Ultra Structure & Function of Ultra Structure & Function of Typical Plant Cell & Cell Typical Plant Cell & Cell

OrganellesOrganelles

Dr. Madhumita BhattacharjeeAssiatant Professor

Botany Deptt.P.G.G.C.G. -11,Chandigarh

Cell OrganellesCell OrganellesOrganelleOrganelle= “little = “little organ”organ”Found only inside Found only inside eukaryotic cellseukaryotic cellsAll the stuff in All the stuff in between the between the organelles is organelles is cytosolcytosolEverything in a cell Everything in a cell except the nucleus is except the nucleus is cytoplasmcytoplasm

Cell MembraneCell MembraneBoundary of the cellBoundary of the cell

Made of a Made of a phospholipid bilayerphospholipid bilayer

NucleusNucleusControl center of the cellControl center of the cell

Surrounded by a double Surrounded by a double membranemembrane

Has 4 parts:Has 4 parts:

Nuclear envelopeNuclear envelope

NucleolusNucleolus

NucleoplasmNucleoplasm

Chromatin MaterialChromatin Material

Usually one per cellUsually one per cell

Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

Connected to nuclear Connected to nuclear membranemembraneHighway of the cellHighway of the cellRough ERRough ER: studded : studded with ribosomes; it with ribosomes; it makes proteinsmakes proteinsSmooth ERSmooth ER: no : no ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes lipidslipids

RibosomeRibosomeSite of Site of protein protein synthesissynthesis

Found attached to Found attached to rough ER or floating rough ER or floating free in cytosolfree in cytosol

Produced in a part of Produced in a part of the nucleus called the the nucleus called the nucleolusnucleolus

Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusLooks like a stack of Looks like a stack of platesplates

Stores, modifies and Stores, modifies and packages proteinspackages proteins

Molecules transported Molecules transported to and from the Golgi to and from the Golgi by means of by means of vesiclesvesicles

LysosomesLysosomesGarbage disposal Garbage disposal of the cellof the cell

Contain digestive Contain digestive enzymes that enzymes that break down break down wasteswastes

MitochondriaMitochondria““Powerhouse of the cell”Powerhouse of the cell”

Cellular respirationCellular respiration occurs here to release occurs here to release energy for the cell to useenergy for the cell to use

Bound by a double Bound by a double membranemembrane

It has its own DNA,so It has its own DNA,so called ‘called ‘Semiautonomous Semiautonomous ‘organelle.‘organelle.

ChloroplastChloroplastFound only in plant Found only in plant cellscellsContains the green Contains the green pigment pigment chlorophyllchlorophyllSite of food (Site of food (glucose)glucose) productionproductionIt contains its own It contains its own DNA ,so called DNA ,so called ‘‘Semiautonomous Semiautonomous ‘organelle.‘organelle.

Cell WallCell WallFound in Found in plantplant and and bacterialbacterial cells cells

Rigid, protective Rigid, protective barrierbarrier

Located Located outsideoutside of the of the cell membranecell membrane

Made of cellulose Made of cellulose (fiber(fiber))

VacuolesVacuolesLarge Large centralcentral vacuole vacuole usually in usually in plantplant cells cells

Many smaller Many smaller vacuoles in vacuoles in animal animal cellscells

Storage container for Storage container for water, food, water, food, enzymesenzymes, , wastes, pigments, etc.wastes, pigments, etc.

Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell? NucleusNucleus

Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membraneCell membrane

Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts

Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?ChloroplastsChloroplasts

What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum

Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhich organelle is called ‘Power house of the cell?Which organelle is called ‘Power house of the cell?

MitochondriaMitochondria

Which organelle is called ‘Garbage disposal ‘of the cell?Which organelle is called ‘Garbage disposal ‘of the cell?

LysosomesLysosomes

•Which organelles are called semi-autonomous organelles ?Which organelles are called semi-autonomous organelles ?

Mitochondria & ChloroplastMitochondria & Chloroplast