310.0195710.0196109.0196509.0196909.0

12.00 12221.00 197309.012.00 12221.00 197709.012.00 12221.00 198109.012.00 12221.00 198509.012.00 12320.0012.00 12320.0012.00 12320.0012.00 12320.0012.00 12320.0012.00 12320.0012.00 12320.0012.00 12320.0012.00 12320.0012.00 12320.0012.00 12320.0012.00 12410.0012.00 12420.0012.00 12420.0012.00 12420.00

194510.0194910.0195310.0195710.0196109.0196509.0196909.0197309.0197709.0198109.0198509.0197309.0194510.0194910.0195310.0

12.0012.0012.0012.0012.0012.0012.0012.00

12420.00 195710.012420.00 196109.012420.00 196509.012420.00 196909.012420.00 197309.012420.00 197709.012420.00 198109.012420.00 198509.0

UNLUUl!iU .Iutw

.00 156.00

.00 164.00

.00 331.00

.00 106.00

.00 317.00

.00 383.00

.00 330.00

.00 164.00

.00 1040.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00 1058.00

.00 1658.00

.00 501.00361.00607.00360.00470.00610.00772.00003.00884.00084.00991.00

.00 1016.00

.00 153.00

.00 108.00

.00 190.00

.00 188.00

.00 297.00

.00 377.00

.00 835.00

.00 660.00

.00 852.00

.00 1354.00

.00 1092.00

SUM

87.1082.2057.1094.9089.1099.1091.7086.9097.3098.0097.3099.2089.0099.6098.5098.5097.9098.2099.0098.1098.9099.0098.8088.2088.1099.8099.8095.6099.8098.6098.0098.9098.7098.90

136

COUNTRY PARTY

12.00 12520.0012.00 12520.0012.00 12520.0012.00 12520.0012.00 12520.0012.00 12520.0012.00 12520.0012.00 12520.0012.00 12520.0012.00 12520.0012.00 12520.0012.00 12620.0012.00 12620.0012.00 12620.0012.00 12620.0012.00 12620.0012.00 12620.0012.00 12620.0012.00 12620.0012.00 12620.0012.00 12620.0012.00 12620.0012.00 12810.0012.00 12810.0012.00 12810.0012.00 12810.0012.00 12810.0012.00 12810.0012.00 12810.0012.00 12810.0012.00 12810.0012.00 12810.0012.00 12810.0012.00 12951.0012.00 12951.0012.00 12951.0012.00 12951.00

DATE

194510.0194910.0195310.0195710.0196109.0196509.0196909.0197309.0197709.0198109.0198509.0194510.0194910.0195310.0195710.0196109.0196509.0196909.0197309.0197709.0198109.0198509.0194510.0194910.0195310.0195710.0196109.0196509.0196909.0197309.0197709.0198109.0198509.0197309.0197709.0198109.0198509.0

UNCODED

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

TOTAL

47.00129.00163.00211.00281.00425.00496.00830.00824.00759.00849.00183.00168.00228.00807.00719.00912.00668.00773.00

1238.001740.002104.00

94.00162.00209.00172.00274.00445.00541.00906.00

1126.001224.001106.00

47.001203.00

891.00.00 856.00

SUM

100.00100.10

89.2089.3089.8097.9097.5099.6099.5099.40

100.1097.7090.5089,9097.5099.7098.1098.9099.4099.0099.9098.5099.1089.7080.5090.00

100.3099.3098.4099.9099.8099.1099.3099.9097.9098.4098.40

137

COUNTRY PARTY DATE

13.00 13210.00 196801.013.00 13210.00 197109.013.00 13210.00 197312.013.00 13210.00 197501.013.00 13210.00 197702.013.00 13210.00 197910.013.00 13210.00 198112.013.00 13210.00 198401.013.00 13220.00 194510.013.00 13220.00 194710.013.00 13220.00 195009.013.00 13220.00 195304.013.00 13220.00 195309.013.00 13220.00 195705.013.00 13220.00 196011.013.00 13220.00 196409.013.00 13220.00 196611.013.00 13220.00 196801.013.00 13220.00 197109.013.00 13220.00 197312.013.00 13220.00 197501.013.00 13220.00 197702.013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.00

13220.00 19791,0.013220.00 198112.013220.00 198401.013221.00 198709.013230.00 196011.013230.00 196409.013230.00 196611.013230.00 196801.013230.00 197109.013230.00 197312.013230.00 197501.013230.00 197702.013230.00 197910.013230.00 198112.013230.00 19840i.O13230.00 198709.013230.00 198805.0

UNCODED

12.6087.9089.3050.8053.3030.8038.9033.8026.6026.3021.4038.6042.3725.7022.8038.7034.4036.4032.6045.3049.3057.1035.9031.1025.23

5.8317.3036.5038.8051.2026.4060.9024.7031.7017.7022.50

6.5034.5212.82

TOTAL

87.0091.00

225.0059.0090.0052.0095.00

287.00128.00

57.0056.0057.0059.00

105.00123.00

75.0032.0022.00

129.0086.0069.0056.0039.0045.00

107.00103.00

75.00156.00103.00217.00250.00

87.0093.00

145.00180.00329.00354.00197.00351.00

SUM

100.40100.00

99.80100.10

99.70100.00

99.90100.00100.20100.70100.30100.40100.00100.30100.10100.20

99.90100.20100.00100.10100.60100.30100.20

99.70100.00100.00100.10100.10100.00

99.50100.90100.10100.40100.10100.00

99.80100.00100.00100.00

COUNTRY PARTY DATE UNCODED

13.00 13320.00 194510.013.00 13320.00 194710.013.00 13320.00 195009.013.00 13320.00 195304.013.00 13320.00 195309.013.00 13320.00 195705.013.00 13320.00 196011.013.00 13320.00 196409.013.00 13320.00 196611.013.00 13320.00 196801.013.00 13320.00 197109.013.00 13320.00 197312.013.00 13320.00 197501.013.00 13320.00 197702.013.00 13320.00 197910.013.00 13320.00 198112.013.00 13320.00 198401.013.00 13320.00 198709.013.00 13320.00 198805.013.00 13330.00 197312.013.00 13330.00 197501.013.00 13330.00 197702.013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.00

13330.0013330.0013330.0013330.0013330.0013410.0013410.0013410.0013410.0013410.00

197910.0198112.0198401.0198709.0198805.0194510.0194710.0195009.0195304.0195309.0

13.00 13410.00 195705.013.00 13410.00 196011.013.00 13410.00 196409.013.00 13410.00 196611.013.00 13410.00 196801.013.00 13410.00 197109.013.00 13410.00 197312.013.00 13410.00 197501.013.00 13410.00 197702.013.00 13410.00 197910.013.00 13410.00 198112.013.00 13410.00 198401.013.00 13410.00 198709.013.00 13410.00 198805.0

37.5044.6052.3046.6044.7032.30

9.7012.4064.3059.0026.2065.2039.1044.70

6.8041.5020.71

3.2317.6542.4044.0060.9033.9036.9034.9741.1828.8525.0020.5057.1025.60

8.5018.5011.9023.0042.3039.7048.7050.0045.5057.4017.4024.3029.6016.6726.09

TOTAL

48.00139.00

65.00163.00103.00158.00155.00185.00305.00

61.0042.0066.00

115.0047.00

132.00106.00169.00124.00153.00184.00

50.0087.0059.0057.00

163.00102.00104.00

64.0078.0021.0039.0071.0054.0067.0091.0052.0063.0037.0050.0022.0047.0035.00

181.00321.00

60.00184.00

SUM

100.30100.10

99.6099.40

100.20100.00

99.20100.00100.00

99.70100.10

99.90100.40

99.90100.20

99.80100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.20100.20100.00100.00100.00100.30100.30100.20100.20

99.7099.80

100.20100.00

99.70100.40100.00100.00100.30

99.80100.40

99.80100.00100.00100.00

139

COUNTRY

13.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.0013.00

PARTY DATE

13420.00 194510.013420.00 194710.013420.00 195009.013420.00 195304.013420.00 195309.013420.00 195705.013420.00 196011.013420.00 196409.013420.00 196611.013420.00 196801.013420.00 197109.013420.00 197312.013420.00 197501.013420.00 197702.013420.00 197910.013420.00 198112.013420.00 198401.013420.00 198709.013420.00 198805.013421.00 195309.013421.00 195705.013421.00 196011.013421.00 196409.013421.00 196611.013421.00 196801.013422.00 196611.013422.00 196801.013520.00 197109.013520.00 197312.013520.00 197501.013520.00 197702.013520.00 197910.013520.00 198112.013520.00 198401.013520.00 198709.013520.00 198805.0

UNCODED

41.0081.3045.0082.4040.4044.1019.3044.4041.8048.40

,32.4025.8025.4029.6011.4020.5027.4710.2117.5025.0078.7234.5217.1927.0340.7916.7634.8862.8012.20

, 12.5018.4021.4019.3018.5317.7030.25

TOTAL

61.00123.00

40.0034.0047.0068.0057.0045.0055.00

128.0071.0066.0067.0098.0044.0078.00

659.00284.00

40.0024.00

141.0084.0064.00

111.0076.00

185.0086.0051.0041.0032.0038.0098.00

466.00286.00226.00119.00

SUM

99.8099.80

100.0099.8099.8099.90

100.3099.7099.60

100.0099.00

100.00100.30

99.80100.80100.80100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.30100.00100.00

99.8099.9099.70

100.00100.00100.00

140

COUNTRY PARTY DATE

13.00 13620.00 194510.013.00 13620.00 194710.013.00 13620.00 195009.013.00 13620.00 195304.013.00 13620.00 195309.013.00 13620.00 195705.013.00 13620.00 196011.013.00 13620.00 196409.013.00 13620.00 196611.013.00 13620.00 196801.013.00 13620.00 197109.013.00 13620.00 197312.013.00 13620.00 197501.013.00 13620.00 197702.013.00 13620.00 197910.013.00 13620.00 198112.013.00 13620.00 198401.013.00 13620.00 198709.013.00 13620.00 198805.013.00 13951.00 197312.013.00 13951.00 197501.013.00 13951.00 197702.013.00 13951.00 197910.013.00 13951.00 198112.013.00 13951.00 198401.013.00 13951.00 198709.013.00 13951.00 198805.013.00 13952.00 194510.013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13952.0013.00 13953.00

194710.0195009.0195304.0195309.0195705.0196011.0196409.0196611.0196801.0197109.0197312.0197501.0197702.0197910.0198112.0198401.0194510.0

UNCODED

78.2034.6028.6082.9012.1033.3021.9012.2053.6025.5012.3035.5031.9042.4022.7013.2022.4512.3620.0040.7024.2065.4021.6029.3021.7944.2533.3352.9056.0068.0045.6017.9061.90

8.308.70

27.1426.0043.3031.0047.6044.40

8.4025.7022.9219.12

TOTAL

133,0026.0042.00

111.0066.0036,00

128.0082.0028.0094.00

105.0031.0072.0059.0075,0091.0049.00

178.0025,0081.00

244.00205.00

37.0041.00

179.00174.00

75,0087.00

134,00156.00169.00

56.0063,0048.0023.0070.0077.0030.0058.0042.0054.00

143.0035.0048.00

136.00

SUM

100.6099.90

100.20100.00100.10100.30100.10

99.90100.00100.00100.30

99.90100.30100.20100.00100.10100.00100.00100.00

99.6099.80

100.2099.9099.80

100.00100.00100.00100.00100.20

99.90100.30100.20100.10100.10100.40100.00100.10

99.9099.70

100.0099.50

100.20100.20100.00100.00

141

COUNTRY PARTY JJAI’K

21.00 21320.00 194602.021.00 21320.00 194906.021.00 21320.00 195006.021.00 21320.00 195404.021.00 21320.00 195806.021.00 21320.00 196103.021.00 21320.00 196505.021.00 21320.00 196803.021.00 21320.00 197111.021.00 21320.00 197403.021.00 21320.00 197704.021.00 21321.00 197704.021.00 21321.00 197812.021.00 21321.00 198111.021.00 21321.00 198510.021.00 21321.00 198712.021.00 21322.00 197812.021.00, 21322.00 198111.021.00 21322.00 198510.021.00 21322.00 198712.021.00 21323.00 197704.021.00 21324.00 197704.021.00 21420.00 194602.021.00 21420.00 194906.021.00 21420.00 195006.021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.00

2142021420214202142021420214202142121421

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.0021421.0021421.0021421.0021421.0021422.0021422.0021422.0021422.0021422.0021422.0021424.0021424.0021424.0021424.00

1954041958061961031965051968031971111974031977041978121981111985101987121974031977041978121981111985101987i2197111197403197704197812

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0,.0,.,.;.0

UNLUIJ&U

41.201.108.105.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.009.685.202.215.00

.00

.004.334.09

.003.2I31.909.10

24.1011.40

.525.064.533.17

.0011.57

7.521.09

29.806.282.31

.622.02

.43; 12.31

11.639’.621.25

.00

.00

.00

119.00527.00

74.00100.00313.00128.00504.00199.00304.00210.00932.00200.00723.00

1404.001989.00

700.00781.00

1878.00785.00563.00217.00

61.0052.0066.0087.00

245.00382.00

79.00662.00473.00484.00216.00479.00275.00198.00716.00130.00161.00347.00699.00455.00

