umts_traffic_modeling_presentation.ppt

7/27/2019 UMTS_Traffic_Modeling_Presentation.ppt

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Service & Network Planning for UMTS

Chung Hwa Telecom - Taiwan

Craig A. CooperNetwork & Systems Solutions,Asia Pacific

Tel: +65-380 8670

ESN: 623 8670

Fax: +65-380 8859

Email: [email protected]


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Planning Process Taiwan Market

Customer Definitions

Marketing Services Engineering Services

UMTS Classes

Traffic Behaviour Multi-Service Traffic Model

Network Design Options

Agenda...


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Planning Process...

SignallingSignalling BearersBearers

Network architectureNetwork architecture

UTRANUTRAN

Traffic engineeringTraffic engineering

Core NetworkCore Network

TransmissionTransmission

ServiceService

DefinitionDefinitionMarketMarket

AnalysisAnalysis

Call serversCall servers

Network Requirements Market analysis Service definitions Service usageTraffic

Profiles Models Flows Community of interest

Network Architecture High level overall network design Network evolution Network economics

UTRAN

iBTS RNC

Core Wireless gateway PSTN gateway GGSN

Transmission Architecture dependent

Flexibility Redundancy

Signalling & Call Servers Signalling Call servers Call Attempts / QoS Interworking


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25 50

0

Kilometers

7

20

10

12

22

25

14

3

45

6

8

9

11

13

15

16

17

18

19

21

23

24

Index City Name First Level Second Level Count

1 Kaohsiung Municipality Chu 11

2 Taipei Municipality Chu 12

Municipality Total 231 Chiayi City Districts 2

2 Hsinchu City Districts 3

3 Keelung City Districts 7

4 Taichung City Districts 8

5 Tainan City Districts 7

City Total 27

1 Changhwa Hsien Townships 26

2 Chiayi Hsien Townships 18

3 Hsinchu Hsien Townships 13

4 Hualien Hsien Townships 135 Ilan Hsien Townships 12

6 Kaohsiung Hsien Townships 27

7 Miaoli Hsien Townships 18

8 Nantou Hsien Townships 13

9 Penghu Hsien Townships 6

10 Pintung Hsien Townships 33

11 Taichung Hsien Townships 21

12 Tainan Hsien Townships 31

13 Taipei Hsien Townships 29

14 Taitung Hsien Townships 1615 Taoyuan Hsien Townships 13

16 Yunlin Hsien Townships 20

1 Kinman Hsien Townships 6

2 Lienkian Hsien Townships 4

Hsien Total 319

Grand Total 369

Hsiens are usually large in surface area and

for this reason they contain the highest

number of townships.

Taiwan Divisions...


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Taipei Townships, BuildingClutter Data & Roads

Kilometers

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Public and private dwellings in Taipei

Municipality cover about 20% of the total

surface area. Clutter data is available for

all other areas of Taiwan also. Micro-

studies can be done at the street level (seeinset above).


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Population DensityPopulation Density 1996

by Township

30,000 to 41,000 (3)

20,000 to 30,000 (11)

15,000 to 20,000 (9)

10,000 to 15,000 (7)5,000 to 10,000 (14)

0 to 5,0 00 (325)

NoMunicipality, City or

Hsien Name

Area

(km^2)

Total

Population

Male

Population

Female

Population Density

1 Taipei Municipality 272 2,598,493 1,295,637 1,302,856 9,560

2 Kaohsiung Municipality 154 1,436,142 730,164 705,978 9,350

3 Taichung City 163 901,961 448,268 453,693 5,5194 Chiayi City 60 262,822 132,520 130,302 4,379

5 Tainan City 176 717,811 363,149 354,662 4,087

6 Hsinchu City 104 351,800 180,465 171,335 3,380

7 Keelung City 133 379,370 195,483 183,887 2,858

8 Taipei Hsien 2,053 3,420,535 1,733,428 1,687,107 1,666

9 Taoyuan Hsien 1,221 1,614,471 834,135 780,336 1,322

10 Changhwa Hsien 1,074 1,297,744 673,396 624,348 1,208

11 Penghu Hsien 127 91,169 47,783 43,386 719

12 Taichung Hsien 2,051 1,447,761 744,377 703,384 706

13 Yunlin Hsien 1,291 751,913 397,292 354,621 58314 Tainan Hsien 2,016 1,096,251 568,164 528,087 544

15 Kaohsiung Hsien 2,793 1,227,160 638,557 588,603 439

16 Kinman Hsien 153 51,080 26,499 24,581 334

17 Pintung Hsien 2,776 913,764 478,226 435,538 329

18 Miaoli Hsien 1,820 560,344 294,720 265,624 308

19 Chiayi Hsien 1,902 567,695 299,791 267,904 299

20 Hsinchu Hsien 1,428 421,721 221,796 199,925 295

21 Lienkian Hsien 29 8,419 4,752 3,667 292

22 Ilan Hsien 2,144 466,603 241,958 224,645 218

23 Nantou Hsien 4,106 546,707 286,080 260,627 13324 Hualien Hsien 4,629 358,077 190,728 167,349 77

25 Taitung Hsien 3,515 253,002 136,396 116,606 72

Grand Total 36,188 21,742,815 11,163,764 10,579,051 1,947

The population figures in the above table have been sorted

by density. The Taipei and Kaohsiung municipalities have

greater than 9000 persons per sq km. Hualien and Taitung

hsiens are the least dense with less than 100 persons per

sq km. About 28% of the total population live in the Taipeiarea.


