ukrainian arms supplies to sub-saharan africa

8/7/2019 Ukrainian arms supplies to sub-Saharan Africa

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SIPRI Background Paper

February 2011

UKRAINIAN ARMS SUPPLIES

TO SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

paul holtom*

SUMMARY

w Ukraine has consistently

been among the 10 largest arms

exporters in the world during

the past two decades. An

estimated 18 per cent o

Ukrainian arms exports during

20052009 were or recipients

in sub-Saharan Arica,

specifically to Kenya (or

Southern Sudan), Chad,

Nigeria, Equatorial Guinea, and

the Democratic Republic o the

Congo (DRC). Ukraine hassupplied surplus aircrat, tanks,

armoured vehicles, artillery,

SALW and ammunition to

armed orces in sub-Saharan

Arica. Additionally, Ukrainian

companies and individuals have

supplied other services related

to arms transers and

participated in combat missions

or Arican armed orces.

Concerns have been raised in

recent years regardingUkrainian arms exports to

Arica. Ukrainian-supplied

arms have been used by

government orces against

armed groups in Chad, the DRC

and Equatorial Guinea in recent

years, with Ukraine continuing

deliveries to Chad and the DRC.

Ukrainian, Kenyan and

Southern Sudanese ofcials

deny that Ukrainian deliveries

o tanks, artillery andammunition to Kenya have been

re-exported to Southern Sudan,

despite evidence to the

contrary.

I. Introduction

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1 The reports o the UN-appointed panels and groups o experts charged with monitoring

and investigating UN arms embargo violations have described in detail the role played by

Ukraine as a source o supply, and Ukrainians involved in the transer o arms and military

equipment to embargoed actors. See e.g. Fruchart, D. et al., United Nations Arms Embargoes:

Their Impact on Arms Flows and Target Behaviour (SIPRI/Uppsala University: Stockholm, 2007)

and accompanying background case studies available at .

* This paper is one o a series produced or the SIPRI Project on Monitoring Arms Flows to Arica

and Assessing the Practical Regional and National Challenges and Possibilities or a Relevant and

Functioning Arms Trade Treaty. The project is unded by the Swedish Ministry or Foreign Afairs.

The other papers in this series look at arms supplies rom Israel and South Arica and to Somalia and

Zimbabwe. The author would like to thank the specialists who shared their time and expertise inKyiv during November 2010.


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2 sipri b ackground paper

II. The Ukrainian framework for arms exports

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2 Shevchenko, A., [Sergei Bondarchuk: Yes, we are also known around the world as arms deal-

ers, but it is not necessary to be ashamed o this], Levyi bereg(Kyiv), 13 Aug. 2010, .3 [On state control over international transers o militar y and dual-use goods], 20 Feb. 2003, Sec-

tion I, General Provisions, Article 4, .4 The first presidential decree o 9 Dec. 2010 called or an agency called Ukroboronexport to

be established, while the presidential decree o 28 Dec. 2010 called or the agency to be called

Ukrobronprom. [Decree o the president o Ukraine number 1085/2010 to optimize the central

authorities], approved by the president o Ukraine on 9 Dec. 2010, ; and [Decree o the president o Ukraine number 1245/2010 on measures to

improve the efectiveness o the militar y-industrial complex o Ukraine], approved by the president

o Ukraine on 28 Dec. 2010, .

5 [Cabinet Ministers o Ukraine resolution o 29 December 2010 no. 1221 on the establishment othe State Concern Ukroboronprom], .


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ukrainian a rms supplies to sub-saharan arica 3

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III. Ukrainian arms exports to and arms-related activity in

sub-Saharan Africa

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6 Dmitri Salamatin remains a member o the Ukrainian Parliament in the pro-presidential Party

o Regions. [President names Dmitrii Salamatin general director o State Concern Ukroboronprom],

website o the President o Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych, 4 Jan. 2011, .7 [Chetekov agrees with Yanukovych in quarrel with President o Azerbaijan], Ukrainskaya

Pravda, 19 Nov. 2010.8 Ivzhenko, T., [Army clearance sale], Nezavisimaya gazeta, 10 Nov. 2008.9 Shevchenko (note 2).10 Zgurets, S., Apple o arms discord, Zerkalo Nedeli (Kyiv), no. 616 (30 Sep.6 Oct. 2006), .

