uk fluval aquarium care guide

This simple, easy to follow

care guide gives you all

the information you need to

enjoy the colourful and

fascinating world of fish

STEP BY STEP

AQUARIUMCareGuide

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Enter a new world

Keeping fish is both a

relaxing and absorbing

hobby and a source of

endless fascination for

the whole family.

Creating and maintaining the

perfect environment for your fish

can be easy, as long as a few

basic principles are followed.

This Step-by-Step Guide tells

you everything you need

to help you get the

most from your new

aquarium, including hints, tips

and essential advice.

Just follow each step and you’ll

be rewarded with happy, healthy

fish, and years of enjoyment

and interest. Above all, don’t try

to rush or miss out any stages.

2

23STEP 6 Preparing for Fish

The Nitrogen CycleWater: The ScienceWater ParametersWater Testing made simple

28STEP 7 Introducing your Fish

29STEP 8 Acclimatising your Fish

30STEP 9 Feeding your Fish

How much to Feed / Feeding Tips

35STEP 12 Aquarium Maintenance

Basic Care KitEssential Schedule10 Basic Rules for a Successful Aquarium

ContentsThere are manyhundreds of fishavailable for yourfirst aquarium, butbefore you choosethe fish, you needto make onefundamental decision - what kindof environment willyour aquariumprovide? In this guide we’ll belooking at twobasic types: The ColdwaterAquarium and the

Tropical Aquarium.

Like anything, keeping fishrequires planning. You willhave to decide on thekind of aquarium youwant some time beforeyou acquire your first fish- don’t worry, yourpatience will be rewardedwith a successful, healthy,visually impressive display.

MARINE FISH require special care and conditions andspace does not allow inclusion in this guide. If you are

interested in keeping these exotic fish, ask at your local petshop or aquatics supplier for specialist advice.

What kind of Aquarium?

THE COLDWATER AQUARIUMColdwater fish can live in unheated tanks. They are, therefore,less expensive to keep, and yet still provide a bright, attractivedisplay. Coldwater fish have always been popular with theexperts, but they are ideal for children and beginners.

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10-1314-15

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36-3738-39

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STEP 2 What you need

FiltrationInternal FiltersExternal Filters and Media Lighting and Heating

STEP 1

16STEP 3 Aquarium Location

17

20

What kind of Aquarium?

32

34

STEP 1

2726

2425

STEP 11 Algae

Prevention is better than cure

1819

2221

STEP 5 Planting an Aquarium

Caring for aquatic plantsPlanting Scenes for your Aquarium

THE TROPICAL AQUARIUMA heated tropical aquarium can be maintained with the minimum of effort or expense. A warm water environmentallows you to choose from a wide variety of colourful and exotic fish.

3

STEP 4 Filling your Aquarium

Rocks and driftwoodPlacing the electrical equipment

STEP 10Caring for poorly fish 33

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ROCKS, GRAVEL & DECORATIONIt is advisable to buy rocks, ornaments and gravel that

have been specifically designed for use in an aquarium.

There is a vast selection to choose from, and you can make

your aquarium truly unique

by combining textures, shapes,

colours and arrangements.

Always rinse everything

thoroughly before you place it

in your aquarium. Never usenaturally calcareous sand.See page 18

PLANTSHealthily growing natural

plants are dynamic, look

great and enhance the

quality of your water -

aiding filtration, absorbing

carbon dioxide and

producing oxygen.

However, your aquarium

can thrive without them,

and many fishkeepers

prefer to use very realistic

imitation plants for

convenience. Remember

that some types of fish such as cichlids and

goldfish will eat or uproot any living plants.

See pages 20-22

FILTRATION SYSTEMSThe only way that waste products can be

removed from the water in your aquarium is

through filtration. Efficient filtration is essential

to make sure your aquarium stays clear, clean

and free from toxins, without the bother of

continually changing the water. See pages 8-13

AQUARIUMAquariums can be made of glass or acrylic

and come in many shapes, sizes and

dimensions. Glass is preferable, due to its

ability to resist scratches. In general, select

the largest size aquarium possible and you

will get a more stable environment and

a greater choice of fish and plants.

AQUARIUMTHERMOMETER

You’ll need to keep a close eye on the

temperature of your water. Choose a

thermometer that is easy to read and

suits your aquarium. See page 15

What do I need ?

54

STEP 2STEP 2

A STURDY BASEAquariums weigh a lot more than you’d think -

roughly 1 kilo per litre - which means that

a fairly modest 40 litre tank will weigh close to

40 kilos. A strong base is vital as any uneven

support across the base of the tank can prove

disastrous. aquariums should

only be used with the correct stand.

Wrought iron and angle stands, together with hi-fi,

video, TV cabinets, other articles of furniture and self

assembly furniture are NOT suitable for use with

aquariums. TO DO SO WILL AUTOMATICALLY

INVALIDATE THE GUARANTEE. Polystyrene pads must not

be used with aquariums.

TEST KITS AND WATER TREATMENTS

Ensure your water is perfect by using

water treatments to remove

and neutralise any chemicals in your tap water that

may be harmless to humans, but deadly for fish.

Aqua Plus is specifically

formulated to condition water as soon as it is

added to the tank, while Cyclehelps prepare the filter for your fish and maintains

the aquarium’s natural biological balance. At the start

and once established, you will need to test your water

regularly with Test Kits.

See pages 24-27

CANOPYThe surface of the water in your aquarium plays

a vital part in the lives of your fish. It is where

many of them find their food, and where much

of the oxygen and carbon dioxide are

exchanged. It is important to protect it carefully.

Canopies provide a secure, stable cover that

reduces evaporation and contamination. It also

provides safe and suitable housing for lighting,

essential for natural plants to grow and fish to

thrive.