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Population Distribution

Population Density

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

10 50 100

200

300

400

500

1,00

0

2,00

0

3,00

0

4,00

0

5,00

0

6,00

0

7,00

0

8,00

0

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

Pop per sq Km

Frequencyofsq

km

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

Cummulative%of

Surface

Area

A third of the surface area has a

population density less than 100/km2

Just over half of the surface area has a

population density less than 200/km2

90%of the surface area has a

population density less than 2,000/km2


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People Employed in Primary Industry Sector

The primary industry sector includes such activities as

agriculture, fishing and mining. Traditional farming techniques

are still being used by many Taiwanese. The subtropical

climatic conditions make Taiwan an ideal location to grow

many different types of fruits.

Lishan Wuling Farm Moon World Meaning

Apples Fruit Orchards Bananas Fruit Orchards

Pears Jujube Tobacco Fields

Peaches Bamboo Sugar Cane

Betel Palms

Most persons employed in the primary sector live in the

central western coast. Primary sector employees represent

only 20% of the total labour force.

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Employed Persons in Primary Sector 1993

by Township

18,800 to 23,700 (4)

14,100 to 18,800 (14)

9,400 to 14,100 (45)

4,700 to 9,400 (121)

0 to 4,700 (185)


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People Employed in Secondary IndustrySector

The secondary sector, also known as the

manufacturing sector can be described as the

enterprises that are involved in turning raw materials(i.e. natural resources) into finished goods.

The Taiwanese government have set up Export

Processing Zones (EPZ) to attract overseas investors

to engage in manufacturing and trading. Usually EPZs

carry dual functions: free-trade zones as well as

industrial parks. According to the government,

Taiwans well-planned EPZs play a promotional and

pioneering role in the process of economic

development.

The following are a list of some of the EPZs in Taiwan

and their industrial specialisations:

Taipei Hsinchu Taichung Kaohsiungceramics microchips food-stuffs shipbuilding

chemicals computers footwear steel

electronics electronics furniture hardware

machinery biochemical hardware machinery

plastic goods robotics printing shrimp culture

textile telecom textile

The two major science parks are located in Hsinchu

and Tainan and have attracted global attention.

Employed Persons in Secondary Sector 1993

by Township

85,000 to 1 03,000 (3)

68,000 to 85,000 (2)

51,000 to 68,000 (1)

34,000 to 51,000 (18)

17,000 to 34,000 (43)

0 to 17,000 (302)


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People Employed in Tertiary Industry SectorEmployed Persons in Tertiary Sector 1993

135,000 to 1 61,000 (2)

108,000 to 1 35,000 (2)

81,000 to 1 08,000 (8)

54,000 to 81,000 (10)

27,000 to 54,000 (27)

0 to 27,000 (320)

Employed Persons

20%

35%

45%

Primary Sector Secondary Sector Tertiary Sector

The tertiary industry sector is usually known as the

service sector. Like Taiwan, a large proportion ofemployed persons in developed countries work in the

service sector. About 45% of Taiwans labour force

work in retail, property and business, finance and

insurance, cutural and recreational services,

transport,storage and communications, government

and health services. Most of these employees live in

Taipei municipality and hsien and Kaohsiung

municipality and hsien.


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Surface Area Coverage

0

Kilometers

25 50

0-200M

200-500M

0-200M

3000MHW

2000-2500M

1500-2000M1000-1500M

500-1000M

200-500M

0-200M

500-1000M

0-200M2000-2500M1500-2000M200-500M

0-200M

3000MHW

2000-2500M

1500-2000M

1000-1500M200-500M

3000MHW

2000-2500M

1500-2000M

1000-1500M

500-1000M

0-200M

3000MHW

2500-3000M

2000-2500M

1500-2000M

2000-2500M

The national motorway is located on the west coast of

the island. Most major highways and roads intersect

the motorway going from north-west to south-west.

There are few roads crossing east to west because of

the rugged terrain.

From the perspective of the current UMTS network

design proposal an approximate total Taiwan surface

area of 13K square kilometers has been addressed.

This coverage area reflects the total land surface area

below the 1,000 ft elevation level and represents

about 36% of the total land mass.