11 Bondarchuk, S., New horizons or UkrSpetsExport, Defense Express, 31 Oct. 2005, p. 12.12 Ilchenko, A., [Business in war: how we sell arms], Segodnya (Kiyv), 2 July 2009.

Chad and Kenya are two significant new

markets for Ukrainian arms exports,

indicating sub-Saharan Africa as a

potentially important market


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Exports of newly produced major conventional weapons and

components

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13 SIPRI Arms Transers Programme, The suppliers and recipients o major conventional

weapons, 20052009, SIPRI Yearbook 2010: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security

(Oxord University Press: Oxord, 2010), table 7A.2.

14 Eastern Europe and Central Asia (37%) and Asia (24.5%) accounted or more than 61% oUkrainian arms exports during 20052009. SIPRI Arms Transers Database, . These percentages are based on SIPRI data on arms transers which

reers to actual deliveries o major conventional weapons. SIPRI uses a trend-indicator value (TIV)

to compare the data on deliveries o diferent weapons and to identiy general trends. TIVs give an

indication only o the volume o international arms transers and not o the actual financial values

o such transers. For a description o the TIV and its calculation see SIPRI Arms Transers Pro-

gramme website at .15 The orthcoming annual update o the SIPRI Arms Transers Database (15 Mar. 2011) will be

amended to reflect deliveries to Southern Sudan rom Ukraine via Kenya.16 Arms exports generate nearly $1 billion or state, Kyiv Post, 20 Jan. 2011.17 Pechorina, N., [Successul year or Ukrainian deence industry], Eksport vooruzheniy, vol. 14,

no. 1 (Jan./Feb. 2010), pp. 45; and Sydorenko, S., Arms and the budget ax, Transitions Online,

22 Nov. 2010, .

18 Badrak, V., (Country o dying technology), Zerkalo nedeli (Kyiv), 18 Dec. 2010, ; and Sydorenko (note 17).

11 per cent of the volume of sub-Saharan

African arms imports came from

Ukraine


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, w 12 w v S 20062008

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L-15 ).20

Exports of surplus arms and military equipment

A Sv U, U 18 000

y , 11 000 v, 9 000 , 4 000

, w (SALW)

, w v U-

$90100 .21

SIPRI 72 v U

x j v w -S

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20052009 U -

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Maintenance, overhaul and modernization

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19 SIPRI Arms Transers Database (note 14).20 Minnick, W., China leaps into global aircrat market, Defense News, 23 Nov. 2009; and

[Ukraine to begin deliveries o engines or new Chinese trainer aircrat L-15 in 2011], Interax-

Ukraine, 22 Nov. 2010.21 Ilchenko (note 12).22 [Cabinet o Ministers o Ukraine Order o 6 August 2008 N 1092-r, Kyiv, Approving the list o

military property o the Armed Forces which can disposed], website o the Ukrainian Parliament,.

SIPRI estimates that 72 per cent of the

volume of Ukrainian exports of major

conventional weapons to sub-Saharan

Africa during 20052009 came from

surplus stocks


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23 Cooper, T. et al., African MiGsAngola to Ivory CoastMiGs and Sukhois in Service in Sub-

Saharan Africa, vol. 1 (Harpia Publishing: Houston, TX, 2010), pp. 2324, 144; Sole operational Dji-

bouti AF Mi-8 back in service, AirForces Monthly, no. 255 (June 2009), p. 19; and Ugandan L-39ZAs

overhauled in Ukraine, AirForces Monthly, no. 272 (Nov. 2010), p. 21.24 Antonov, ANTONOV aircrat maintenance centre to be established in SAR, News, 20 July

2010, .25 [Ukraine to deliver 10 missile systems to Arica by end o 2011], Interax-Ukraine, 24 Nov. 2010.

