uk_m09-1150b
TRANSCRIPT
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NC
8400 steel cooling towerINSTALLATION - OPERATION - MAINTENANCE
uk_M09-1150B ISSUE D 8/2012 READ AND U NDERSTAND THIS MANUAL PRIOR TO OPERAT ING OR SERVICING THIS PRODUCT.
USER MANUAL
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contents
Tower Location ............................................................................................................5
Tower Shipment...........................................................................................................5
Receiving Tower ..........................................................................................................5
Hoisting Tower .............................................................................................................5
Tower Installation.........................................................................................................6Tower Start-Up .........................................................................................................13
Tower Operation .......................................................................................................15
Wintertime Operation..............................................................................................17
Water Treatment and Blowdown ..........................................................................19
Cooling Tower Cleaning .........................................................................................21
Schedule o Tower Maintenance ..........................................................................24
Motor Relubrication Instructions ..........................................................................26
Seasonal Shutdown Instructions .........................................................................27
Prolonged Shutdown ..............................................................................................28
Maintenance Schedule ...........................................................................................29
Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................30
Additional Inormation .............................................................................................32
NoteThis manual contains vital inormation or the proper installation and
operation o your cooling tower. Careully read the manual beore
installation or operation o the tower and ollow all instructions.
Save this manual or uture reerence.
Indicates presence o a hazard which can cause severe personal
injury, death or substantial property damage i ignored.
Indicates presence o a hazard which will or can cause personal
injury or property damage i ignored.
Indicates special instructions on installation, operation or main-
tenance which are important but not related to personal injury
hazards.
Warning
Caution
Note
The ollowing dened terms are used throughout this manual to bring attention
to the presence o hazards o various risk levels, or to important inormation
concerning the lie o the product.
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preparation
The Marley NC cooling tower purchased or this installation represents the cur-
rent state o the art in crossfow, induced drat cooling tower design. Thermally
and operationally, it is the most ecient cooling tower o its class.
These instructionsas well as those oered separately on motors, ans, Geare-
ducers, couplings, drive shats, foat valves, etc.are intended to assure that
the tower serves you properly or the maximum possible time. Since product
warrantability may well depend upon your actions, please read these instruc-
tions thoroughly prior to operation.
I you have questions about the operation and/or maintenance o this tower,
and you dont nd the answers in this manual, please contact your Marleysales representative. When writing or inormation, or when ordering parts,
please mention tower serial number shown on the nameplate located on the
access door.
Saety First
The location and orientation o the cooling tower can aect the saety o those
responsible or installing, operating or maintaining the tower. However, since
SPX Cooling Technologies does not determine the location or orientation o
the tower, we cannot be responsible or addressing those saety issues thatare aected by the towers location or orientation.
WARNING
The ollowing saety issues should be considered by those respon-
sible or designing the tower installation.
accesstoandfromthefandeck
accesstoandfrommaintenanceaccessdoors
thepossibleneedforladders(eitherportableorpermanent)to
gainaccesstothefandeckormaintenanceaccessdoors
thepossibleneedforhandrailsaroundthefandeck
thepossibleneedforexternalaccessplatforms
potentialaccessproblemsduetoobstructionssurroundingthe
tower
lockoutofmechanicalequipment
thepossibleneedforsafetycagesaroundladders
theneedtoavoidexposingmaintenancepersonneltothepoten-
tially unsae environment inside the tower.
Warning
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preparation
Those are only some o the saety issues that may arise in the design
process. SPX strongly recommends that you consult a saety engineer
to be sure that all saety considerations have been addressed.
Several options are available that may assist you in addressing some o these
personnel saety concerns, including:
a handrail system around the perimeter o the an deck with either one or
two ladders or access to the deck
ladder extensions (used where the base o the tower is elevated)
saety cages or an deck ladders
external lube lines
an cylinder extensions
fow control/balancing valves
an barrier
access door platorm
motor located outside the tower
external motor access platorm
Tower Location
Space available around the tower should be as generous as possible to pro-
mote ease o maintenanceand to permit reedom o airfow into and through
the tower. I you have questions about the adequacy o the available space
and the intended conguration o the tower, please contact your Marley sales
representative or guidance.
Prepare a stable, level support oundation or the tower, utilizing weight, wind
load, and dimensional inormation appearing on appropriate Marley submittal
drawings. Supports must be level to insure proper operation o the tower.
The cooling tower must be located at such distance and direction
to avoid the possibility o contaminated tower discharge air being
drawnintobuildingfreshairintakeducts.Thepurchasershouldob-
tain the services o a Licensed Proessional Engineer or Registered
Architect to certiy that the location o the tower is in compliance
with applicable air pollution, re, and clean air codes.
Warning
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Tower Shipment
Unless otherwise specied, NC towers ship by truck (on fat bed trailers),
which lets you receive, hoist, and install the tower in one continuous operation.
Single-cell towers ship on one truck. Multicell towers, depending on their size,
may require more than one truck.
Responsibility or the condition o the tower upon its arrival belongs to the
truckeras does the coordination o multiple shipments, i required.
Receiving TowerPrior to unloading the tower rom the delivering carrier, inspect the shipment
or evidence o damage in transit. I damage is apparent, note the reight bill
accordingly. This will support your uture recovery claim.
Find and remove the installation instruction drawings and bills o material
located in a plastic tote in the cold water basin. This inormation should be
kept or uture reerence and maintenance purposes.
Hoisting Tower
NC8411 through NC8414 models consist o two modules per cell. The uppermodule includes hoisting clips at the top o the module. The hoisting clips on
the lower module are located near the bottom on the sides o the cold water
basin. All other models ship in a single module.
NC upper and lower modules must be hoisted and set separately.
Do not preassemble modules prior to hoisting.
The hoisting clips or NC8409 are located near the bottom o the tower on
the cold water basin sides. The hoisting clips or all other models are located
at the top o the tower. A Hoisting-Installation label which has hoistingdimensional inormation is located on the side casing near the tower cen-
terline. Remove tower rom the carrier and hoist into place according to the
instructions on the label.
Hoisting clips are provided or ease o unloading and positioning
tower.Foroverheadlifts orwhereadditional safety is required,
saety slings should also be placed under the tower. Under no
circumstances should you combine the top and bottom modules
o modular models and attempt to hoist them at the same time by
utilizing the hoisting clips alone!
