ukraine during the after-war period (1945-1985). plan 1. post-war reconstruction of ukraine. 2....
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Ukraine during the after-war period (1945-1985).
Plan• 1. Post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.• 2. Destalinization. • 3. Dissident movement.• 4. Social and economic development in
60-80th years. • 5. Chornobyl.
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Post-war reconstruction of Ukraine
• Four years of war had a harmful effect on the Ukrainian economy;
• Reconstruction of the hard industry swallowed up 85 percent of all investments, but it was successful.
• In 1950 Ukraine again became one from the leading industrial countries in Europe;
• The life level of people improved very slowly;
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• The currency reform of 1947 devaluated karbovanets;
• Started in 1954, project on development the lands of Kazakhstan required the use of huge labor and material resources, and the big part of those expenses took Ukraine.
• Though this program gave some positive results, it exhausted resources of Ukraine and weakened agricultural production of the republic.
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• The government did not manage to reach so quick growing of agricultural production as it was planned;
• The officials in the far Moscow continued to decide, what cultures should cultivate collective farms, how to sow them;
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1918 50 karbovantsiv banknote
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1942 5 karbovantsiv banknote
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1991 5 karbovantsiv kupon
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Destalinization
• After the death of Stalin in 1953 new government tried to receive wider support among the nonrussian nations and especially among Ukrainians;
• Intelligentsia, students, workers and even partial officials – all repeated that the special status of the Russian language in the USSR did not mean, than the Ukrainian language should be discriminated;
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• Many million of Ukrainians jailed in the Siberian camps of forced labor, received amnesty and the permission to come back home;
• This partly liquidation of gigantic system of concentration camp was precipitated by the row of camp revolts.
• For youth became unbearable the monotone of the soviet life, old-fashioned manner to dress and very ideological system of studying.
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Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev
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• Ceded Crimea from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR in 1955.
• Met with U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower at Camp David, Maryland in September 1959. He was the first Soviet leader to visit the United States in a diplomatic capacity.
• Coping with housing crisis by quickly building millions of apartments according to simplified floor plans (khrushchovkas).
• Created a minimum wage in 1956.
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The Khrushchev era saw increased construction of rapidly built, prefabricated apartment complexes.
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Leonid Brezhnev
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• During 1960 the part of Ukrainians, living in cities, reached 55 percent.
• In Ukraine grew the quantity of specialists with higher education;
• Censorship continued strictly regulation of all, that were allowed to read, to see and to hear;
• Communist party retained absolute monopoly on the politic power.
Dissident movement
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• A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established policy.
• The term “dissident” was used in the USSR during the period of 1965-1985 for citizens who criticized the authority of the Communist party.
• An important part of the activity of dissidents was informing society about human rights.
• The first demonstration of this movement took place at the end 1950th – the beginning of 1960th, when in the Western Ukraine it was organized several small secret groups.
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• They called to execution of the legal right of Ukraine on going out of the Soviet Union.
• After disclosure of these groups their participants were sentenced to the long period imprisonment.
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Social and economic development in 60-80th
years• In 1976-1980 five-year plan, in Ukraine real
income per man increased by 15 %.
• Putting in order the automate machines and equipment lines promoted intensive development of hard industry, building, transport field, agriculture and power industry. Actively developed airplane building and motor-car industry.
• Ukraine became food donor for all the USSR.
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• Implementation of compulsory general secondary education, enlargement of the system of secondary-special and higher educational institutions in Ukraine.
• The field of functioning of the Ukrainian language greatly narrowed.
• At the low level was social development of villages.
• During 1966-1985 years 4,6 people, mostly youth left Ukrainian villages.
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• But in spite of all Ukrainian culture became firmly established.
• Also impressed the achievements of the Ukrainian sportsmen, who appeared on the international arena under the soviet flag.
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DneproGES hydro-electric power plant, one of the symbols of Soviet economic power
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Soviet Soyuz rockets like the one pictured above were the first reliable means to transport objects into Earth orbit.
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“Dynamo Kyiv” -- the Cup Winners.
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Oleh Blokhin -- the Best European player 1975.
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Chornobyl• Chornobyl was a city in nothern Ukraine in the
Kyiv Oblast near the border with Belarus.
• Prior to its evacuation the city was inhabited by about 15000 residents.
• On April 26, 1986 the fourth reactor of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded at 01:23 AM.
• Further explosions and the resulting fire sent a “cloud” of highly radioactive fallout into the atmosphere.
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• Four hundred times more fallout was released than had been by the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
• The “cloud” drifted over extensive parts of the western Soviet Union, Eastern, Western and Northern Europe and eastern North America.
• Large areas of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia were badly contaminated, resulting in the evacuation of over 336 000 people.
• It is difficult to accurately tell the number of deaths caused by the events at Chornobyl.
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• The Soviet government hid the lists of victims and later forbade doctors to write “radiation” on deaths certificates.
• The overall costs of the disaster is estimated at $200 billion. This places the Chornobyl disaster as the costliest disaster in modern history.
• The Zone of Alienation is the 30km exclusion zone around the site of the Chornobyl nuclear reactor disaster.
• Now Chornobyl is a home to more than 500 residents.
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