1161.001362.00

320.0041.00

109.0054.00

SUM

99.90100.40

99.60100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100,.00100.00100,.00100.00100.00100.00100,.00100.00100.00100.00100.00

99.70100.00100.00

99.60100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00‘1OO.OO100.00100.00100.00100.00

142

CUUN’lKY kJwr Y U/i’r&

21.00 21520.00 194602.021.00 21520.00 194906.021.00 21520.00 195006.021.00 21520.00 195404.021.00 21520.00 195806.021.00 21520.00 196103.021.00 21520.00 196505.021.00 21520.00 197111.021.00 21520.00 197403.021.00 21520.00 197704.021.00 21521.00 196803.021.00 21521.00 197403.021.00 21521.00 197704.021.00 21521.00 197812.021.00 21521.00 198111.021.00 21521.00 198510.021.00 21521.00 198712.021.00 21522.00 196803.021.00 21522.00 197111.021.00 21522.00 197403.021.00 21522.00 197704.021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.0021.00

21522.00 197812.021522.00 198111.021522.00 198510.021522.00 198712.021523.00 197403.021523.00 197704.021524.00 197403.021524.00 197704.021911.00 197111.021911.00 197403.021911.00 197704.021911.00 197812.021911.00 198111.021912.00 196803.021912.00 197111.021912.00 197403.021912.00 197704.021912.00 197812.021912.00 198111.0

21.00 21912.0021.00 21913.0021.00 21913.0021.00 21913.0021.00 21913.0021.00 21913.0021.00 21913.0021.00 21913.0021.00 21913.0021.00 21913.0021.00 21913.0021.00 21991.0021.00 21992.00

198510.0196103.0196505.0196803.0197111.0197403.0197704.0197812.0198111.0198510.0198712.0197812.0197403.0

11.408.808.205.60

.0042.8611.54

.00

.00

.004.216.45

14.7014.17

5.409.327.33

17.794.76

12.632.86

.4411.81

8.4816.63

5.7716.2828.57

5.56.00.00.00.00.06.92.00.72.00.28.34

14.1833.8946.0936.19

3.709.37

12.2733.17

5.978.489.62

.002.78

210.00363.00366.00624.00105.00

63.00130.00359.00868.00626.00523.00217.00517.00614.00

1166.00730.00709.00281.00

63.0095.00

175.00686.00

1194.00448.00415.00104.00172.00

21.0054.00

234.00611.00210.00

1581.001727.00

218.00586.00835.00882.00709.00

1168.00649.00478.00371.00525.00541.00758.00220.00205.00201.00165.00208.00

66.0072.00

SUM

100.0099,60

100.2099.80

100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100,00100,00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00

143

COUNTRY PARTY DATE

22.00 22310.00 197103.022.00 22310.00 197705.022.00 22310.00 198209.022.00 22310.00 198605.022.00 22320.00 194605.022.00 22320.00 194807.022.00 22320.00 195206.022.00 22320.00 195606.022.00 22320.00 195903.022.00 22320.00 196305.022.00 22320.00 196702.022.00 22320.00 197103.022.00 22320.00 197705.022.00 22320.00 198105.022.00 22320.00 198209.022.00 22320.00 198605.022.00 22330.00 196702.022.00 22330.00 197103.0

. 22.00 22330.00 197705.022.00 22330.00 198105.022.00 22330.00 198209.022.00 22330.00 198605.022.00 22420.00 194605.022.00 22420.00 194807.022.00 22420.00 195206.022.00 22420.00 195606.022.00 22420.00 195903.022.00 22420.00 196305.022.00 22420.00 196702.022.00 22420.00 197103.022.00 22420.00 197211.022.00 22420.00 197705.022.00 22420.00 198105.022.00 22420.00 198209.022.00 22420.00 198605.022.00 22521.00 197705.022.00 22521.00 198105.022.00 22521.00 198209.022.00 22521.00 198605.022.00 22522.00 194605.022.00 22522.00 194807.022.00 22522.00 195206.022.00 22522.00 195606.022.00 22522.00 195903.022.00 22522.00 196305.022.00 22522.00 196702.022.00 22522.00 197103.0

UNCODED

10.002.10

17.8022.8011.10

7.2011.0010.1020.3016.30

8.804.605.608.602.404.406.30

11.8011.4010.60

6.105.406.90

.00

.0031.6024.2016.4013.80

6.8013.10

2.606.003.204.30

10.9010.90

6.503.108.606.605.106.10

10.405.307.106.50

TOTAL

140.001122.00

213.001344.00

81.00181.00137.00288.00

74.00179.00114.00434.00963.00

1493.00767.00

1718.00206.00

1332.00422.00

1634.001982.001289.00

72.0025.0052.00

263.00330.00506.00557.00

1156.0061.00

961.001308.00

317.001587.00

746.002167.002055.002063.00

151.0062.00

309.00504.00

77.00114.00155.00367.00

SUM

99.80100.30100.10100.20100.10

99.90100.00

99.9099.70

100.40100.20100.10100.10100.30100.20100.30100.10100.10

99.90100.10100.90100.40100.50100.00

99.5099.9099.70

100.10100.60100.30100.00

99.80100.30100.00100.10100.00100.10100.40

99.90100.50

99.9099.90

100.40100.10100.20

99.7099.90

144

COUNTRY PARTY

22.00 22523.0022.00 22523.0022.00 22523.0022.00 22523.0022.00 22523.0022.00 22523.0022.00 22523.0022.00 22523.0022.00 22524.0022.00 22524.0022.00 22524.0022.00 22525.0022.00 22525.0022.00 22525.0022.00 22525.0022.00 22525.0022.00 22525.0022.00 22525.0022.00 22991.0022.00 22991.0022.00 22992.0022.00 22992.0023.00 23112.00

DATE

194605.0194807.0195206.0195606.0195903.0196305.0196702.0197103.0197103.0197211.0197705.0194605.0194807.0195606.0195903.0196305.0196702.0197103.0197103.0197211.0197103.0197211.0198406.0

UNCODED

1.506.806.205.504.907.606.607.105.103.906.10

17.5016.2012.5018.80

9.109.607.50

16.903.904.502.60

.00

TOTAL

67.00147.00161.00199.00142.00211.00393.00709.00156.00354.00479.00

64.0068.0056.0064.0044.00

125.00837.00349.00774.00333.00229.00

1211.00

SUM

100.50100.20

99.8099.5099.50

100.40100.20

99.50100.10100.40

99.80100.40100.20100.50100.30100.20100.00

99.90100.50100.10

99.90100.40100.50

145


23.00 23220.0023.00 23220.0023.00 23220.0023.00 23220.0023.00 23220.0023.00 23220.0023.00 23220.0023.00 23220.0023.00 23220.0023.00 23320.0023.00 23320.0023.00 23320.0023.00 23320.0023.00 23320.0023.00 23320.0023.00 23320.0023.00 23320.0023.00 23320.0023.00 23320.0023.00 23420.0023.00 23420.0023.00 23420.0023.00 23420.0023.00 23420.0023.00 23420.0023.00 23420.0023.00 23420.0023.00 23520.0023.00 23520.0023.00 23520.0023.00 23520.0023.00 ‘23520.0023.00 23520.0023.00 23520.0023.00 23520.0023.00 23520.0023.00 23520.00

194806.0195106.0195405.0195902.0196406.0196812.0197405.0197906.0198406.0194510.0194806.0195106.0195405.0195902.0196406.0196812.0197405.0197906.0198406.0195106.0195405.0195902.0196406.0196812.0197405.0197906.0198406.0194510.0194806.0195106.0195405.0195902.0196406.0196812.0197405.0197906.0198406.0

.0017.78

.001.90

30.5916.59

1.37.00.13

5.61.00.00.00

3.171.63

13.78.80.00.41

19.4913.33

1.008.06

.002.785.663.354.276.61

.009.622.712.034.221.333.00

TOTAL

49.0090.0023.00

369.0085.00

464.00583.00

63.00741.00107.00

54.0069.00

340.00410.00674.00595.00624.00986.00734.00118.00

30.00598.00310.00217.00792.00937.00775.00117.00227.00168.00104.00369.00148.00166.00603.00666.00

.10 1001.00

SUM

100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100,00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00

146


31.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.0031.00

31220.00 194611.031220.00 195106.031220.00 195601.031220.00 195811.031220.00 196211.031220.00 196703.031220.00 196903.031220.00 197303.031220.00 197803.031220.00 198106.031220.00 198603.031220.00 198806.031320.00 194611.031320.00 195106.031320.00 195601.031320.00 195811.031320.00 196211.031320.00 197303.031320.00 197803.031320.00 198106.031320.0031320.0031421.0031421.0031421.0031421.0031521.0031521.0031521.0031521.0031522.0031522.00

198603.0198806.0194611.0195601.0195811.0196211.0194611.0195601.0195811.0196211.0196703.0196803.0

31.00 31621.00 195106.031.00 31621.00 195811.031.00 31621.00 196211.031.00 31621.00 196703.031.00 31621.00 196803.031.00 31621.00 197303.031.00 31621.00 197803.031.00 31621.00 198603.031.00 31621.00 198806.031.00 31622.00 194611.031.00 31622.00 195601.031.00 31622.00 195811.031.00 31622.00 196211.031.00 31623.00 195601.031.00 31991.00 197303.031.00 31992.00 198106.031.00 31993.00 196703.031.00 31993.00 196803.031.00 31994.00 197303.031.00 31995.00 197803.0

4.883.57

.85

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.002.802.892.85

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.0014.97

2.67.00.00

26.834.11

.00

.00

.00

.001.72

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.0010.41

7.02.00.00

10.05.00.00.00.00.00.00

TOTAL

164.00308.00353.00

72.00149.00

94.00126.00242.00254.00

84.00119.00

55.00464.00173.00246.00

46.00113.00246.00250.00132.00

82.00118.00187.00

75.0050.00

198.00287.00146.00159.00

90.0042.0048.00

116.00266.00374.00

65.0051.00

127.00146.00

79.0047.00

365.00242.00243.00156.00219.00204.00112.00134.00

59.00111.00108.00

SUM

100.00100.00100.00100.40100.00100.40100.40100.00100.20100.50

98.9099.50

100.00100.00100.00

99.90100.10

99.80100.00

99.8099.9099.80

100.00100.00100.00

99.60100.00100.00100.00

99.80100.10100.40100.00100.00

99.7099.90

100.00100.10

99.70100.10100.10100.00100.00

99.5099.90

100.00100.60100.70

99.80100.30

99.90100.20

147

COUNTRY PARTY

32.00 32110.0032.00 32210.0032.00 32211.0032.00 32211.0032.00 32220.0032.00 32220.0032.00 32220.0032.00 32220.0032.00 32220.0032.00 32220.0032.00 32220.0032.00 32220.0032.00 32220.0032.00 32220.0032.00 32220.003232323232323232323232323232323232

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

32310.0032320.0032320.0032320.0032320.0032320.0032320.0032320.0032320.0032320.0032320.0032320.0032330.0032330.0032330.0032330.0032330.00

32.00 32330.0032.00 32330.0032.00 32330.0032.00 32330.0032.00 32410.0032.00 32410.0032.00 32410.0032.00 32410.0032.00 32410.0032.00 32410.0032.00 32410.0032.00 32410.0032.00 32410.0032.00 32410.00

DATE

198706.0198306.0197606.0198306.0194606.0194804.0195306.0195805.0196304.0196805.0197205.0197606.0197906.0198306.0198706.0197606.0194606.0194804.0195306.0195805.0196304.0196805.0197205.0197606.0197906.0198306.0198706.0194804.0195306.0195805,.0196304.0197205.0197606.0197906.0198306.0198706.0194606.0194804.0195805.0196304.0196805.0197205.0197606.0197906.0198306.0198706.0

UNCODED

.0032.5061.0426.6722.6237.1420.2231.1036.6031.19

, 17.6616.33

9.1335.95

2.1125.5324.2434.4854.7422.50

7.0859.3527.5110.4015.5510.36

.0027.91

r, 21.4336.11

22.9537.4030.0244.8436.13

8.6276.9834.48

9.6534.3530.0019.3121.8642.0612.0111.86

TOTAL

172.00440.00308.00180.00

84.0035.0089.00

373.00235.00295.00419.00490.00876.00943.00284.00282.00264.00

29.0095.00

360.00749.00123.00229.00202.00733.00637.00283.00516.00

56.00108.00

61.00131.00433.00281.00274.00290.00126.00

58.00114.00457.00130.00202.00215.00252.00508.00118.00

SUM

100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100>00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100,00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00

148

COUNTRY PARTY

32.00 32420.0032.00 32420.0032.00 32420.0032.00 32420.0032.00 32420.0032.00 32420.0032.00 32420.0032.00 32420.0032.00 32420.0032.00 32420.0032.00 32420.0032.00 32520.0032.00 32520.0032.00 32520.0032.00 32520.0032.00 32520.0032.00 32520.0032.00 32520.0032.00 32520.0032.00 32520.0032.00 32520.0032.00 32520.0032.00 32710.0032.00 32710.0032.00 32710.0032.00 32710.0032.00 32710.0032.00 32710.0032.00 32710.0032.00 32710.0032.00 32710.0032.00 32710.00