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0.0

5000.0

10000.0

15000.0

20000.0

25000.0

30000.0

35000.0

40000.0

0.0%

0.3%

0.8%

1.6%

3.0%

4.4%

5.9%

7.4%

9.1%

11.5%

13.3%

15.3%

17.4%

19.2%

21.4%

24.1%

26.0%

28.7%

31.8%

34.2%

38.1%

40.8%

44.4%

49.4%

54.1%

64.0%

90.9%

Cummulative Percentage of Surface Area

CummulativeSu

rfaceArea

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

CummulativeP

opulation

Population Addressed

Population

Surface Area

36% of

Surface Area

94.8% of Total

Population (21.5M)


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0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400Ranked Townships

Cu

mulativeWeight

Business = 860k

Households = 6200k

Surface = 36000 sq km

Yellow Blue Red Grey Total

Post Codes 67 64 71 167 369

Businesses 60% 20% 10% 10% 100%

Households 54% 21% 12% 13% 100%

Surface Area 4% 8% 11% 77% 100%

Market Prioritisation


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Relatively affluent, busy work and social life,heavy consumer of multimedia at home.Tends to be quite active and mobile -probably commutes a long way to work bycar or public transport.

High End

Less affluent or mobile but values the ability to

stay in touch with friends and family. Also arelatively high user of multimedia in the homewhich is a catalyst for limited use of mobilemultimedia services.

Life Consumer

A user who likes the security of a mobilephone. More likely to use such services asvoicemail, email, local zone and prepaid.

Casual User

DescriptionMarket

Segmentations

Market Segments - Residential


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An employee who has no office or desk, and so is mobile 70-100%of the time. Examples include service engineers, transport drivers,and tradesmen. These users also need to maintaincommunications with colleagues, clients and suppliers but will belower users of sophisticated mobile services although access tocorporate databases on the LAN, intranet or Internet will beimportant for some.

Road Warrior

A senior or middle manager who works away from his office/desk for between 20%

and 50% of his time. These users usually have a highly interactive function -liaising with colleagues, clients and suppliers much of the time. They will tend tobe high users of information services, video-conferencing, and services providingaccess to their company intranet or LAN, to access email and corporate databases.

Mobile

A casual user is someone who likes to receive incoming businesscalls from his/her customers and takes advantage of a limitednumber of business-specific services. Likely to be a user of emailand internet web browsing.

Casual User

DescriptionMarket

Segmentations

Market Segments - Business


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Proposed UMTS(Marketing Services)

Proposed UMTS(Engineering Services) Service Description

1 Supplementary Services Voice, Voicemail Call waiting, Call hold, Call forward

2 Bearer Services Voice Making a call

3 Wireless Office Email, FTP Remote access

4 Mobile Internet Web Browsing, FTP Wireless access to multimedia technologies

5 Call Filtering Voice, Voicemail Call barring

6 Pre Paid Voice, Voicemail Prepaid cards

7 Local Zone Voice, Voicemail, Fax Local calls, fax

8 Personal Assistant Personal Productivity Online scheduler, Calander

9 Unified Messaging Messaging Voice, Data, Video, Audio

10 Single Number / Personal Number Voice One number to many locations

11 Family & Friends Voice Cheap calls to specific numbers

12 Inter-Carrier Voice Cheap calls to specific carriers

13 Push Services Multimedia Information services, Security and Web fsite filtering

14 Specific Pull Services Information Services (Share Trader, Share price, Where am I?)

15 Games Multimedia Interactive games

16 Music Download Multimedia Internet sites selling music online

17 Chat Room Applications Web Browsing Online chat rooms

18 Audio Streaming Multimedia Internet radio stations19 Personal Information Manager Personal Productivity Online scheduler

20 Video Conference Multimedia Net meeting

21 Video Streaming Multimedia Video-on-Demand

22 Telemetry Information Services Online navigation systems

23 Target Advertising Web Browsing Online advertising

24 Search Engine Web Browsing Yahoo, Altavista, etc

25 eCommerce Electronic Commerce Shopping online

Marketing Services View


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Proposed UMTS

(Engineering Services) UMTS ClassesVoice Conversational

Facsimile ConversationalEmail Background

Video-Conferencing ConversationalWeb Browsing Interactive

Multimedia StreamingFTP Background

Information Services InteractivePersonal Productivity Interactive

Electronic Commerce Interactive

Engineering Services View


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UMTS Classes: Delay & Packet Loss

versus Services

NotificationFTP, stillimage,

paging

E-commerce,WWW browsing

E-mail

Telnet,interactive

games

Voice

messagingStreaming

audio, videoFax

Conversational

voice and video

Interactive Responsive Timely Non-critical

10%

5%

0%

Zero

loss

100 msec 1 sec 10 sec 100 sec

One-way

delay

Packet Loss


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Busy Hour Voice - Erlang BAMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0.1