HEATERAll fish are cold-blooded - which means their

bodies are the same temperature as the water

around them. A heater keeps your tropical fish

at the right temperature, constantly. This is

important as sudden changes can cause stress

and disease. See page 15

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Nothing quite beats the clarity and visual beauty of a well-kept aquarium. But that clarity is theresult of a number of essential pieces of equipment, without which your fish will notthrive, and your aquarium will always be lacklustre and murky. Remember, your aquariummust provide a complete environment foryour fish, one that needs to be effectivelymaintained at all times.

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Even coldwater tanks benefit from the sophisticated and affordable electronic equipment now available. Any substantial aquarium needs some form of filtration and aeration.

FILTERS AND AERATION Filtration is essential if your fish are to thrive, and your aquarium

is to become the stunning visual display it should be. In nature, most fish and plants exist in an

environment of continually changing water supplies - flowing rivers, large ponds, lakes and

estuaries. In the natural world, such a small, static body of water could not support the

concentration and variety of life found in even the most modest tank.

The key to life in such an artificial environment is filtration. Filtration removes waste products

from the water, and circulates clean water back into the aquarium. If they are not removed

regularly, the change in the

chemical balance of the water

could prove fatal to fish.

There are three main types -

Mechanical, Biological and Chemical.

MECHANICAL FILTRATIONPut simply, this works like a

sieve. Water is pumped

through fine 'filter media',

which traps debris. Over time

this filter becomes clogged and

the debris must be regularly

removed. Mechanical filters

improve oxygen levels, provide stable conditions and reduce the build-up of dangerous nitrates.

BIOLOGICAL FILTRATIONThe filter becomes a useful home for beneficial nitrifying bacteria. They mainly colonise foamand ceramic media and neutralise two of the most highly toxic compounds produced in anaquarium - ammonia and nitrite - to leave safer nitrates. To boost these ‘friendly’ bacterial populations, use the biological aquarium supplement, Cycle, to set up andmaintain your filter.

CHEMICAL FILTRATIONChemical filtration provides a way of fine-tuningyour water. Different chemically active filter mediacan be used to remove specific substances,adjust hardness and pH levels and removemedication following a disease treatment.Combined with a Test Kit, thechemical filter is one of the best ways to manageyour water quality. For example, carbon will filterout harmful liquids, dyes, medicines, extremelyfine suspended particles and contaminants.

Filter systems and OxygenationThe filter system is often relied uponto help oxygenate the water too.

Filters are extremely energy efficient and can be used to both filter as well as agitate the water sufficiently to improve oxygen levels. They require minimal maintenance and aretrouble - free.

STEP 2STEP 2

Improves Oxygenation

MaintainsBiologicalBalance

Removes Waste

Circulatesand Cleansthe Water

Filtration is the key to life

STEP 2

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STEP 2

The Fluval Filter can be placedvertically or horizontally for

multi-functionality

OptionalMedia areaAdd your ownchoice of extramedia

Use the next higher Fluval unit when aquariums areheavily loaded with fish or other inhabitants

Placement of either Polyester orCarbon pads between the 2 foampads.

CloggingIndicator

90° Swivel OutletChoose thedirection ofwater output

Water Flow AdjusterSpeed control of water flow

Air Flow ControlFor added aeration

➡

Inside Information

FOAM PADS maximise surface contactbetween water and media. The large filtering surface ensures efficient cleaningof aquarium water and maximises thecolonisation of beneficial bacteria.

POLYESTER FILTER PADS filterout extremely fine suspendedparticles and contaminants

The internal filter is perhaps the simplest to installand use, combining biological, chemical andmechanical filtration in a compact unit designed to fit inside the aquarium, just below the waterline.

The water is sucked into the unit through vents

at the base of the unit by an impeller, a foam

filter removes waste and allows bacteria to break down

impurities, the clean water is then returned near the

surface to allow aeration as the flow breaks the surface.

Internal FiltersT H E V E R S AT I L E A LT E R N AT I V E

The PlusUnderwater

Filter has a range

of useful features

and provides

powerful, efficient

filtration for use in

both cold and

warm water

environmentsRetracts whenclogged so youcan see at aglance whencleaning is necessary

The PlusUnderwater

Filter has a range

of useful features

and provides

powerful, efficient

filtration for use in

both cold and

warm water

environments

11223344

45 litres9.5 gallons



215 litres47 gallons

AQUARIUMSUP TO PUMP OUTPUT

TECHNICAL INFO

200 LPM44 gallons

400 LPM88 gallons

700 LPM154 gallons

1000 LPM220 gallons

Small and discreet, the Plus can filter the

water in a smaller aquarium several times an hour.

The Plus 2,3 & 4 combine mechanical, biological and

chemical filtration within a fully submersible unit, which is quiet

and effectively removes both solids and liquid waste products.

Plus 1 is a simple mechanical and biological filter,

ideal for small aquariums and bowls (up to 45 litres) or as an

additional filter in larger aquariums. SPECIAL CARBON FILTER PADSfilter out harmful liquid substances, dyes, medicinesand extremely fine suspendedparticles and contaminants. Carbon improves the clarity,colour and smell of the waterwithout altering the water properties.

DOUBLE FILTER CARTRIDGEReplace Foam Pads one at

a time, to preserve beneficial bacteria

The external filter is a system where thepump, filtration media and other mechanicalelements of the filter are housed outside theaquarium - usually in a canister.

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Think outside the box

Water is pumped from the aquarium

into the canister, through various

stages of the filter, then returned to

the aquarium, clean and oxygenated.

The external canisters are less

invasive, leaving more tank space,

and make it easy to change and

adjust media. Many use

a multi-stage system of

filtration, allowing

careful fine-tuning of

your water quality and

the encouragement of

various helpful bacteria.

The wide variety of filter

materials available

ensures waste-free

water, strong

biological

purification and

gives you pro-active

control of water

characteristics.

