uk fire service deployment project. fire cover review the new arrangements: l take account of...
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UK FIRE SERVICE DEPLOYMENT PROJECT
Fire Service Emergency Cover
Version 2.0 31.03.2001
Fire Service Emergency Cover
Version 2.0 31.03.2001
Fire Cover Review
The new arrangements:
Take account of life-safety measures Are risk-based Use flexible response
Origins of the Review
• Audit Commission Report In the Line of Fire - 1995
• JCACR Report Out of the Line of Fire - 1998
• Pathfinder Trials - 1999
Existing Standards of Fire Cover
• Are over 50 years old
• Have not been changed significantly
• Have no underlying rationale relating intervention to outcome
Main Elements
• Risk assessment• Fire safety• Response options• Cover planning• Costing• Inspection arrangements
Fire Service Emergency Cover
Definition:
Cover is the intervention resource provided continuously by a fire brigade to respond to any incident which is reasonably likely to occur, in order to keep the risk from hazards within tolerable bounds.
• Individual Life Risk
• Societal Life Risk
• Property Damage
• Environmental Damage
• Heritage Protection
Types of Risk:
The Risk ModelR
isk
of D
eath
High
Low
Risk is tolerable but should be reduced to as low as reasonably practicable - ALARP region
Risk is intolerable
Risk is negligible
Four toolkits have currently
been developed:
– Dwellings
– Other Buildings
– Special Services
– Major Incidents
Measuring Risk – Toolkits
Responding to Risk - Resources• Response should be appropriate to the risk
• Response must be pre-planned
• Plan for worst that can be reasonably expected
• The Worst Case Planning Scenario is the worst case for which fire cover will be routinely planned
Worst Case Planning Scenarios (WCPS)
• Fire cover intervention is planned on the basis of the WCPS
• Every risk area has a WCPS
• Every WCPS has a response option
• Each response option has a ‘ validated ’ set of resource requirements
How well will it work?Evaluating Performance and Cost
Effectiveness
• Assess the effect of incident volume on the provision of fire cover resources
The model will:
Allow the overall performance of fire cover plans to be assessed
Proposed Basic Methodology
• Risk based approach used successfully in other industries. Similar approaches in:– Fire Service Health & Safety
– Places of Work Regulations
– Fire Safety Inspection programme
• Concept of intolerable and tolerable risk
Assessing Risk
• Use actual data where possible– FDR1 data used to derive national
relationships
– Brigade incident data used to apply national relationship locally
• Where data insufficient, use factors likely to indicate risk
• Risk area: – should have homogeneous risk throughout– should have the same response requirement (Worst
Case Planning Scenario) throughout
Assessing Risk in Practice
– can be any size but should be geographically continuous
– is always built from one or more census Enumeration Districts (EDs)
• Risk group: – a collection of areas which have similar risk – can be geographically separate– used for assessing risk in a statistically robust manner
Assessing Risk in Practice
How Risk is Assessed Dwellings
• Some people experience higher rates of fire and casualty than others - people who experience similar rates of fire and casualty can be grouped together to assess their risk
• Risk groups use brigade incident data and census data to give number of fires per household and number of casualties per person
• These figures are compared against national criteria for individual risk to provide risk level
Fire Service Emergency Cover Process
Risk Assessment
Response Options
Packaging Resources into Vehicles
Allocating Vehicles to Stations
Assessment of Effectiveness
Worst Case Planning Scenarios
For a particular hazard, this is the worst case selected by a brigade for which Fire Service Emergency Cover is to be planned. It reflects what is reasonable provision for a particular area, not the worst circumstances which can be imagined.