Janes Missiles and Rockets has speculated that 4 systems will be delivered to Uganda and 6 systems

will be delivered to Angola. Uganda is not known to have possessed S-125 systems. See Hewson, R.,

Delivery o first Aerotechnica S-125 upgrade is imminent, Janes Missiles and Rockets, Dec. 2010,p. 8.

Table 1. Ukrainian exports o small arms and light weapons (SALW) to sub-Saharan

Arica, 20052009

Recipient Type o SALW Quantity Years o delivery

Chad A fl - 31 000 20062009

Light machine guns 150 2008

Heavy machine guns 200 2009

Grenade launchers 1 500 20082009

Kenya Automatic rifles and sub-machine guns 42 500 2007 and 2009

Light machine guns 100 2009

Grenade launchers 655 20072009

Uganda Rifles and carbines 1 000 2007

Notes: The table excludes inormation on reported exports o handguns. The table uses the

nomenclature or SALW used by the Ukrainian reports.

Sources: Export Control Service o Ukraine, [Inormation on the international transers o

weapons by Ukraine], Reports or 20052009, .Inormation or 2005 on 7 Dec. 2006; or 2006 on 27 Sep. 2007; or 2007 in late Aug. 2008; or

2008 on 31 Aug. 2009; and or 2009 on 31 Aug. 2010.


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Arms transportation, brokering and training

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Box 1. Ukrainian surplus small arms and light weapons and ammunition

In 2002 the Ukrainian Government requested international assistance to dispose o 1.5 million units o small arms and light

weapons (SALW) and 133 000 tonnes o conventional ammunition over 12 years.a The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(NATO), with the United States as the lead country, agreed to support our phases o SALW and ammunition destruction in

Ukraine. An agreement was reached in November 2005 that the first phase would destroy 400 000 SALW units, 15 000 tonneso conventional ammunition and 1000 man-portable air-deense systems (MANPADs) during January 2006December 2008.

Due to a number o political and technical problems, the first phase is running behind schedule with less than hal o the SALW

units and just over hal o the ammunition destroyed by April 2010.b The first phase is now due to be completed in April 2011.

Discussions are underway on the second phase o the project, with a proposal to destroy 366 000 SALW units, 76 000 tonnes

o conventional ammunition and around 3 million PFM-1 anti-personnel mines. However, it is likely that Ukraine will have to

include MANPADs in the destruction plans to secure unding rom the USA.

As Ukraine has reported exporting several hundred thousand surplus SALW units in recent years, the delays in the implemen-

tation o the first phase probably relate to the act that Ukraine could generate revenues by exporting surplus SALW and ammu-

nition. Ukraine, like other states in Central and Eastern Europe, responded positively to discussions initiated by the USA and

other NATO states on the destruction o surplus SALW and ammunition. However, subsequent requests rom the USA to provide

surplus SALW and ammunition or Aghan and Iraqi security orces have been undermined destruction eforts. As long as rev-

enues can be earned rom sales o surplus SALW and ammunition, it will prove dicult to persuade Ukraine and other states in

Central and Eastern Europe to dispose o their surplus via destruction.c

Ukraine has provided inormation on exports o major conventional weapons to the United Nations Register o Conventional

Arms (UNROCA) since 1992 and has reported on transers o SALW involving the Organization or Security and Co-operation

in Europe (OSCE) member states since 2008. In the report submitted to UNROCA in 2010, Ukraine included inormation on

transers o SALW to non-OSCE states, including those in sub-Saharan Arica. The Ukrainian State Service or Export Control

has provided inormation on SALW exports to sub-Saharan Arica and other non-OSCE destinations in Ukrainian since 2006 in

publicly available annual reports. These reports indicate that Ukraine has supplied SALW to three sub-Saharan Arican states

during 20052009: Chad, Kenya and Uganda (see table 1). In 2010 it was reported that Ukraine was to deliver arms and ammu-

nition to the DRC, which included 10 000 Kalashnikov rifles and related ammunition.d Although not stated in Ukrainian reports,

it can be assumed that all SALW and ammunition exported to sub-Saharan Arica are Ukrainian surplus. It is unclear i all o

the reported exports to other destinations are actually or end-users or i reported destinations are actually those o consignees,

purchasers or brokers.