Multi-Stage FiltrationThe multi-stage filtration system

utilises the entire canister volume

for radically increased water flow

efficiency. Its mechanical stage

features vertical twin foam

pre-filters, to increase flow and

reduce maintenance. The chemical and

biological stages are housed in independent

modules. This means you can change filter

media independently and ensure a constant

level of all important nitrifying bacteria.

External FiltersT H E U LT I M AT EM U LT I - S TA G E S Y S T E M

STEP 2

O5CANISTER FILTERS

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Instant PrimeNo need for manual siphoning.

AquastopStops water flowwithout needing todisconnect hoses.Eliminates leaks and mess.

Lift Lock ClampsSecurely locks coverin place. Simply liftto open for easy maintenance.

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480 LPH106 gallons

680 LPH150 gallons

1000 LPH220 gallons

1300 LPH286 gallons

AQUARIUMS up to PUMP OUTPUT

TECHNICAL INFO

STEP 2

HIGH PERFORMANCE CANISTER FILTERS

SMART PUMPTM

TECHNOLOGYDesigned for reliable filtration in a finely adjusted aquarium environment, theSmart Pumptechnology isequipped with amicrochip whichpermanentlymonitors thepump. Speedand efficiency of the magneticimpeller are constantly monitoredin order to guarantee a powerfulwater flow and highest energyefficiency.

Instructional DVDincluded for easysetup, so there’sno guesswork andno confusion

THE FX5 HIGH PERFORMANCEEXTERNAL FILTER is a systemwhich offers the keen enthusiast a professionallevel of power and a host ofinnovative features

For aquariums up to 1,500 litres.

Pump performance 2,100 litres(3,500 litres - without load).

5.9 litres of filtering volume.

Many kinds of different media are available to help you achievethe perfect balance in your aquarium.

FoamFilter BlockActs like a strainerto prevent wastefrom clogging thebiological andmechanical media.

Pre-FilterSmall, inert, solidceramic rings allowparticles of wasteand detritus to beremoved and helpsextend timebetween filter cleaning.

BiomaxPorous ceramic rings provide a huge surface area to promote powerful bacterialgrowth to help controlharmful ammonia andnitrite.

CarbonCarbon is a natural purifierideal for both fresh andmarine water. The granulesincrease the surface area,trapping waste and removingurine, dyesor otherunwantedchemicals.

Ammonia RemoverRemoves harmful ammonia before it canaffect your fish. Intended for fresh water use, it can helpreduce the build-up of ammonia seen in new setupsor heavily stocked aquariums.

Media matters STEP 2

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Save money and buy Bulk packs...

900g Carbon

1200g Zeo-Carb

1600g Ammonia Remover

Lab Series

PhosphateRemoverSuper absorbentand fast acting

Nitrate RemoverScience gradeion exchangeresin

Opti-CarbRemoves toxins,metals and proteins

12

STEP 2

Media for externals

Extra Value packsContains 3 essential media for regular maintenance:- Water Polishing Pads,Carbon and Ammonia Remover

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BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION

Zeo-CarbThis blend of Carbon and AmmoniaRemover eliminatesliquified impurities and toxic ammonia.

CHEMICAL FILTRATION

CHEMICAL FILTRATION

Polishing PadRemoves fine particles and debris to quickly clear cloudy water.

MECHANICAL FILTRATION

The illustration above shows the recommended placement of thatmedia in the module stack

ClearmaxTraps phosphate, nitriteand nitrate to reducealgae.

Best AdviceMake sure you replace media at recommended intervals tokeep it working to its full potential

A heater is essential to maintain an ideal water temperature for fish.Extreme fluctuations can stress fish so keep an eye on the heater’s performance and use a thermometer for an at-a-glance check.

provide accurate readings with an easy to set,

easy to read temperature dial. A ceramic heater

core disperses heat evenly to minimise ‘hot

spots’ and a patented thermal sensor provides

precise readings.

Tronic Guardssafeguard the heater from accidental breakage

and protect fish from burns and lesions.

Aquarium Lighting...

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STEP 2STEP 2

Lighting allows naturalplants to grow

Lighting enhances the colourof your fish

Choose only neon tubesspecifically designed foraquariums

Fluorescent Bulbs

Lighting andHeating tips

1 When installing electricalequipment always read themanufacturers’ instructions.

2 Be sure to check thetemperature of the waterevery day and especiallybefore introducing your fish,adjust and wait if necessary.

3 Your heater must never bekept out of the water whenturned on, it may becomedamaged or cause burns.

4 If your aquarium is sited in a cold room the wattagerecommended should be doubled, if in doubt consultyour local fish specialist.

5 Always use a thermometer.

6 Fish do not have eyelids so don’t just switch on theaquarium lights - switch onthe room lights or open thecurtains first - give your fish a chance to adjust to changing light levels.

Watts Capacity

50W 50 litres / 10 gal100W 100 litres / 20 gal150W 150 litres / 30 gal200W 200 litres / 40 gal300W 300 litres / 60 gal

NOTE:Many external operating conditions such as

(a) Room temperature variance (b) Lack of aquarium cover (c) Presence of submersible pumps and filters (d) Aquarium placement in proximity to heat or cooling sources

may call for a more powerful heater to be required in an individual installation

Lighting serves two main purposes - providing essential

stimulation to your plants and fish, while giving a beautiful

visual effect. The right lighting can both enhance the look of

your aquarium, as well as recreating the changing

patterns of sunlight in nature. Fluorescent lighting is best - it is

efficient, covers the length of the tank and can be selected

to provide the optimum light for your aquarium.

Fluorescent bulbs within a canopyallow excellent efficiency and have the added advantage of

an anti-capillary barrier to prevent water

seepage.