DATE

194606.0194804.0195306.0195805.0196304.0196805.0197205.0197606.0197906.0198306.0198706.0194606.0194804.0195306.0195805.0196304.0196805.0197205.0197606.0197906.0198306.0198706.0194804.0195306.0195805.0196304.0196805.0197205.0197606.0197906.0198306.0198706.0

U14CODED

31.2535.0052.2962.7758.6510.4759.5110.2139.94

8.28.52

58.3328.5715.9614.9119.8729.4622.3217.5538.4622.86

.9486.2127.6748.4178.7063.3659.3586.1560.4724.54

.00

TOTAL

32.0020.00

218.0094.00

208.00172.00205.00431.00338.00338.00191.00

48.0042.0094.00

114.00478.00482.00224.00473.00143.00420.00847.00

58.00159.00157.00324.00232.00214.00130.00129.00599.00

41.00

SUM

100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00

149

COUNTRY PARTY

41.00 41111.0041.00 41111.0041.00 41220.0041.00 41320.0041.00 41320.0041.00 41320.0041.00 41320.0041.00 41320.0041.00 41320.0041.00 41320.0041.00 41320.0041.00 41320.0041.00 41320.0041.00 41320.0041.00 41420.0041.00 41420.0041.00 41420.0041.00 41420.0041.00 41420.0041.00 41420.0041.00 41420.0041.00 41420.0041.00 41420.0041.00 41420.0041.00 41420.0041.00 41521.0041.00 41521.0041.00 41521.0041.00 41521.0041.00 41521.0041.00 41521.0041.00 41521.0041.00 41521.0041.00 41521.0041.00 41521.0041.00 41521.0041.00 41522.0041.00 41522.0041.00 41620.0041.00 41620.0041.00 41620.0041.00 41711.0041.00 41712.0041.00 41911.0041.00 41912.0041.00 41951.00

DATE

198303.0198701.0194908.0194908.0195309.0195709.0196109.0196509.0196909.0197211.0197610.0198010.0198303.0198701.0194908.0195309.0195709.0196109.0196509.0196909.0197211.0197610.0198010.0198303.0198701.0194908.0195309.0195709.0196109.0196509.0196909.0197211.0197610.0198010.0198303.0198701.0194908.0195309.0194908.0195309.0195709.0194908.0194908.0194908.0194908.0195309.0

UNCODED

.00

.002.306.10

.005.901.202.10

.008.30

.00

.701.30

.401.902.204.307.504.204.70

.006.804.005.107.304.802.50

.002.30

.0011.00

5.707.301.507.303.704.303.30

14.306.002.505.50

10.009.50

.00

.00

TOTAL

164.00492.00

88.0049.0081.0068.00

172.00439.00115.00180.00202.00285.00237.00281.00107.00

89.0069.00

107.00212.00150.00174.00235.00645.00275.00205.00147.00121.00

52.0043.00

125.00118.00175.00179.00264.00137.00273.00

23.0030.0035.0084.0040.0073.0020.0021.0019.0015.00

SUM

99.8099.3099.9099.4099.90

100.10100.10100.00

99.90100.30100.10100.60

99.60100.00100.00

99.5099.2099.60

100.10100.20100.60100.20

99.9099.90

100.20100.00100.50100.20100.10100.00

99.2099.80

100.30100.40

99.90100.30

99.50100.00100.20100.50 “100.00

99.60100.00100.30100.20100.10

150

42.00 42110.0042.00 42320.0042.00 42320.0042.00 42320.0042.00 42320.0042.00 42320.0042.00 42320.0042.00 42320.0042.00 42320.0042.00 42320.0042.00 42320.0042.00 42320.0042.00 42320.0042.00 42420.0042.00 42420.0042.00 42420.0042.00 42420.0042.00 42420.0042.00 42420.0042.00 42420.0042.00 42420.0042.00 42420.0042.00 42420.0042.00 42420.0042.00 42520.0042.00 42520.0042.00 42520.0042.00 42520.0042.00 42520.0042.00 42520.0042.00 42520.0042.00 42520.0042.00 42520.0042.00 42520.0042.00 42520.0042.00 42520.00

uA’1’n

198611.0194910.0195302.0195605.0195905.0196211.0196603.0197003.0197110.0197510.0197905.0198304.0198611.0194910.0195302.0195605.0195905.0196211.0197003.0197110.0197510.0197905.0198304.0198611.0194910.0195302.0195605.0195905.0196211.0196603.0197003.0197110.0197510.0197905.0198304.0198611.0

UNLUULU

.90

.001.302.00

.00

.00

.0022.90

5.105.80

.006.507.00

.00

.00

.00

.60

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.006.30

.00

.00

.00

.002.301.90

.005.00

10.00

TOTAL

436.0059.0078.00

102.00100.00147.00286.00

35.00196.00293.00541.00692.00374.00104.00

78.0024.00

306.0057.00

276.00267.00109.00175.00430.00174.00

56.00123.00

48.00238.00143.00200.00626.00213.00316.00140.00182.00

SUM

100.20100.30100.00100.10100.00100.10

99.80100.20

99.80100.10100.10100.60100.30100.10100.10100.50100.00100.20100.20100.20100.10

99.9099.90

100.20100.30

99.90100.40100.00100.10100.10100.40

99.90100.10

99.80100.80

120.00 99.90

151

COUNTRY PARTY DATE

51.00 51320.00 194507.0

UNCODED

13.50

TOTAL

567.0051.00 51320.00 195002.0 41.80 261.0051.00 51320.00 195110.0 25.20 131.0051.00 51320.00 195505.0 13.10 175.0051.00 51320.00 195910.0 25.50 275.00

43.10 561.0051.00 51320.00 196410.051.00 51320.00 196603.051.00 51320.00 197006.051.00 51320.00 197402.051.00 51320.00 197410.051.00 51320.00 197905.051.00 51320.00 198306.051.00 51320.00 198706.051.00 51420.0051.00 51420.0051.00 51420.00,51.00 51420.0051.00 51420.0051.00 51420.0051.00 51420.0051.00 51420.0051.00 51420.0051.00 51420.0051.00 51420.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51620.0051.00 51991.0051.00 51991.00

194507.0195002.0195110.0195505.0195910.0196410.0196603.0197006.0197402.0197410.0197905.0194507.0195002.0195110.0195505.0195910.0196410.0196603.0197006.0197402.0197410.0197905.0198306.0198706.0198306.0198706.0

17.203.60

13.0024.50

8.9010.10

3.5714.4034.50

2.206.10

19.408.50

29.402.10

17.0026.60

4.1011.7017.3053.6011.0022.8018.9032.8013.5013.2018.5012.2010.20

3.6314.70

3.33

488.00527.00338.00514.00429.00

1455.00561.00250.00333.00138.00197.00155.00233.00252.00

94.00998.00331.00266.00326.00365.00138.00789.00333.00460.00448.00436.00

1038.00367.00409.00774.00

1047.00741.00960.00

SUM

100.20100.50100.20100.00100.20100.00

99.30100.10100.30100.10100.20

99.90100.00100.00

99.90100.50100.20

99.70100.00100.50100.20

99.8099.70

100.2099.5099.90

100.10100.10100.60

99.8099.80

100.1099.9099.8099.8099.90

100.0099.90

100.00

152

COUNTRY PARTY DATE

52.00 52320.0052.00 52320.0052.00 52320.0052.00 52320.0052.00 52320.0052.00 52320.0052.00 52320.0052.00 52620.0052.00 52620.0052.00 52620.0052.00 52620.0052.00 52620.0052.00 52620.0052.00 52620.0052.00 52620.0052.00 52710.0052.00 52710.0052.00 52710.0052.00 52710.0052.00 52710.0052.00 52710.00

194506.0194902.0195310.0195803.0196303.0196511.0196902.0194506.0194902.0195310.0195803.0196303.0196511.0196902.0197307.0194506.0194902.0195803.0196303.0196511.0196902.0

UNCODED

17.3010.60

.00

.009.00

16.3028.60

4.908.00

.0017.00

8.504.00

17.2012.0017.7035.8045.40

4.0010.00

.00

TOTAL

144.00113.00

78.0025.00

328.0083.0096.00

118.0013.0014.0042.00

101.0085.00

110.00319.00

34.0045.0045.0028.0020.0029.00

SUM

99.80100.00

99.90100.00

99.9099.6099.90

100.20100.00

99.90100.00

99.90100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00

99.90100.10100.00

99.90

153

COUNTRY PARTY DATE

53.00 53220.0053.00 53220.0053.00 53320.0053.00 53320.0053.00 53320.0053.00 53320.0053.00 53320.0053.00 53320.0053.00 53320.0053.00 53320.0053.00 53320.0053.00 53320.0053.00 53320.00

198211.0198702.0194802.0195105.0195404.0195703.0196110.0196504.0196906.0198106.0198202.0198211.0198702.0

53.00 53420.00 198702.053.00 53520.00 194802.053.00 53520.00 195105.053.00 53520.00 195404.053.00 53520.00 195703.053.00 53520.00 196110.053.00 53520.00 196504.053.00 53520.00 196906.053.00 53520.00 198106.053.00 53520.00 198202.053.00 53520.00 198211.053.00 53520.00 198702.053.00 53620.00 194802.053.00 53620.00 195105.053.00 53620.00 195404.053.00 53620.00 195703.053.00 53620.00 196110.053.00 53620.00 196504.053.0053.0053.0053.0053.0053.0053.0053.0053.00

53620.00 196906.053620.00 197302.053620.00 197706.053620.00 198106.053620.00 198202.053620.00 198211.053620.00 198702.053991.00 197302.053991.00 197706.0

UNCODED

.28

.143.602.10

.002.80

.00

.704.601.00

.00

.53

.001.084.80

.00

.00

.001.208.705.101.70

.001.86

.255.803.80

27.005.607.10

12.50.00

19.004.40

.00

.007.55

.319.007.40

TOTAL

358.00714.00140.00

95.0040.0072.0061.00

280.00589.00105.00

29.00190.00291.00279.00124.00

56.0036.0037.00

174.00575.00629.00121.00163.00161.00800.00121.00105.00167.00

89.0084.00

184.0058.0021.00

482.00171.00

25.0053.00

640.0089.00

325.00

SUM

100.00100.00

99.9099.70

100.00100.10

99.90100.30

99.90100.60100.00100.00100.00100.00

99.8099.90

100.20100.00100.20100.30100.10100.40100.00100.00100.00100.20100.20100.20100.00100.00100.00

99.80100.00

99.80100.30100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00

154

COUNTRY

61.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.0061.00

PARTY DATE

61320.00 194811.061320.00 195211.061320.00 195611.061320.00 196011.061320.00 196411.061320.00 196811.061320.00 197211.061320.00 197611.061320.00 198011.061320.00 198411.061320.00 198811.061620.00 194811.061620.00 195211.061620.00 195611.061620.00 196011.061620.00 196411.061620.00 196811.061620.00 197211.061620.00 197611.061620.00 198011.061620.00 198411.061620.00 198811.061622.00 194811.061911.00 194811.0

UNCODED

11.444.004.20

.50

.403.60

.40

.001.208.202.709.634.601.702.901.90

.00

.901.00

.302.603.503.94

19.67

TOTAL

201.00373.00526.00748.00855.00754.00

1187.00853.00

1974.00100.00183.00135.00284.00486.00476.00361.00498.00

1138.00964.00

1598.00100.00

1834.00482.00

61.00

SUM

100.0099.80

100.1099.90

100.1099.50

100.00100.10100.20100.20100.30100.00100.10100.10

99.30100.20

99.60100.20

99.70100.20100.00100.10100.00100.00

155

62.0062.0062.0062.0062.0062.0062.0062.0062.0062.00

62320.00 194506.062320.00 194906.062320.00 195308.062320.00 195706.062320.00 195803.062320.00 196206.062320.00 196304.062320.00 196511.062320.00 196806.062320.00 197210.0

62.00 62320.0062.00 62320.0062.00 62320.0062.00 62320.0062.00 62320.0062.00 62420.0062.00 62420.0062.00 62420.0062.00 62420.00

197407197905198002198409198811194506194906195308195706

000000000

62.00 62420.00 195803.062.00 62420.00 196206.062.00 62420.00 196304.062.00 62420.00 196511.062.00 62420.00 196806.062.00 62420.00 197210.062.00 62420.00 197407.062.00 62420.00 197905.062.00 62420.00 198002.062.00 62420.00 198409.062.00 62420.00 198811.062.00 62620.00 194506.062.00 62620.00 194906.062.00 62620.00 195308.062.00 62620.00 195706.062.00 62620.00 195803.062.00 62620.00 196206.062.00 62620.00 196304.062.00 62620.00 196511.062.00 62620.00 196806.062.00 62620.00 197210.062.00 62620.00 197407.062.00 62620.00 197905.062.00 62620.00 198002.062.00 62620.00 198409.062.00 62620.00 198811.062.00 62951.00 194506.062.00 62951.00 194906.062.00 62951.00 195308.062.00 62951.00 195706.062.00 62951.00 195803.062.00 62951.00 196206.062.00 62951.00 196304.062.00 62951.00 196511.062.00 62951.00 196806.0

UNCUU.UU

1.404.203.303.602.903.90

.003.107.205.607.907.105.20

.00

.005.603.906.308.30’