1.9

3.7

5.5

7.3

9.1

10.9

12.7

14.5

16.3

18.1

19.9

21.7

23.5

25.3

27.1

28.9

30.7

32.5

34.3

36.1

37.9

39.7

41.5

43.3

45.1

46.9

48.7

50.5

52.3

54.1

55.9

57.7

59.5

Busy Hour Minutes

Kb/s

AMR Voice @ 12.2Kb/s

Voice over 1 Busy-Hour: Poisson Distribution of Call Arrivals

Example: 30 Erlangs of traffic

Erlang-B at 0.5% blocking: 45 simultaneous calls

Using AMR encoding at 12.2 Kb/s: 549 Kb/s of bandwidth


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-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0.1

1.9

3.7

5.5

7.3

9.1

10.9

12.7

14.5

16.3

18.1

19.9

21.7

23.5

25.3

27.1

28.9

30.7

32.5

34.3

36.1

37.9

39.7

41.5

43.3

45.1

46.9

48.7

50.5

52.3

54.1

55.9

57.7

59.5

Busy Hour Minutes

Kb/s

Generic Data - Gap Fill


Data Gap Filling - Data for Free!

Average simultaneous calls: 30 (30 Erlangs)

(549 Kb/s - (30 x 12.2 Kb/s)) = 183 Kb/s

82 MBytes per hour available

Reasonably delay insensitive traffic can be free


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Data Session Model...

Packets Active On Active Off

Packet

PacketCalls

A DA A AND

Inactive Off

A: Active State

D: Dormant State

N: Null

Sessions Null

SessionArrival of sessions follow a Poisson distribution


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Detailed Traffic Models...Application Telnet WWW FTP eMail

Session Arrival Process

Number of Packet Calls

per Session

Geometric (mean of

114)Geometric (mean of 5) 1 Geometric (mean of 2)

Inter-Arrival Time Between

Packet Calls (Sec)

Geometric (mean of 1

sec)

Reading Time Beween

Packet Calls (sec)


sec)

Pareto (mean of 90,

K=30, a = 1.5

Number of Packets per

Packet Call1

Pareto (mean of 25,

K=2.27, a = 1.1

Pareto (mean of 62

K=5.64, a = 1.1

Function of the packet

size and Weibull

distributed packet call

size (mean of 15,

A=1/e^9, B=2.04)

Packet Size (bytes) Geometric (mean of 90) 480 480 480

Inter-Arrival Time Between

Packets (sec)


sec)

Geometric (mean of

1/[(bits-per-secpktsize] seconds to match

source date rate of bits-

per-sec)

Geometric (mean of



per-sec)

Geometric (mean of



per-sec)

Poisson with Offered Traffic Dependent Mean Arrival Rate

Packets

Active On Active Off

Packet

PacketCalls

A DA A AND

Inactive Off

A: Active State

D: Dormant State

N: Null

Sessions

NullSession

Arrival of sessions follow a Poisson distribution


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Uniform Distribution of Data

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0.1

1.9

3.7

5.5

7.3

9.1

10.9

12.7

14.5

16.3

18.1

19.9

21.7

23.5

25.3

27.1

28.9

30.7

32.5

34.3

36.1

37.9

39.7

41.5

43.3

45.1

46.9

48.7

50.5

52.3

54.1

55.9

57.7

59.5

Busy Hour Minutes

Kb/s

Generic Data @ 183 Kb/s


82 Mbytes of traffic to be transferred evenly over 1 hour:

183 Kb/s of additional bandwidth added

Packets

Active On Active Off

Packet

PacketCalls

A DA A AND

Inactive Off

A: Active State

D: Dormant State

N: Null

Sessions

NullSession

Arrival of sessions follow a Poisson distribution


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-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0.1

1.9

3.7

5.5

7.3

9.1

10.9

12.7

14.5

16.3

18.1

19.9

21.7

23.5

25.3

27.1

28.9

30.7

32.5

34.3

36.1

37.9

39.7

41.5

43.3

45.1

46.9

48.7

50.5

52.3

54.1

55.9

57.7

59.5

Busy Hour Minutes

Kb/s

New Generic Data - Gap Fill


Uniform Distribution of Data +Data Gap Filling

Average simultaneous calls: 30 (30 Erlangs)

(549 Kb/s + 183 Kb/s) - (30 x 12.2 Kb/s) = 366 Kb/s

164 MBytes per hour available

This approach has provided a 200% data capacity


27/52

-

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0.1

1.9

3.7

5.5

7.3

9.1

10.9

12.7

14.5

16.3

18.1

19.9

21.7

23.5

25.3

27.1

28.9

30.7

32.5

34.3

36.1

37.9

39.7

41.5

43.3

45.1

46.9

48.7

50.5

52.3

54.1

55.9

57.7

59.5

Busy Hour Minutes

Kb/s

Data Peakedness Factor @ 1.4

Generic Data @ 183 Kb/s


Peakedness Factors

The same 82 Mbytes of traffic to be transferred evenly over 1 hour

+ an additional factor for peakedness:

Is this necessary???