THE AQUARIUM MUST BELIT FOR 8 TO 12 HOURS PERDAY:8 to 10 hours per day if the

aquarium has no plants or only

artificial plants. Beyond this time

the appearance of green algae

would be inevitable.

10 to 12 hours per day if the

aquarium contains natural plants.

Less time will cause brown algae,

greater time will cause green

algae to appear.

Turn the aquarium on

and off at fixed times.

To do so, you may

use an electronic timer.

Neon tubes last approximately 1 year

maximum. They continue to operate beyond

this time, but they are no longer effective in

the aquarium. You must therefore rememberto change them once a year.

General purpose aquarium lighting

Simulates strong midday sunlight

Intensifies fish colour & promotesplant growth

Optimises plant growth

Promotes coral, invertebrate andplant growth

SUN-GLO

LIFE-GLO

AQUA-GLO

FLORA-GLO

POWER-GLO

AQUARIUM HEATERS

TRONIC

...and Heating

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One of the joys of the aquarium

is the striking effect it has on a

room- subtle, graceful and

fascinating- you’ll want to give

it pride of place. However, there

are a number of simple rules for

locating your aquarium to get

the most from it and ensure the

health and welfare of your fish.

You’ve decided on the type of fish you wantto keep, purchased all the equipment youwill need to make them comfortable, now youneed to decide where they will live.

Location, Location, Location

Away from direct sunlight. If placed too close to a window,

an aquarium can developsignificant algae problems.

Away from direct sources of heat,such as fires and radiators.

Away from sources of sound, speakers, or TVs. On sturdy, level,even surfaces. Do not place your

aquarium on wrought ironand angle iron stands, hi-fi, video,

TV cabinets or other articles offurniture or self-assembly furniture.

Make sure your aquarium is:

Remember 1 litre of water weighs as muchas 1 kilo.

Always use the correct

stand.

Use of any other kind of furniture or base will invalidate yourguarantee.

Best AdviceGive yourself easy access toyour aquarium - leave about6 to 7cm behind the aquariumto run the wires, and makesure you have unrestrictedaccess to the canopy.

Filling your Aquarium

Make sure the tank itself is cleanand dry before you start.

Wash any gravel, rocks, wood or other items in running water.

Place a few rocks in the bottomof the tank, not too close to theglass and evenly distributed.

Add the gravel so that it slopesfrom the front, up to the back to give an illusion of depth and to help collect debris at the front of the aquarium.

Backgrounds can add an instantatmosphere to your tank, and helpconceal any unsightly wires, cablesand tubes. They come in a widevariety of styles and designs - fromwashable plastic to realistic 3D rockor bark effects.

Once you have decided on the best position for youraquarium, you need to beginto make it ready for your fish.This must be done with theaquarium in place as movingit once full of water isinadvisable.

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STEP 4

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STEP 3

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STEP 4

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STEP 4

Place the electrical equipment - pump,filter, heater*. Don’t plug them in yet.Make sure you have read the instructions for each item.

Fill to half - full with water. It is a goodidea to place a small bowl on thegravel while filling to prevent gravelfrom washing away. Now is a goodtime to add any plants (see step 5).

Once your aquarium is fully planted, top up the tank, plug in and, havingremoved your hands from the water,switch on the equipment.

Once your aquarium is set up, testto make sure the equipment is working. Make the necessary water temperature and filter flow adjustments and introduce

Cycleand Aqua Plus.Adding a small quantity of

Max food will help to establish ‘friendly” bacteria in your filter.(*except for coldwater aquariums)

Best AdviceBefore putting your hands in the water,always remember to switch off electricalequipment.

Best AdviceMake sure you allow enoughelectrical flex to make a driploop to prevent water drippingdown the flex into plugs orunprotected devices.

Placing theElectrical Equipment

Rocks and DriftwoodGeosystem Rocks and Driftwood help you to create wonderfully naturallooking scenes in your aquarium. Select ornaments and gravel which lookgood together and use plants to completethe picture.Don’t be tempted to use stones from yourgarden - they may contain microscopic parasites or minerals which may affect thewater chemistry.

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Mopani Driftwood

Aquascape RockDriftwoodOrnament

Refer to the separate instructionsfor the set-up of the Fluval Externalfilter.

Best AdviceWhen positioning heavyrocks or ornaments insidethe tank, be very careful not to knock the glass

Geosystem Mopani Driftwood is anentirely natural, ornamental root whichhas been sandblasted to prevent watercontamination.

Geosystem Aquascape Rocks andDriftwood Ornaments have a naturalappearance and are lightweight, easy tomaintain and do not affect waterchemistry.

Caring for Aquatic Plants

CO2 Natural Plant System delivers a powerfulsource of carbon dioxide which helpsplants to flourish and grow. Your aquatic garden will take on a newvibrancy, even after just 15 days!

• Safe, economic, efficient

• Reduces algae growth

• Keeps aquarium plants healthy andencourages growth

• Visible results in just 15 days

• Natural fermentation - nothing to regulate

• Delivers nature’s most powerful carbon dioxide source for plants

• Finally a system that everyone can use and afford

Natural Plant System

Food for growthAquatic plants can use up the naturally occurring minerals in water. Use Plant Gro Ironenriched liquid fertiliser to replace them.It provides balanced nutrients and minerals that help grow healthy andvibrant plants. Monitor iron levels withthe Iron Test Kit.

STEP 5

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STEP 5

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Natural plants absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen for the benefit of the whole aquarium, including beneficial bacteria.

Planting your Aquarium

Live plants come in a huge selectionand provide not just a visual settingfor your fish, but also help withpracticalities.

They aid the filtration processby absorbing ammonia, nitritesand phosphates.

They produce oxygen, and absorb carbon dioxide, see opposite page.

Plants provide natural shelter for your fish.

Provide a dynamic, changingenvironment.

