umts
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 1
Universal Mobile Telecommunication Universal Mobile Telecommunication SystemSystem
Telecommunications
MSc in Software Development
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 2
UMTS Requirements (Radio Access)UMTS Requirements (Radio Access)
• Maximum User Bit Rates– Rural Outdoor: 144kb/s (goal 384kb/s), up to 500km/h
– Suburban Outdoor: 384kb/s (goal 512kb/s), up to 120km/h
– Indoor/Urban Outdoor: 2Mb/s, max speed 10km/h
• Flexibility– Negotiation of bearer service attributes
– Parallel bearer services (service mix, multimedia)
– Circuit and packet switched bearers
– Scheduling of bearers
– Link adaptation (quality, traffic, load, radio conditions)
– Range of bit rates
– Variable bit rate real-time capabilities
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 3
UMTS Requirements (Radio Access)UMTS Requirements (Radio Access)
• Handover– Seamless handover between cells of one operator
– Efficient handover between UMTS and 2nd generation
• Compatibility with fixed network services– ATM bearer services
– GSM services
– IP based services
– B/N-ISDN services
• Facilities for quality of service provision
• Private and residential operators
• High spectrum efficiency
• Asymmetric band usage
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 4
UMTS Requirements (Radio Access)UMTS Requirements (Radio Access)
• Coverage/Capacity– provide variety of initial coverage/capacity configurations
– Flexible use of various cell types and relations between cells
– Ability to provide cost effective coverage in rural areas
• Viability of mobile terminals
• Reasonable network cost and complexity
• Variety of mobile terminal/station types
• Security
• Compatibility with IMT2000
• Coexistence with other systems
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 5
Technology AspectsTechnology Aspects
• Flexible radio interface based on wideband CDMA technology
• Data rates up to 2Mbps and beyond• Wide range of teleservices
– voice, voice related– video, videotelephony– multimedia– data, Internet– broadcast, paging
• Hierarchical Architecture– Satellite– Public outdoor (macro, micro cell)– Public indoor– Private indoor
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 6
UMTS Terrestrial Radio AccessUMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
• 3rd generation radio access system
– FDD mode (W-CDMA)
– TDD mode (TD-CDMA)
– Multicarrier mode (optional)
• Core network based on evolved GSM network
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 7
Channel bandwidth 5MHz (10Mhz, 20Mhz)
Chip rate 3.84Mchip/s
Frame length 10ms
Channelisation spreading variable spreading
Data modulation QPSK(downlink), BPSK (uplink)
Spreading modulation Balanced QPSK (downlink)
Dual-channel QPSK (uplink)
Coherent detection User dedicated time multiplexed pilot
Common pilot in downlink
Channel multiplexing in Control and pilot channel time multiplexed
uplink I and Q multiplexing for data and control
Multirate Variable spreading
UTRA WUTRA W--CDMA Radio InterfaceCDMA Radio Interface
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 8
UTRA WUTRA W--CDMA Radio InterfaceCDMA Radio Interface
Spreading factors 4 - 256
Power control Open and fast closed loop (1500Hz)
Spreading (downlink) Variable length orthogonal sequences for channel separation, Gold sequences for cell
and user separation
Spreading (uplink) Variable length orthogonal sequences for channel separation, Gold sequences 241 for
user separation (diff. Time shifts in I, Q,
cycle 216 10ms radio frames)
Handover Soft handover
Interfrequency handover
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 9
NodeB
NodeB
UTRA Network UTRA Network -- Interfaces and ProtocolsInterfaces and Protocols
UE
NodeB
RNC
3G SGSN GGSN
NodeB
NodeB
NodeB
RNC
HSS
Iur
Uu
Gs’
Gn
PSTN/ISDN
Internet
IuIub
UTRAN
3G MSC/
VLR
MAP
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 10
UTRA Network FunctionsUTRA Network Functions
• Overall system access control– System information broadcasting
• Radio channel ciphering– Radio channel ciphering
– Radio channel deciphering
• Handover– Radio environment survey
– Handover decision
– Macro-diversity control
– Handover control, execution, completion
– SRNS relocation
– Inter-system handover
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 11
UTRA Network FunctionsUTRA Network Functions
• Radio resource management and control
– Radio bearer connection setup and release
– Reservation and release of physical radio channels
– Allocation and de-allocation of physical radio channels
– Packet data transfer over radio
– RF power control and setting
– Radio channel coding and decoding
– Channel coding control
– Initial (random) access detection and handling