Data carrying capability is now 240% of throughput requirements


28/52

Differentiated TrafficServices...

TRAFFIC = REVENUE

AirInterfaceMbit/s

System Capacity

= Investments

Service Requirements

Best Effort + Push

Low Revenue

High Revenue = Guaranteed Throughput

TIME

Traffic Management :Reduces Investment, Improve QoS, Increase Revenues


29/52

Voice

Facsimile Email Video-Conferencing Web Browsing

Multimedia FTP Information Services Personal Productivity Electronic Commerce


30/52

Voice Model...

Actual Number of Users 4,000

Charateristic End-User Behaviour

Service Bandwidth Requirement (kbps) 8.0

Total network Erlangs 80.0

Up Stream

Peak-Time Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 640.0 Kbps

Down Stream


Assumptions

Customer Characteristics:

Traffic per Line (milli.Erlangs) 20.0

Application Characteristics:

Average Kbps per Call: 8.0

Total Traffic (80 Erlangs) = Traffic-per-

Line (20m.E) x Subscribers (4,000)

Service Bandwidth (640 Kbps) = Traffic

(80 Erlangs) x Per Session Bandwidth (8

Kbps)

Erlang B is applied to this calculation within the UMTS dimensioning tool

- UTRAN Aggregation versus Core Aggregation


31/52





Up Stream


Down Stream


Assumptions


Traffic per Line (milli.Erlangs) 5.0


Average Kbps per Fax: 12.2

Facsimile Model...

Total Traffic (12 Erlangs) = Traffic-per-

Line (5m.E) x Subscribers (2,400)

Service Bandwidth (146.4 Kbps) = Traffic

(12 Erlangs) x Per Session Bandwidth(12.2 Kbps)




32/52

eMail Model...

Actual Number of Users 3,400Peak-Time Throughput per User (KB) 1,088

Peak-Time Users 25% 850UL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (kbps) 531.9DL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (kbps) 221.6


Average Size of the Message (Kbytes) 256Up Stream

Messages per day per user 12Peak-Time Messages(per user) 25% 3Peak-Time Traffic per User [US] (Kbits) 6,144 Kb

Down StreamMessages per day per user 5Peak-Time Messages(per user) 25% 1Peak-Time Traffic per User [DS] (Kbits) 2,560 Kb

Assumptions


Peak-Time (in hours): 3.0Peak-Time Users: 25%Peak Traffic: 25%Peakedness Factor 1.1


Total Number of Kbytes per object: 256Messages Received: 5Messages Sent: 12

Msgs Sent (12) x % Sent (25%) in Peak-Time

(3 hr) x Avg email size (256KB)

Msgs Received (5) x % Sent (25%) in Peak-

Time (3 hr) x Avg email size (256KB)

{Total Users (3,400) x Peak-Time-Users (25%)

x Avg Kbits/User (6,144 UL / 2,560 DL) x

Peakedness-Factor} {3,600 sec x Peak-Time (3hr)}


33/52

Video Conference Model...

Actual Number of Users 120




Up Stream


Down Stream


Assumptions


Average Session Duration (min) 20.0

Busy-Hour Call Attempts per Sub 0.3


Average Kbps per Session: 128.0

Total Erlangs (12 Erlangs) = Avg Busy-Hour-Call-Attempts (0.3) x Avg Session

Duration (20 min) x Number-of-Users

(120)

Service Bandwidth (1,536 Kbps) = Traffic

(12 Erlangs) x Per Session Bandwidth

(128 Kbps)




34/52

Web Browsing Model...


UL Peak-Time Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 0.04DL Peak-Time Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 0.44

Peak-Time Users 30% 1080

UL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (kbps) 48.0

DL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (kbps) 480.0


Average Size of a Web page (Kbytes) 80

Average Length of browsing (Min/Session) 35

Requests per Surfing Session 38Session Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 128.0

Transaction Rate 0.0035

Peak-Time(seconds) 10800

Peak-Time Bandwidth per User (kbps) 0.44 Kbps

Assumptions


Peak-Time (in hours): 3.0

Peak-Time Users: 30%

Rate of request (in seconds) 56


Web page size (Kbytes): 80

Protocol overhead factor: 1.2

Downstream-to-Upstream traffic ratio 10 :1

Expected Response Time (sec): 6

Session BW per User (128 Kbps) = Avg

Web Page Size (80 KB) Response Time(6 sec)

Requests per Session (38) = Avg Session

Time (35 min) * Rate of Requests (56 sec)

1 request every 56 seconds. Source:

NielsonNet Ratings

Transaction Rate (0.0035) = Requests per

Session (38) Peak Time (3hr x 3,600sec/hr)