aRepresentative North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Maintenance and Supply Agency (NAMSA), Interview with the author, Kyiv,

16 Nov. 2010.bBrown, S., NAMSA support to Ukraine: current and uture, Presentation prepared or NATO deence attaches, Kyiv, 14 Oct. 2010. All

1000 MANPADs and 500 gripstocks were destroyed by Sep. 2006.cSpecial Edition on inconspicuous disarmament, Contemporary Security Policy, vol. 29, no. 1 (Apr. 2008).dUkraine supplies tanks, weapons to DRC, Agence France-Presse, 17 Mar. 2010; and Samus, M., [Not really a scandal], Defense Express

(Ukraine), 18 Mar. 2010.


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SALW, C Eq G

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26 Griths, H. and Bromley, M., Air Transport and Destabilizing Commodity Flows, SIPRI Policy

Paper no. 24 (SIPRI: Stockholm, May 2009), pp. 5, 14.27 Ukrainian aircrat arrested in Nigeria to be reed soon, Foreign Intelligence Service says,

UKRINFORM, 23 June 2009.The Croatian national arms export report or 2009 contains inor-

mation on three export licences issued in 20099 or $21 000 (15 086) worth o machine guns and

pistols and $355 000 (255 022) worth o military ammunition or Equatorial Guinea. Croatia

Ministry o Economy, Labour and Entrepreneurship, Annual report on export and import o mili-

tary goods and non-military lethal goods or 2009, unpublished at the time o publication.28 Nigeria holds Ukraine arms plane, BBC News, 18 June 2009, .29 Oboh, M., Nigeria releases arms-laden Ukrainian cargo plane, Reuters, 5 Aug. 2009.30 Cooper (note 23).31 E.g. Valeri Naydo, a Ukrainian citizen, was subject to an asset reeze under UN sanctions on

Liberia or his role in acilitating arms transers to Liberia. United Nations, Security Council, The

assets reeze list: list o individuals pursuant to resolution 1521, Security Council Committee estab-

lished pursuant to resolution 1521 (2003) concerning Liberia, last updated 16 Dec. 2009, .32 British House o Commons, Business, Innovation and Skills, Deence, Foreign Afairs and

International Development Committees, Scrutiny of Arms Export Controls (2010): UK Strategic

Export Controls Annual Report 2008, Quarterly Reports for 2009, licensing policy and review of

export control legislation, Oral evidence taken beore the Committees on Arms Export Controls on

Wednesday 16 December 2009: Oliver Sprague, Amnesty UK, 1st joint report o session 200910

(The Stationery Oce: London, 30 Mar. 2010). A brass plate company is one that has a registered

business address in national records but which exists only on paper.33 [UK concerned at alleged sales o weapons by Britons rom Ukraine], Unian, 23 Aug. 2009.

Ukrainian companies and individualsalso provide a range of services related to

facilitating transfers of arms and

military equipment to sub-Saharan

Africa


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IV. The use of Ukrainian arms in sub-Saharan Africa

U y v U

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20052009, U v C

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v; 12 BTR-3U y fi v;

4 S-25 ( 1 S-25UB);

6 M-24 ; 31 000 fl ;

350 ; 500 ;

1000 - w qy .36

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, M-24 M-17

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w vv vv S-25

M-24 C w

C D S My 2009.38 A S-25 w

D 2009

C Ay .39

I 2004 DRC w Uv ,

v . O 26 Jy 2006

BBC Singapore v DRC M 20 T-55

, 20 BMP-1 .40

A U- T-55 BMP-1 w y

C (FARDC, F Rq -

q C) L N , N C

D P (CNDP, C

) DRC 2008.41 R y 2009

T-55 w DRC N-Kv v

34 UK concerned at alleged sa les o weapons by Britons rom Ukraine (note 33).

35 Wezeman, P. D., Arms flows to the conflict in Chad, SIPRI Background Paper, Aug. 2009,.

36 This data has been compiled using reports o the State Export Control Service o Ukraine and

MP says Ukraine supplied arms to Georgia at expense o own deence, Segodnya (Kyiv), 27 Sep.