12.60’8.90

14.501.306.40

18.102.504.703.40

.00

.002.704.807.703.205.908.704.506.108.505.805.702.502.60

.00

.001.102.30

.0012.70

2.106.304.70

.805.40

TOTAL

432.00520.00496.00371.00210.00786.00

26.0033.00

242.00420.00296.00440.00536.00

91.00142.00

75.00244.00

99.0024.00

511.00497.00410.00471.00444.00117.00121:00141.00383.00

49.0091.00

308.00281.00

78.00’325.00‘34.00

23.00135.00175.00528.00

93.00159.00499.00199.00

88.0071.0093.00

132.0022.0055.0097.00

160.0066.00

123.00110.00

SUM

100.20100.30

99.80100.20100.50100.10

99.70100.00

99.70100.30100.00100.30100.40100.10

99.70100<00

99.7099.7099.9099.6099.70

100.2099.60

100.10100.10100.10100:10

99.5099.60

100.10100.00100.00

99.9099.80

100.00100.30100.30

99.8099.70

100.20100.00

99.8099.7099.8099.5099.70

100.20100.10

99.6099.90

100.90100.20100.10

99.60

156

COUNTRY PARTY DATE

63.00 63320.00 194609.063.00 63320.00 194912.063.00 63320.00 195104.063.00 63320.00 195405.063.00 63320.00 195512.063.00 63320.00 195811.063.00 63320.00 196112.063.00 63320.00 196311.063.00 63320.00 196611.063.00 63320.00 196910.063.00 63320.00 197212.063.00 63320.00 197405.063.00 63320.00 197512..063.00 63320.00 197712.063.00 63320.00 198010.063.00 63320.00 198303.063.00 63320.00 198412.063.00 63320.00 198707.063.00 63330.00 195512.063.00 63330.00 195811.063.00 63330.00 196112.063.00 63330.00 196311.063.00 63330.00 196611.063.00 63330.00 196910.063.00 63330.00 197212.063.00 63330.00 197405.063.00 63330.00 197512.063.00 63330.00 197712.063.00 63620.00 194609.063.00 63620.00 194912.063.00 63620.00 195104.063.00 63620.00 195405.063.00 63620.00 195512.063.00 63620.00 195811.063.00 63620.00 196112.063.00 63620.00 196311.063.00 63620.00 196611.063.00 63620.00 196910.063.00 63620.00 197212.063.00 63620.00 197405.063.00 63620.00 197512.063.00 63620.00 197712.063.00 63620.00 198010.063.00 63620.00 198303.063.00 63620.00 198412.063.00 63620.00 198707.0

UNCUDED

3.702.901.302.903.103.303.405.002.203.003.90

.703.702.204.409.706.30

36.703.80

21.2014.30

9.805.80

.00

.008.707.10

.003.802.603.102.80

.402.502.002.501.303.302.702.003.103.605.60

12.002.40

15.90

TOTAL

277.00377.00153.00306.00152.00183.00

58.00160.00227.00430.00582.00269.00244.00269.00253.00342.00412.00199.00

53.00222.00

49.00238.00316.00

68.00103.00

23.00267.00

47.00320.00405.00262.00459.00272.00445.00150.00160.00228.00240.00386.00249.00226.00303.00233.00183.00629.00145.00

SUM

100.10100.20

99.70100.00

99.5099.7099.90

100.2099.80

100.0099.9099.9099.9099.80

100.00100.70100.10

99.70100.30

99.8099.8099.8099.90

100.30100.20100.80100.60100.00

99.90100.60100.30

99.70100.20

99.9099.8099.90

100.1099.9099.8099.7099.6099.90

100.10100.40100.20100.30

157

COUNTRY PARTY DATE

63.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.0063.00 63810.00

194609.0194912.0195104.0195405.0195811.0196112.0196311.0196611.0196910.0197212.0197405.0197512.0197712.0198010.0198303.0198412.0198707.0

UNCODED

.003.90

.006.903.702.307.101.40

.004.306.20

.002.005.30

22.0014.9030.50

TOTAL

74.00108.00

42.0073.0053.0043.0042.00

142.0074.0070.0081.00

124.00349.00188.00182.00222.00246.00

SUM

100.00100.00100.00100.10

99.7099.80

100.0099.9099.80

100.1099.9099.90

100.3099.80

100.20100.70

99.80

158

COUNTRY PARTY DATE

64.00 64320.00 194611.064.00 64320.00 194911.064.00 64320.00 195111.064.00 64320.00 195411.064.00 64320.00 195711.064.00 64320.00 196011.064.00 64320.00 196311.064.00 64320.00 196611.064.00 64320.00 196911.064.00 64320.00 197211.064.00 64320.00 197511.064.00 64320.00 197811.064.00 64320.00 198111.064.00 64320.00 198407.064.00 64320.00 198708.064.00 64620.00 194611.064.00 64620.00 194911.064.00 64620.00 195111.064.00 64620.00 195411.064.00 64620.00 195711.064.00 64620.00 196011.064.00 64620.00 196311.064.00 64620.00 196611.064.00 64620.00 196911.064.00 64620.00 197211.064.00 64620.00 197511.064.00 64620.00 197811.064.00 64620.00 1981.11.064.00 64620.00 198407.064.00 64620.00 198708.064.00 64951.00 195411.064.00 64951.00 195711.064.00 64951.00 196011.064.00 64951.00 196311.064.00 64951.00 196611.064.00 64951.00 196911.064.00 64951.00 197211.064.00 64951.00 197511.064.00 64951.00 197811.064.00 64951.00 198111.064.00 64951.00 198708.0

UNCODED

.00

.00

.00‘.00

4.31.00

3.576.452.85

.282.61

19.9426.39

.00

.0011.99

8.47.00

11.0313.94

2.322.713.865.144.057.433.024.98

.001.71

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.0014.4413.9919.22

6.15.00

115.00213.00127.00178.00255.00118.00617.00915.00983.00

1073.001112.00

331.00341.00

1461.00282.00734.00567.00208.00426.00

1349.00820.00921.00855.00

1518.001507.00

377.001986.001244.00

135.00879.00

27.0024.0064.0081.0038.0071.00

1004.001494.001639.001399.00

327.00

SUM

100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00

159

COUNTRY PARTY

71.00 71220.0071.00 71220.0071.00 71220.0071.00 71220.0071.00 71220.0071.00 71220.0071.00 71220.0071.00 71220.0071.00 71320.0071.00 71320.0071.00 71320.0071.00 71320.0071.00 71320.0071.00 71320.00

DATE

196011.0196311.0196701.0196912.0197212.0197612.0197910.0198006.0196011.0196311.0196701.0196912.0197212.0197612.0

71.00 71320.00 197910.071.00 71320.00 198006.071.00 71530.00 196701.071.00 71530.00 196912.071.0071.0071.0071.0071.0071.0071.0071.0071.0071.00

71530.0071530.0071530.0071530.0071620.0071620.0071620.0071620.0071620.0071620.00

71.00 71620.0071.00 71620.00

197212.0197612.0197910.0198006.0196011.0196311.0196701.0196912.0197212.0197612.0197910.0198006.0

UNCODED

3.20.00.00

2.20.00.00.00.00.00

1.60. QO.00.00.00

3.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.00

12.20.00

2.40.00.00.00

3.00.00

TOTAL

121.00107.00

87.00103.00128.00129.00110.00131.00117.00121.00

87.0098.0098.0079.0099.00

111.0092.0093.00

112.0079.00

108.00118.00

85.00103.00

81.00105.00117.00

78.0093.00

115.00

SUM

100.30100.30100.00100.20100.30100.40100.20

99.7099.70

100.10100.00100.40100.10

99.9099.8099.80

100.2099.80

100.1099.50

100.3099.9099.8099.50

‘99.90:99.80

99.50100.30

99.90100.00

160

72.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.00

72220.00 194901.072220.00 195107.072220.00 196108.072220.00 196511.072220.00 196910.072221.00 197312.072221.00 197705.072221.00 198106.072222.00 198407.072222.00 198811.072225.00 196511.0

72.00 72225.00 197312.072.00 72225.00 197705.072.00 72225.00 198106.072.00 72225.00 198407.072.00 72225.00 198811.072.00 72310.00 197312.072.00 72310.00 197705.072.00 72310.00 198106.072.00 72310.00 198407.072.00 72310.00 198811.072.00 72311.00 194901.072.00 72311.00 195507.072.00 72311.00 195907.072.00 72311.00 196108.072.00 72311.00 196511.072.00 72311.00 198811.072.00 72320.00 196910.072.00 72321.00 197312.072.00 72321.00 197705.072.00 72321.00 198106.072.00 72321.00 198407.072.00 72322.00 196511.072.00 72323.00 196511.072.00 72323.00 198811.072.00 72324.00 194901.072.00 72324.00 195107.072.00 72324.00 195507.072.00 72324.00 195907.072.00 72324.00 196108.072.00 72325.00 195907.072.00 72325.00 196108.072.00 72410.00 194901.072.00 72410.00 195107.072.00 72410.00 195507.072.00 72410.00 195907.072.00 72410.00 196511.072.00 72410.00 196910.072.00 72410.00 197312.072.00 72410.00 197705.072.00 72410.00 198106.0

uLvLuunu

.00

.00

.00

.0021.8822.8113.2120.6913.04

.00

.0014.2924.4415.52

.00

.009.767.69

27.50.00

2.945.04

21.433.70

.006.026.25

20.222.171.379.57

.007.691.902.78

14.7521.54

9.552.68

14.06.00.00

14.8127.8525.45

1.32.00

20.271.64

12.6626.32

TOTAL

8.0045.0016.0020.0064.0057.0053.0029.0023.0034.0018.0035.0045.0058.0027.0040.0041.0026.0040.0026.0034.00

119.0014.0027.0010.0083.0032.0089.00

138.0073.00

230.0028.0065.00

211.0036.0061.00

650.00199.00112.00

64.0020.0018.0081.0079.00

275.0076.0063.0074.0061.0079.0057.00

SUM

100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00

161

COUNTRY

72.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.0072.00

PARTY DATE

72411724127241372413724137241472420724207242072420

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

.00

196108197705198106198407198811198407194901195107195507195907

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.072425.00 198407.072530.00 194901.072530.00 195107.072530.00 195507.072530.00 195907.072530.00 196108.072530.00 196511.072530.00 196910.072530.00 197312.072530.00 197705.072530.00 198106.072530.00 198407.072530.00 198811.072531.00 195907.072531.00 19610.8.072531.00 19651-1.072531.00 197312.072531.00 197705.072531.00 198106.072531.00 198407.072531.00 198811.072532.00 198106.072532.00 198407.072533.00 198407.072533.00 198811.072534.00 198407.072610.00 196910.072611.00 196910.072612.00 198106.072612.00 198407.072612.00 198811.072613.00 198811.072614.00 198811.072615.00 198811.072620.00 194901.072620.00 195107.072620.00 195507.072620.00 195907.072620.00 196108.072621.00 196511.072621.00 196910.0

UNCXDED

4.764.90

65.794.176.90

.0021.0530.34

4.65

2.706.67

8.0010.53

8.7215.9110.47

3.2320.00

8.7711.5430.88

.003.85

.00

.004.71

34.8834.69

7.6911.11

9.092.08

.004.76

.006.90

.00

.0016.13

3.453.854.55

.00

.0010.2017.6510.0016.07

.0012.43

7.14

TOTAL

84.00102.00

38.0024.0029.0017.0019.00

267.0086.0074.0015.0025.00

114.00149.00

88.0086.0062.0025.0057.0026.0068.0025.0026.0017.0016.0085.0043.0049.0052.0027.0011.0048.0017.0021.00

9.0029.0013.0018.0031.0029.0026.0022.00

8.008.00

49.0034.0050.0056.0014.00

169.0042.00

SUM

100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00100.00

162

COUNTRY PARTY DATE UNCODED TOTAL SUM

72.00 72622.00 197312.0 6.41 78.00 100.0072.00 72622.00 197705.0 5.00 60.00 100.0072.00 72622.00 198106.0 37.33 75.00 100.0072.00 72622.00 198407.0 3.57 28.00 100.0072.00 72622.00 198811.0 4.17 24.00 100.0072.00 72623.00 197705.0 5.13 39.00 100.00

163

COUNTRY PARTY DATE

73.0073.0073.0073.0073.0073.0073.0073.0073.0073.0073.0073.0073.00

73310.00 195200.073310.00 195604.073310.00 196007.073310.00 196503.073310.00 197005.073310.00 197707.073330.00 194700.073330.00 195200.073330.00 195604.073330.00 196007.073330.00 196503.073330.00 197005.073330.00 197707.0

UNCODE13

1.10.00

29.503.40

21.909.60

20.0019.30

4.606.00

13.0017.7023.50

TOTAL

88.0066.00

105.00116.00329.00502.00120.00145.00

87.0083.00

100.00226.00357.00

SUM

100.10100.00100.60

99.8099.80

100.30100.10100.00100.10

99.70100.00

99.90100.10

5. Appendix: Coding Procedtrtw

The obJect of analysmg parry programmc.s M to descrlb-e the programmaucprofiles of parties acro~ countrlcs wlthm a common tiamework. Party programmed aretaken as an mdlcator of the paruc.s’poilcy emphases and pohcy powtlona. Therefore, thepsrty progrsmmes are subpxed to quantnauve content analysm. A cksauflcatlonscheme was dcalgned to allow for the coding of all the emttent of parry programmca forthe post World-War-13 permd m muntrlcs with competmvc parry aystema

Selection of Party Prograrstrrtes

Programmatic statements are central features of psrtles In party progrsmmea, thepohtlcai Ideas and goals of parttes are put on record. Although only few voters actuallyread party programmed, they are spread commonly through the mass meda.