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 12
Radio Interface Protocol ArchitectureRadio Interface Protocol Architecture
RLCRLC
RRC
PHY
MAC
RLC RLC
TransportChannels
LogicalChannels
C-plane signalling U-plane information
L3
L2/RLC
L2/MAC
L1
PDCP BMC
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 13
Physical Layer Physical Layer -- FDD ModeFDD Mode
• Procedures
– Power control
– Cell search
– Random access
– Idle mode operation
• Optional features
– Adaptive antennas
– Multi-user detection
– Downlink transmit diversity
– Location function support
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 14
Physical Layer Physical Layer -- TDD ModeTDD Mode
• Procedures
– Synchronisation of TDD base stations
– Dynamic channel allocation
– Power control
– Cell search
– Random access
• Optional features
– Joint detection (MUD)
– Adaptive antennas
– Downlink transmit diversity
– Location function support
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 15
MAC LayerMAC Layer
• MAC services– Data transfer
– Re-allocation of radio resources and MAC parameters
– Reporting of measurements
– Allocation/deallocation of radio resource
• MAC logical channels– Control Channels (CCH)
• Synchronisation Control Channel (SCCH)
• Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
• Paging Control Channel (PCCH)
• Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)
• Common Control Channel (CCCH)
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 16
MAC LayerMAC Layer
• MAC logical channels (cont.)– Traffic Channel (TCH)
• Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)
• MAC functions– Selection of appropriate transport format
– Priority handling between data flows
– Priority handling between users
– Scheduling of broadcast, paging and notification messages
– Identification of MSs on common transport channels
– Multiplexing/demultiplexing of higher layer PDUs
– Routing of higher layer signalling (TDD mode)
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 17
MAC LayerMAC Layer
• MAC functions (cont.)
– Maintenance of MAC signalling connection (TDD mode)
– Dynamic transport channel type switching
– Traffic volume monitoring
– Monitoring link quality (TDD mode)
– Support of open loop power control
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 18
RLC LayerRLC Layer
• RLC services
– L2 connection establishment/release
– Transparent data transfer
– Unacknowledged data transfer
– Acknowledged data transfer
– QoS setting
• RLC functions
– Connection control
– Segmentation and reassembly
– Transfer of user data
– Error correction
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 19
RLC LayerRLC Layer
• RLC functions (cont.)
– In-sequence delivery of L2 SDUs to higher layers
– Duplicate detection
– Flow control
– Protocol error detection and recovery
– Suspend/resume function
– Quick repeat
– Keep alive
– Ciphering
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 20
Radio Resource ControlRadio Resource Control• RRC services
– General control– Notification– Dedicated control
• RRC functions– Broadcast information from core & radio access network– Establishment, maintenance, and release of RRC connections
between UE and UTRAN– Establishment, re-configuration, and release of radio access
bearers– Assignment, re-configuration, and release of radio resources
for RRC connection– RRC connection mobility functions– Arbitration of radio resource allocation between cells
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 21
Radio Resource ControlRadio Resource Control
• Control of requested QoS
• UE measurement reporting and control of reporting
• Outer loop power control
• Control of ciphering
• Initial cell selection and re-selection in idle mode
• paging/notification
• contention resolution and congestion control
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 22
FDD Mode Transport ChannelsFDD Mode Transport Channels
• Dedicated transport channel
– DCH - Dedicated Channel
• Common transport channel
– BCCH - Broadcast Control Channel
– FACH - Forward Access Channel
– PCH - Paging Channel
– RACH - Random Access Channel
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 23
FDD Mode Frame Structure FDD Mode Frame Structure -- UplinkUplink
Data, Ndata bits
Pilot, Npilot bits TPC, NTPC bits RI, NRI bits
DPDCH
DPCCH
Slot #1 Slot #2 Slot #i Slot #16
0.625ms, 10*2k bits (k=0…6)
Frame #1 Frame #2 Frame #i Frame #72
Tf = 10ms
Tsuper = 720ms
Variable spreading factor SF = 256/2k (k = 0…6)
1 Dedicated Physical Data/Control Channel
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 24
FDD Mode Frame Structure FDD Mode Frame Structure -- UplinkUplink
2 Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
Random access burst
Random access burst
Random access burst
Random access burst
Frame boundary
1.25ms