Warning
receiving and hoisting
Caution
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6
Tower Installation
These installation instructions are intended to help you prepare
before your towerarrives. If discrepanciesexist between these
instructions and those shipped with the tower, the instructions
shipped with the tower will govern.
1. Prior to placement o the tower, conrm that the supporting platorm is
level, and that the anchor bolt holes are correctly located in accordance
with Marley drawings.
2. Place tower (or bottom module o NC8411 through NC8414 models)
on your prepared supports, aligning anchor bolt holes with those in your
supporting steel. Make sure that the orientation agrees with your intended
piping arrangement. Attach tower to supporting steel with our 34"diameter
bolts and fat washers (by others). Position fat washers between the bolt
head and the tower basin fange.
3. NC8411 through NC8414 models only.Beore setting top module in place
on bottom module, clean any debris rom the underside o the top module ll,
skid and beams and rom the top o the bottom module and remove shipping
cover rom bottom o top modulereplace asteners at side o module toprevent leaks. Place top module on the top peripheral bearing surace (actory-
installed gasket) o bottom module, aligning mating holes as it is set in place.
(Make sure that the orientation o the top module agrees with your intended
piping arrangement. Sections are 180 reversible with respect to each other.)
Attach top module to bottom module with asteners providedaccording to
NC Field Installation Manual Assembly Instructions.
I tower purchased is one an cell only, ignore steps 4 through 8.
4. I collection basins are to be equalized by the use o Marley standard
fumes, unbolt the coverplate rom the basin o the cell just installed. The
coverplate is located in the center o the basin side.
5. Unbolt temporary coverplate rom the basin o the 2nd cell and set 2nd
cell (or bottom module o 2nd cell) in place. Align anchor bolt holes and
fume openings in basin sides.
6. Install fume according to Field Installation Manual instructions.
It is important that the cells be rmly anchored beore the fume is
attached to the 2nd cell.Note
Note
installation
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7. Repeat steps 2 and 3 or 2nd top section on NC8411 through NC8414
models.
8. Repeat steps 4 through 7 or any remaining cells.
9. Attach your cold water supply piping to the cold water basin outlet connec-
tion in accordance with drawing instructions, utilizing gaskets provided.
Do not support your pipe rom the tower or outlet connection
supportitexternally.
Normally, one o the ollowing three outlet arrangements is provided:
Case ace connection:This is a actory-installed, galvanized pipe nipple,
extending horizontally rom the side o the cold water basin. It is both
beveled or weldingand grooved or a mechanical coupling. I a weld
connection is used, it is recommended that the weld area be protected
against corrosion. Cold galvanizing is suggested, applied according to
the manuacturers instructions.
Bottom outlet connection: This is a actory-installed, circular opening
in the cold water basin foor o one or more cells. An appropriately-sized
circular opening has been provided to accept a 125# ANSI B16.1 fat-
ace fange connection.
Side outlet sump connection: Unless otherwise specied, sumps are
manuactured o heavy duty FRP (ber-reinorced polyester) construc-
tion. Because o their size, they are attached upside down in the basin
to prevent damage in shipment. They must be inserted into the square
opening prepared in the foor o the cold water basin o one or more cells
sealed against leakage, and attached by machine bolts, according to the
installation drawing included. An appropriately-sized circular opening in
the vertical ace o the sump has been provided to accept a 125# ANSI
B16.1 fat-ace fange connection.
10. Attach makeup water supply piping to appropriately-sized foat valve con-
nection located in cold water basin side wall. Install the drain and overfow
according to theNC Field Installation ManualAssembly Instructions.
I you wish to pipe overfow and drain water to a remote discharge point,
make those connections at this time also.
11. Attach your warm water return piping to the inlet connections o the
tower.
Caution
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Fasteners and components provided by others that are to be at-
tached to the tower must be compatible with the cooling tower
materialsi.e. asteners in a stainless steel cold water basin must
be stainless steel.
Exceptforthehorizontalcomponentsoftop-mountedpiping,and
as prescribed on Marley drawings, do not support your pipe rom
thetowerorinletconnectionsupportitexternally.
Normally, one o the ollowing our inlet arrangements is provided:
Standard distribution basin connections:These are circular openings
two per cellin the top deck o the tower near the air inlet ace, provided
to accept standard 125# fat-ace fanges. Remove the center section o
the inlet fume assembly to gain access to attach inlet asteners. (Reer
to NC Field Installation Manual shipped with tower.)
Marley ow-control valve connections (option): Marley fow-control
valvestwo per cellare designed to 1take the place o the standard
elbows normally required or inlet connection, and 2provide means o
regulating fow to both sides o the tower. Remove the center inlet fumeassembly to gain access or attachment o valves. (Reer to NC Field
Installation ManualAssembly Instructions shipped with tower.) Valves
provide a vertical ace or attachment o your standard 125# fange.
Side inlet connection (option): A pipe stub is provided in the casing
wall above the access door or connection to the external piping by means
o the rubber coupling provided.
Bottom inlet connection (option): An appropriately sized hole and
bolt circleone per cellis provided in the foor o the cold water basin.
Bolt circle is designed to accept a standard 125# fat-ace fange.
12. Wire motor in accordance with wiring diagram.
For maintenance/safety purposes, SPX recommends a lockout
typedisconnectswitchforallmechanicalequipment.Inaddition
to a disconnect switch, the motor should be wired to main power
supply through short circuit protection, and a magnetic starter with
overload protection.
Warning
Note
installation
Caution
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installation
Motor Wiring
Wire motor leads as shown on the motor nameplate matching the supply
voltage. Do not deviate rom the motor nameplate wiring.
Either o ollowing symbols may be shown on the motor nameplate
, , Y, or YY. These symbols represent how the motor is constructed on
the inside and in no way have anything to do with a Delta or Wye electrical
distribution system serving the motor.
When using a starter: Setmotoroverloadprotection to110%ofmotornameplateamps.
This setting allows the an motor to operate during cooler weather.
Duringcoolerweatheritiscommonforthemotortodraw6to10%
higher than nameplate amps. High amps are common during tower
commissioning when the tower is dry and the ambient air temperature
is cool.
