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ULSFO (0.10) and RM (VLSFO) Category– Potential future trends

Douglas Raitt – Regional Marine Consultancy Manager

Revised MARPOL Annex VI - Methods for compliance

Source: sea-cargo.no

SOx

Primary

Distillates

New fuel blends

LNG

Bio fuels/Gases

Methanol/

DMEe

Other?

Secondary (HFO+)

Wet scrubber

Open loop (seawater)

Closed-loop (freshwater &

chemical)

Hybrid (open/closed switchable)

Dry scrubber

Non-thermal plasma

Other?

NOx

Primary

LNG

EGR

Common rail

Variable inlet closing

Fuel emulsification., air humidification, direct water

injection

Other?

Secondary

SCR

Reducing Marine SOx Emissions: An Inter-Industry challenge

Refineries need significant investment to fully deliver compliant fuel post 2020/2025

Up to 2015• Fuels been delivered with the conventional production methods

Post 1 Jan 2015 and up to 2020/2025

• Increasing pressures on supply

• Competition with land based distillate pool

• New refinery streams for 0.10% RM grades

From 2020/2025

• VLSFO 0.50% RM grades of fuel, price and quality

• Outlet for residual fuels

• EGCS uptake S>3.5% to be monitored

Increase demand for Distillates and ULSF Residuals

• Global emissions legislation resulting in increased demand for distillates between now and 2020

• The grades demanded are ISO 8217 for sulphur content of 0.10%:

• DMA/Z

• DMB

• RMA

• The scope for new RM grades was not The scope for new RM grades was not The scope for new RM grades was not The scope for new RM grades was not fully realised until 2014: The engines fully realised until 2014: The engines fully realised until 2014: The engines fully realised until 2014: The engines most impacted burn residual fuelmost impacted burn residual fuelmost impacted burn residual fuelmost impacted burn residual fuel

• All that is required is:All that is required is:All that is required is:All that is required is:

• S 0.10% and RMG /K compliant fuelS 0.10% and RMG /K compliant fuelS 0.10% and RMG /K compliant fuelS 0.10% and RMG /K compliant fuel

Source: Marine and Energy Consulting Limited

2018?

2015 – ULSFO (<0.10%) - 5 Categories

1. Ultra Low Sulphur Residual Fuel Oil

2. Blends of Distillate + small amounts of residual fuel oil

3. Heavy distillates, fuels with low metal content but with higher viscosity than conventional DMA

4. Distillates DMB and DMA

5. Alternative fuels and power sources

CIMAC CIMAC CIMAC CIMAC –––– Working Group 7 Working Group 7 Working Group 7 Working Group 7 ---- FuelsFuelsFuelsFuels((((IIIInnnntttteeeerrrrnnnnaaaattttiiiioooonnnnaaaallll CCCCoooouuuunnnncccciiiillll oooonnnn CCCCoooommmmbbbbuuuussssttttiiiioooonnnn EEEEnnnnggggiiiinnnneeeessss)))) Convention for low Convention for low Convention for low Convention for low sulphursulphursulphursulphur fuel oils: fuel oils: fuel oils: fuel oils:

LSFO = 1.0% LSFO = 1.0% LSFO = 1.0% LSFO = 1.0% VLSFO = 0.50%VLSFO = 0.50%VLSFO = 0.50%VLSFO = 0.50%ULSFO = 0.10% ULSFO = 0.10% ULSFO = 0.10% ULSFO = 0.10%

EEEEaaaacccchhhh mmmmaaaayyyy iiiinnnncccclllluuuuddddeeee aaaannnnyyyy ooooffff tttthhhheeee 5555 ccccaaaatttteeeeggggoooorrrriiiieeeessss ooooffff fuel compositionfuel compositionfuel compositionfuel composition

ULSFO – Typical Given Specifications – from October 2012

SupplierSupplierSupplierSupplier ChemoilChemoilChemoilChemoil CepsaCepsaCepsaCepsa BPBPBPBP CHemoilCHemoilCHemoilCHemoil ChemoilChemoilChemoilChemoil ShellShellShellShellExxon Exxon Exxon Exxon