Offset of access slot #i
Access slot #1
Access slot #2
Access slot #i
Access slot #8
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 25
FDD Mode Frame Structure FDD Mode Frame Structure -- UplinkUplink
Random Access Burst Format
Preamble part Message part
1 ms 0.25 ms 10 ms
Random access burst
Data part
Pilot symbols
Rate Information
10 ms
Message part of random access burst
MS ID Req. Serv. CRCOptional user packet
Structure of Random Access burst data part
I
Q
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 26
FDD Mode Frame Structure FDD Mode Frame Structure -- DownlinkDownlink
Pilot TPC RI
DPDCHDPCCH
Slot #1 Slot #2 Slot #i Slot #16
0.625ms, 20*2k bits (k=0…6)
Frame #1 Frame #2 Frame #i Frame #72
Tf = 10ms
Tsuper = 720ms
Variable spreading factor SF = 256/2k (k = 0…6)
Data
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 27
Downlink Spreading and ModulationDownlink Spreading and Modulation
S →P
p(t)
p(t)
cch cscramb
cos(ωt)
sin(ωt)
DPDCH/DPCCH
I
Q
• cch Channelisation code (OVSF), separates connections
• cscramb Scrambling code (10ms), only one per cell
• p(t) pulse shaping filter
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 28
Uplink Spreading and ModulationUplink Spreading and Modulation
I
Q
IQ
mux
DPDCH
DPCCH
cd
cc
p(t)
p(t)
Re{..}
Im{..}
cos(ωt)
sin(ωt)
I+jQ
cscramb
• cc, cd Channelisation codes, separates data and control
• cscramb Scrambling code (10ms or 256 chips), separates MSs
• p(t) pulse shaping filter
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 29
Transport Channel Coding/MultiplexingTransport Channel Coding/Multiplexing
Channel
coding
Channel
coding
Rate-
matching
Inter-frame
interleaving
Rate-
matching
Inter-frame
interleaving
Rate-
matching
Intra-frame
interleaving
Multiplexing
TrCh 1
TrCh M
CC TrCh
Static rate matching Dynamic rate matching
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 30
FDD Mode FDD Mode -- Cell SearchCell Search
cp
csi,1
cp cp
csi,2 cs
i,16
One radio frame (10ms)
One slot (0.625ms)
ccpp:: primary synchronisation codeprimary synchronisation code
ccssi,ki,k:: secondary synchronisation codesecondary synchronisation code
Search PSC using
match filter
Decode SSC
sequence
Search all codes
in long-code
group
Slot timingSlot timing
acquiredacquired
Frame timing andFrame timing and
longlong--code groupcode group
acquiredacquired
LongLong--codecode
acquiredacquired
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 31
FDD Mode FDD Mode -- Slotted Mode OperationSlotted Mode Operation
Measurement period
10 ms
Synchronisation signal on different carrier
One frame 10ms One frame 10ms One frame 10ms
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 32
TDD Mode Frame StructureTDD Mode Frame Structure
TDD frame 10 msSpreading codes
Data Midamble Data
BS Tx part MS Tx part
Uplink/downlink
switch point
(variable)
downlink
UL/DL
uplink
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 33
Packet Data TransmissionPacket Data Transmission
Three options for packet data transmission– Short packets in RACH
Random access burst
including small packet
Random Access Channel (RACH)
Random access burst
including small packet
Arbitrary time
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 34
Packet Data TransmissionPacket Data Transmission
Random access
burst
Random access
burst
Packet Packet
Random Access Channel (RACH)
Dedicated Channel (DCH)
– Packet reservation based transmission on a dedicated channel
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 35
Packet Data TransmissionPacket Data Transmission
– Packet transmission on existing dedicated channel
Capacity
request
Unscheduled
packet
Scheduled
packet
Link maintenance (pilot and power control)
Dedicated Channel (DCH)
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 36
HandoverHandover
• UTRA Soft handover
– Soft handover between cells
– Softer handover between sectors of same cell
• UTRA to UTRA hard handover
– Inter-frequency handover
– FDD/TDD and TDD/FDD handover
• UTRA to GSM hard handover
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 37
InterInter--operability GSM/UTRAoperability GSM/UTRA
• Requirement for UTRA NodeBs to inform dual mode MS
of existing GSM frequencies in the area
• Inter-operation between UTRAN and GSM BSS to
maintain current service during inter-system
handover
• GSM network is required to indicate WCDMA
spreading codes for easy cell identification
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 38
UMTS Core NetworkUMTS Core Network
• Circuit-switched core network– consists of
– 3G MSC
– 3G Gateway MSC
– Media Gateway
• Packet-switched core network– consists of
– 3G SGSN
– 3G GGSN
– IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) (from Rel.5 onwards)
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 39