Donotstartthemotormorethansixtimesperhour.Shortcycling
thetowerwillcausefuses,breakersorO.L.stooperateandwill
decrease motor lie.
When using a two-speedstarter:
Motorrotationmustbethesameatslowspeedandhighspeed.
Singlewindingmotorrequiresastarterwithashortingcontactor.
Two-windingmotorrequiresastarterwithoutashortingcontactor.
Alltwo-speedstartersmusthavea20secondtimedelayrelaywhen
switching rom high speed to low speed.
Donotstartthemotormorethanfourtovetimesperhour(each
lowspeedstartandeachhighspeedstartcountasonestart).
When using a VFD:
Beore beginning, ensure that the motor is rated or Inverter Duty
per NEMA MG-1, part 31.
SettheVFDsolidstateoverloadprotectionto119%ofmotorname-
plate amps and set maximum current parameter in the VFD to motor
nameplate amps. Maximum current parameter will reduce an speed
and limit amp draw to nameplate amps during cold weather opera-
tion.IffurnishedwithamechanicalO.L.setthisat110%overmotor
nameplate amps.
Note
Note
Note
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installation
Motor rotationmustbethe sameinbothVFDmodeandBy-pass
mode.
IfcabledistancebetweentheVFDandmotorisgreaterthan31meters
a DV/DT output lter is recommended to avoid damage to the motor. 31
meters distance is based on our eld experience, the VFD manuacture
may state dierent distances and distance does vary depending on
the VFD manuacture.
ProgramtheVFDforvariabletorqueoutput.Fluxvectorandconstant
torque modes may damage the gearbox.
Donotstartandstopthemotorusingthesafetyswitchatthemotor.
I the drive is being commanded to run and the load side is cycled ON
and OFF with the saety switch this may damage the VFD.
Using a VFD in cooling applications has advantages over traditional single
or two speed motor control. A VFD can reduce the cost o electrical energy
being used and provide better temperature control. In addition, it reduces the
mechanical and electrical stress on the motor and mechanical equipment.
Electrical savings can be large during periods o low ambient temperature
when the cooling requirement can be satised at reduced speeds. To benet
rom these advantages, it is important that the drive be installed correctly.Marley supplies VFD and VFD controls specically designed or our cool-
ing products. I you have purchased a Marley VFD and/or controls package,
please ollow the instructions in the User Manualor that system. Most VFD
problems can be avoided by purchasing the Marley drive system. I you are
installing a VFD other than the Marley drive, please reer to that drives instal-
lation manual.
ImproperuseofaVFDmaycausedamagetoequipmentorpersonal
injury. Failure to correctly install the VFD drive will automatically
voidallwarrantiesassociatedwiththemotorandanyequipment
thatiseitherelectricallyormechanically(directly)attachedtothe
VFD drive system. The length o this warranty avoidance will be
contingent on properly installing the VFD system and repairing any
damage that may have occurred during its operation. SPX Cool-
ing Technologies does not assume responsibility or any technical
support or damages or problems associate with non-Marley brand
VFD systems.
Changing the operational an speed rom the actory settings could
cause the an to operate in an unstable region which may result in
damagetotheequipmentandpossibleinjury.
Warning
Warning
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Mechanical Equipment:
Always shut o electrical power to the tower an motor prior to
perorming any maintenance on the tower. Any electrical switches
shouldbelockedoutandtaggedouttopreventothersfromturning
thepowerbackon.
1. I equipped, check oil level in accordance with the Geareducer User
Manualor the Geareducer. (Although the Geareducer was lled to the
proper level at the actory, tipping during shipment and hoisting may havecaused some loss o oil.) I oil is required, ll Geareducer to the proper
level with approved lubricant. (See Geareducer User Manual) Check oil
level at the Geareducer or dipstick (standpipe located on an deck, i so
equipped) to conrm that the proper level is indicated.
2. Install an guard according to the installation drawing shipped with the
tower. NC8401 through NC8403 models include a single-piece an guard.
NC8405 through NC8414 models include a two-piece an guard. Models
with extended velocity-recovery cylinders do not have an guards.
Improper installation o the an guard will destroy the structural
integrity o the an guard. Failure o the an guard could allow op-
erating or maintenance personnel to all into the rotating an.
3. Spin the an manually to assure that all an blades properly clear the
inside o the an cylinder. Observe the action o the coupling (or drive
shat couplings) to be sure that the motor and Geareducer are properly
aligned. I necessary, correct the alignment in accordance with the included
manual.
For Power Belt Drive equipped models observe the action o the sheavesand belts to be sure that the motor is properly aligned with the an sheave.
See the Belt Tensioning and Sheave Alignment section o this manual.
It is essential that the an guard be installed in accordance with the
Field Installation Manual shipped with the tower.
Warning
installation
Warning
Caution
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4. Momentarily bump (energize) the motor and observe rotation o the an.
The an should rotate in a counterclockwise direction when viewed rom
below. I rotation is backwards, shut o the an and reverse two o the
three primary leads supplying power to the motor.
Iftowerisequippedwithatwo-speedmotor,checkforproperrota-
tionatbothspeeds.Checkalsotoseethatstarterisequippedwitha
20 second time delay which prevents direct switching rom high
speed to low speed. I the an is intended to be reversed or deicing
purposes,makesurethatthestarterisequippedwitha2minutetime delay between changes o direction. These delays will prevent
abnormalstressfrombeingappliedtothemechanicalequipment
and the electrical circuit components.
5. Run the motor and observe the operation o the mechanical equipment. Opera-
tion should be stable, and there should be no evidence o oil leakage.
6. I equipped with belt drive check the torque on the an and motor sheave
ater 10 to 60 hours o operation. See Bushing Fastener Torque Values
o the Belt Tensioning and Sheave Alignment section o this manual.
I the water supply system is not being operatedor i there is no
heat load on the systemmotor amps read at this time may indicate
an apparent overload o as much as 1020%. This is because o the
increased density o unheated air fowing through the an. Deter-
mination o an accurate motor load should await the application o
the design heat load.
installation
Caution
Note
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Warning
Tower Start-Up
Amongother sources,outbreaksof LegionnairesDiseasehave
reportedly been traced to cooling towers. Maintenance and water
treatment procedures that prevent amplication and dissemination
o Legionella and other airborne bacteria should be ormulated and
implementedBEFOREsystemsareoperatedandcontinuedregularly
thereaftertoavoidtheriskofsicknessordeath.