Among the different kinds of programmcs which are Mstred m many countm%s,thebaws for thla research are eketton prograrrmws. The advantages of taktrrg elecuonprogrammed as a source for ldentlfymg poimcsl goala of patmes are mamfold:

1 ElectIon programmed cover a wide range of polmcal poamons and themes and,therefore, can be seen as a ‘set of key central statements of party posltlona’1

2. Elecuon programmed are authorltatwe statements of party pohclea because the,, ‘ programpres are ratufied m party rmnventlons.

3‘ ‘ ‘ ElectIon ~programmeaare representstwe statements for the whole party, not ytststatements of one faction or polmclan.

4.- ElectIon progrsmmes are pubhshed before every elect]on. Thus, ldeolog]calmovements of parwe.s over ume can be studmd.

Collecting the Documents

Aecordmg to the speaal slgmficartee of eieetlon pmgrammes, the dccumenta tobe collected are the platforms of partms which are pubhahcd for the electlon ofrepnxentatwcs so the nauonal assembly of a rcspectwe country.

The sources of gatherurg platforms may be the partlcs themselves, assoaatedrmeareh and trammg mstltutcs or pubhcatlona m newspapers, magazmes, or books.

The collection should cover the whole post World-War-II-period from the firstnat~onal elecuort after the Second World War unul the most reeent electlon m therrapectwe country

In some countnc$ partw.s do not dlstnbute electlon programmers. In thts case, theabove gwen description of electlon programmed servca as an ‘Ideal type’ of a documentwhich M to be searched for. ~e only documen~ available may be newspapersummancs of the partd e[ectlon pledges or reports of party spokesmen about the

1 b Bud&, Dad Robermon, Derek Head (e&), fdwlosy, Smafegy and Pany Change Spaaai Analym ofPost- War Elecnon Progmnmu m 19DmocracIu, Cambndac CamtmdgeUmwmy PruI 19S7,pM

2 Giovanni Sartori, Parties and Pany SyWSIIS. A FrCUWW,W~for AnaIYfi, Qmbridge Cambridge UniversityPress1976, pp. 121-12S.

3 Ibid. p. 123.4 Bernard Bach, Content ,4MI@s in co_~~&n R~e~ch, New yoc~ ~~er publishing Company 1952.

2

programmed. Irzany case the ideal type of a document which summarizes authoritativestatements of the pafiy’s policy positions for electioneering should be achieved u far aapossible.

Selection of Parties

The collection should cover all significant parties which are represented in thenational assembly.

Tire definition of significance of parties relates to the coaiition (governmental) orblackmail potential of a party in a given party systemz. ~ali[ion potential is defined aa1. the actual or former membership in a government or 2. the possibility (feaaibilty) ofbecoming a government party. Blackmail potential is defined ss the party’s impact on‘the tactics of party competition particularly when it alters the direction of thecompetition - by determining a switch from centripeta] to centrfigal competition eitherIeftward, rightward, or in both directions . of the governing-oriented parties;~

The-x criteria for selection need consideration whether small partieS, @peClailynew ones like the Green par-ties, affwt paq competition d~pite their small size.

The Codug Procedure

The party programmers are analysed by content analytical methods. ‘Contentanalysis is a research technique for the objective, systematic, and quantitativedescription of the marrifwt content of communication’~. me method can be applied to awide range of different materials and r~earch qu~tio~. me purpose of this section isto describe the specific form of content analysis undertaken here.

The specific kind of internal, quantitative analysis ia derived from the question ssto what ideaa, policies, issues, and conce~ parrim s[resa in their platforms. Themethods of coding are designed to be comparable over a wide range of countriesirrespective of cultural and socio~onomic differen~. ~erefore, a classificationscheme with invariant general categories is USedto cover the total platform content byidentifying the atatemema of preferen~ expr~s~ in the pla[forrns. This classificationscheme contains 56 different categories. fich of tie 56 categories sums up relatedissues in a way that chsnge over time can be memur~ across parties and cross-culturally. Thus, the coding procedure compris~ a quantification (how many statementsdo parties make?) and a classification (what ~nd of statemen~ do parties make?) Ofelection programmed.

3

Quantification: The Coding Unit

The coding umt m a gwen platform N the statement, defined as an argument. Anargument Mthe verbal expression of one pohtcsl Idea or Issue.

In Its slmplcst form, a sentence M the ba,wc umt of meartmg. Therefore,punctuation may be used as a gtudelme for Identlfymg arguments. The staruttg point ofcoding N the sentence, but what we are almtng for Man argument.

In tts shortest form, a sentence contains a subJect, a verb and an attribute or anad]edwe.

Examples: ‘We want freedom ‘‘We need strong mdltary forces.’

Obviously, three two sentences ccmram two dlfferettt arguments which are easy toldentlfy and to dmtmgu]sh. But unfortunately, languages are more complex, and It B aqucstlon of style bow to express the same pohtlcal Ideas. In many cssca, arguments arecombmed and related mto one sentence. ,!

Example: ‘Because we want fredom, we ncui strong mdltary forces.’

In this case, the two statements are mmbmed m one sentence, but for ourpurposes are stall treated as two different arguments. Thus, long sentences can bedecomposed mto ‘quasisentences’ If the sense changes wlthm the septcttce. In mostcsscs, one sentence. which covers two (or more) arguments can be essdy transformedmto two (or more) quasi-sentencca by repeating verbs and/or substantw~.

A ‘quasi-sentettce’ ta a aet of words contammg, one and only one, polmcal Idea. IIstops either at the end of an argument or at a full stop (period).

So, for example,

‘We wdl cut taxation so that everyone pays less and the government does not take somuch’

n one qttaal-sentenc, however repetitive, because It has only one full stop @expresses only one idea, I a tax cutt~g

But.—

‘We wdl cut taxation In tins way everyone WII1pay less. Nor wdl the government take ‘so much.’

are three qussl-sentences, because n has three full stops even f ~he three qussl-sentcnccs comam the same Idea.

However—~

‘We will cut tax= and reduce our military forces.’

ace two quasi-sentences, because there are two ideas, i.e. tax cutting and reductionof milita~=xpenditure.

A list of arguments, sometimes marked with hyphens or dots, is treated as ifseparated with full stops.

‘In international policy we shall take new initiatives. We will:- promote peaw,- ban chemical weapom;- refuse to deploy Cruise missil~- begin discussions for the removal of nuclear bases;- increase aid to developing countries;- take action to protect the status of refugees.’

Three of these argumenLs (1. ban chemical weapons; 2. refuse to deploy cruisemissile~ 3. begin discussions for the removal of nuclear bases) express the samepolitical idea, i.e. disarmamerr~ but different issues in this policy area.

This list of policies maybe given in the following way:

‘In international policy we shall take new initiativea. We will promote peace, banchemical weapons, refuse to depIoy Cruise missiles, begin diacuasioms for the removalof nuclear bases, increase aid to developing countries, and take action to protect thestatus of refugee-s:

Because distinct policies are mentiorral for disarmamen~ titrm different qussi-sentcnms are identified in this sentence, i.e. the same number of quasi-sentences iscoded as for tire list given above.

The same argument may be very long and may occupy a lot of space, but still beonly one quasi-sentence. On the other hand, if different issues - however short - aredealt with in the same sentence they constitute different quasi-sentences even if theyaPPiy to the same policy area.

Step No 1:

Look at each sentence and identify the number of arguments by transforming itinto quasi-sentences.

The best practical way of coding is to xerox the respective platform. Then, L startwith reading the first paragraph, and 2. mark the quasi-sentences in the first sentence.

However, some parts of the platform, like statistics, tables of content and sectionheadings are not considered as text to be coded and, therefore, do not count as quasi-sentertces. Introductory remarks by party leaders are equally ignored since the ideal-type of a platform is defined as authoritative statements of parties.

5

AN the other parta of a platform constitute the bs.wsof analyws. The total numberof umts of analyms equals the total number of quaw-sentences Identified for the relevanttext of a gwen platform.

Claaasfkation: The Standard Coding Frame

In tbls project three types of comparisons are poswble:a) compsnaons of changes m pohcy posmorta or m emphases over tune wlrbm apeaficparttes, b) dtierences m pohcy poamorra or m emphases across partre.s; and, c)differences acrma countrres. The bsslc data sought to support such comparraons are thepercentag= of party documents devoted to each category m a set of standardmd Issueareas. Comparison requms standardtzmon. Tins party mamfesto pro]ecL after muchexperimentation and dwxas]on, developed a coding system, whereby each ‘qussl-sentencd of every party program would be coded mto one, and only one, of 56 standardcategonts

After ldent@rg the qussl-sentences m the first sentence the next stage of thecoding procedure ISto dectde which of the 56 categorma of the ‘Standard Coding Frame’a speaflc qusswmtence expresses.

The standard corhng frame M gwen m Semen 3. Each category of the standardcoding frame ISspeafied by a set of typical Msucs and pohtmsl Ideas.

Before starting the coding rocdure, the coder should read through the standardEmdmg flame several time.s. The etter the coder can memortze. the categories and their

speclfi~tlons, the essler and faster the codtng procedure WIIIbe.

For the example above, the category numbers (201) ‘Freedom” and HumanR@Ls’, (105) ‘Mdnary: Negatwe’, and (107) ‘Intematlonahsrn: Powtive’ are noteddown:

107 - In mtematlonal pohcy we shall take new m]tlatwes. We WII1:;201 - promote pea%105 - ban chemical weapcms;105 - refuse to deploy Crutae m~k.s,105 - begtn ducusatous for the removal of nuclear bss~,107 - utcreaae ald to developing countrtea,201 - take action to protect the status of refugees.

Step No 2:

Read the whole of the first paragraph before you start coding the first sentencebecause the context may gwe you deflrute hum how to code an ottservhse amb@rousargument. I.nok to see whether one of the 56 categonea defimtely captures the sense ofthe first identified qusw-sentence and note down the reapectwe number of the categorym the margm of the page. Repeat thla procedure for all the qussl-sentences of the firstsentence Then proceed with the next sentence by repeatusg step no 1.

Categories with Country-Specitic Meanings

In most of the cases, the categories have clear-cut meanings which are applicableto all the countrica. But some categories have country-specific contents or requirecountry-specific definitions.

The categoric (101) and (102) ‘Foreign Special Relations: Positive/Negative’have country-specific meanings. Here, the coder has to decide in advance with whichother country or countries the manifeato country (i.e. the country he or she is coding)has a ‘special foreign relationship’; for example, in the British case former colonies; inthe Swedish case: the rest of Scandinavia.

Equally, the category (705) ‘Underprivileged Minorities’ requires a definition ofwhat groups are considered as underprivileged in the manifcato country.

The specific content of these categoric must be spelled out by the investigator asnotes appended to the coding protocol.

Codbtg Problems and Diftlcultiea

Not all of the arguments are as clear as the examplca given above. Threediftlcultics may appear in the process of applying step no 2:

1. The statement seems unclear.2. No category seems to apply.3. More than one category seem to apply.

1. The statement seems unclear

If one is not sure where an argument is leading one may read the followingsenterrcca because the first (quasi-) sentence may be a part of an argument which isexplicated in the next sentences.

In some cases, crucial dccisiona have to be made with rcapcct to the manifcat orlatent sense of statements. No inferences should be made with respect to the meaning ofstatements. The coder has to code what the statement says, not what he or she thinks itmay lead to in the end.

All unclear statements should be marked and reread at the end of coding. Some ofthe coding problems will be solved with growing experience.

IO other csscs the coder may decide that a given standard category does apply ifthe sense of the category is changed only marginally. If this is true for several qussi-senterrces the coder is allowed to create a ‘subcategory’, for instance 201-1.

At the beginning of the research most of the country specialists created manysubcategories. The country spccialkts thought this to be necessary to cover all thespecifics of their respective countries. But experience has shown that most of thesubcategories comprised too few cases. Therefore, the tendency to create subcategoriesshould be rcaistcd. If a coder thinks it worthwile, very careful notes should be kept,recording the rationale for the subcategory.

Stsp No 3:

If a category has a strong country-speaf]c bms wh]ch ts not parhcularlymcntloned m the defimtlon of the category, the coder has to make a note about that. Asubcategory has to be created wh]ch ts Identifiable so that the,subcategory may either beagWegat~ Into the smndard category or may be dropped. But don’t create subcategoneafor every single marginally deviant statement. Think twux whether a statement Msubsumable under one of tbe standard categonca. Othenvlse thw statement has to betreated as uncodable.

2. No category ssems to apply

The coding frame was created to capture the total platform content. Nonerhelcaa,It may be that no category ISavailable for a pat-ucular problem m a pamctdar country.These quaw-sentencca are treated as uncodable (000)

It M Important to reahze that ‘uncodcd’ dots not nece.ssanly mean that a sentenceMdevotd of mcanmg (although of course It may he), only that n camot be fitted mto thepresent mdmg tiame.

However, a (quasi-) sentence may be without meanmg but may neverthelcas bepart of the dlscuaslon of a problem and have a styhstlc or Imkutg ftsnctlon, for example

‘ The next government wdl do everytbmg m Its power to defend the uitermts of thefarmers. To th]s end, we enwsage several measures We wdl mcreai.e payments of allktnda to farmers, etc., etc., etc.. ..’