IP Multimedia SubsystemIP Multimedia Subsystem
P-CSCF
IM Subsystem
CSCF HSS
Cx
IP Multimedia Networks
Mn
Mb
Mg
Mm
Mb
Mr
Mb
Legacy mobile signalling Networks
Mw
Go
Mw
Gm
Mj Mi
Mk Mk
C, D, Gc, Gr
Mb
Mb
Mb
MRFC
Mp
PSTN
PSTN
UE
BGCF
MGCF IMS-MGW
BGCF CSCF
MRFP
PSTN
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 40
Call Session Control FunctionCall Session Control Function
• Call Session Control Function (CSCF) is SIP server providing control signalling functionality for multimedia services in IP networks
• Proxy-CSCF– first contact point of the UE with the IMS (always in network
where UE resides)– forwards SIP messages to S-CSF/I-CSCF
• Serving-CSCF– always assigned in the home network, acts as registrar making
information available through HSS– handles session states to support SIP services
• Interrogating-CSCF– main contact point in network for home or roaming subscriber in
that network– resolves SIP server addresses for current session
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 41
Other IMS Network ElementsOther IMS Network Elements
• Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF)– selects network for PSTN breakout– once network for breakout is chosen, selects MGCF for inter-working
with PSTN
• Multimedia Resource Function– divided into Media Resource Function Control (MRFC) – controls
media stream resources provided on the Mb interface– and Media Resource Function Processor (MRFP) provides resources for
media streams on the Mb interface
• Media Gateway (MGW)– terminates bearer channels from circuit-switched domain and media
packet streams from the packet-switched domain
• Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)– controls MGW and translates signalling messages between different
signalling systems
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 42
UMTS Protocol ArchitectureUMTS Protocol Architecture
Transport Network Layer
Radio Network Layer
System Network Layer
CONTROL PLANE
CONTROL PLANE
CONTROL PLANE
USER PLANE
USER PLANE
USER PLANE
UE Node B RNC SGSN GGSN
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 43
Transport Network Layer ProtocolsTransport Network Layer Protocols
UE Node B
Uu Iub
WCDMA L1
WCDMA L1
Transport
FP
RLC
MAC
SRNC CN
Iu
RRC/ PDCP
RANAP/ Iu FP
RANAP/ Iu FP
RLC
MAC
FP
Transport
Transport Layers
Transport Layers
RRC/ PDCP
Layer 1
Layer 2
Terrestrial Interfaces Radio Interface
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 44
Transport Network Layer Protocols at Transport Network Layer Protocols at UuUu
• Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol– maps logical channels into appropriate transport channels
• Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol– provide segmentation/reassembly for Protocol Data Units
– provides error correction functions for both control and user data
• Transport Network Layer– used by RRC functions in the control plane as radio signalling
bearers
– used by service-specific protocol layers in the user plane such as the Packet Data Convergence Protocol
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 45
Transport Network Protocols over Terrestrial Transport Network Protocols over Terrestrial InterfacesInterfaces
• Use of ATM as Layer 2 protocol on UTRAN terrestrial interfaces
• Use of Ethernet as Layer 2 on some interfaces in the core network in particular IMS
• Layer 3 and 4 protocols are IP and TCP
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 46
Radio Network LayerRadio Network Layer
UE Node B DRNC SRNC CN
Uu Iub Iur Iu
RRC RRC NBAP NBAP RNSAP RNSAP RANAP RANAP
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 47
System Network LayerSystem Network Layer
UE RNC
Uu Iu
GPRS MM
SGSN
GPRS MM
SS SMS SM SS SMS SM Session
MM Context
Signalling Connection
• Lower layer protocol is responsible formobility management (here we refer to GPRS MM as the mobility management responsible for GPRS users)
• On top of GPRS MM run the communication service specific protocols, session management (SM), supplementary services (SS), and short message service (SMS)
• On top of the UMTS network layer operate the IP based transport and application layer protocols
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 48
UMTS Quality of Service ClassesUMTS Quality of Service Classes
250100Transfer delay max value (ms)
10-3, 10-4, 10-610-1, 10-2, 7*10-3, 10-3, 10-
4, 10-510-2, 7*10-3, 10-3, 10-4, 10-
5SDU error ratio
4*10-3, 10-5, 6*10-85*10-2, 10-2, 5*10-3, 10-3, 10-4, 10-6Residual BER
≤1 500 or 1 502Max. SDU size (octets)
< 2 048Guaranteed bit rate (kbps)
< 2 048 – overhead< 2 048Maximum bit rate (kbps)
BackgroundInteractiveStreamingConversationalTraffic class
• Main criteria for QoS is data transmission delay with other criteria including bit rate (bandwidth), nature of traffic (symm./asymm.), error rate, etc.