2008. In response to speculation that ammunition rom the Lozova ammunition storage acility in

the Kharkov region o Ukraine was exported to Georgia, Serhiy Bondarchuk stated that ammuni-

tion stored at this acility was being exported to Chad. Ilchenko (note 12).37 Cooper (note 23), p. 98.38 Chad Air Force expansion continues, AirForces Monthly, no. 263 (Feb. 2010), p. 23; and Cooper

(note 23), p. 104.39 Cooper (note 23), p. 104.40 United Nations, Security Council, Interim report o the Group o Experts on the Democratic

Republic o the Congo, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1698 (2006), annex to S/2007/40,

31 Jan. 2007, p. 16. Ukraine reported these transers to the UNROCA or 2006.

41 Taylor, A., The big picturenews stories in photographs: conflict in Congo, reugees on themove, Boston Globe, 3 Nov. 2008.

Ukrainian surplus arms and ammunition

might be of use for low intensity conflicts

and ongoing conflicts in the developing

world


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j w FARDC Rw Ay

D F L Rw (FDLR, F -

q Rw).42 U y DRC

w v wy. I M 2010 U y v

20 T-72 , 100 y , 60 - , 10 000 Kv

fl v .43

I Fy 2009 Eq G y

y v

y y N D -

M.44 I y w

y U, M-24 S-25 -

Gv Eq G.45

V. The risk of diversion of Ukrainian arms exports in

sub-Saharan Africa: the MVFaina

U v

v v -S A.46 F x,

M 2010 UN M G S E

y U- - w Hz

I S v Ky.47 Hwv, vy

U Ky 20072009 -x

S S v .

O 25 S 2008 S j MVFaina v, w

w 33 T-72 , y, w

U Ky M. T j v w

y y U S Nvy F F, w

w S S.48 T BBC Aw Mw-

E A S A P

Ky Gv S

S Gv.49 Of Ky, S S U

, Ky w -.50 W MVFaina

fiy v Ky M Fy 2009, A

M, Ky Gv y

, :

42 Rwandan, Congolese troops heading or Nkunda stronghold, Agence France-Presse, 22 Jan.

2009.43 For more inormation on the delivery made in 2010 see Bromley, M. and Holtom, P., Arms

transers to the Democratic Republic o Congo: assessing the system o arms transer notification,

200810, SIPRI Background Paper, Oct. 2010, , p. 7.44 Seaborne gun men attack Equatorial Guinea capital, Reuters, 17 Feb. 2009.45 Cooper (note 23), p. 144.46 Frucha rt et al. (note 1).47 United Nations, Security Council, Report o the Monitoring Group on Somalia pursuant to

Security Council Resolution 1853 (2008), annex to S/2010/91, 10 Mar. 2010, para. 67.48 Kennedy, E. A., US Navy watches seized ship with Sudan-bound tanks, Associated Press,

29 Sep. 2008.49 Jopson, B., Hijacked ship linked to Sudan, Financial Times, 30 Sep. 2008; and Hijacked tanks

or South Sudan, BBC News, 7 Oct. 2008, .

50 Solomko, I. and Stroginov, K., [The authorities o Sudan: T-72 tanks are not or us, but orKenya], Segodnya (Kyiv), 8 Oct. 2008, .


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T w y w w j

. W w Ky y w

w y U. T v

w y y w w

. W v .51

O y Faina v Ky, Sy B

w U ,

fi, w w w

.52 B , Ky -. T

y. I vw A 2010,

B f U -

v Ky v y U, fl

y v ww: w

.53 A A 2010, U S Sv Ex C

v U v 100 100

Ky 2009.54

Hwv, x v U Ky

- v

S S. T MVFaina v

O 2007 Fy 2008 y

y U S Sv Ex C UN

R Cv A.55 O w

w v U-

Ky

ZU-23-2 23- ZPU-4 14.5- - .56

I B w w

fi y vy Faina

. M Ky -

y v Faina w w 26 110 T-72

U v v Ky w

2007 2009 v w

Ky y .57

Eyw T-72 J S S 2008 v

v v -x Ky,

w w y v T-72 S

51 Kenyan Oce o Public Communications, Arrival o MVFaina: piracy should be ought byall nations o the world, Press briefing by Alred N. Mutua, Public Communications Secretary and