Water System:1. New installations should be cleaned and treated with biocides by a water
treatment expert beore startup.
2. Remove any and all accumulated debris rom tower. Pay particular atten-
tion to inside areas o cold water basin, hot water basins, louvers and
drit eliminators. Make sure that cold water outlet screens are clear and
properly installed.
3. Fill the water system to an approximate depth o 180mm in the depressed
area o the cold water basin at the center o the tower. For models NC8407
through NC8414 ll the water system to an approximate depth o 200mm.
This is the recommended operating water level. Adjust the foat valve so
thatitis75%openatthatlevel.Continuellingthesystemuntilthewater
reaches a level approximately 3mm below the lip o the overfow.
Iftowerisequippedwithastandardcasefaceoutletconnection,
vent accumulated air rom the top o the suction hood by removing
one or both tap screws provided at that location. Replace these
tapscrewswhenventingiscomplete.(Oncertainmodels,thetop
o the suction hood or 14" diameter side suctions is 32mm above
thetopoftheoverow.Inthosesituations,itisnecessarytoblockthe overfow and continue lling the basin to the level where the
aforementionedtapscrewsaresubmergedbeforeventing.)
4. Completely open all hot water fow control valves. Start your pump(s) and
observe system operation. Since the water system external to the tower
will have been lled only to the level achieved in the cold water basin, a
certain amount o pump-down o the basin water level will occur beore
water completes the circuit and begins to all rom the ll. The amount
o initial pump-down may be insucient to cause the foat valve to open.
Note
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However, you can check its operation by pressing down on the operating
lever to which the stem o the foat valve is attached.
Some trial and error adjustment o the foat valve may be required to
balance the makeup water with tower operation. Ideally, the foat valve
setting will be such that no water is wasted through the overfow at pump
shutdown. However, the water level ater pump start-up must be deep
enough to assure positive pump suction.
5. I the tower is equipped with fow-control valves, adjust them to
equalize hot water depth in the distribution basins ater reaching de-
sign water fow rate. Each basin should have rom 75mm to 140mmwater depth, with uniorm depth rom basin to basin. Fix valves in this
position with the locking bar when depth is correct. Failue to tighten the
locking bar ater valve adjustment may result in damage to the valve. I
the tower is equipped with the Marley internal piping option, the basins
are sel-balancing and this step is not necessary.
Uniorm distribution depth o 75mm to 140mm is essential to ecient
tower operation. Contact your Marley sales representative i you are
considering a permanent change in circulating water fow rate that would
prevent operation within these limits.
6. Continue pump operation or about 15 minutes, ater which it is recom-
mended that the water system be drained, fushed, and relled.
7. While operating the condensing water pump(s) and prior to operating the
cooling tower an, execute one o the two alternative biocidal treatment
programs described in the ollowing:
Resumetreatmentwiththebiocidewhichhadbeenusedpriortoshut-
down. Utilize the services o the water treatment supplier. Maintain the
maximum recommended biocide residual (or the specic biocide) or
a sucient period o time (residual and time will vary with the biocide)
to bring the system under good biological control or
Treatthesystemwithsodiumhypochloritetoa levelof4to5mg/L
ree chlorine residual at a pH o 7.0 to 7.6. The chlorine residual must
be held at 4 to 5 mg/L or six hours, measurable with standard com-
mercial water test kits.
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I the cooling tower has been in operation and then shut down or a du-
ration o time and not drained, perorm one o the two previous biocidal
treatment programs directly to the cooling water storage vessel (cooling
tower sump, drain down tank, etc.) without circulating stagnant water
over the cooling tower ll or operating the cooling tower an.
Ater biocidal pretreatment has been successully completed, cooling
water may be circulated over the tower ll with the an o.
When biocidal treatment has been maintained at a satisactory level or
at least six hours, the an may be turned on and the system returned to
service. Resume the standard water treatment program, including biocidaltreatment.
Tower Operation
General:
The cold water temperature obtained rom an operating cooling tower will vary
with the ollowing infuences:
1. Heat load: With the an in ull operation, i the heat load increases, the
cold water temperature will rise. I the heat load reduces, the cold water
temperature will reduce.
Note that the number o degrees (range) through which the tower cools
the water is established by the system heat load and the amount o water
being circulated, in accordance with the ollowing ormula:
The cooling tower establishes only the cold water temperature attainable
under any operating circumstance.
2. Air wet-bulb temperature:Cold water temperature will also vary with the
wet-bulb temperature o the air entering the louvered aces o the tower.
Reduced wet-bulb temperatures will result in colder water temperatures.
However, the cold water temperature will not vary to the same extent as
the wet-bulb. For example, a 11C reduction in wet-bulb may result in only
a 8C reduction in cold water temperature.
3. Water ow rate: Increasing the water fow rate (m3/hr) will cause a slight
elevation in cold water temperature, while reducing the water fow rate
will cause the cold water temperature to decrease slightly. However, at
a given heat load (see ormula above), water fow reductions also cause
an increase in the incoming hot water temperature. Use care to prevent
Range C =Heat Load (kW)
Water Flow (m3/hr) x 1.162
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the hot water rom exceeding 52C, in order to prevent damage to the
tower components.
4. Air ow rate: Reducing air fow through the tower causes the cold wa-
ter temperature to rise. This is the approved method by which to control
leaving water temperature.
I your tower is equipped with a single-speed motor, the motor may be
shut o when the water temperature becomes too cold. This will cause
the water temperature to rise. When the water temperature then becomes
too warm or your process, the motor can be restarted.
5. Fan cycling limits:
Considering the normal an and motor sizes utilized on NC towers,
anticipatethatapproximately4to5startsperhourareallowable.
I your tower is equipped with a two-speed motor, you will enjoy greater
opportunity or temperature control. When the water temperature becomes
too cold, switching the an to hal-speed will cause the cold water tem-
perature to risestabilizing at a temperature a ew degrees higher than
beore. With a urther reduction in water temperature, the an may becycled alternately rom hal-speed to o.