When arranging your plantsand other decorative items,arrange them across theback and down the sides ofyour aquarium, leaving aclear space in the front.Keep rocks away from theglass.

Handy hint: Artificial plants are an excellent option forbeginners and experts alike. Made from silks, plastics and otherdurable materials and available in a staggering range of shapesand sizes, artificial plants provide an instant, maintenance freeenvironment. They are also perfect for goldfish and cichlidaquariums as these species will eat real plants!

The following speciesare ideal for beginners as they areboth tolerant anddurable.

The plants you choose for your aquarium can make a big difference to the kind of environment you arepreparing for your fish. It is well worth seekingadvice from your supplier as to the appropriatenessof certain plants for the temperature and hardness ofyour water and their compatibility with the fish youintend to keep.

Cryptocoryne wendtii (Water Trumpet)Plant in groups,mid-groundplacement, grows

rapidly, providesbrownish leaves.

Microsoriumpteropus (Java Fern):Attaches to driftwood or rocks,flourishes in lowto high light and

at various pH andhardness values.

Hygrophila Difformi(Wisteria) Growsrapidly, recommendedfor new aquariums,rapidly absorbs micro-

nutrients, Plant GroIron Enriched stronglyrecommended.

Echinodorus osiris(Red Amazon)Excellent foregroundfeature plant providesred coloured leaves,

suited to 100 litretanks & up.

Vallisneria spiralis(Spiral Vallis)Suggested forbackgroundplacement, goodchoice for new

installations andhardwater, rapid

growing.

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STEP 6

23

STEP 5

22

Once your tank is properly located, setup, filled and plantedyou may want to rushout and start buyingfish.

BE PATIENT.You may be tempted, but doresist- fish should be introducedslowly, over a period of weeksrather than days, and you shouldmake absolutely sure theirenvironment is as perfect as itcan be or your enjoyment maybe short-lived.

Your tank may look ready, butthe water is the most importantpart. Over a period of about 10days the ‘maturing’ processbegins when natural bacteria,

Preparing your Aquariumfor Fish

beneficial to fish, start to coatall the interior surfaces insidethe tank, including gravel, decorations, filter, filter foamand the tank walls. You canspeed up this process with

Cycle.

Add a dose of Cycle. This is a densely concentrated solution of goodbacteria which helps theaquarium to mature morequickly so you can start to addfish after 48 hours. If you don’tadd Cycle,leave the aquarium with its’ fil-ter running for at least 2-3 weeksbefore introducing one or twohardy fish.

Before you add fish, use aTest Kit to

check the levels of toxins likeammonia, to be on the safe

Best AdviceAdd a few flakes of Max food at the same time as the

Cycle to let thebacteria feed anddevelop correctlyin the filter.

side. The new aquarium is vulnerable to a conditionknown as New TankSyndrome where levelsof ammonia suddenlypeak and the developing populationsof bacteria are notestablished enough tocontrol it. These unstableconditions can beextremely harmful tofish.

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2

Driftwood Ornament

NATURAL PLANTS & GRAVEL

Cabomba Caroliniana (Green Cabomba) 1

Chlorophytum Bichetii (Wheat Plant) 2

Valisneria Spiralis (Straight Vallis) 3

Cabomba Australis (Red Cabomba) 4

Echinodorus Paniiculatus (Common Amazon Sword) 5

Anubias Barteri Var. Nana (Anubias Nana) 6

Geosystem Natural Gravel Black Beach 7

Valisneria Torta (Twisted Vallis) 8

Marina 3D Textured Rock Background 9

This beautiful aquarium is a natural

planted arrangement providing a

stunning backdrop for tropical fish.

Use the layout below to create it for

yourself.

Here are some general tips to help:

• Place taller plants at the back and shorter plants to the foreground.

• Combine plants with different leaf shapes.

• Plant in groups, don’t dot individual plants around.

• A background scene or rock effect wall will transform the overall look of your aquarium without taking up valuable swimming space.

• Always rinse gravel, wood or stone ornaments before placing in the tank.

• Substitute with artificial plants here and there, they look remarkably natural.

A Stunning Scene for your Aquarium

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2

4

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Driftwood OrnamentDriftwood Ornament

filters are designed

to remove toxic ammonia and

nitrites from your aquarium

water using a process essential

for a healthy aquarium called

The Nitrogen Cycle.

The Nitrogen Cycle (see chart)

Ammonia and nitrite are naturally occurring, butrelatively harmful compounds.Nitrate is relatively safe. Whenan aquarium is first set up, thebacteria that help regulatethe harmful compounds takea while to establish. Beforethey do, the water needs to gothrough the nitrogen cycle.

The bacteria that begin theprocess are the nitrosomonas.They reproduce every eighthours, and convert ammoniato nitrites. This will take aboutten days - during which timeammonia levels can be high.That is why you should alwaysstart your aquarium with justa few of the more hardyspecies, change water oftenand use Cycle to introduce idealstrains of ‘friendly’ bacteria.

After ten days, the secondtype of bacteria begins topopulate the tank -nitrobacter.

THE NITROGEN CYCLE

This strain converts the still dangerous nitrites into relativelyharmless nitrates. This takes about21 to 30 days, after which all the nitrite should be gone. You should carry out as many partial water changes as you can in these first phases.

Once the friendly bacteria areestablished, levels of ammoniaand nitrite will be kept under control naturally, unless somethingoccurs to dramatically reduce bacteria levels.

The Nitrogen CycleAmmonia, Nitrites and Nitrates explained

Best AdviceRemember prevention is better thancure, so test weekly for ammonia,nitrate and nitrite and dose with

Cycle to boostpopulations of ‘friendly’ bacteria

STEP 6

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STEP 6

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Water : The ScienceTEST REGULARLY - every few weeks -

and adjust as necessary. You can also get

Test Kits for KH/GH

(Carbonate Hardness & General

Hardness) and Low or High Range pH.