Peak Time BW per User (0.44 Kbps) =

Session BW per User (128 Kbps) x

Transaction Rate (0.0035)

1

3

2

4

Service Bandwidth (X Kbps) = Total

Users (3,600) x Peak Time Users (30%) x

Per User BW (0.44 Kbps)

Downstream traffic is calculated and Upstream is

defined as a ratio of Downstream (I.e. 10:1)

5


35/52

Target AudienceStereo

Music Voice Only

Voice &

Music

Video Stream

*

28.8 Kbps modem 20.0 Kbps 5.0 Kbps 6.5 Kbps 13.8 Kbps

56 Kbps modem 32.0 Kbps 8.5 Kbps 28.2 Kbps

64 Kbps single ISDN 44.0 Kbps

112 Kbps dual ISDN 64.0 Kbps 8.5 Kbps 8.5 Kbps 72.9 Kbps

Corporate LAN 120.5 Kbps

256 Kbps DSL/cable modem 196.0 Kbps384 Kbps DSL/cable modem 322.0 Kbps

512 Kbps DSL/cable modem 422.4 Kbps

* Total video & audio stream requires the addition of an audio rate with the appropriate video rate

"Working with REALPRODUCER 8 Codecs"

RealNetworks Technical Blueprint Series, 19 May 2000

Default Audio-Streaming is 96 Kbps

Default Video-Streaming is 153.5 Kbps (120.5 Kbps video + 33 Kbps voice+music audio)

32.0 Kbps 33.0 Kbps96.0 Kbps

Streaming Parameters...

M lti M di M d lAudio Streaming Model


36/52

Multi-Media Model...g





Down Stream


Video Streaming Model





Down Stream


Assumptions


Average Session Duration Audio (min) 3.5

Average Session Duration Video (min) 10.0

Busy-Hour Call Attempts per Sub (Audio) 0.5

Busy-Hour Call Attempts per Sub (Video) 0.2

Percentage of Video Streaming Users 25%

Percentage of Audio Streaming Users 90%


Average Kbps per Audio Stream: 96.0

Average Kbps per Video+Audio Stream: 153.5Peakedness Factor 1.4

Total Network Erlangs (36.8) = PeakPeriod Call Attempts (0.5) x Session

Duration (3.5 min) x Users (1,260)

Service Bandwidth (4,939.2 Kbps) = Total

Erlangs (36.8) x Per Session BW (96Kbps) x Peakedness Factor (1.4)

Mix of services take-up. Combined sum

must lie between 100% and 200%.


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Time Estimates - MP3 AudioDownloads in UMTS

Assumption 1: UMTS Avg. Data Rate 120-160 kbps. Burst Rate of 384 Kbps ispossible

Assumption 2: Content Duration of different audio applications

Assumption 3: After Encoding at 21 kbps 250 kbps to suit UMTS Avg. Data rate& Burst rate

File size of Music Audio 1 MB to 15 MB File size of News Audio 360 kb to 8 MB

At 120 kbps:

3 sec to 67 sec

At 160 kbps:

3 sec to 50 sec

At 120 kbps:

9 sec to 125 sec

At 160 kbps:

7 sec to 94 sec

UMTS

(120-160kbps)

Avg. Time taken

to download

News Videos

(24 minute content)

Avg. Time taken

to download

Music Video

(58 minute content)


38/52

FTP Model...




Average Size of the Message (Kbytes) 1,024

Up Stream

Total messages per day 2.0

Total Peak-Time Messages 30% 0.6

Simultaneous sessions required 5.0

Peak-Time Throughput [UL] 172.0 Kbps

Down Stream

Messages per day per user 3.0

Peak-Time Messages(per user) 30% 0.9Simultaneous sessions required 7.6

Peak-Time Throughput [DL] 258.0 Kbps

Assumptions




Peak Traffic: 30%Peakedness Factor 1.4

Expected download time (sec) 30


Total Number of Kbytes per object: 1,024

Files Downloaded: 3

Files Uploaded: 2

User Peak Time Msgs (0.6) = Peak Time

Msgs (30%) x Total Daily Msgs (2)

Peak Time Users (720) = Total Users

(1,800) x Peak Users (40%)

Simultaneous Sessions (5) = User Peak

Msgs per Second (0.6 3,600) x Expected

Download Time (30 sec) x Peak TimeUsers (720) x Peakedness Factor (1.4)

Peak Throughput [UL] (172 Kbps) = Total

KB per Object (256 KB) sec/hr (3,600sec) Expected Download Time (30 sec)

x Simultaneous Sessions (5)

Telemetry Model

I f ti S i


39/52

y





Up Stream


Pull-Services Model





Down StreamPeak-Time Network Bandwidth (Kbps) 1008.0 Kbps

Assumptions


Average Session Duration Telemetry (min) 0.5

Average Session Duration Pull-Services (min) 3.0

Busy-Hour Call Attempts per Sub (Telemetry) 0.2

Busy-Hour Call Attempts per Sub (Pull-Services) 0.5

Percentage of Pull-Services Users 50%

Percentage of Telemetry Streaming Users 50%


Average Kbps per Telemetry Stream: 28.8

Average Kbps per Pull-Service Stream: 56.0Peakedness Factor 1.2

Information ServicesModel...

