ultracold physics: creating quantum matter at the coldest temperatures in the universe
DESCRIPTION
Ultracold Physics: Creating Quantum Matter at the Coldest Temperatures in the Universe. Brian DeMarco University of Illinois. Temperature Scale. supernova core 100,000,000,000 K. surface of sun 6,000 K. lava 1,200 K. Room temperature 294 K. triple point cell 273.16 K. ice - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ultracold Physics: Creating Quantum Matter at the Coldest Temperaturesin the Universe
Brian DeMarcoUniversity of Illinois
0 K
supernova core100,000,000,000 K
lava1,200 K
ice273 K
Room temperature294 K
dry ice164 K
liquid nitrogen77 K
liquid He4 K dilution refrigerator
0.003 K
Universe2.7 K
triple point cell273.16 K
“absolute zero”
surface of sun
6,000 K
Temperature Scale
lowest measured temperature
We cool to Absolute Zero, as far as we can tell
Cooling Below mK
0.000000000450 K200 mm/sec
1980s-90s: Developed techniques to cool atom gases to ultra-cold temperatures
Practical Applications
Atomic clocks
Atom gyroscopes
Atom gradiometers
Quantum MechanicsEverything is a quantum wave
𝜆=h /𝑚𝑣h=6.6×10− 34 𝐽 ⋅ 𝑠
Planck’s constant
Many-Particle Quantum MechanicsEverything is a quantum wave
Classical Matter
Quantum Matter
Many-Particle Quantum Mechanics
The waves overlap!
Matter Wave Interference
Quantum degeneracy2dB
B
hmk T
3 n
Many-Particle Quantum Mechanics
Quantum degeneracy
We don’t understand strongly-interacting many-particle quantum matter
The Route to Ultra-Cold•Laser cooling and trapping•Magnetic trapping and evaporative cooling
Our insulation: ultra-high vacuum (10-12 torr)
collection cellscience cell
10 mK 109 atoms
Laser Cooling
<100 nK 105 atoms
Evaporative Cooling
Data From Imaging
Quantum Particles
Bosons FermionsWaves overlap as much as possible
photons, W & Z bosons, 87RbWaves cannot overlapelectrons, protons,40K
Bosons Fermions
Bose-Einstein condensation Superfluidity
Quantum Degenerate Matter