Response PlanningDefine Worst Case
Planning Scenario (WCPS)BROS
Allocate Crew and Equipment to Modules
Define the Vehicles to Carry these Modules
Specify the Vehicle(s) Required for Each
WCPS
BRAVE
CFBAC Scenarios
A Scenario Bar Chart
FORWARD CONTROL POINT COMMAND
BA ENTRY CONTROL
PUMP OPERATION
INCIDENT COMMANDFirefighter 1
Firefighter 2
Firefighter 3
Firefighter 4
Firefighter 5
Firefighter 6
Firefighter 7
Firefighter 8
Firefighter 9
Firefighter 10
Firefighter 11CONTROL FIREFIGHTER LIFT
Resource List
Personnel List
Personnel Number
Firefighter 11
Attributes List
Attribute Number
Junior Officer Rank 2
Equipment Number Equipment Number
45mm Hose 2 Pump with LP 1
Capability
70mm Hose 6 Radios 7
BA Control Board 1 Resuscitator 1
Barriers / Cones / Tapes 1 Salvage Equipment 1
Branch Pipe (Nozzle) 1 BA Spare Cylinder 4
Breaking-in Gear 1 Small Gear 1
Breathing Apparatus 4 Thermal Imager 1
First Aid Kit 1 Set of Hose Ramps 1
Hydrant Standpipe 1 Turning Over Tools 1
Equipment List
Resource List
Define the Modules in Which the Resources will be Delivered - Examples
Low Pressure Pump ModuleResource Number Resource Number
45mm Hose 2 70mm Hose 6
Barriers / Cones 1 Branch Pipe (Nozzle) 2
Hydrant Standpipe 1 Pump with LP Capability 1
Set of Hose Ramps 1
Firefighter Module Junior Officer Rank Module
Resource Number Resource Number
Firefighter 1 Junior Officer Rank 1
Vehicle Type Modules Carried NumberType X Low Pressure Pump Module 1
Firefighter Module 5
Junior Officer Rank Module 1
Rescue Ladder Module 1
10.5m Ladder Function Module 1
General Tools Module 1
BA Module 2
RTA Module 1
Specify the Modules Carried by Different Types of Vehicle
Identify the Vehicles Which Have to Attend Each WCPS
Scenario Vehicles Required
C2349 2 Type X
B7319 2 Type X2 Type X 5 minutes later1 Type Z 10 minutes later
B6322 2 Type X, 1Type Y
B9283 1 Type Y
C2348 1 Type X, 1 Type Y
The Allocation ProcessCalculate
Travel Times to Enumeration
Districts from Stations
Place Vehicles According to
Allocation Strategy
Allow for the Effects of Workload
Consider Performance
and Cost Effectiveness
Revise the Allocation Strategy
Calculating the Travel Times
3m 25s from A
3m 44s from B
B
A
3m 33s from A
3m 21s from B
2m 42s from A
3m 37s from B
Allocate Vehicles According toChosen Strategy
A
B
Vehicle
Type
Call
Sign
Turn Out Time
Day Night
X
X
Y
R031
R032
S022
1m
5m
1m
5m
-
1m
Vehicle
Type
Call
Sign
Turn Out Time
Day Night
X
Y
Y
R033
S023
S024
1m
1m
5m
1m
5m
-
Dwelling Fires - Lives SavedR
isk
of D
eath
High
Low
Low HighRate of Fire per Person
Slowest response time
Fastest response time
Other Buildings - Lives Saved
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time from Call to Rescue
Per
cen
tag
e o
f R
escu
es C
om
ple
te
Other Buildings - Property Saved
1
2
3
HospitalsSchoolsHotels
ShopsCare Homes Licensed PremisesPublic Buildings
UniversitiesFactoriesOffices
Time Since Ignition
Cost of Damage
Cost/Benefit AnalysisProposed Strategy
Add One Appliance
ALLOCATION STRATEGY
Dwellings Lives lost
Other Buildings Lives Lost
RTA Lives Lost
Other Special Services Lives Lost
Total Lives Lost
Total Property Loss
COST OF PROVISION
6.33
4.75
15.27
2.05
28.40
£44.25M
£16.42M
6.23
4.72
14.77
2.03
27.75
£43.55M
£17.33M
Cost/Benefit AnalysisProposed Strategy
Add One Appliance
ALLOCATION STRATEGY
Dwellings Lives lost
Other Buildings Lives Lost
RTA Lives Lost
Other Special Services Lives Lost
Total Lives Lost
Total Property Loss
COST OF PROVISION
6.33
4.75
15.27
2.05
28.40
£44.25M
£16.42M
6.23
4.72
14.77
2.03
27.75
£43.55M
£17.33M
Remove One Aerial
6.23
4.79
14.77
2.04
27.83
£43.90M
£16. 80M
Pathfinder Brigades
Risk Based Fire Service Emergency Cover
Current Fire Service Emergency Cover
Resources
COSTS
Resources
Innovative or Changed Resources •Appliances•Fire Stations•Crewing types•Etc...
COSTS
Existing resources - as required by the risk
COSTS
Resources