Donotstartthemotormorethanfourtovetimesperhour(each
lowspeedstartandeachhighspeedstartcountasonestart).
I your tower consists o two or more cells, cycling o motors may be
shared between cells, increasing your steps o operation accordingly.
Multicell towers equipped with two-speed motors will maximize energy
savings and minimize sound levels i ans are staged so that all ans are
brought up to low speed beore any an goes to high speed.
For greater insight on cold water temperature control, please read
Cooling Tower Energy and its Management, Technical Report
#H-001-A, available on our website.
operation
Note
Note
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Caution
Wintertime Operation:
The Marley ll system used in NC cooling towers has air entrance louvers that
are molded as an integral part o the ll. This eature makes these towers very
orgiving o cold weather operation, even at the low temperature and reduced
load conditions encountered in ree cooling and other low temperature applica-
tions. Nevertheless, during operation in subreezing weather the opportunity
exists or ice to orm in the colder regions o the tower.
Slushy, transitory ice orms routinely in the colder regions o the llo low temperature towers, and is visible through the tower louvers.
Such ice normally has no adverse eect on tower operation, but
itsappearanceshouldbeasignaltotheoperatortoundertakeice
control procedures.
It is the operator's responsibility to prevent the ormation o destruc-
tive(hard)iceonthecoolingtowerll.Certainguidelinesshould
be ollowed:
1. Do not allow the towers leaving water temperature to drop below a mini-
mum allowable levelsay 2C to 5C. I such low temperature operation is
necessary or benecial to your process, establish the minimum allowable
level as ollows:
During the coldest days o the rst winter o operation, observe whether
any ice is orming on the louver ace, particularly near the bottom part o
the louver ace. I hard ice is present on the louvers, you must increase
the allowable cold water temperature. I the coldest possible water is
benecial to your process, ice o a mushy consistency can be tolerated
but routine periodic observation is advisable.
If the minimum allowable cold water temperature is established at
or near minimum heat load, it should be safe for all operating condi-
tions.
Having established the minimum allowable cold water temperature,
maintaining that temperature can be accomplished by an manipulation,
as outlined in Item 4 under Tower Operation. However, in towers o
more than one cell, where ans are manipulated sequentially, please realize
that the water temperature will be signicantly lower in the cell or cells
operating at the highest an speed than the net cold water temperature
Note
operation
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produced by the entire tower would indicate. Wintertime operation o
multicell towers at low cold water temperature levels requires that the
operator be especially watchul.
2. As cold air enters the louvers, it causes the water fowing over the ll to
be drawn inward toward the center o the tower. Thus, under an opera-
tion, the louvers and lower periphery o the tower structure remain partly
dry, seeing only random splashing rom within the towerplus normal
atmospheric moisture rom the entering air. Such lightly wetted areas are
most subject to reezing.
Thereore, i excessive ice orms on the louvers, stop the an or a ewminutes. With the an o, the water fow will increase in the vicinity o the
louvers and reduce the ice buildup.
3. Under extended extreme cold conditions, it may be necessary to operate
the an in reverse. This orces warm air out through the louvers, melting
any accumulated iceadequate heat load must be available. Reversal
o an should only be done at hal speed or less. Reverse operation o
the an should be used sparingly and should only be used to control ice,
not to prevent it. Reverse an operation should not need to exceed 1 or
2 minutes. Monitoring is required to determine the time required to melt
accumulated ice.
Operatingthefaninreverseathalfspeedforprolongedperiods
during subreezing weather can cause severe damage to ans and
an cylinders. Ice can accumulate inside fan cylinders at fan blade
planeofrotationandfanbladetipswilleventually strikethis ringof
ice, damaging the fan blades or cylinder. Ice can also accumulate on
fan blades and be thrown off, damaging fan cylinder or blades. Allow
a minimum of 10 minute delay between reverse operation and forward
operation during subfreezing weather to permit ice to dissipate from fanblades and fan cylinders. See Fan Drive Caution note in the Mechanical
EquipmentInstallationsectionofthismanual.
4. With no heat load on the circulating water, icing cannot be controlled
eectively by air control during reezing weather. Towers must not be
operated with reduced water rate and/or no heat load during
reezing weather. I the circulating water system cannot be shut down,
water returning rom the process should be made to bypass the tower. I
a bypass is used, all water must be bypassed without modulation. I the
water bypass is directly into the tower's cold water basin, its design must
be approved by SPX Cooling Technologies.
Warning
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Intermittent Wintertime Operation:
Ifperiodsofshutdown(nights,weekends,etc.)occurduringfreezing
weather,measuresmustbetakentopreventthewaterinthecold
waterbasinandallexposedpiping,bothinternallyandexternally
from freezing.
Several methods are used to combat this, including:
automatic water basin heater systems available rom Marley.
eld installation o heat tracing o piping, both internally and externally.
eld modication to provide a weep hole by drilling a 316" hole in PVC pip-
ing, 180mm up rom the base o the fange o the internal riser. The hole
should be plugged with a " tap screw with sealing washer. For steel pip-
ing, drill a 1364" diameter hole 50mm up rom the base o the fange o the
internal riser and tap or a -20 bolt with sealing washer that will be used
as a plug. See fgures below or drilling details. Normally weep holes
are plugged during tower operation and plugs removed during downtime in
reezing temperatures. To leave the hole unplugged during operation, drill a316" hole at an upward angle that will allow the water fow to drain downward
into the basin.
Unless some means o reeze prevention is incorporated into your
system,thetowerbasinandexposedpipeworkshouldbedrained
at the beginning o each wintertime shutdown period.
I tower basin is drained, veriy that all basin heaters have been shut
o either by automatic cuto or disconnect switch.
It is recommended that you discuss your reeze prevention options with yourlocal Marley sales representative.
