uml - structural and behavioral things

8/13/2019 UML - Structural and Behavioral Things

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Things and Relationships In Detail

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Conceptual Model of UML

Things Structural things

Behavioral things

Grouping things

Annotation things


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Structural Things

Nouns of UML models

Examples:

Class

Interface

Collaboration

Use case

Components

Artifacts

Node


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Structural Modeling: Core Elements

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Construct Description Syntaxclass a description of a set of objects

that share the same attributes,operations, methods, relationshipsand semantics.

interface a named set of operations thatcharacterize the behavior of anelement.

component a modular, replaceable andsignificant part of a system that

packages implementation andexposes a set of interfaces.node a run-time physical object that

represents a computationalresource.

interface


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Structural Modeling: Core Elements(contd)

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Construct Description Syntax

constraint a semantic condition or restriction.

{constraint}

An extension mechanism useful for specifying structural elements.


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Class

Description of a set of objects that share the same

attributes, operations, relationships and semantics.

Note that the operations open( ), close( ), etc. are

behavioral things, so a class can also be a grouping thing

Window

display ()

size: Areavisibility: Boolean

hide ()

Window

Window

+default-size: Rectangle#maximum-size: Rectangle

+create ()

+display ()

+size: Area = (100,100)#visibility: Boolean = true

+hide ()

-xptr: XWindow*

-attac

hXWindow(xwin:Xwindow*)

{abstract,author=Joe,status=tested}


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Interface

Collection ofoperations that

specify a service of a

class or component

Describes the

externally visible

behavior of a

componentUsually attached to a

class or other

component


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Interfaces: Shorthand Notation

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+create()

+login(UserName, Passwd)

+find(StoreId)

+getPOStotals(POSid)

+updateStoreTotals(Id,Sales)

+get(Item)

-storeId: Integer

-POSlist: List

Store

POSterminal

POSterminalHome

StoreHome

Store

POSterminal


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Interfaces: Longhand Notation

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+create()

+login(UserName, Passwd)+find(StoreId)



+get(Item)

-storeId: Integer

-POSlist: List

Store

POSterminal

POSterminalHome

StoreHome

POSterminal



+get(Item)

Store


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Components & Nodes

Component Modular part of system

design that hides itsimplementation behindset of external interfaces

A physical packaging ofotherwise logicalelements (i.e., accessiblethrough the interfaces)

Node Physical element that

exists at runtime andrepresents acomputational resourcehaving some memoryand processing ability


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Conceptual Model of UML

Building blocks of the UML Things

First class citizens Relationships

Tie things together Diagrams

Group interesting collections of things Things

Structural things

Behavioral things

Grouping things

Annotation things


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Behavioral Things

Dynamic part of UML models Verbs of model, representing behavior over time and space

Generally connected to classes, collaborations & objects.

3 kinds:

Interaction

State Machine

Actions


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Interaction

Set of messages exchanged among objects within a context to

accomplish a purpose.

An interaction includes messages, action sequences(behavior invoked

by a message) and links (relationships between objects)

Points to object that receives the messages

display


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Example

Message is called show

Sent from button to window

In real world, a button object sends a show message to a window

object.


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Annotational Things

Comments to describe, illuminate or remark about any element in a

model.

Note

Used for informal or formal text

Used for specifying some aspect outside the model

This is a note which acts

like a comment!


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Structural Modeling: Core Relationships

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association a relationship between two or moreclassifiers that involves connectionsamong their instances.

aggregation A special form of association thatspecifies a whole-part relationship

between the aggregate (whole) andthe component part.

generalization a taxonomic relationship between amore general and a more specificelement.

dependency a relationship between two modelingelements, in which a change to onemodeling element (the independentelement) will affect the other modelingelement (the dependent element).


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Structural Modeling: Core Relationships(contd)

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realization a relationship between a specificationand its implementation.


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Relationships

Dependency

Relationship between two things where a change in one thing (the

"independent" thing) may affect the meaning of another thing (the

"dependent" thing)

Alternatively dependent thing uses independent thing Arrow goes from the "dependent" thing to the "independent" thing.

Example:

Window depends on Event

Window uses Event


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Association

Structural relationship that describes a set of links; i.e., relationships

between objects.

May have direction, may include a label, and often containing

adornments such as multiplicity and role names:

Example:


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Generalization

Specialization/generalization relationship in which objects of the

specialized element ("child") are substitutable for objects of the

generalized element ("parent").

Child shares structure and behavior of parent

Example: Employee is a kind of Person


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Realization

One element specifies a "contract" that another element must carry out.

Open-headed arrow points from the realizer to the element with

the contract

The element carrying out the contract is said to realize the other

element. Example:


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Aggregation

A composite aggregation (filled diamond) means that the multiplicity

at the composite (part) end may be at most one.

Shared aggregation (hollow diamond) means that the multiplicity at

the composite end may be more than one.

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aggregation A special form of association thatspecifies a whole-part relationship

between the aggregate (whole) andthe component part.


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Aggregation

Aggregation is the part-whole relationship. It relates classes,

representing parts (or components) to the whole (or assembly) class.

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UML Aggregation

In UML there are three types of aggregation:

Normal Aggregation

Shared Aggregation

Composition aggregation

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Composition Aggregation Example

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Aircraft

Engine Wing Fuselage

Door LandingGear

2+

21+


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Composition

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Window

scrollbar [2]: Slidertitle: Headerbody: Panel

Window

scrollbar title body

Header Panel

21 1

Slider

111


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Composition (contd)

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scrollbar:Slider

Window

2

title:Header1

body:Panel1


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Aggregation

Aggregation is most useful when there are common

properties of components that can be attached to the

assembly as a whole

Or where operations can propagate from container to

contained objects

Parts explosions are the most compelling examples of

aggregation

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uml - structural and behavioral things

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