• Conversational and streaming class are for real-time traffic
• Interactive and background class are used by normal Internet type data traffic with interactive for WWW browsing and Telnet and background for e-mail and FTP access
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 49
ApplicationsApplications
• Conversational Class Applications– Circuit-switched voice service
• similar to GSM using the 24.008 protocol and AMR speech encoding
– Packet-switched voice service• uses SIP based session management and SDP based session description
as a Voice over IP service, AMR encoding used for speech encoding
• Streaming Class Applications– video and audio streaming using buffering mechanisms at the
receiver to compensate for delay variability in bearer service
• Interactive Class Applications– applications such as web browsing and remote login where the
overall level of service is characterised by the request-response delay
• Background Class Applications– Any non real-time application such as e-mail, ftp access, etc with
delay insensitivity but error free requirement
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 50
QoSQoSRequirementsRequirements
• Conversational/Real-Time Service requirements– ITU-T G.114 limits for voice service
• 0 – 150ms preferred range (<30ms unnoticeable)• 150 – 400ms acceptable range• >400ms unacceptable
– human ear intolerant to jitter but tolerant to some extend to error with a limit of ca. 3% Frame Erasure Rate
• Interactive Service requirement– Zero loss (error) requirement– Delay tolerance – 2 – 4 sec. for web browsing with 0.5 sec target– E-mail download from local service with similar delay requirement
to web browsing
• Background Service requirement– 30sec delivery delay for SMS
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 51
UMTS EndUMTS End--toto--End End QoSQoSArchitectureArchitecture
Netw ork Layers
Transport Layer
UE UTRAN SGSN GGSN IP Server
UMTS
A pplication Layer End-to-End Serv ice
UMTS Bearer Serv ice
UDP
IP IP
UDP
SIP SIP
IP
UDP
SIP
UE
External Bearer Serv ice
Radio A ccess Bearer CN Bearer
Backbone R adio Bearer
UTRA
F DD/TDD Phy s ic al
Iu Bearer Transport
Lay er
Sy s tem
Lay er
Radio
Lay er
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 52
RRC Connection Setup ProcedureRRC Connection Setup Procedure
R R C R R C
3 . R R C C o nnec t io n S e tup C o m p le te
R R C R R C
1 . R R C C o nnec t io n R eq u est
R R C R R C
2 . R R C C o nnect io n S e tu p
{C C C H (o n R A C H ): R R C C o nnec t io n R eq u est }
{ C C C H (o n F A C H ): R R C C o nnec t io n S e tu p }
{D C C H (o n D C H ): R R C C o nnect io n S etu p C o m p le te }
U E N o de B R N C
R N C N o d e B U E
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 53
PDP Context Activation ProcedurePDP Context Activation Procedure
R A B
R B
U E N o d e B R N C
R N C N o d e B U E S G S N
R R C R R C 7 . R a d io B ea re r S e tup C o m p le te
R A N A P R A N A P
8 . R A B A ss ignm e nt R esp o nse
S G S N
R A N A P
R A N A P
N B A P N B A P
N B A P N B A P
R R C
R R C 6 . R ad io B ea re r S e tup
{D C C H : R ad io B ea re r S e tup }
2 . R A B A ss ignme nt R e q ues t
3 . R ad io L ink S e tup
4 . R e sp o nse
5 . A L C A P Iub D a ta T ra nsp o rt B ea re r S e tup
G G S N
G G S N
S M S M 1 . D irec t T ra n s fer : A c tiva te P D P C o n tex t R eq ues t
S M
G T P G T P
G T P G T P
S M
