uml and use cases for - mit opencourseware · pdf filee-commerce architecture project uml and...
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MITE-Commerce Architecture Project
UML and Use Cases
for
Object-oriented Analysis
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Topics of Discussion� OOA � UML � Use Cases & Business
Transaction Scenarios � Use Case Models
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Object-oriented Analysis
“Object-oriented Analysis (OOA) is a method of analysis that examines requirements from the perspective of the classes and objects found in the vocabulary of the problem domain”
- Grady Booch
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Object-oriented Analysis � Analysis Model provides the
foundation for the Design Model � Focus on Hi-level Business Objects � Concentrate on activities of the User
of the business process � Avoid detailed design tasks
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Requirements Analysis � Who are the Users and the Customers? � Why do they want this system? � Define what the business needs to
accomplish � Define Constraints on how a solution is
manifested but not on how system it isdesigned
� What is accomplished conceptually � What is required to interface to the system � What is required to operate it
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Enterprise-wide Vs Project-Specific
� Enterprise-wide requirements provide Re-Use � Requirements common to a project can be
obtained by referring to enterprise-wide requirements
� Project-specific requirements should be evaluated for re-factoring into enterprise-wide requirements
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Requirements
Functional Non-Functional
Requirement Requirement
Interface Constraint Operational Constraint
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The Big Process Picture � Requirements Analysis process fits into other
processes within Integrated Requirements � Deliverables output from one process become
inputs to other processes � Integrated Requirements provide the glue
between the business side and the technology side
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Essential Elements forRequirements Analysis
� Clarity � Efficiency � Priority � Quality � Traceability � Completeness � Accuracy
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Guidelines forRequirements Analysis
� Problem Vs Solution Evolution
� Abstraction � Iteration � Modeling � Re-Use
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UML
� Unified Modeling Language � Successor to methods of Booch,
Rumbaugh & Jacobson � A modeling language and not a
method
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The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the industry-standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software systems. It simplifies the complex process of software design, making a "blueprint" for construction. The UML definition was led by Rational Software's industry-leading methodologists: Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson, and Jim Rumbaugh.
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Use Cases
� A typical interaction a user has with a system to achieve a goal
� An essential tool in Requirements Capturing
� Provides User-visible function � Use Cases are part of UML
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Some Definitions� Rectangles
Indicate a computer system boundary (Humanare always outside “systems”)
� Ovals Indicate a “use case” and straddle the boundarywhen a human Actor is involved, or can be inside a system when non-humans are interacting
� Actors An actor is a role that an external object or userplays vis the System
� Arrows Indicate activity or flow of information
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Business Transaction Scenarios
� Business Transaction Scenarios describe all the possible interactions between the system and the external objects of the outside world. BTS are modeled as Use Cases
� Normal Scenario captures the normal interaction between the actor and the system
� Abnormal Scenario captures interaction that occurs during exceptions or error conditions
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Sequence Diagrams
A Sequence Diagram provides a diagrammatic representation of a specific instance of a Use Case (a scenario)
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Format of Use Cases [Optional Information]
Scenarios and Use Cases will have the following sections in this order:
• .Purpose • .Assumptions • .Actors • .Use Cases Used • .Use Cases Extended • .Preconditions • .Postconditions • .Basic Course • .Alternate Course • .Rules • .Interface Contraints • .Operational Constraints
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Business Transaction Scenario: Learning Administration System
Draft 0.2
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1.Scenario: Learning Administration System
The Learning Administration System (LAS) depicts the scenario where a student enrolls for a Program or Courses at a Learning Institution, attends the courses scheduled and after completion of the same, applies for various job positions at different companies.
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Who are the Actors?
Admissions Rep Instructor Admissions Director Financial Aid Director
Education Director
Career Services Director
Accountant
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Let us model the system
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Admissions Rep
Admissions Rep gets Lead Info
Admissions Rep enrolls Student
Instructor
System processes Lead Info Request
Admissions Rep conducts Interview
<<uses>>
Admissions Director reviews Leads Info
<<uses>>
Instructor marks Student Evaluation
Admissions Director
Education Director
Education Director reviews Student
Career Services Director
System processes Student Info
<<uses>>
System processes Interview Tasks
<<uses>>
System processes Student Enrollment
<<uses>>
<<uses>> <<uses>>
System processes Program & Course Info
<<uses>>
Education Director reviews Program &
Course
<<uses>>
Career Services Director reviews Companies &
JobRecords
System processes Companies Info
<<uses>>
Accountant
Accountant prepares Student Ledgers
Accountant prepares Summary
<<uses>>
System processes Ledger Accounts
<<uses>>
<<uses>>
Fnancial Aid Director
Financial Aid Director processes Loan
Application for Student
<<uses>>
CareerServices Director reviews Student
<<uses>>
<<uses>>
Info
Info
Reports
Info
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Next Step ...
Let’s get Hands-On
Thank You