Ulcerative colitis PRESENTED BY

GUIDED BY

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory destructive disease of the large intestine characterized by motility and secretion disorders.

Inflammation usually occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon, but it may affect the entire colon.

UC is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation in the small intestine and colon.

INTRODUCTION

UC can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to other intestinal disorders and another type of IBD called Crohn's disease (CD).

UC may occur in people of any age, but most often it starts between ages 15 and 30, or less frequently between ages 50 and 70.

There are 4 types of ulcerative colitis

(UC): Ulcerative proctitis  Proctosigmoiditis  Left-sided colitis  Pan-ulcerative colitis 

TYPES OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Ulcerative proctitis  IS a mild form of the disease and

accounts for nearly 30% of all cases. Bowel inflammation is limited to the rectum, and because the affected area is so small, it is associated with fewer complications.

Proctosigmoiditis  Affects the rectum and the sigmoid

colon (the lower segment of colon located right above the rectum).

Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, cramps, and a constant feeling of the need to pass stool. Moderate pain on the lower left side of the abdomen may occur in active disease

Left-sided colitis  Begins at the rectum and

extends up to a bend in the colon near the spleen called the splenic flexure.

Symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, severe pain on the left side of the abdomen, and bleeding.

Pan-ulcerative colitis  Effects the entire colon. Symptoms

include diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, cramps, and extensive weight loss.

Potentially serious complications include massive bleeding and acute dilation of the colon (which may lead to an opening in the bowel wall). Serious complications 

The estimated two million Americans suffer from IBD, CD is far less common than UC, but currently the Incidences of each are estimated to be about equal.

The incidence may vary depending on gender, age, and geography.

Men and women have an equal risk for UC.

UC CHARACTERISTICS

Ulcerative colitis symptoms can vary, depending on the severity Of inflammation .

You may have the following signs and symptoms, depending on which part of the colon is inflamed:

SYMPTOMS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Abdominal pain. Increased abdominal sounds. Bloody stools. Diarrhea. Fever. Rectal pain. Weight loss.

SYMPTOMS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Different tests can help your doctor diagnose ulcerative colitis. This disorder mimics other bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease. 

Tests to diagnose ulcerative colitis include:

Tests for Ulcerative Colitis

stool test - a doctor examines your stool for blood, bacteria, and parasites

endoscopy - a doctor uses a flexible, lighted tube to examine the stomach, esophagus, and small intestine

colonoscopy - diagnostic test that involves insertion of a long, flexible tube into the rectum to examine the inside of the colon

biopsy - surgeon removes a tissue sample from the colon

barium enema - X-rays are taken of your colon and rectum, using barium to provide contrast.

A blood test also helps diagnose ulcerative colitis. 

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition. Treatment usually involves drug therapy or surgery. 

Doctor may prescribe an anti-inflammatory medication. Reducing Inflammation will help with abdominal cramps and diarrhea.

Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis

Drugs used in Treatment of Ulcerative colitis :

Generic Name : MESALAMINEBrand Names : Asacol , Canasa Supposituries tablet 500mg…

• Asacol is a tablet consisting of 5-ASA compound.• When the tablet reaches the terminal ileum and

colon,the resin coating dissolves, thus releasing 5-ASA into the colon.

SIDE EFFECT : • Vomiting , Stomach Pain and Fever.

Generic Name : OLSAZINEBrand Names : Dipentum, Olsalazine Sodium 250mg Caps..• Olsalazine (Dipentum) consists of two 5-ASA molecules

linked together. It is sulfa free.• When the drug reaches the terminal ileum and the

colon, normal bacteria in the intestine break the linkage and release the active drug into the colon and terminal ileum.

SIDE EFFECT : • side effect unique to olsalazine is secretory diarrhea .• This condition occurs in 5-10% of patients, and diarrhea

sometimes can be severe.

Generic Name : SULFASALAZINEBrand Names : Azulfidine EN-tabs 500mg, Salazopyrin EN-tabs..• Sulfasalazine consists of a 5-ASA molecule linked

chemically to a sulfapyridine molecule. • When sulfasalazine reaches the colon, bacteria in

the colon will break the linkage between the two molecules.

• After breaking away from 5-ASA, sulfapyridine is absorbed into the body and then excreted in the urine.

SIDE EFFECT : Heartburn ,Headache ,Skin rashes…..

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