Caution
operation
Warning
DRILL FOR PLUGGING HOLES
DRILL FOR NO PLUG
TAP SCREW
OR BOLT
Warning
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Water Treatment and Blowdown
Maintaining Water Quality:
The steel used in NC towers has been galvanized with a heavy zinc coating
averaging 2.0 mils in thickness. The NC stainless steel option is even more
corrosion resistant than galvanized steel in certain environments. Other ma-
terials used (PVC ll, drit eliminators, and louvers, aluminum ans, cast iron
Geareducer, etc.) are selected to oer maximum service lie in a normal
cooling tower environment, dened as ollows:
Circulating water with a pH between 6.5 and 8; a chloride content (as NaCl)below 500 mg/L; a sulate content (SO4) below 250 mg/L; total alkalinity
(as CaCO3) below 500 mg/L; calcium hardness (as CaCO3) above 50
mg/L; a maximum inlet water temperature not to exceed 52C; no signicant
contamination with unusual chemicals or oreign substances; and adequate
water treatment to minimize scaling.
StartupConditions:Thewaterconditionsduringtheinitialtoweroperation
are crucial in preventing premature corrosion o galvanized steel (white
rust). For at least the rst eight weeks o operation, pH should be controlled
between 6.5 and 8.0 with hardness and alkalinity levels between 100 and
300 mg/L (expressed as CaCO3).
Chlorine(ifused)shallbeaddedintermittently,withafreeresidualnotto
exceed 1 mg/Lmaintained or short periods. Excessive chlorine levels may
deteriorate sealants and other materials o construction.
Anatmospheresurroundingthetowernoworsethanmoderateindustrial,
where rainall and og are no more than slightly acid, and they do not contain
signicant chlorides or hydrogen sulde (H2S).
Manyproprietarychemicalsexistforcontrolofscale,corrosion,andbiologi-
cal growth and should be used prudently. Also, combinations o chemicals
may cause reactions which reduce treatment eectiveness, and certainchemicals such as suractants, biodispersants and antioams may increase
drit rate.
Unless you purchased a stainless steel NC, the structure o your NC
tower consists primarily o galvanized steel, thereore your water
treatmentprogrammustbecompatiblewithzinc.Inworkingwith
your water treatment supplier, it is important that you recognize
the potential eects on zinc o the specic treatment program you
choose.
operation
Note
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Cooling Tower Cleaning:
Any evaporative-type cooling tower must be thoroughly cleaned on
a regular basis to minimize the growth o bacteria, including Legio-
nellaPneumophila,toavoidtheriskofsicknessordeath.Service
personnelmustwearproperpersonalprotectiveequipmentduring
decontamination.DoNOTattemptanyserviceunlessthefanmotor
islockedout.
Operators o evaporative cooling equipment, such as water cooling towers,
should ollow maintenance programs which will reduce to an absolute minimum
the opportunity or bacteriological contamination. Public Health Service ocials
have recommended that good housekeeping procedures be ollowed, such
as: regular inspections or concentrations o dirt, scale, and algae; periodic
fushing and cleaning; and the ollowing o a complete water treatment program
including biocidal treatment.
The visual inspection should take place at least once a week during the operat-
ing season. The periodic fushing and cleaning should be done beore and ater
each cooling season, but in any event at least twice a year. The louvers, drit
eliminators, and easily accessible ll suraces should be fushed by use o a
moderate-pressure water nozzle, being careul not to cause physical damage.
A reliable water treatment program should be installed and maintained. Filtra-
tion devices may be employed to reduce the suspended solids concentrations,
thus increasing the eectiveness o the water treatment program. See Tower
Startup section o this manual.
Blowdown:
A cooling tower cools water by continuously causing a portion o it to evaporate.
Although the water lost by evaporation is replenished by the makeup system, it
exits the tower as pure waterleaving behind its burden o dissolved solids to
concentrate in the remaining water. Given no means o control, this increasing
concentration o contaminants can reach a very high level.
In order to achieve water quality which is acceptable to the cooling tower (as
well as the remainder o your circulating water system), the selected water
treatment company must work rom a relatively constant level o concentra-
tions. This stabilization o contaminant concentrations is usually accomplished
by blowdown, which is the constant discharge o a portion o the circulating
water to waste. As a rule, acceptable levels on which to base a treatment
schedule will be in the range o 2-4 concentrations. The ollowing table shows
maintenance
Warning
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the minimum amount o blowdown (percent o fow) required to maintain dierent
concentrations with various cooling ranges*:
* Range = Dierence between hot water temperature coming to tower and cold water tem-
perature leaving tower.
EXAMPLE: 159 m3/hr circulating rate, 10C cooling range. To maintain
4concentrations,therequiredblowdownis0.458%or.00458times
159 m3/hr, which is .73 m3/hr.
I tower is operated at 4 concentrations, circulating water will contain our
times as much dissolved solid as the makeup water, assuming none o the
solids orm scale or are otherwise removed rom the system.
When water treatment chemicals are added, they should not be in-
troduced into the circulating water system via the cold water basin
o the cooling tower. Water velocities are lowest at that point, which
resultsininadequatemixing.
Belt Tensioning
The belt tension is adjusted by loosening the 8 bolts that secure the motor
mount rame to the belt drive rame, then loosen the retaining nuts on the twothreaded rods and turn the threaded rods to apply proper tension. Apply the
same quantity o turns to each threaded rod to insure that the tensioning rame
remains parallel to the mechanical support beams. Retighten hardware. Ideal
tension is the lowest tension at which the belt will not slip under peak load
conditions. Check tension requently during the rst 24-48 hours o run-in
operation. Overtensioning shortens belt and bearing lie. Keep belts ree rom
oreign material which may cause slipping. Never apply belt dressing as this will
damage the belt and cause early ailure. A Dodge V-Belt Tension Tester is an
alternate method or tensioning V-belts. Check with you local belt supplier.
maintenance
Note
Cooling RangeNumber o Concentrations
1.5X 2.0X 2.5X 3.0X 4.0X 5.0X 6.0X
3C .78 .38 .25 .18 .11 .08 .06
6C 1.58 .78 .51 .38 .25 .18 .14
8C 2.38 1.18 .78 .58 .38 .28 .22
11C 3.18 1.58 1.05 .78 .51 .38 .30
14C 3.98 1.98 1.32 .98 .64 .48 .38
Multipliers are based on drit o 0.02% o the circulating water rate.
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SHEAVE
STRAIGHT EDGE
SHEAVETHREADED ROD
FAN SHAFT
Sheave Alignment
Themotorsheaveistobepositionedascloseaspossibletothemotor
in order to minimize torque on the motor bushings.