Government Spokesperson, Mombasa, 12 Feb. 2009, .52 Ukraine to ensure arms rom reed ship go to Kenyaexport control source, ITAR-TASS,

12 Feb. 2009.53 Shevchenko (note 2).54 [Inormation on the volume o international transers o certain arms by Ukraine in 2009],

State Service or Export Control, 31 Aug. 2010, .55 Andrew Mwangura has suggested that the MV Faina could have been the 4th shipment.

Wabala, D., Who really owns the hijacked battle tanks?, Daily Nation (Nairobi), 2 Oct. 2008.56 Lewis, M., Skirting the Law: Sudans Post-CPA Arms Flows, Human Security Baseline Assess-

ment, Working Paper 18 (Small Arms Sur vey: Geneva, Sep. 2009), p. 40.57 Kenyan National Assembly, Departmental Committee on Deence and Foreign Relations,

Report on the status a nd ownership o the military cargo aboard MV Faina, Tenth Parliament, Nov.2009, pp. 1112.

Ukraine has been named as the source of a

number of deliveries of arms and

ammunition that have been diverted in

sub-Saharan Africa


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T-72 S .59 W

fi Ky w -x v

U S S, w USA,

w U w w .60 I D 2010 B

w US f Nv 2009 Fy

2010 w USA w

T-72 w v S S v Ky.61 H

USA v S S

U y . B U v

Ky Gv, w fi vy,

U

y. H , USA v v v

S S y Ky U, wy USA

y.

VI. Conclusions

U v z

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v x v,

U- -S A. T

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q w w

fl

y. T MVFaina

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w y

y v Ky S

S. Ev y v y , -

US Gv v wy

vw. A U f y

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w vy, U f -

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Ky w fi .

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58 Lewis (note 56), p. 41; and Geland, L. and Puccioni, A., IMINT tracks T-72 tanks towards

South Sudan, Janes Defence Weekly, 8 July 2009, pp. 2223.59 Boswell, A., Sudan rebels, McClatchy-Tribune collection via Getty Images, 27 Nov. 2010,

.60 Gettleman, J. and Gordon, M. R., Pirates catch exposed route o arms in Sudan, New York

Times, 8 Dec. 2010.

61 Sidorenko, S. and Geda, E., [According to Ukraine the tanks were delivered], Kommersant(Kiyv), 9 Dec. 2010, .

Concerns have been raised in recent

years regarding Ukrainian arms exports

to Africa


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U y -x w -

?

ABBREVIATIONS

CNDP C (N C

D P)

DRC D R C

FARDC F Rq q C

FDLR F q Rw (D

F L Rw)

MANPAD M- - y

MOD My D

NATO N A Ty Oz

OSCE Oz Sy C- E

SALW S w

UN U N

UNROCA U N R Cv A


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THE SIPRI ARMS TRANSFERS DATABASE

The data included in this act sheet is taken rom the SIPRI Arms Transers Database.

The database contains inormation on all transers o major conventional weapons rom

1950 to 2009.

SIPRI data on transers o major weapons are based on actual deliveries o major

conventional weapons defined by SIPRI as: aircrat, armoured vehicles, ships over

100 tonnes, guided weapons, larger radars and other sensors, artillery over 100-mm

calibre, missile and gun air-deence systems, and engines and turrets or selected larger

platorms.

The inormation in the database is collected rom a wide variety o sources: news-

papers and other periodicals; annual reerence books; monographs; ocial national

and international documents; inormation rom industry; and blogs and other Internet

publications. The common criterion or all these sources is that they are open, that is,

published and available to the public.

The SIPRI Arms Transers Database is available online at .