Total Network Erlangs (1.0) = Peak PeriodCall Attempts (0.2) x Session Duration

(0.5 min) x Users (600)

Service Bandwidth (34.6 Kbps) = Total

Erlangs (1.0) x Per Session BW (28.8Kbps) x Peakedness Factor (1.2)

Mix of services take-up. Combined sum

must lie between 100% and 200%.


40/52

Personal Productivity Model(Personal Information Manager)


Peak-Time Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 0.01


UL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (Kbps) 10.67

DL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (Kbps) 2.67


Average Transaction Size (Kbytes) 3.2

Transaction Rate 0.0004

Transactions per Peak-Time 1.5

Peak-Time(seconds) 3,600

Peak-Time Bandwidth per User(Kbps) 0.01 Kbps

Assumptions




Number of Transactions per user (per peak hour): 1.5

Upstream-to-Downstream traffic ratio 4 :1


Number of Kbytes per transaction: 3.2

Peakedness Factor 2.0

Transaction Rate (0.0004) = Peak PeriodTransactions per User (1.5) Peak Period

Duration (3,600 sec)

Peak BW per User (0.01 Kbps) =

Transaction Rate (0.0004) x Avg

Transaction Size (3.2 KB)


(2,000) x Peak Users (25%)

Total Peak BW (10.67 Kbps) = Peak BW

per User (0.01 Kbps) x Peak Time Users

(500) x Peakedness Factor (2.0)

1

3

2


41/52

eCommerce Model...Actual Number of Users 1,200

Peak-Time Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 0.60


Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (Kbps) 217.60

Bandwidth per Session

Average Length of Browsing (Min) 12.5

Requests per E-Commerce Session 8.5

Bandwidth per Request per User (Kbps) 256.0

Session Transaction Rate 0.0113

Session Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 2.90 Kbps


Average Size of a Web page (Kbytes) 160

Peak-Time Sessions per User 2.0Peak-Time (sec) 7,200

Peak-Time Bandwidth per User (Kbps) 0.60 Kbps

UL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (kbps) 27.2 Kbps

DL Total Peak-Time Bandwidth (kbps) 217.6 Kbps

Assumptions


Peak-Time (in hours): 2.0Peak-Time Users: 30%

Peak-Time Sessions per User 2

Requests per session 8.5

Length of eComm Session (min) 12.5

E-Commerce Application Characteristics:

Web page size (Kbytes): 160

Overhead factor: 1.2

Expected Response Time (seconds): 6

Downstream-to-Upstream traffic ratio 8 :1

BW Request per User (256 Kbps) =Average Size of a Web-Page (160 KB) x

Overhead Factor (1.2) ExpectedResponse Time (6 sec)

Session Transaction Rate (0.0113) =

Requests per Session (8.5) Avg Lengthof Browsing (12.5 min)

Session BW per User (2.9 Kbps) = BW

Request per User (256 Kbps) x Session

Transaction Rate (0.0113)


(1,200) x Peak Users (30%)

Total Peak [DL] BW (217.6 Kbps) = Peak

BW per User (0.6 Kbps) x Peak Time

Users (360)

Peak BW per User (0.6 Kbps) = BW

Request per User (256 Kbps) x Peak Time

Sessions per User (2) x Requests per

Session (8.5) Peak Time Duration (7,200sec)


42/52

UMTS Architecture R2 x


43/52

PSTN GwWireless

Gateway

Call Server

GGSN (Shasta)

PCM

E1s

RNC

Node-Bs

IMA E1s

RNC

Direct chaining of UMTS network elements creates thepotential for functionality to become stranded.

Configuring individual elements for multiple physical-trunk routes produces inefficient link utilisation.

Protection and path redundancy is not effectivelymanaged at this element layer(access & edge).

Iu-b

Iu-bIu-r

Iu

Iu

UMTS Architecture R2.x

Logical UMTS Architecture


44/52

RNC

PSTN GwWireless

Gateway

Call Server

GGSN (Shasta)

252 E1 252 E1

252 E1 252 E1

16 x STM1

TN-16XE

PCM

E1s

STM-1

Channelised

(IMA)