9 . C re a te P D P C o ntext R eq ue s t
1 0 . R e sp o nse
1 1 . D ire c t T ra n s f e r : A c tiva te P D P C o nte xt
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 54
Location ManagementLocation Management
• VLR divided into Location Areas
• Each LA is divided into Routing Areas, which are controlled by the SGSN for paging purposes during packet transfer
• An RA is divided into UTRAN Routing Areas (URA), which are tracked by the RNC
LA
RA
RA
URA
URA URA
URA
Cell
Cell
Cell Cell
Cell Cell Cell Cell
Cell
Cell Cell
Cell
Cell
Cell Cell
Cell Cell
Cell Cell
Cell
Cell Cell
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 55
UTRAN Mobility ManagementUTRAN Mobility Management
• UTRAN mobility management is triggered by the establishment of an RRC connection
• In CONNECTED mode the UE can have different states depending on connection type– Cell DCH: UE has allocated dedicated
resources, e.g. DPDCH and DPCCH– Cell FACH: no dedicated resources but
communication through RACH and FACH
– Cell PCH: UE known by SRNC, UE reached via PCH
– URA PCH: location known at URA level and UE is paged via BCH
URA PCH
Cell PCH Idle Mode
Connected Mode
Cell FACH
Cell DCH
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 56
Core Network Mobility ManagementCore Network Mobility Management
• PMM-DETACHED: UE not known to the network, attach required, SM is inactive
• PMM-IDLE: UE attached to GPR core network with UE having established MM contexts, no RRC connection established (UE know with RA accuracy)
• PMM-CONNECTED: RRC connection established, SGSN tracks UE at RA level with RNC tracking at cell level
PMM DETACHED
PS Attach
PS Signalling Connection Release
PS Signalling Connection Establish
PS Detach Detach, PS Attach Reject, RAU Reject
PS Detach
Serving RNC relocation
3G -SGSN MM States MS MM States
PMM-IDLE SM-ACT IVE or
INACT IVE
Detach, PS Attach Reject, RAU Reject PS Attach
PMM DETACHED
PM M-
SM-ACTIVE or INACTIVE
CONNECTED PS Signalling
Connection Release
PS Signalling Connection Establish
PMM-
SM-ACTIVE or INACTIVE
CONNECTED PM M-IDLE SM-ACTIVE or
INACT IVE
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 57
Attach ProcedureAttach Procedure
U E S G S N
S G S N U E H L R
H L R
P M M
P M M
3. Ide nt ity R eq uest
P M M
P M M
3. Identit y R esp o nse
P M M
P M M
5 . A u thenticat io n R equ est
P M M
P M M
M A P
M A P
8. U p d ate L o cat io n
M A P
M A P
9. Insert S ubscr ibe r D ata
M A P
M A P
9 . A ck
M A P
M A P
1 0 . U pd ate L o c atio n A ck
P M M
P M M
11 . A t tach A ccep t
P M M
P M M 1 2 . A ttach C o m plete
M A P
M A P
6. C heck IM E I
M A P M A P 6. A ck
5 . A u thenticat io n R esp o nse
M A P
M A P
M A P
M A P
4 . S end A uth In fo
4 . A ck
R A N A P
R R C
7 . S ec ur ity M o de C o m m and
7 . S ecur it y M o d e C o m plete
1 . P S A t tach R eq
2 . Init ia l U E M e ssag e
R N C
R N C
R A N A P
R A N A P
R R C /R A N AP
R A N A P
R R C
R R C /R A N A P
R R C R R C
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 58
IntraIntra--SGSN SRNC Relocation ProcedureSGSN SRNC Relocation Procedure
N ode B Source
N ode B T arget
RN C Source
RN C T arget
U E SG SN
N ode B Source
N ode B T arget
RN C Source
RN C Targ et
U E SG S N
RN SAP RNSAP
2. Up link S ign allin g T ran sfer Ind ication
RA NAP
NBAP
3. Relocation Required
RA NAP RANA P 4. Relocation Request
RANA P RANAP 9. Relocation Request Ack
RANAP 10. Relocation Com m an d