Water that is healthy for humans is

particularly bad for fish. We are far

more robust animals whose

main requirement from

drinking water is that it is free

from bacteria. Fish are delicate

and need water that is free

from harsh chemicals such as

chlorine and chloramines, and

can support helpful bacteria.

Dosing with Aqua Plus

will eliminate traces of chlorine and

chloramines and neutralise toxic heavy

metals contained in your tap water.

Once your tank is filled, there are some

measurable aspects of water that must

be regularly tested and adjusted

if you are to maintain a perfect

environment for your fish.

For example, the pH is

the relative acidity or

alkalinity of the water.

Water quality is themost important aspectof keeping fish.Maintaining the optimumwater quality will helpyou keep your fishhealthy and happy, andmake the aquarium a

beautiful and exciting additionto your home.

The Mini Master Test Kitbrings together everything you need for routineweekly water testing (pH wide range, ammonia,nitrate and nitrite) and comes complete with stand,test tubes and pipette.

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Water hardness and pH are two basicparameters that are easily measuredwith Test Kits and areimportant in providing an optimalaquarium environment.

It is recommended to test tap water atleast on a regular basis to make noteof any fluctuations and adjustaccordingly with effective productssuch as

pH Adjust up ,pH Adjust down

and pH Stabiliser.

The following groups of fish generally prefer these listed pH ranges:

Water ParameterspH, GH and KH

LIVEBEARERS:7.0 to 7.6

AFRICAN CICHLIDS:7.8 to 8.5

SOUTH AMERICANCICHLIDS:6.2 to 6.8

TETRAS:6.2 to 6.8

SOUTHAMERICAN CATFISH

(Corydoras, etc.)

5.8 to 7.0

GOLDFISH & KOI:7.0 to 7.5

RAINBOWS:7.0 to 7.4

RASBORAS:6.2 to 6.8

Your local tap watermay necessitate the use of certain filter media to helpachieve favourable conditions forfish and plants.

If you choose a External Filter, peat is probably one of themost useful media for hard alkalinetap water when acidic, soft wateroriginating species of fish and/ orplants are being kept.➔ ➔

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There is a comprehensive range of test kits availabletoday. All are high quality, user friendly and come with easy to followinstructions providing fast accurate results. The success of your aquarium may depend on them.

Water Testing Made Simple

1 Gasping for air 1& 2

2 Listless at tankbottom 1& 2

3 Erratic movementsand jumping 2

4 Stress-related illness(eg. Ich (white spots),fungus (cottonytexture), etc.)

5 New fish doing poorlywhen first introducedto an establishedaquarium

6 Green algae

7 Red algae

8 Brown algae 3

9 Black algae(hair algae)

10 Cloudy water

11 Yellow-colouredwater

12 Bad odour 4

13 Poor colour

14 Yellow spots

15 Poor general growth

16 Poor stem growth

17 Leaves falling off

SYMPTOMS

NH3NH4

NO2 NO3 pH PO4 Fe GH KH

Amm

onia

Nitr

ite

Nitr

ate

pH Phos

phat

e

Iron

GH

KH

FOOTNOTES1 Ammonia toxicity2 Nitrite toxicity - depletes

oxygen from the blood

3 May be due to lack of light4 Perform a partial water

change and use thecarbon pad in your filter

PL

AN

TS

WA

TE

RQ

UA

LIT

YF

ISH

STEP 6

27

STEP 6

26

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Best AdviceMake sure you check compatibility, temperature,pH and hardnessrequirements for eachspecies.

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How many fish can I keep?It depends on species and your preference, but you should

allow a minimum of 3 litres of water for every 1cm of fish,

excluding the tail. Remember your fish will grow, so

allow some extra space.

Helping your fishget used to youraquarium is important if yourfish are going toremain healthythrough thiscritical periodof transition.

Fish don’t like surprises. They do not react well to rapid

changes in temperature, handling or rapid movements.

Always make sure you handle them gently and allow them

sufficient time to get used to new surroundings.

The best way to introduce fish into yourtank is as follows:

Add a full dose of Aqua Plus to the

aquarium, its patented stress relieving ingredients will

benefit new specimens. Turn off the aquarium lights

during acclimatisation. Float the bag containing the fish

in the aquarium for about 20 minutes to equalise

water temperature.

Open the bag and add a little aquarium water -about 1/3 the bag's volume.

Wait 10 minutes and repeat.

Carefully remove the fish with your net and placethem in the aquarium or tip the bag on its side toallow the fish to swim out.

If these are the very first fish in the aquarium, waita full 24 hours before feeding.

Acclimatising your FishOnce you are confidentyou have ideal waterconditions, you canbegin to introduce some fish.

Introducing your Fish

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When buying fish, you are well advised

to look closely at each specimen, and

check for health and vitality. Specific

points to watch out for are:

Clear eyes.

Erect, undamaged fins.

Good scales, no missing ordamaged areas - especiallyred blotches or scales thatstick out.

No holes, ulcers, lumps,white spots, or cottonygrowths on the fins or body.

Translucent fish should showno signs of white blurring.

Regular respiration rates.

Gills should be red on theinside, not puffy or distended.

Actively feeding.

Obviously, if one fish is visibly sick,

you may want to avoid buying any

other fish from that tank.

Take advice from your

local aquatic retailer as

to what are the most

suitable types to keep in

your aquarium.

It is best to buy a small

group of fish every two

weeks, and gradually

introduce them into your

aquarium. This allows

ample time for the

bacteria to multiply and

for fish to settle in before

new fish arrive.

Selectingyour Fish

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

If you are setting up a

community tank - an

aquarium for a variety of

different species - avoid

territorial Cichlids - they

require a special rocky

environment, hardened

water and will damage

plants.