Themotorandfansheavesmayhavegroovesthatarenotused.Thebot-
tom surace o the motor and an sheaves must be aligned within 3mm o
each other and level within 12 (3mm in 30cm) in order to not adversely
aect belt and sheave lie.
Alignmentcanbeachievedbyplacingastraightedgeacrossthesheaves
making sure that it is level and measuring down to the bottom surace o
both sheaves at our points.
Thebeltistobelocatedinthelowestset
o grooves.
maintenance
gnihsuB eziSrenetsaFeuqroT
bltf mN
HS 02- 6 8
SDS 02- 6 8
DS 02- 6 8
KS 81- 31 81
FS 61- 22 03
E 31- 53 84
F 21- 56 88
Bushing Fastener
Torque Values
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maintenance
Schedule o Tower Maintenance
Some maintenance procedures may require maintenance personnel to enter
the tower. Each cased ace o the tower has a door or access to the interior
o the tower. The NC8401 and NC8402 have a 760mm wide by 840mm high
door. All other models have a 760mm wide by 1220mm high door.
The optional an deck ladder is designed and intended solely or personnel to
gain access to the an deck. The an deck ladder should not be used to enter
or exit the access doors located on the cased ace o the tower unless the
optional access door platorm is provided.
The purchaser or owner is responsible or providing a sae method
forenteringorexitingtheaccessdoor.Useofthefandeckladder
toenterorexittheaccessdoorsmayresultinafall.
Included with this instruction packet are separate Service Manuals on each
major operating component o the tower, and it is recommended that you
read them thoroughly. Where discrepancies may exist, the separate Service
Manuals will take precedence.
The ollowing is recommended as a minimum routine o scheduled mainte-
nance:
Always shut o electrical power to the tower an motor prior to
perorming any inspections that may involve physical contact with
themechanicalorelectricalequipmentinoronthetower.Lockout
and tag out any electrical switches to prevent others rom turning
thepowerbackon.Servicepersonnelmustwearproperpersonal
protectiveclothingandequipment.
Weekly: Inspect or bacterial growth and general operation conditions. Bacte-
rial growth should be reported to your water treatment expert or immediate
attention.
Monthly (Weekly at start up): Observe, touch, and listen to the tower.
Become accustomed to its normal appearance, sound, and level o vibration.
Abnormal aspects relating to the rotating equipment should be considered
reason to shut down the tower until the problem can be located and corrected.
Observe operation o the motor, coupling (or drive shat), Geareducer and
an. Become amiliar with the normal operating temperature o the motor, as
well as the sight and sound o all components as a whole.
Warning
Warning
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maintenance
I equipped, check or Geareducer oil leaks. Check the Geareducer as well
as any optional oil lines to external oil dipstick/sight glass.
Inspect louvers, drit eliminators and basin trash screens and remove any
debris or scale which may have accumulated. Replace any damaged or worn
out components. Use o high-pressure water may damage the eliminator and
louver material.
Observe operation o the foat valve. Depress the operating lever to make
sure that the valve is operating reely. Inspect the suction screen or plugging.
Remove any debris that may have accumulated.
Check or any buildup o silt on the foor o the cold water basin. Mentally make
note o the amount, i any, so uture inspections will enable you to determine
the rate at which it is orming.
Every 3 months: I equipped, lubricate an shat bearings. While rotating
equipment by hand, grease the bearings until a bead orms around the seals.
Mobil SHC 460 grease is recommended.
Semi-Annually: I equipped, check the belt tension and condition.
I equipped, check Geareducer oil level. Shut down the unit and allow 5 min-
utes or the oil level to stabilize. Add oil i required.
Clean and disinect cooling tower with biocides. Systems with bioouling, high
general bacterial counts, or positive cultures o legionella may require addi-
tional cleaning. Reer to Cooling Tower Cleaning section o this manual.
Consult your water treatment expert as to prudent biological evaluation testing.
Geareducer models used on NC cooling towers are designed or
5-yearoilchangeintervals.Tomaintainve-yearchangeintervals,
use only oil designed specically or these Geareducers. I, ater
ve years, turbine-type mineral oil is used, the oil must be changed
semiannually. Reer to the Geareducer Manual or oil recommenda-tions and urther instructions.
Annually: Inspect the tower thoroughly, making maximum use o instructions
given in the separate service manuals. Check structural bolted connections
and tighten as required. Make preventive maintenance repairs as necessary.
Note
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Relubricate motor according to the manuacturers instructions. Reer to the
Motor Re-lubrication Instructions o this manual or towers equipped with the
motor outside the plenum area.
Check to see that all bolts are tight in the an and mechanical equipment
region, including the an cylinder and an guard. Reer to Component User
Manuals or torque values.
Every 5 Years: I equipped, change Geareducer oil. Reer to the Geareducer
User Manualor instructions.
Motor Relubrication Instructions
Motor located outside plenum option
Openandlockoutdisconnectswitchtomakecertainmotorcannot
be started.
1. Remove guard as shown. Opposite end motor bearing is accessible rom
outside the tower.
2. Remove grease ll and relie plugs at both shat extension end and op-
posite end bearings and remove hardened grease, using clean wire.
maintenance
MOTOR STEEL SIDE CASING
ATTACHMENT SCREW
GUARD
GREASE FILL PLUG
GREASE RELIEF PLUG
3. Insert grease ttings in grease ll openings and add grease until grease
is orced out through relie openings.
4. Replace ll plugs and operate mechanical equipment 30 minutes to one
hour to purge excess grease at grease relie opening.
Warning
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5. Reinstall grease relie plugs and reinstall guard.
6. Resume normal tower operation.
Seasonal Shutdown Instructions
When the system is to be shut down or an extended period o time, it is
recommended that the entire system (cooling tower, system piping, heat
exchangers, etc.) be drained. Leave the basin drains open.
During shutdown, clean the tower (see Warning on cooling tower cleaning
in the Maintenance section o this manual) and make any necessary repairs.
Pay particular attention to mechanical equipment supports and coupling (or
drive shats).
Following each years shutdown and cleaning, inspect the towers metal suraces
or evidence o the need to apply a protective coating. Do not misinterpret
grimeand transient rust rom the piping systemas a need to have the tower
painted. I relatively bright metal can be exposed by cleaning, consider that the
galvanizing has remained eective. Unless there is evidence o a generalized
ailure o the galvanizing, localized touch-up should be all that is required.