RECENT SIPRI PUBLICATIONS ON ARMS TRANSFERS

South African arms supplies to sub-Saharan Africa

By P D. Wz

SIPRI B P

SIPRI, Jy 2011

International transfers of combat aircraft, 20052009

By S T. Wz

SIPRI F S

SIPRI, Nv 2010

Arms flows and the conflict in Somalia

By P D. Wz

SIPRI B P

SIPRI, O 2010

Arms transfers to the Democratic Republic of the Congo: assessing the system of

arms transfer notifications, 200810

By M By P H

SIPRI B P

SIPRI, O 2010

The limitations of European Union reports on arms exports:

the case of Central Asia

By P H M By

SIPRI I P Sy . 2010/5

SIPRI, S 2010


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OTHER RECENT SIPRI PUBLICATIONS

Chronology of armaments, disarmament and international security 2010

By N B

SIPRI F S

SIPRI, Jy 2011

Military spending and arms procurement in the Gulf states

By C S P D. Wz

SIPRI F S

SIPRI, O 2010

Governing the Bomb: Civilian Control and Democratic Accountability

of Nuclear Weapons

E y H B, B G H H

Ox Uvy P, O 2010

SIPRI Yearbook 2010: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security

Ox Uvy P, J 2010

New Foreign Policy Actors in China

SIPRI Py P . 26

By L J D Kx

SIPRI, S 2010

Controlling conflict resources in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

By R K

SIPRI Py B

SIPRI, Jy 2010

China and Nuclear Arms Control: Current Positions and Future Policies


By B G

SIPRI, A 2010

China Prepares for an Ice-free Arctic


By L J

SIPRI, M 2010

Demilitarizing mining areas in the Democratic Republic of the Congo:

the case of northern Katanga Province


By R K

SIPRI, Jy 2010

I SIPRI v .


16/16

Signalistgatan 9

SE-169 70 Solna, Sweden

Telephone: +46 8 655 97 00

Fax: +46 8 655 97 33

Email: [email protected]

Internet: w ww.sipri.org

SIPRI is an independent

international institute

dedicated to research intoconflict, armaments, arms

control and disarmament.

Established in 1966, SIPRI

provides data, analysis and

recommendations, based on

open sources, to policymakers,

researchers, media and the

interested public.

GOVERNING BOARD

Gran Lennmarker, Chairman

(Sweden)

Dr Dewi Fortuna Anwar

(Indonesia)

Dr Alexei G. Arbatov (Russia)

Ambassador Lakhdar Brahimi

(Algeria)

Jayantha Dhanapala

(Sri Lanka)

Ambassador Wolgang

Ischinger (Germany)

Proessor Mary Kaldor

(United Kingdom)The Director

DIRECTOR

Dr Bates Gill (United States)

CONTENTS

I. Introduction 1

II. The Ukrainian ramework or arms exports 2

III. Ukrainian arms exports to and arms-related activity 3in sub-Saharan Arica

Exports o newly produced major conventional weapons 4

and components

Exports o surplus arms and military equipment 5

Maintenance, overhaul and modernization 5

Arms transportation, brokering and training 7

IV. The use o Ukrainian arms in sub-Saharan Arica 9

V. The risk o diversion o Ukrainian arms exports 10

in sub-Saharan Arica: the MVFaina

VI. Conclusions 12

Abbreviations 13

Box 1. Ukrainian surplus small arms and light weapons and ammunition 7Table 1. Ukrainian exports o small arms and light weapons (SALW) 6

to sub-Saharan Arica, 20052009

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Paul Holtom (United Kingdom) is Director o the SIPRI Arms Transers Programme.

His area o research is monitoring and measuring international arms transers, with a

ocus on the role o arms transers in interstate relations. He has also carried out

research projects on the efects o UN arms embargoes and reporting to the UN Register

o Conventional Arms on international transers o small arms and light weapons

(SALW). He has authored or co-authored numerous publications on the arms trade and

peace and security, with a particular ocus on Russia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

SIPRI 2011

sipri background paper

UKRAINIAN ARMS SUPPLIESTO SUB-SAHARAN AFRICApaul holtom

ukrainian arms supplies to sub-saharan africa

Documents