RNSAP RNSA P 11. Relocat ion C om m it
RANAP RAN AP 12. Relocation Detect
RRC RRC 14. RNT I Reallocation
RRC RRC 15. RNT I Reallocation C om plete
RAN AP RANA P 16. Relocation Com plete
RA NAP RANAP 17. Iu Release C om m and
RANAP
N BA P
NBAP NBAP
5. Radio L ink Setup Request
6. Radio L ink Setup Response
N BA P NBAP
7. ALC AP Iub D ata T ran sport Bearer Setup
8 . Downlin k and upl ink synch ron isation
RA NAP
1. Decision to in itia te SRN S relocation
NBAP N BAP 13. Radio L ink Failu re In d ication
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 59
InterInter--SGSN SRNC Relocation ProcedureSGSN SRNC Relocation Procedure UE
3. Forward Relocation Request
4. Relocation Request
2. Relocation Required
6. Relocation Command
5. Forward Relocation Rsp
4. Relocation Request Acknowledge
9. Relocation Detect
12. Relocation Complete
12. Forward Relocation Complete
10. RAN Mobility Information
10. Confirm
11. Update PDP Context Request
13. Iu Release Command
13. Complete
1. Decision to perform SRNS relocation
8. Relocation Commit
7. Forwarding of data
11. Response
12. Ack
GTP GTP
GTP GTP
Establishment of Radio Access Bearers
RANAP RANAP
RANAP RANAP
RANAP RANAP
RANAP RANAP
RANAP RANAP
RANAP RANAP
RANAP RANAP
RANAP RANAP
GTP GTP
GTP GTP
RNSAP RNSAP
RNSAP RNSAP
RRC RRC
RRC RRC
GTP
GTP GTP
GTP
GGSN New SGSN
Old SGSN
Target RNC
Source RNC
UE GGSN New SGSN
Old SGSN
Target RNC
Source RNC
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 60
Branch Addition ProcedureBranch Addition Procedure
D CH -FP D CH -FP 4. D ownlink Synchronisation
N B AP N B A P 1. Radio Link Setup Request
N B A P N B A P 2. R adio L ink Setup R esponse
D ecision to setup new R L
RR C RR C
7. A ctive Set U pdate Complete
RR C RR C
6. A ctive Set U pdate
{D CC H : A ctive Set U pdate}
3. A LC A P Iub B earer Setup
D CH -FP D C H -FP 5. U plink Synchronisation
{D CC H : A ctive Set U pdate Complete}
U E
N ode B R N C U E
Start T X
S tart R X
N ode B RN C
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 61
Routing Area Update ProcedureRouting Area Update Procedure
4: Routeing Area Update Request
5: Security Mode Command
6: Security Mode Command
7: Security Mode Complete
8: Sec Mode Compl
9: Routeing Area Update Accept
10: Routeing Area Update Complete
MS Node B RNC SGSN
MS Node B RNC SGSN
1-3: RRC Connection Establishment
11-12: RRC Connection Release
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
RANAP RANAP
RANAP RANAP
RRC/RANAP RRC RANAP
RANAP
RRC/RANAP RRC RANAP
RRC/RANAP RRC
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 62
Service Request ProcedureService Request Procedure SGSN UE
2. Service Request
3. Security Functions
RNC 1. RRC Connection Request
8. Uplink PDU
1. RRC Connection Setup
4. RAB Assignment Request
6. RAB Assignment Response
5. RB Setup
6. RB Setup Complete
HLR GGSN
7. SGSN-Initiated PDP Context Modification
4. Service Accept
SGSN UE RNC HLR GGSN
© Dirk Pesch, 2004 63
Paging ProcedurePaging Procedure
RANAP RANAP 1. Paging
RANAP RANAP
1. Paging
RANAP RANAP
1. Paging
A) UE is in IDLE mode
2. PCCH: Paging Type I
RNSAP RNSAP
B) UE is in URA connected mode or in Cell_PCH RRC state
2. Paging Request
3. PCCH: Paging Type I
3. PCCH: Paging Type I
C) UE is in cell connected mode with existing DCCH
2. DCCH: Paging Type 2
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
RRC
UE RNC MSC RNC NODE B
NODE B
UE RNC MSC RNC