MobilMobilMobilMobilLukoilLukoilLukoilLukoil

Exxon Exxon Exxon Exxon

MobilMobilMobilMobil

SK SK SK SK

EnergyEnergyEnergyEnergy

ISO 8217 ISO 8217 ISO 8217 ISO 8217

2012201220122012

ISO 8217 ISO 8217 ISO 8217 ISO 8217

2012201220122012

ISO 8217 ISO 8217 ISO 8217 ISO 8217

2012201220122012

Product Name / Product Name / Product Name / Product Name /

Characteris tic Characteris tic Characteris tic Characteris tic UnitUnitUnitUnit

0.10% S 0.10% S 0.10% S 0.10% S

DMB LS DMB LS DMB LS DMB LS

(DMB)(DMB)(DMB)(DMB)

DMB DMB DMB DMB

0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%

BP 0.1 BP 0.1 BP 0.1 BP 0.1

RMDRMDRMDRMD

0.10% S 0.10% S 0.10% S 0.10% S

Mexico/ Mexico/ Mexico/ Mexico/

Hous ton Hous ton Hous ton Hous ton

(RMD80)(RMD80)(RMD80)(RMD80)

0.10% S 0.10% S 0.10% S 0.10% S

New York New York New York New York

/Savannah /Savannah /Savannah /Savannah

(RMG380)(RMG380)(RMG380)(RMG380)

Shell Shell Shell Shell

ULSFOULSFOULSFOULSFOHDME-50HDME-50HDME-50HDME-50

Eco Marine Eco Marine Eco Marine Eco Marine

FuelFuelFuelFuel

AFME AFME AFME AFME

200200200200

SK SK SK SK

ULSFOULSFOULSFOULSFODMBDMBDMBDMB RMD 80RMD 80RMD 80RMD 80 RMG 380RMG 380RMG 380RMG 380

Vis cos ity 50 C Vis cos ity 50 C Vis cos ity 50 C Vis cos ity 50 C

(40C)(40C)(40C)(40C)cSt (10.5) (11) 6-13 16.84 26.3 10-60 40-70 65 (max) 67 30-40 (11) /(2) 80 380

Dens ity 15 CDens ity 15 CDens ity 15 CDens ity 15 C Kg/m³ 885 900 850-890 859 896 790-910 895-915 910 917 928 900 975 991

SulphurSulphurSulphurSulphur mass% 0.085 0.1 0.1 0.084 0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.095 <0.1 0.1 2

CCAI 760-820 795 800 795-810 860 799790-

800860 870

Cetane Index 40 35

Flash Point °C 70 60 60 79 >65.5 60 70 60 >70 70 60 60 60

H2S mass% 0.1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2

Acid Number mgKOH/g 0.1 0.5 2.5 2.35 0.5 0.1 2.5 <0.1 0.5 2.5 2.5

TSA (TSE) mass% -0.05 0.1 0.07 0.01 0.010.01-

0.050.01 0.1 0.02 (0.1) 0.1 0.1

Carbon Residue mass% 0.1 0.3 4 <0.10 3.8 2 0.3 14 <10 6 0.3 14 18

Pour pointPour pointPour pointPour point °C -4 6 27272727 -20 -6 18181818 15-3015-3015-3015-30 20 (max)20 (max)20 (max)20 (max) 0 20-2520-2520-2520-25 6 30 30

Water volume% 0.05 0.3 0.3 0.05 0.05 0.1 <0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.5

Ash mass% 0.005 0.01 0.04 0.003 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.07 <0.1 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.1

Vanadium mass% 50 <1 <1 2 1 2 1 0.7 150 350

Sodium mass% 50 4 1 10 1 2 5 2 100 100

Aluminium mass% <1 <5 15

Silicon mass% 2 <5 2

Al +S iAl +S iAl +S iAl +S i mass% 5 25 3 <10 0.310 to

2040 60

Calcium mass% 13 175 30 <1 30 5

Zinc mass% 2 <1 15 <1 15 1

Phosphorus mass% 7 <1 15 15

Lubricity (WSD)Lubricity (WSD)Lubricity (WSD)Lubricity (WSD) µm 310 520 520 520

GSE MJ/Kg 45.2Appearance Not C and B Not C and B Not C and B Black

Lloyd’s Register GMT Ltd - FOBAS

ULSMFO - Characteristics - DM to RM Grades (FOBAS global data May – March 2015 )