STEP 7

28 29

STEP 8


1. Make sure you knowthe feeding requirementsof your fish.

2. Wait at least 30 minutes after you turn thelights on to begin feeding.

3. Keep dry food awayfrom moisture, especiallywet hands.

Fish need careful, regular feeding with a variety of the right

types of food in order to remain healthy and to thrive.

Good nutrition will ensure your fish are colourful, lively, free from

disease and able to reproduce.

6. Use bottom-feedingtablets for bottom dwellingfish.

7. Use high quality foodssuch as Max.

8. Provide a varied balanced diet - a minimumof two different types offood.

Feeding your Fish How much do I feed?

Feeding Tips

Max is a range of complete, balanced fish foods that have been specially produced using top quality ingredients containing essential nutrients,minerals, and vitamins. It contains no artificial preservatives or additives.

All the varieties contain pre-digestedplankton, a colour enhancing compoundand other highly beneficial supplements.

It is available in flake, freeze-dried, granular,stick and tablet form.

Max is formulated to provideprecisely the right amount of phosphorous,helping to CONTROL ALGAE and the lowestash content to reduce waste.

Less waste, less algae - less work for you!

4. Use aFeeding Ring to keepsurface food under control.

5. Use an automaticfeeder such as Nutramaticor Nutramatic 2x to regulatefeeding.

Every species is different and you should seek advice

as to the right feeding regime for your fish. However, as

a rule of thumb most surface feeders will eat all they need in about two minutes, two or three times daily, while bottom dwellers take a little longer- about 5 minutes. Just a pinch of food is required.

BEST ADVICE Always remove any uneaten food with a net.

Yes, you can take a HolidayNUTRAMATIC & NUTRAMATIC 2X AUTOMATIC FISH FOOD FEEDERS -

dispense the desired volume of food up to twice daily. Ideal for every day or holiday use.

MaxFeeding Ring controlsfood dispersal andreduces wasted food,therefore cutting downon aquarium pollution.

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STEP 9STEP 9

Best AdviceIf you’re planning to goaway for a while, NutrafinHoliday Fish Food blocks willkeep your fish nourishedwith a time-released sourceof food. The blocks also neutralise pH and purifywater.

Best AdviceOne of the most common mistakesis to overfeed your fish. Excess foodleft in the water will decay and pollute the aquarium, leading to adirty tank and serious water qualityproblems.


3332

You need to get to know your fish well if you are going to beable to spot disease or illnessbefore it becomes untreatable,so spend time observing your fish, how they move and interact with their environment.

If you see any variation, the first thing to do

is to check water quality as it may be a sign

of pollution or poor water conditions. If this

is not the problem you will need to seek

advice from an authority on fish - your local

supplier for instance.

Caring for Poorly FishPrevention is better than cure

Ich IllnessWhite spots

Fin and Tail RotTorn ragged fins, possiblystuck together

Eye Cloud or Pop EyeProtruding or cloudy eyes

Body Slime and Mouth FungusWhite viscous film on lipsand mouth

Most living organisms can sufferillness at one time or another. Themost effective way to deal with thisreality is to prevent, rather thanwait for a possible problem. Theconsequences of having to treata stocked aquarium with a medication can be stressful anddamaging in itself. Many plants,fish and helpful bacteria can sufferas a result of using medication.

8 Regular illumination periods are importantfor fish and plants. Switch lights on and off at the same time every day or use an automatic timer.

9 If a medication has been used, after thetreatment is complete, perform additionalwater changes and use carbon filter media to remove residual traces.Test water and dose with Cycle and Aqua Plus.(NB. Carbon should always be removed from thefilter during medication and replaced only whentreatment is complete).

10 Supply regular feedings of various qualityfoods. Max providescomplete nutrition.

The following list provides general pointsthat support disease prevention:

1 Choose only healthy fish, avoid purchasesfrom aquariums containing sick fish.

2 Purchase fish in limited groups, slowlybuild fish populations.

3 Consider a quarantine aquarium. This will allow observation and preventativetreatments before exposing new fish toestablished aquarium inhabitants.

4 Follow proper acclimatisation of newspecimens.

5 Always condition new water with Aqua Plus before adding

to the aquarium.Chlorine, chloramine, andmetalsare damaging to aquarium inhabitants.

6 Perform basic water tests andmaintenance on a regular basis.

7 After power failures, ensure that allequipment is working properly. Observefish carefully, temperature variations willstress them.

COMMON FISH DISEASESWhite Spot Disease A common ailment that respondsto treatment well, although it is best to treat the whole tank.

Tailrot/Finrot Look for torn, ragged or stuck- togetherfins. Try to treat at early stage - if the rot reaches thebody, cure is unlikely.

Velvet Disease Infected fish have a dusty look, thetreatment is similar to White Spot.

Skin/Gill Flukes Watch for fish scratching themselveson rocks or plants, this nasty parasite causes colour tofade and fish to become feeble - they may rest near thesurface. It responds well to treatment.

Slimy Skin A thin grey film that covers their body -usually in response to parasites.

Pox White spots that join to form patches.Fish become emaciated and twisted - oftencaused by poor condition and food.

Fungus Usually only attacks fish weakenedby other poor conditions, disease or parasites.Healthy fish will not be affected.

Mouth Fungus Unlike body fungus,this requires specific treatment.

Eye Infections Cloudy, protrudingeyes could be the sign of fungus, bacteria,parasites or even fish tuberculosis.

Dropsy Highly contagious and difficultto cure, the fish's body can become sobloated that the scales protrude.Sick fish must be removed at once.

STEP 10STEP 10

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34

STEP 11

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35Algae is a sign ofgood health andbalance in youraquarium. However,if it gets out of handit can be a sign thatall is not well andunless correctedquickly, it can haveadverse effects onfish and plants.

There are a numberof common types:

GREEN ALGAEAppears as small greenspots and dots on glass,rocks and gravel, as well as‘green water’.