Node-Bs

IMA E1s

Logical UMTS Architecture

Physical Transmission Architecture

VSP

+ E1s

STM-1

STM-1 STM-1

PP15K PP15K PP15K

The Passport

15Ks represent

the ATM cloud

only and not a

distribution of

functionality

PP8600

RNC

Iu-b

Iu-bIu-r

Iu

Iu


45/52

TPM

02

ILH

039

HCC

03

TYH03

MLH

037

TCC

04

NTH

049HLH

038

CHH04

YLH

05

CYC

05

TNC

06

KSM07 TTH089

PTH

08

PHH

06

KMH

0823

KMW

0826

LKH

0836

I1 Area Code and Name

1 02 TPM Taipei

2 03 TYH Taoyuan

3 03 HCC Hsinchu

4 037 MLH Miaoli

5 038 HLH Hualien

6 039 ILH Ilan

7 04 TCC Taichung

8 04 CHH Changhua

9 049 NTH Nantou

10 05 YLH Yunlin11 05 CYC Chai

12 06 TNC Tainan

13 06 PHH Penghu

14 07 KSM Kaohsiung

15 08 PTH Pingtung

16 0823 KMH Kinmen

17 0826 KMW Wuchiu

18 0836 LKH Matsu

19 089 TTH Tatung

CHT has defined 19 LCAs4 of them are off-shore LCAs

LCA varies in Surface Area Number of customers (Res and Bus)

Local Calling Areas (LCAs) -CHT Concept

N t k D i D i i


46/52

Network Design Decisions...

RNCPSTN Gw

Wireless

Gateway

Call Server

Central Office

Regional PoPs

LCA

PSTN

/PoI

RNC

LCA

PSTN

/PoI

PSTN

GwWireless

Gateway

Call Server

ATM

Core

ATM

Core

RNC

LCA

PSTN/PoIPSTN

Gw

Wireless

Gateway

Call Server

ATM

CoreGGSNGGSN

GGSN

1 2 3

C ll Fl A hit t (1)


47/52

Call Flows -Architecture (1)

RNCPSTN Gw

Wireless

Gateway

Call Server

Central Office

Regional PoPs

LCA

PSTN

/PoI

ATM

Core

GGSN

RNCPSTN Gw

Wireless

Gateway

Call Server

LCA

PSTN

/PoI

ATM

Core

GGSN

RNCPSTN Gw

Wireless

Gateway

Call Server

LCA

PSTN

/PoI

ATM

Core

GGSN

Carrying voice

traffic back to

the LCA at

64Kb/s

Most RNC-to-

RNC hand-offs

will be wihin

an LCA (ie. a

lot of traffic

hairpinning)

C ll Fl A hit t (2)


48/52

Call Flows -Architecture (2) Central Office

Regional PoPs

LCA

PSTN

/PoI

PSTN

Gw Wireless

Gateway

Call Server

ATM

Core

GGSN

LCA

PSTN

/PoI

PSTN

Gw Wireless

Gateway

Call Server

ATM

Core

GGSN

RNC

LCA

PSTN

/PoI

PSTN

Gw Wireless

Gateway

Call Server

ATM

Core

GGSN

RNC RNC Wireless Gate-

ways are under

utilised

Call Flows Architecture (3) Central Office


49/52

Call Flows -Architecture (3) Central Office

Regional PoPs

RNC

LCA

PSTN/PoI

PSTN

Gw

Wireless

Gateway

Call Server

ATM

Core

GGSN

RNC

LCA

PSTN/PoIPSTN

Gw

Wireless

Gateway

Call Server

ATM

Core

GGSN

RNC

LCA

PSTN/PoIPSTN

Gw

Wireless

Gateway

Call Server

ATM

Core

GGSN

Wireless Gate-

ways are fully

utilised

Carrying voice

traffic back to

the LCA at

12.2Kb/s

Hairpinned

traffic is only

voice and is

less than20%of total traffic


50/52

Rights-of-Way and LCA Homing

25 50

0

Kilometers

x

q

xn

x_

x_

s

s

-]

x

xn

F

y

n

xF

q

L

Proposed C.O. have been aligned with CHTs Local

Calling Areas to facilitate both billing and

community-of-interest issues. However, due to the

mountainous separation of East from West, Ilan has

been homed back to the Taipei Hsien C.O.

Local Calling Area C.O Region

Taipei TP1 Northern

Taoyuan TP2 NorthernMiaoli TP2 NorthernIlan TP2 CentralHualien TP2 Central

Hsinchu TCC CentralTaichung TCC Central

Chunghua TCC CentralChaiyi TCC CentralYunlin TCC CentralNantou TCC Central

Tainan KSM SouthernKaohsiung KSM Southern

Tatung KSM SouthernPingtung KSM Southern

UMTS Network Design


51/52

UMTS Network DesignTaipei

Hsinchu

Taoyua

n

Taichung

Tainan

Kaohsiun

g

Miaoli

Chunghu

a

Chaiy

i

Yunli

n

Ilan

Hualie

n

Tatun

g

Pingtung

Nantou

Passport

RNC

PSTN Gw

WGw

CS

C.O.

C.O.

C.O.

Taipei

C.O.


52/52

umts_traffic_modeling_presentation.ppt

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