Key Operational Properties

• Viscosity + Density

• Ignition quality

• Catfines and sediment

• Compatibility and stability

• Pour Point / Cold Flow

• Sulphur

• Lubricity(DM)

• NCV

CategoriesCategoriesCategoriesCategories 3333 2222 1111

Test Units Min Ave Max Diff.

DEN15DEN15DEN15DEN15 kg/l 0.8376 0.8934 0.9589 0.12

KV50KV50KV50KV50 cSt 2.6 25.3 83.6 81

KV40KV40KV40KV40 cSt 11.3

ASHASHASHASH % m/m <0.01 0.02 0.09 0.09

SulphurSulphurSulphurSulphur % m/m <0.01 0.09 0.14

WaterWaterWaterWater % V/V 0.00 0.02 0.35

Pour PointPour PointPour PointPour Point oC -13 12 30 43

Micro Carbon ResidueMicro Carbon ResidueMicro Carbon ResidueMicro Carbon Residue % m/m 0.00 2.04 10.53 10.53

Net Calorific ValueNet Calorific ValueNet Calorific ValueNet Calorific Value Mj/kg 41.57 42.46 43.16 1.59

CCAICCAICCAICCAI N/A 751 799 868 117

Silicon + AluminiumSilicon + AluminiumSilicon + AluminiumSilicon + Aluminium mg/kg 0 5 58 58

CalciumCalciumCalciumCalcium mg/kg 0 24 185 185

VanadiumVanadiumVanadiumVanadium mg/kg 0 2 123 123

NickelNickelNickelNickel mg/kg 0 14 69 69

Running title <set on slide master>

ULSFO – New Dimension of fuels - FOBAS Test Data

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

K Viscosity at 50oC

Micro Carbon Residue

Net Specific Energy

Gross Specific Energy

Sulphur Content

Pour Point

Aluminium + Silicon

• Compatibility concerns –

• Segregation

• Cold Flow properties

• Heating requirements

• Varying characteristics

Hybrid fuels Hybrid fuels Hybrid fuels Hybrid fuels ---- Cold Flow propertiesCold Flow propertiesCold Flow propertiesCold Flow properties

• High paraffinic content –compromised cold flow properties

� Pour Point only is not enough

�Ask for CFPP / Cloud Point

� operational constraints?

Pour Point vs CFPP

Distillate Cloud Point and Cold Filter Plugging Point – Case

Ambient 24 deg CCloudy Crystals

Heated to 28 deg CClear

Pour Point -19 deg C

Ship reported MGO purifier sludge build up at discharge port Heated to 28 deg C

Lloyd’s Register GMT Ltd - FOBAS

Compatibility and Stability – Operations

Individual stability generally Individual stability generally Individual stability generally Individual stability generally satisfactorysatisfactorysatisfactorysatisfactory

• Oxidation stability (where applicable) satisfactory (DM)

• Total Sediments (where applicable) satisfactory

• But thermal loading? Fuel ageing?

High risk of incompatibility High risk of incompatibility High risk of incompatibility High risk of incompatibility with other RFOswith other RFOswith other RFOswith other RFOs

• Load in empty tanks• Carry out compatibility test• Always monitor filter loading

during change over

Lloyd’s Register GMT Ltd - FOBAS

Investigation of compatibility HDME50 and IFO 380 HSFO (FOBAS lab tests)

- Avoid mixing- If mixing is unavoidable then percentage of HDME-50 should be kept below 10%

Unstable fuel oil

Lloyd’s Register GMT Ltd - FOBASLloyd’s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd’s Register Group Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates.Copyright © Lloyd’s Register Group Limited. 2015. A member of the Lloyd’s Register group.

Douglas Raitt

Regional Consultancy ManagerLloyd’s Register AsiaT +65 9137 8515 E douglas.raitt@lr.org

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