Tbae are three quaal-sentence.s. ‘l%e mtddle sentence ttself M devoid of any~ohcy-content but ta a part of the same argument. Therefore, category (703)Agriculture and Farmers’ Mwdcd tbrw tlmca.

Step No 4:

Some sentences, whtch may orheiwse be uncodable, may pat be cortsmctmgsentences between two arguments (for mstsrrce: llsereforc, we a;~ gom tp do threethings.) These comectmg sentencca thenrselv~ do not commuie meattm a 1argumentsbut are art of an ongoing argument, The general rule here p ,~at sentqx.s should be

!coded I at all Poaslble. Therefore, othetks-e unccdable sentencea:may be coded m thesame category as the bulk of the paragraph ttiey appear m.

Step No 5:1,,

bok at the uncodable sentences a smnd time after cbdlng the total platform andtry to figure out whether some of th~e ststemen~ have an equivalent meanmg. Checkrelated categonca to see whether It IS ~osslble to create a subcategory. In any case,make a note If uncodcd sentences are bl~ti m meanmg, that IS, they have a commontbnlst

/

8

On the other hand, some of the categories are not much used in some of thecountries (for instance (405) ‘Chporatism’), but are vital for comparative reasons.Therefore, some categories may be left empty at the end of the coding procedure.

3. More than one category seem to apply

This is a problem which often occurs with respect to group politics.

Example: ‘We want more social security for workers.’

In this case, category (701) ‘labOur Groups’ or category (504) ‘WeIfare StateExpansion’ may apply.

If a statement seems ambiguous the section heading may serve as a guideline forcoding.

Step NO6:

Look at the section heading or the context of the quasi-sentence in question. Then,take the category wiich covers the topic of the section or the heading.

According to this rule, that category is coded to what is given in the heading forthe sectiorr in which the example appears. If the section heading is called ‘SocialServices’ than (504) ‘Welfare State Expansion’ is coded. Thus, section headings aretaken as guidelines for coding but should not be coded themselves. If headings are notgiven, the coder has to decide what the most important concern of the argument is sinceone, and only one, category has to be chosen for each argument.

Many of these problems may be solved by taking the context of the ambiguousquasi-sentence into account. Thus, it is useful to start coding by reading the wholeparagraph.

The coding has to be done in as uniform a way as possible. For comparativereasons, the greatest possible standardization has to be achieved. Therefore, the codermust note down every coding decision he or she made if the procedure is notspecifically mentioned in this handbook

After finishing the coding of a platform, a tally is kept on a coding sheet, Thecoding sheet shows the respective country, party, and election year and gives the totalnumber of qussi-sentences coded into each standard category of the standard codingframe. If subcategories are used they should be separately identified.

The following text with solutions for rhe identification of qussi-sentence.s andcategories serves as an example.

GREAT BRITAIN, The L&ral/SDP AJJiartce 19S3

‘Working together for Brftatn’(ExtracLs)

The Oeneral ElectIon on June 9th, 1983 wdl be seen as a watershed m Bntrsh pohtl@may be recalled aa the fateful day when depression became hopelcssn= and the shaleof the post-war years accelerated mto the depths of dcclme~tematwely It may beremembered as the turning point when the people of thrs country, at the eleventh hour,decldcd to turn them backs on dogma and blttemcss and chose a new road of partnershipand progr~s~

It la to offer real hope of a fr&h start for Bntsm that the Alhance betwen our twoparma has been creatd~at we have done M umque m the htstory of Bnt~hparhamentary democrac@lvo parttes, one with a proud history, and one born only twoyears ago out of a tkustratlon with the old systems of polmcs, have come together tooffer an alternate government pledged to bring the country together agaln~

The Conservatwe and Labour parncs between them have made an mdustnal wastelandout of a country wh]ch was once the workshop of the world~anufacturmg output fromBntam IS back to the level of nearly 20 years agoflnemployment IS stall rtsmg andthere are now generst]ons of school-leavers who no longer even hope for work~Thatcher’s government stands Idly by, hoping that the bhnd force.s of the marketplacewdl restore the lobs and factoncs that IISmdtfferencc has dc.atroycdl~e Labour Party’sresponse IS maaswe further natlonalraat:on, a ccntrahacd state somaltst economy andrlgld controls over enrerpns~The cholcc which Tonca and Scmahsts offer at th]s

Telectlon ISone between neglect and mterfercncc. eulrer of them understands that lt Konly by working together m the mmparucs an mmmunmcs of Bntam that we canovercome the economic problems which beset us=

Meanwhde the very fabric of our common hfe together detenoratciss~e record wave ofviolence and crime and mcr~cct perapnal s@ss are all sqgM of,a soqety at war wltbitseM@ndowrr cme.s and dechmng rural aerweea ahke tell a story of a warped sense ofprtontm by succcsstve govemmenrs~ Thatcher promtsed ‘to bring harmony wherethere N dlacord’~tead her own example of confrontation has mflamcd the blttern~so many people feel at what has happened to their own Inw and local mmmunmesr

our Alhance wants to call a halt to cofiontatlon pohtlcss beheve we have set anexample by worktng together as two separate psrtms wltbm an alharrm of pnnclple~urwhole approach M based on w-operation: not just between, our parks but betweenmanagement and workers, betw~ri” peaplk ‘of d@erent races and above all betweengovernment and papl@ecause we ‘hr~’p~tthe prrqoners of Ideology ,we shall hsten tothe pcaple we represent and erra~ ~hat the’ good sense of the voters ts allowed todlummare the comdora of Wcatmurster and wltnehall~

THE JMMEDL4TE CRISIS: JOBS AND PRICES

our economic crlsls demands rough Immediate actlo~t also requlr~ a Oovemmentwith the courage to Implement those strategic and structural reforms which alone canend the cd war betwe.cn the two s]des of ~ndustry~

The Immcdlate pnonty N to reduce unemployment. wlty~TO the Alhancc unemployment M a icanda~obblng men and women of theu careerx,

Tbllghtmg the prospects for a quarter of all our young pc.opie~wmtlng our natlona

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resourc~~aborting our chancea of industrial recove$dividing our nation and fueilinghopelessness and crime~

Much of the present unemployment is a direct result of the civil war in British industry,of restrictive practices and low investmen~ut in addition, Conservative Governmentpolicies have caused unem loyment to rise~Ars Alliance Government would cause

&unemployment to fall. How. an it be done without releasing a fresh wave of inflation~

We believe it carttWe propose a carefully devised and costed jobs programme aimed atreducing unemployment by 1 million over two yeara~is programme will besupported by immediate measures to help those hardest hit by the slump - thedisadvantaged, the pensioners, the poor.~

Ours is a programme of mind, heart and wil~t is a programme that will work~~ePro~amme has three points~iscal and Financial Policies for Growth~irect ActIon toprovide job@rt Incomes Strategy that will stick~

STRATEGY FOR INDUSTRIAL SUCCESS

The Alliance is alone in recogrtising that Britain’s industrial crisis camot be solved byshort-term measures such as import controls or money supply targetaaur crisis goesdee@s roots lie in the class divisions of our societ~h the vested interests of the Toryand Labour parties~n the refusal of management and unions to widen democracy inindust~n the way profits and risks are shared~

The policies offered by the iwo class-baaed parties will further divide the nation North vSouth, Mana ement v Labou@ur greatest need is to build a sense of belonging to one

&communit e are all in it togetheflt is impossible for one side or the other in Britainto ‘win’. rrflict in industrial relations means that we all lose~

The AIIiarrce is committed to policies which will invest rcsourcea in the high-tcchrtology induatrics of the future~We are committed to a major new effort ineducation and training~e are pledged to trade union reform to tough anti-monopolymeasures~

Partnership in industry

Britain has made little progress towards industrial democracy, yet several of ourEuropean artttera have long traditions of participation and co-operation backed by

blegislation ey do not face the obstacles to progress with which our divisive industrialrelations present usso be fully effective, proposala for participation in industry need tobe buttressed by action on two frontssa major extension of profit sharing and workershare+wnerahip to give people a real stake where they work as well as the ability toparticipate in decision-takin~and reform of the trade unions to make them genuinelyrepresentative irrstitutiona~

Participation at work

We propose enabling legislation that will offer a flexible and sensible approach~an Industrial Democracy Act to provide for the introduction of empioyee

participation at all [email protected] for employee share-ownershi~mployee rights toinformation~and an !lrdustrial Democracy Agency (IDA) to advise on and monitor theintroduction of these measures=

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Employee Cmracds covering each place. of work sub]ect to exemption for small

humts) for all compames employurg over 1.000 peapie. mailer compamea would alsobe encouraged to introduce Employee tiuncds.~

Government and industry

Pnonty for industry

The role of an Athance government m rclatlon to private industry wdl be to prowdeselecuve Ssslstsnce taktng a number of forms~

an urdtrsmal crcdlt scheme, to prowde Iow-tntercat, long-term finance for proJccrsdmectcd at modemtsmg utdustry~

a national mnovatlon pohcy, to pmvtde selcctwe asatstance for h@-~k proJects,$parttctdarly mvolvmg the development of new tcchrrologl~and for research an

development m potential growth mduatrlcs~pubhc purchssmg pohcwa to st]mulate Imovatlor@ncourage the mtmductlon of

cmclaitecbologl~d aldsmallbmln=su~we WII1cstab tsh a Cabinet Committee chamd by the Prime Mmuster at the centre

of dcaslon-takrng on all pohclcs with a bearing on the performance+of md+try~

The AJhance wdl strengthen the Monopohes’ and Mergers’ Commmslo,n to ensure Itsabdny to prevent monopoly and unhealthy concentrations of mdustnal and commercialpowefie alm IS to guarantee fau mmpeutlon and to protect the mter~ts ofemployers, consumers and shareholders~

New and small busmcaa

To enmurage the growth of new and small busmcssea, we wdl attick red tape andprowde further finsnclal and management ssststance by~

extending the Loan Guarantee Scheme, m the fimt matancc rala~g ‘dk rnaxmrumpenmtted loan to f150,000@sd the Busmeaa Start-Up Scheme, ratamg the upper hmltfor investment to f75,000~nd mtmducmg Small Fu-m I.nvcstment Comparn= toprowde financial and management help

Fzero-rsttng budding repau-s an maintenance for VAT purpose....and rcducmgcommercial ratea by 10 percen~~

maktng sure the Department ‘of Industry coordinates and pubhcwe.s schemes forsmall busmesstx~and that govethrttent ald ccssca to d~cnmtnate agamat smallbWurcascs,J

tadorrrtg national Ieglslatlon such as the Health and Safety Regulaflorrs to theneeds of small busmessea~nd amendmg the statutory sick pay scheme to,exclude smallbusmcas~~

Agriculture and Flshenes ,,14’”

Agriculture IS an unportant industry and employer-To encottt%ge’ us furtherdevelopment we wdl~

urcreaae Government support for effectwe’ agricultural marketmg at home andabroa~nd crntmue support for Food fivm Brltalh~

emure that agriculture h& access hke other ]nduatrres to the mdusmal creditscheme we propose~

encourage greater access to farrnmg, eapcaally by young entrsnrssTire Alhan& M determmed ,to 4afe@rrl the future of our fishtng industry which

needs help to re-budd after years of uncertainty and the dmsnc consequences for thedeep-sea flea of 200-mde hmns m the waters they used to f]sh~

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Education and training

The third basic condition for industrial success is a people with the skilIs and self-coti]dence that will be needed for the challenges of new technolofie education andtraining systems are not providing enough people with the skills necessary to makethem employable and the country successful in competition with its rivals~e arefalling further behind~apan on present plans will be educating all its young peqde tothe age of 18 by 1990~ore than 90 per cent of the 16-19 age group in Germany gainrecogniswl technical qualifications~And it is not just a matter of school-leaver?~urmanagers are less professionally qualified than our main competitors~rom the bottomto top we are underskilled, and this has to be put right if we are to prosper in future~Todo this, to raise standards in education and training and to improve their effectiveness isthe object of proposals set out in the next section.~

CREATING ONE COMMUNITY

A fundamental purpose of the Alliance is to reduce the divisiona which over the last twodecades have been fragmenting our society, and restore our sense of being onecommunity~

The gap between rich and poor is as wide today as it was forty years ago when theBeveridge Report was written~e trend towarda two nationa in health, education andthe social sewices is accelerating as those who can pay increasingly opt for privateprovision~o combat these trends will require determined action across a wide front=

immediate help for those bearing the burden of unemployment;$“a determined attack on poverty, aimed at releasing those 10C al tn the poverty

trap, by raising the living standarda of the hardest-pressed families.action to raise standarda in education and the quality of health care provided by

the NHS~nd remove the inadequacies in the state service-s which lie behind the trend toprivate provision=

increased investment in horssing,~giving serious priority to the enwronmenral aspects of actions and policy changes

at the earliest possible stage=This must be backed by firm action to strengthen the rule of law~with support for aneffective police force commanding the cortildettce of the fight against vandalism andcrime~

Imrnediated help for those in need

The burden of the slump is being borne quite disproportionately by those now in long-term unemployment and by the poor, especially poor families with childrenrepropose to rake the following measures straight away:

5help for families with children by increasing hdd Benefit by S1.50 per weedGsincreasing the Child Allowance in Supplementary Benefit by fl.50 per wee ~

increasing the extra child allowance of one-parent families~help for peosione~e will up-rate the pension hwce a year because the present

system gives rise to serious injustices~e will make sure pensioners can earn moneywithout losing pension:

Fhelp for the disab ed by spending an extra f200 million a year to make a start onmany reforms which will help disabled people~ese will include the extension of theinvalid care allowanm~and full rights under the noncontributory invalidity pension tomarried wome$and the abolition of the age limit on the mobility allowance..