Totheextentthatthegalvanizing(zinccoating)stillexists,paint
will not adhere to it readily. Contact the manuacturer o the coating
you intend to use or instructions.
Tower ramework: Check structural bolted connections and tighten as
required.
Fans: Check an assembly bolting and tighten as required. Use torque values
prescribed in the Fan User Manual.
Fans shat bearings: I equipped, lubricate an shat bearings at close o each
operating season, as described in the Maintenance section o this manual.
Electric motors:Clean and lubricate motor at close o each operating season
(reer to motor manuacturers recommendations.) Check motor anchor bolts
and tighten as required.
maintenance
Note
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Do not start motor beore determining that there will be no interer-
ence with ree rotation o the an drive.
The motor should be operated or three hours at least once a month. This
serves to dry out windings and re-lubricate bearing suraces (reer to Marley
Electric Motor User ManualManual 92-1475 ).
At start o new operating season, make sure bearings are adequately lubricated
beore returning motor to service.
Prolonged Shutdown
I shutdown period is longer than seasonal, contact your Marley sales repre-
sentative or additional inormation.
SPX Cooling Technologies Services
Our interest in your NC cooling tower does not end with the sale. Having
conceived, designed, and manuactured the most reliable and longest-lasting
cooling tower on the market, we want to make sure that you gain the maximum
possible benet rom its purchase.
Thereore, the ollowing services are available which are intended to: assure
the maximum possible service lie under your operating conditions; tailor the
operating characteristics to your specic needs; and maintain consistently
optimum thermal perormance capability. They are available by contacting
your Marley sales representative.
Replacement parts: A complete stock o parts and components is
maintained at one or more o the various Marley plants. In cases o emergency,
they can normally be shipped within 24 hoursby air reight i necessary.
However, you would obviously benet rom anticipating your need in advance,
thus avoiding the cost o special handling.
Be sure to mention your tower serial number (rom the tower nameplate) when
ordering parts.Periodic maintenance: You may wish to contract with SPX or regularly
scheduled visitsor the purpose o inspecting and reporting your towers
conditionto make recommendations intended to prevent emergencies and
to perorm maintenance considered outside the norm.
This service is not intended to replace the important unction perormed by
your maintenance sta. Their attention assures the towers routine operating
perormance, and is invaluable. However, we recognize the unusual manner
in which a cooling tower perorms its unctionas well as the unique orces
which act upon itmay be considerations which occasionally require the
services o an expert technician.
maintenance
Caution
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maintenance schedule
Maintenance Service Monthly Semi-annually Seasonal Startup or Annually
Inspect General Condition and Operation x x
Observe Operation o:
Mechanicalmotor, an and drive mechanism x x
Makeup valve (i equipped) x x
Inspect or unusual noise or vibration x x
Inspect and Clean:
Air inlet x x
PVC drit eliminators x x
Distribution basin, nozzles and collection basin x x
Fan motor exterior x x
Check:
Collection water basin level x x
Blowdownadjust as required x x
Geareducer Drive (i equipped):
Check or loose asteners including oil drain plug x
Check or / repair oil leaks x x
Check oil level x x
Change oil R
Make sure vent is open x x
Check driveshat or coupling alignment x
Check or loose driveshat or coupling asteners x
Check driveshat or coupling bushings or ex element or unusual wear x x
Lube lines (i equipped):
Check or oil leaks in hoses or fttings x R x
Belt drive (i equipped):
Fan shat bearing lubrication (every 3 mo.) every 3 months every 3 months
Check and tighten support asteners x
Check shat, sheave and belt alignment x
Check belt tension and condition x x
Check sheave bushing astener torque x
Fan:
Check and tighten blade and hub asteners R x
Check an blade pitch and tip clearance x
Check an cylinder or loose astenersR x
Motor:
Lubricate (grease as required) R
Check mounting bolts or tightness x
Operate at least 3 hours a month 3 hours a month 3 hours a month
Basin Heater (i equipped):
Check or proper operation o temp/low water level sensor x
Inspect/clean buildup o contaminant rom sensor x x
Structure:
Inspect/tighten all asteners x x
Inspect and touch up all metal suraces x
R Reer to Component User Manual
Note: It is recommended at least weekly, that the general operation and condition be observed. Pay attention to
any changes in sound or vibration that may signiy a need or closer inspection.
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troubleshooting
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troubleshooting
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Increased load requirements: NC towers are
designed so that cells o either equal or unequal
capacity can be added in the uture. This allows
you to compensate or the load increases that
normally occur with the replacement or addition o
production equipmentand still retain continuity
with respect to your cooling tower system.
Tower rebuilding: SPX Cooling Technologies
routinely rebuilds and upgrades cooling towers o
all materials and manuacture. I your tower ever
reaches the limit o its service lie, we recommend
that you investigate the cost o rebuilding beoreyou routinely order a new replacement tower.
Each NC tower includes a document package
containing general orientation drawings, NC
Field Installation Manual Assembly Instruc-
tions, and tower component manuals. These
documents contain important inormation
relating to sae installation and operation
o the cooling tower. Field installation is al-
ways required or an guards, piping inlets and
piping outlets. Some optional accessories, such
as valves, handrails, ladders and saety cages
may also require eld installation. I installation
details are not covered in the NC Field Installa-
tion Manual a separate installation drawing or
manual or each purchased option is included in
the document package along with bills o material.
I you have purchased an option and cant nd the
appropriate installation drawing, contact your local
Marley sales representative beore proceeding.
In addition to these specic documents, SPX pub-
lishes numerous technical reports including moredetailed inormation on a variety o cooling tower
operation and service topics. Your Marley sales
representative will be happy to give you copies o
these reports at no charge.
For complete parts and service assistance, con-
tact the Marley sales representative in your area.
I you need help locating the oce nearest you,
please phone 44 1905 750 270 or check the
internet at spxcooling.com.
additional information
SPX COOLING TECHNOLOGIES UK LTD
3 KNIGHTBRIDGE PARK
WAINWRIGHT ROAD
WORCESTR WR4 9FA, UK
P: 44 1905 750 270
F: 913 664 7439
I th i t t t h l i l ll d t bj t t d i