FILAMENTOUS ALGAEDark green ‘hairs’ attachedto gravel or plant stems.

FEATHER ALGAEVery dark green tufts ondecorations, pumps filtersetc.

BROWN ALGAEThin layers on glass andplant leaves.

It is impossible, and undesirable,to eliminate algae completely

Algae How to keep it under control?

Keeping your aquarium out of direct sunlight.

Make sure your lighting is not on too long (greenalgae), and not off too long (brown algae).

Change water regularly, removing water from thelower levels of your aquarium where the nitrateslurk.

Use low-phosphate foods like Max.

Monitor the state of your water every day.

Test phosphate levels weekly.

In extreme or difficult cases askprofessional advice - you mayneed to use an algaecide or ionexchange resin, such as

Clearmax

Avoid algae invasion by:

Regular Care & MaintenanceCaring for your fish means caring for your aquarium.

The best route to effective maintenance is to do certain essential tasks on a regular basis - this will save you time in the long run.

Use the following pages to help establish an effective care routine...

STEP 12

You will need to carry out regular (once a week oronce a fortnight, depending on aquarium conditions)partial water changes - but never change more than 40%of the water at any given time.

Never completely empty your aquarium to clean it -it will stress your fish and disturb the natural balance of theaquarium.

Change your filter media a half at a time to preservehelpful bacteria. Only use aquarium water to rinse themedia - never tap water.

Never use soap or detergent on anything that willcome into contact with your fish or their water.

Take care when cleaning near the gravel -it can scratch the glass.

Only put your hands in the tank when absolutelynecessary - the oils on your hands can alarm your fish.Don’t use perfume, handcream etc. before putting your hands in the water.


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STEP 12 STEP 12

Care Kit Everybody planning on keeping fish will need a fewessential items - inexpensive but indispensable

Gravel Cleaner

Used to remove waste,debris, excess food andsludge.

Multi-Vac Cleaner

A 3 in 1 battery poweredgravel cleaner, water siphonand algae cleaner.

Plastic Bucketfor Aquarium use only

You will need a clean plastic bucket - to holdsiphoned water duringwater changes, and tohold fresh tap water andwater conditioner whilerefilling your aquarium.

or

Marina Long ReachAlgae Scrub

Marina Net

Marina Multi-VacCleaner

Algae ScraperDesigned to effectivelyremove algae withoutscratching the tank.

A NetAs well as being beautifulto look at, most fish are delicate creatures and do notrespond well to handling.Always use a purpose-designed fish net to lift them. Also handy for removing tinybits of leftover food.

Don’t forget to maintainyour regular supplies ofwater treatments too,they are a major influenceon the quality of thewater. Without themaquarium conditions candeteriorate quickly.

Keep up with your stockof:

Aqua Plusand Cycle

Fluval Plus FilterPads

Fluval External Foam Pads

Fluval Biomax

Marina Easy CleanGravel Cleaner

Keep a variety of foods for the different fish inyour aquarium. Flakes are for surface feeders, slow-sinking pelletsor granules for mid-waterfeeders and tablets for bottom feeders.

Maxcaters for the needs of different species.

MediaKeep spare, replacement mediafor your Fluval internal or external filter. Carbon andPolyester are especially useful.Extra Fine polyester pads filterout extremely fine particles andcontaminants. Carbon improveswater by filtering out harmfulliquid substances, dyes, medicines and contaminantswithout altering the water'sproperties. Other media's are also available, seepage 12-13 for more information.

STEP 12

39

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10 Basic Rules for aSuccessful Aquarium

1. Provide appropriate, regular, variedfeeding - two or three times a day.

2. Keep fish populations within reasonable limits.

3. Follow our daily, weekly, monthly and yearly checklists.

4. Choose fish that are compatible, but which occupy different levels of the aquarium.

5. Choose your filtration system carefully.

6. Use living plants where possible.

7. Choose the largest aquarium your budget and space will allow - this will help water stability and give you more choice.

8. Keep water stable and well conditioned.

9. Plan your aquarium - don’t rush the early stages.

.10. Enjoy your aquarium - it is a true

glimpse of a fascinating underwater world.

Every Month

Maintain filter, check the impeller

and change the relevant filter

media.

Check your supplies of food,water conditioners, media andother regularly used items.

Every Year

Change your Fluorescent

Bulbs.

If your aquarium filter includes aUV Steriliser, remember to replacethe bulb.

38

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The best formula for successful fishkeeping is to keep aregular maintenance schedule

Essential Schedule STEP 12

Every Day

Feed fish - be careful not to

overfeed.

Check all inhabitants for

disease, liveliness and normal

behaviour.

Check temperature, and make sure pumps, filters and lights arerunning smoothly.

Remove any debris - dead leaves,uneaten food etc.

Every Week

Because wastes accumulate

continuously, a partial water change -

about 10 - 20% - is essential to

ensure cleanliness and to reduce

build up of unwanted chemical

waste (frequency of water change

depends on filter type and aquarium

set-up).

Be sure to replace any water you

remove with water conditioned with

Aqua Plus, which

should be at the same temperature

as the aquarium.

Use a gravel cleaner to removewaste and syphon off water.

Clean fluorescent tubes and fixtures to maintain a consistent lightsource.

Clean inner and outer glass surfaces with specially designedalgae scrapers.

Test the water. Dose withCycle. Rinse foam

media in aquarium water. If you are using a Filter,extra fine polyester pads remove fineparticles in the water caused bydisturbing the gravel.

DISTRIBUTED BY:

UK: Rolf C. Hagen (U.K.) Ltd.,Castleford, W. Yorkshire, WF10 5QH

If you have any questions or queries, don’thesitate to call us on our Helpline number:01977 556622 or contact us through ourweb site at www.hagen.com

S77Printed in England

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