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finance. The total cost of these proposals N approx]matcly fl,750m~~]s wdl be ~o~fusancd by. ratsmg the up~r hm]t at which Nauonal Insurance contrr~ut]ons are. paidto S315 per wecl&vcrsmg the recent uscrcsscs m the hglr rate tax barsdaflnd by the so+

fust stage of pha.wng out the married man’s tax allowanc&llerefore this programmc S09

does not require an mcressc m puhhc borrowm~ ~lq

Educatio~ health and houarng

Budding a umted, cwdlzed commumty requmes decent standards m educauon, health so~and housutg for everyone~e Tones have unposed savage cuts m the social serwccs SOYand an Afhanee Government would mcresse spending to restore and tmprove standarda.$ 303But lt wdl not be enough lust to spend mone~e soctal serwccs are tm ccntraks ,too bureaucratlfi~ey at-c often maeosmve and unaccountable~e wtll a]m to make, 303

the social serwm more democratic, attuned to the needs of the mdwldua~ thta way, 202

also they WI1lbecome more efflclent.~ 303

Education and Trammg

The pnncl al need us education and traumsg IS to release the full potent]al of the3mdwldual. t IS on the sktlls and energlcs of our people that our sumwal depend~h

mcressmgly complex and tecfrmcal scsaety places great demands on the edtscatlonalsystem~and as falhng school numbers conttnue to release resources’ these must not bewlthdrswrr but revested to create better education opportunmesse neqls of the under-fives have to be met by both education and the social scrvtce.s. e WI]),etytrc that at

Tleast one year of prc-school educational cxpertcncc IS avadab e for all c~ldren underfivc~we wdl act to raise standards to the primary and secretary school m @rce ways:

-+by mvolvmg parents, teachers and local people more m the runn~g of schoo a -

these arc the people who really care about standarda~by ertaurmg that chddrcn study a broader rsngc of subjects than they do now ngbt

through to e@ttecn, putting more stress on maths, sctencc and tcchmd suby+a as wellas practical slulls to make thcrd better cqulppcd for Itfe m today’s worldst ts espeaallyImponant to ensure that thrsc opportunmes arc equally avadable to grrls ss well asboys~

by Improvmg the m-set-wee trammg of primary tcachcrs and of others withspeclahst sktlls eg m maths.

fWe WIIIdevelop a bmadcr ridge between school and work urciudmg more part-timeschooling, and more work cxpcrrencc and better tcchrm+ Cducatlon for all pupds

Fwill underrake a major reorgamzatton of educatton and tramtng for the 16-19s, so atschool Ieavcrs are not faced the dole but can opt for eltber education and trauung oremployment or a Combmatlon of the rwo~resent arrangements are di.qomted rttatn IS

?well behind IIS competltomaresour~ have been devoted to ad ho$. sc emcs notnccc.ssanly Ieadmg to cmploymcn~and many young people am unable to acqtnrc skrllsand quahficatlon= we propose ‘

a susglc Mrrustry of Educstlon and Trammg kornbmmg the’ youth tramtngfursctlons of the MSC and the resporralbditles of the Eduemon Dcparpnents~

fuil-time vocational courses ‘offerrng suatalned and pmpcrly plartrrned perrods of

$ ‘work cxpenertcc and the replacement of the ttme.served apprenticeship with traumtg toset nauonal stan arda~

greater access to work experlcncc for all 16-19-year@ld student$md a right tofurrhcr education and trammg for those of th]s age-group m work.

&hall also rcwew theWe WII1mcrcsse access to f-hgher and Further Educahonstructure of h@cr cducmon to see that peopk. who’ arc keen to work us utdustryareprowdcd wItb the rtght range of SkSIIS at this lCVC@tIS may mean for example studentsIYpICallY taktrrg a wldcr range of COUKSCS before moving on to a Job or more speaahst

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education~we will actively support Adult and Continuing Education>itial education 911alone camot prepare people adequately for life~t must be made easier for them as part 91/of their normal development to acquire new skills and to re-train as technologyadvances~e will ensure further public support for the voluntary and statutory sectors 411of the youth serwice~provement in training facilities provided by the State will be ~ 6accompanied by fiscal and other incentives to companies to increase their training

+11efforts.~

Health and Social Services

The Alliance is wholly committed to sustaining and strengthening the NHS~e Health so+Service must be funded to ensure that extra help goes to those most in ned~and that 504sufficient resource-s are available to meet the needs of our ageing populatlonJThe S04Alliance is committed to the steady increase in the real level of funding for the healthand personal social services required to maintain standards in the face of demographic soychanges such as the increasing numbers of old people.~

In addition, the Alliance will set up a special Fund with f500 million each year to payfor new schemes and ideas submitted by area health authorities, local authorities and 504

other voluntary organisations to help tbe poorest areas and the neediest people~Thefunding of this scheme will count as part of the Alliance’s immediate employment 50+programme, and employment as well as other criteria will govern the choice of projectsby the fund.JTbe areas of greatest need in the health and social services are also high ~~unemployment areas, so that such a special fund is an ideal use of available money~

Within the health programme, action will be taken to make better use of the healthbudget by:

Tincreased emphasis on primary careJheaIth education and preventive mcdicine~ %$emphssising community care, not as a cheap option ut because of the improved

quality of care this brings;5

?0:re-allocating funds etween areas and between users to increase equality of access

to services for people in need whatever their means or wherever they happen to lives503

Particular attention will be given to the traditionally under-funded services such as those 509for the elderly, the chronically disabled and the mentally handi~pped;~

encouraging local experiments and plans to improve Service.sr Sof+

Housing

Housing standards have fallen under the Tory Goverrrmerr~ and fewer houses have beenbuilt.J’Council tenants have been able to buy their own houses but face almostimpossible financial dis%culties if trying to move out of council estates into private

‘om’n~arrce. housing policy has three basic aims.o restore the houaing stock wherethis is neededlo provide wider genuine choice for corrsumerssnd to allocate availablefunds with greater faimeas~

Tbis Will mean increased investment.T

ritain’s building industry has been one ofthe worst htt by the recession~l in .Sof t e unemployed are in crrrts.truction@igherinvestment here will not only help the tenant, the home buyer and the home-ownec itwill help the whole country by creating jobs and boosting the economy~

Investment. There is an urgent need for increased investment in housirr . ePHousing Programme has suffered more than any other under this goverrtrrtent, fal mg in

cash terms horn f4,514m in 192’9/80to f2,792m now which represents a fall of almosttwo-thirds in real termsJThe all-party Environment Select Committee predicts ashortage of nearly half a million houses by 1985. And not enough is being spent even tomaintain the standard of existing houses.JMore than 2 million houses are now ‘unfit forhabitation’ or’ in serious disrepair’, and the figure is risin~e propose:

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a steady expansion of local Councd and housing sssoclatlon buddingprogrammcs, paruculsrly for the sutgle and the elderiyflocal council ~rogrammcs to bem low denwty, human scale developmenrs~

wgorous progiammes of repair, Improvement and rehablhtatlon of exlstmgCmsncd estatcsfi

msmmum use of [mprovcmcnt grants to the private scctor&th parhcular help forelderly owrter-occupiers who face dlfficultlcs m mamtammg theu housesx

Greater falmcss

Hotssmg subsldlcs must be d[stnbutcd more according to ncec~tlmncd tenants havebeen parmcu]arly hard hlt by the government’s pohcy of dehberately forcing up rents farfaster than the rate of mflatlorrrntral government subsldles to local authority housingfell horn Sl,274m m 1980/81 to !i370m m 1983/84 wnh the result that m most parts ofthe country, hotssmg accounts are now movmg mto surplus.J_The Alhancc says thisprocess must stopJGmtncd rents should be fixed so that housing accounts balsrrti~Anysurplus should be remvcstcd m Improved management and mamtcrrance, and not usedto subsldtse the general rares~

For owner-occupiers, the Nhartee’s long-term pohcy M to reform mortgage taxrehef so that It relates to mdwldual tncome rather than the SIX of the Ioani themeanume, tax rehef wdl be hmmd to the standard rate of income tax~e Alhance alsointends to encourage ‘low start’ mortgages and other schemes to bring home-ownershipwlthm the reach of more people.~

The Environment

There can be no healthy ezonomy without a healthy envmonmerttFor far too long wehave been wasting u-replaceable resources and amenttm, both natural and manmade onwhich our commumty’s prosperity and well-brmrg depend~ all pubhc dccrslon-makmg the enwmmrtental aspects of changes should be assessed and taken mto accountfrom the beglmmg~

Polhmon

We endorse the ‘Polluter Pays’ pnnctple - that those reaponwble for pollut]onphould payfor the resultant enwronmental damage~lstmg pollutlon control Iegrslatlon must beenforced and extended as recommended by the Royal Commlsslon on EnwronmentalPollutlort~

Llmlttng waste

We WII1encourage the manufacture of products to last longer than at present and theT❑anufacture of those. gomis which capqot be re-used from mater-tals whtc can be

rccycled~e WIII provide financla] mcentlvcs for authontlcs with responstbdlty forwaste disposal to construct new plants to recycle waste mater]ai~

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Transport

Without an effective public transport system the environment will suffer seriousdamage and energy resources will be wastedie believe that new investment should belinked with modernised operating practices to ensure a future for our railways, and wetherefore reject the negative philosophy of the Serpell Repotirtareful plaming and co-ordination is required to meet the different public transport needs of both the cities andthe countryside

Land use

We need a fundamental change in the way in which we plan our cities, towns andvillages to develop greater participation by those directly affected, to protect, create anddevelop living communities.x

Farming and conservation

We will give increased re.sporrsibility to local bodies representative of farming andenvironmental interests which would be based on the present Farming and WildlifeAdvisory Groups, in the award of agricultural grants and subsidieasand which wouldseek to reconcile different interests in the use of lands

TRANSFORMING THE POLITICAL SYSTEM

Electoral reform

The introduction of Proportional Representation is the linchpin of our entire programmeof radical reform~one of the political parties the Llbersl Party and the SDP recognisethat our economic crisis is rooted in our political system> class based parties, Labotrrand Conservative represent and intensify our divisiom~e ‘first-past-the-post’ votingsystem ensures the underrepresentation of all those who reject clasa as the basis ofpolitics~kctoral reform is thus a precondition of healing Britain’s divisions andcreating a sense of community~t is also a change we must make if we are, in the fullsense of the word, to be a democracy.

3The national interest demands e ectoral reformre Afliance will not hesitate touse its strength in the next Parliament to ensure the introduction of a system which willstrengthen the power of the voters~

A system based on roportional representation will provide a stable political$framework in two ways. irstly, in order to form a govemmerr~ political parties

combining together will need to command the support of about half the voters~epolicies such a government will pursue, can only be less dogmatic and extreme thanthose likely to be followed under our present system where govemmen~ cart be electedwith the support of no more than one quarter of the electorat~econdly, the politicalparties will have to aim much more for the centre ground and will be much morereluctant to adopt the divisive policies we see at presentr

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Decentralizing Government

Lrr addmon to the electoral reform, the AIhance M commmed to two furtherwttatltutlonal reforms~dcccntrahsatlon to make government more accc+ntable to theelectorate&nd baaic legts Iatlon to protect fundamental human rtghts and fiecdoms.

$Our system of government M uteff]clcnt because ]t M over-centra Ised=Departmctrts, Mmatcrs and Parhament are hopelessly overloaded and Parhamentcamot adequately control the executweJlocal government IS too dependent on anddommated by central govcrmnen~ which has eroded not only m utd,ependencc but alsoIts SCIISCof rcsponslbdltyJand the Torrcs have’ made the spendttrg of mdwldual localauthormes subject to central controfJTNe’overall r&.aultM lack of effictencfirrd lack ofaccountabdlty&nd the concentration pf pohtical power m London leads to aconcerrtrauon of c.mnomlc power there too, acamtuattng the trend to two nations - arelauvely prosperous South, and a relatwely deprived North~e need to dlaperae powerm order to help spread praspertty.

In the hgltt of thee deficlenclcs m the structure of govermner$ we proposeto transfer substantial powers and rrs

6

uslbdmcs, currently exermsd by thecentre, to the nauons snd regions of Brttmn. e demand for devohmon K clearlystronger m Scotland than m Wales or m some of the Enghsh regrorta, and we do notbehcve that devolutron should be Imposed on natlom or regions which do not wish lbBut there M a strong practd case, especially m terms of regonal developmen~ forrelevant pubhc expenditure to be allocated between and wlthm regions m Ime withregional necds~e therefore propose:

lmmedlatc action to set up a Scottlah Parlmntettt with a full mtrgc ofdevolved powers, mcludmg powers to Ssatat economic development and powera to tax~but not to run a Budget deficlt~

to enact Scottish devolutlon m an Act which would also provide thehantework for dtiutrahaatlon to aasembhes In Wales and the Ertgl@ rc.gtons asdemand developa~

m the Enghah regions to set up kccntomlc development agencm withsubstarmal powersso mske these development agencies, and other nommated regronalauthontm which already exra~ accountable m the fimt m+tanc.e to regtonal commmeesof a reformed Second Cbamberx . J

We support the present Northern keland Assembly and wdl work towards areturn to devolved power m pia~ of dlrwt rule from Westmmater~

to rewtahse local governnten~ re.atonng m independence and ltsaccountsbdlty to the 10CSIelectorate by:

mtmducmg ~ropot-honal rc.presentation at local level to make localgovernment reprcscntstwe of us electorate and re.ciponsweto currents of opm]op m thatelcctorate~ i

slmphfymg the structure of local g&crnnrent to ma$e }t moreeffectwe by abobahmg one of the exrstmg tlera of Iccal government~ wdl be doneby stages against the background of our propd~ala for the deve opment of regionalgovernment~

paving the way to the abohtlon of domcstlc rates and reducing localgovernment’s dependence on centml ~an~ by mtmducqg a local income, taxcJluschange m the structure of local gove~ent finance wdl urcrerke the mdependetrce oflocal govermnent~

extendurg the right of Iota] cornmunltles to have statutory Parish orNe@tbourhood Counclls&

to mcresse the accountability of &weticnt to Parhamcnt by reformmg theoperation and procedures of the Howe of tiMrnOOS, to make Its control of theexccutwe more effcctwe~nd to refofi-’ the pow& and compoaltlon of the House ofLords, wh]ch must include a significant e[wtd element reprcsenratlvc of the natloosand rcglom of Bntam~

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This set of proposals amounts to an extensive. decentralisation of power from the centre, 30/both to the nations and regions and to local governtnen~nd to considerablestrengthening of democratic accountability at all levels of govemment~ 202

Promoting individual rights

Resting on our laurels as the oldest democracy, we have become smug and complacentwith the result that the righta we have taken for granted are being increasinglythreatened~e third major area of constitutional reform theretire inc[udca a aerics ofmeasures to buttress our now shaky structure of liberties and rights and guarantee themby law~hanges in the power of the State, the media and in technology require specificprotection of rights by statuteJ_S.uch action will be coupled with determined action tostrengthen the rule of law~giving full backing to the police subject to a proper system ofaccountability.~

Individual rights

The following are our pro oaals:5a new Bill of Rights. t :s shaming that our citizens have so tiequently had to go to

the European Court to have basic rights enforced~We shall incorporate the rights andfree.doms of the European Convention of Human Rights into English, Scottish andNorthern Ireland law by means of a new Bill of Righta Act which will be paramountover all inconsistent statutes and common law.

+-we shall create a UK Commission o Human ~ights to help people bringproceedings under the Bill of Rights to secure compliance with ita provisions. is will

Pincorporate the existing Equal Opportunities “2rmmission and Commission or RacialEquality and will deal with discrimination on grounds of sex or ra~~

The Alliance believes that sex and race equality are fundamental to our societ~They will be promoted by positive action in relation eg to public employment policieswbicb will be monitored in central and local governmentJAnti-discrimittationlegislation will be actively enforced~

nationality and immigration: we believe the British Nationality Act of 1981 to be

Poffensive and discriminate . We will revert to the simple concept that all those born inBritain are entitled to Britis Citizenahi .

%!’ere should be objective tests for citizenship

and a right of appeal againat refusa~ migration control will be applied withoutdiscrimination on grounds of sex, race or colour~and rules on dependenta will berevised to promote family unity~

we shall Iegis[ate for public access to officiaI information, including the right ofindividuals to have access to information on themselves, subject to a Code of Practicedefining exceptions and limitationa~

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PEACE AND SECURITY

Alliance policies in the field of foreign policy and defettce are uncompromisingly 107’interrrationalis~ey are based on the view that Britain must p[ay a full and leading 107role in the community of nations,

The Alliance holds that Britain’s security as a country depends on the cohesion 109

~mpean Community%@ that the poomxt “8and etYectiveness of the NATO alliance, hat our political and economic interestsrequire us to play our full part in thecountries of the world can bext be helped if the industria nanons pursue more /07expansionary economic policies in concertt

19

The Alhancds commitment to uttematlonahsm and us recoftrtmon of themterdependertce of nauons clearly dlfferertttatcs M approach from t~at of both theLabour and Tory parmessb a dangerous and com iex world there M a temptation to

&withdraw mto narrow and natlonaltstlc attltudcs. ts N what both the class-basedpsrtlca have done.~

Labotrr M now pledged to pohclcs which would ~olate and weaken Bntatn~Import controls@latcral withdrawal from the EEC onc-sldcd dtsarmamen~ these

fpohcms were enacted our Alhca would lose all conf] ence m us, the We-stern Alharrcewould be badly undermm~nd as an economically debdltated and leas mflucntlalcountry we would bc qrutc unable so launch tbc mtcmatlonal mmatwca now desperatelyneeded to help the pmr of the world through concerted ecorromlc cxpanmon and aid.

sThe Cmservatwc Party spectilcally refuses to recogmse the true mtcrdcpcrr cnccof natlorrs m us approach to both development and pcacc~etr refusal to countettsrtcc!hc mclus]on of Bream’s nuclear systems m any dmrrqament negottat]ons d~playsthclr lack of real commitment to multdateral dlsarmamcnt~

The AJhancc scca httlc prospect for progress towards a more peaceful, prosperousand yst world unless mtcrdepcndcrrce M accepted as the basts of mtematlonalrclatlons~~ls leads us to radically dfferent pohcma from those advocated by the clsss-bssed parhcs m thres key aresa.~

~a~ A#tce behcvca Brltam must be properly defended and our forces equipped for

Pe pay tribute to the muragc and deternrmatlon of our srmkd forces m the

Falklsrr and m Northern Irclarrd~ur dcfence pohcles reject both IAxmtr’s onc-sideddwrrrtamcn~nd the Conservauvcs’ escalauon of the nuclear arms raccce mautpomrs of our pohctca for defcncc are~

to adhere firmly to the prtnclplc.s of collcctwc secunt~rltatn cannot defendherself alone, and the NATO AJhancc has made a conrersroqe of the country’s defencePohcsnd m order to consolidate the NATO AIhanu we [ea@p our commitment tothe NATO target for atrengtherutrg cmtvcntlonal forces m Eqrope

‘*”wc accept the need for a npclcar component tn the NAT deterrent whtlst theUSSR has nuclear weaponssATO should however move away from m presentexccsswc dcpertdence on the early usc of nuclear weapocs~e therefore su~port ralsmgthe nuclear thmhold m Europe arid movmg towards a ‘no first USC. pohcy byatrengthemrtg NATOS conventional forces and csrabltshqrg a 150km BattlefieldNuclear Weapon-Free Zone at the ~ptral front.

PAJhsrtce Govermrrent would regard

such a zone as the ba.wsfor ncgotlatlons with t e Russmrrs on a w]der vetilable nuclearweapon-free zone

*wc strongly ack mtrltllad~lddirirrnamcnt ,and a~$ontroi efforts, m patmcular‘the Geneva negotiations for rcdhc~l~d m both sides ‘strarcgrc (START) and mtcrrrmdatcrange (_lNF)nuclear wcapor@Mop spedically, the START and INF talks should bcmerged or at least closely Imked ‘SO that trsdedfs can be made across weaporrasysrems~

llre Geneva negotiations shduld bc purau~ to a successful cortcluaU@Beforcdecldmg whether or not to oppoke the deployment of CmEe m~sllcs m Bntam, anAlhartce Government wdl take acc%trnt m parncuiar of the negotiating Pc.smon of theSowet Urtlon and the Un@’Stat~, the attitude df ~ur, NATO pa,r-tnersm Europe andwhether arrangements for a double safety <atch system !IWC been agrcedl

If suc=ful progress m nuclear weapons reductlorq has not been achieved m thencgotlatlorrs at Geneva, an AIhancc Gpvernmcnt wdl explore the oppor-tumtwa for avcnfiable, mutual ficezc on the pmdictlon and deployment of all nuclear weapons,

8we strongly support an ag~ment between EUt and W~t to ban tbe pro uctlonand posses. wonof chemical weaporr@d wc would work for mutual and balanced force

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reductions in Europe and a comprehensive test ban to strengthen the Non-PmliferationTreaty~

on international security, we support the recommendations in the Palme Reporttand wish to see the UN’s peace-keeping role strengthenediand increased powers givento the UN Secretsry-General.

PAflisrrce Government will press for a European

initiative to register the sale o arms to thtrd world countries, and will act to end sales ofBritish arms to regimes which persistently and brutally violate human rights~

This set of policies will reduce the danger of nuclear conflict and increase Britain’ssecurity.

Membership of the European Community

The Alliance is wholly committed to continuing UK membership of the EuropeanCommunit~embership has increased our political influence with our Europeanneighbors and in the world beyond~ontinrrexi membership is so unequivocally to oureconomic advantage~lle community is by far Britatis largest trading partner, withover half of our exports going to community countries or countries with whom theyhave Free Trade Agreements.

Pt also provides an influential framework for the

discussion of Irish problem etwee.n two member stares, ourselves and the IrishRepublic~Withdrawal, to which Labour is committed, would have a highly destructiveeffect on exports and hence on job~e would also lose a great deal of foreign,particularly US investment which has come here because we are in the Community

PAlliance advocates further development of the Community and new common po Iclea,and we wiIl take the lead in putting things rights

Fimt, we support political development of the Community through adoption of thecommon electoral system for the 1984 direct elections to the European Parliament;

?more majority voting in the Council of kfinisters~and greater involvement of t eEuropean Parliament in the appointment of the Comm!ssion~

Second, to correct the imbalance in existing activities? an Alliance Governmentwill press for expansion of Community activity on regional and social policies,industrial innovation, energy conservation and the development of renewable sources ofenergy~To develop new policies we accept the need for an increase in communityrevenues on a more diversified and fairer baai~e will work for some reduction in theagriculture budget fist by holding back intemention prices for agricultural products insurpl~and if need be by setting a limit on the quantities of production eligible forintervention support~

Third, we will take the lead in advocating the develo ment of new policies where$Europe hss everything to gain from standing together. e must increasingly stand

together in trade talks, following the pattern of the recent MuIti-Ftbre Arrangementtalks and GATT talks in which the Commission spoke for the Communit~We mustincrease political co-operation to reach carsensus on foreign policy queatio

Fand be

prepared to move into new areas such as a common procurement policy for de enc~eneed to develop a Community industrial policy to spend money on easing the pain forareas dependent on declining industries and alao in ertcouraging new, high technologyinveatmen@nd we need to develop and back initiatives at European level through theSocial Fund aimed at reducing youth unemployment from 25 per cent to the level ofgeneral urremploymerrrere is great scope for launching joint economic policies andan Alliance government will take the lead in advocating them.

+Fourth, an Alliance government will make Britain a ful member of the EuropeanMonetary System in order to iron out the wild fluctuations in the exchange rate whichhave done such damage to exports and jobs over the lastfew years=

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Helping the world’s poor

Conscrvauve pohcy towards the poor countrrcs of the world has been mean and short-

X

a@tcd, rrducrssg the level of Bnt~h a] and cffcctwely excluding ‘llrrd World atudcnrafrom our h@cr cducatlon system. e wldesprc.ad pursutt of reatrrctwe pohcles hasplunged the world mto the worst slump for 50 years, and the poor Countna havesuffered moa~n the other hand, Labotsrs rcstnctwe trade pohcms would be extremelydamagmg to the developing worl~cre Mno hope for them or the rest of the world Ifprorectlon leads on to waves of retahatlon and counrnc.s destroy each others’ markets,sending the whole economy splrallmg further downwards~

We want to do two thmgs~ws~ to advocate Joint pohcle, to be developd andimplemented by the major mduatrtal countrres, to take the world out of shrrnp.JWeadvmatc co-orduratcd actlou~

Joint exparrslonary measures followtng the example of the 1978 Bores EconomicSummit, so that the mam countnes expand together, so managmg to avoid balance ofpayments dlfficultm and the mflatlonary cortacqucnccs of collapsing currcncm.s”

monctsry stabdlty Coapcrat]on berwwxr the three man currency blocs - & us,Japan and the EMS (mcludmg Br@n) - to keep thclr currcncms~

addmonal finance for the dcvclopmg world so that gcncrsl expan.won ts notfrustrated by credit ccmatramts - mcressed resources for the IXfF and World B*J

Intematlonal pohcms of this kmd could chart the way out of recexwo~h so doing, theywould help developing rxruntrrcs - and, indeed, the developed ccnrntrrcs., ahke - morethan any for=ceablc utcressea m Icvcls of ald~owcvcr, Bntam has a slgmficsntmdwldual mntnbutlon to make to Timrd World development through tts own a]dprogrsmm~ AJhsnec govcrnrncnt would:

mcrcsse the proporhon of GNP spent on a]d over 5 years to 0,7 perccnv-#_concentrate ald on the poorest coursttm and on the poorest pcop e us those

cotsntnes-meres.se firrsnclal support for the work of voluntary agenclu, strc.ssmg urgent

projectsspromote more generous fundtng for ovcrscaa students, cspeaally those from the

poorest countrrcs and the poorest students tlom other muntnc.s;~

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