un nonprofit handbook project lester m. salamonkey npi satellite account tasks the johns hopkins...

The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

UN NONPROFIT HANDBOOK UN NONPROFIT HANDBOOK PROJECTPROJECT

Lester M. SalamonLester M. Salamon

GovernmentSector

For-profitSector

Civil Society Sector

The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project

THE GLOBAL ASSOCIATIONAL THE GLOBAL ASSOCIATIONAL REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

TREATMENT OF NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONSTREATMENT OF NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONSIN THE SNAIN THE SNA

HHouseholds

GGovernment Units


NPISHSector

S.15

HouseholdsSector

S.14

General Government

Sector

S.13

NonfinancialCorporations

SectorS.11

Sectors of the SNA SystemType of

Institutional Unit Financial Corporations

Sector

S.12

C1Corporations C2

N4N3N2N1Nonprofit Institutions N5

C

N

P


PROJECT COUNTRIESPROJECT COUNTRIES

Venezuela

Colombia

Brazil

Argentina

Mexico

Peru

Slovakia

Czech Republic

Hungary

RomaniaPoland


South Africa

Morocco Egypt

UgandaTanzania

Kenya

South Korea

The Philippines

ThailandIndia

Pakistan

Lebanon

Japan

United States

Australia

Israel

Ireland

TheNetherlands

Austria

Spain

Germany

Finland

BelgiumFrance

Norway

ItalySweden

United Kingdom

A Major Economic ForceA Major Economic Force37 Countries

• $1.6* trillion in operating expenditures• 47.6 million FTE jobs

• 7.7% of non-agricultural employment• 4.5% of economically active population


* In 2002 U.S. dollars

If the Civil Society Sector Were a If the Civil Society Sector Were a CountryCountry……

Country GDP (trillion $)United States $10.4Japan 4.0Germany 2.0

China 1.3

United Kingdom 1.6

France 1.4

Italy 1.2

Civil Society SectorExpenditures (37 Countries)

1.6*

Canada 0.7Spain 0.7Brazil 0.5Russia 0.3


* In 2002 U.S. dollars Source of GDP figures: World Bank

Civil Society Organization Civil Society Organization Employment in ContextEmployment in Context

38 Countries38 Countries

6

Utilities

41

Trans-portation

45

Cons-truction

0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

Mill

ions

of E

mpl

oyee

s

Volunteers Paid staff

27

21

Civil Society Orgs.

48


Employment in Civil Society Employment in Civil Society Organizations vs. Largest FirmsOrganizations vs. Largest Firms

(37 Countries(37 Countries))

* Including volunteers and religious worship organization workforce, where available.


Civil Society Organizations*

48 million

Largest Private Companies

4 million

Civil Society Workforce as % of Economically Civil Society Workforce as % of Economically Active Population, by CountryActive Population, by Country

All countries 2.9 1.6 4.5%


1.82.3

3.22.8

2.93.8

2.4

3.54.4

1.72.7

3.7

6.64.8

6.3

8.38.68.4

9.2

1.61.5

1.01.5

1.91.1

2.8

2.31.9

5.14.4

3.7

1.43.6

3.5

2.12.32.7

5.1

3.4%3.8%

4.2%4.3%

4.8%4.9%

5.3%

5.9%6.3%

7.1%7.2%

7.6%

8.0%8.5%

9.8%

10.4%10.9%11.1%

14.4%

South AfricaItaly

JapanSpain

ArgentinaAustriaFinland

GermanyAustraliaSwedenNorwayFrance

IsraelUnited Kingdom

United StatesIreland

BelgiumCanada

Netherlands

Paid staff

Volunteers

Civil Society Workforce as % of Economically Civil Society Workforce as % of Economically Active Population, by CountryActive Population, by Country


All countries 2.9 1.6 4.5%

0.4%0.8%0.8%0.8%1.0%1.1%1.4%1.5%1.6%

1.9%2.0%2.1%2.1%2.3%2.4%2.4%2.5%

2.8%

MexicoRomania

PolandSlovakiaPakistanHungary

IndiaMorocco

BrazilPhilippines

Czech RepublicTanzania

KenyaUganda

ColombiaSouth Korea

PeruEgypt

Paid staff

Volunteers


NPIsNPIs AS A SHARE OF NATIONAL ECOCOMYAS A SHARE OF NATIONAL ECOCOMY

1.1%

1.7%

2.3%

2.5%

3.3%

6.5%

7.8%

8.2%

1.9%

7.4%

4.5%

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9%

Eastern Europe

Other developing

Latin America

Africa

Asian Industrialized

Nordic

Welfare Partnership

Anglo - Saxon

Developing and Transitional

Developed

38 countries

Percent of cconomically active population


VOLUNTEER CONTRIBUTION TO GDP

38 COUNTRIES

0.2%

0.3%

0.3%

0.5%

1.2%

1.5%

1.5%

3.0%

0.5%

1.7%

1.1%

0% 1% 2% 3% 4%

Eastern Europe

Latin America

Other developing


Africa

Welfare Partnership

Anglo - Saxon

Nordic

Developing and Transitional

Developed

38 countries

Percent of GDP


FIELDS OF VOLUNTEER ACTIVITY,

BY COUNTRY CLUSTER

18%

43%

50%

50%

56%

58%

78%

60%

45%

53%

79%

50%

30%

45%

33%

37%

20%

35%

48%

41%

Nordic

Central / Eastern Europe


Welfare Partnership

Africa

Anglo - Saxon

Latin America

Developing and transitional

Developed

37 countries

SERVICE FIELDS EXPRESSIVE FIELDS


FIELDS OF VOLUNTEER ACTIVITY,

AFRICA vs. 37 COUNTRIES

Expressive fields 32.8%

Expressive fields 41.1%

Development 8.3%Development 17.6%

Service fields* 44.7%

Service fields* 38.5%

Other 5.9%Other 11.1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Africa 37 countries

Paid Workers

56%

Volunteers44%


CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATION PAID VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, VS. VOLUNTEER LABOR, 36 COUNTRIES36 COUNTRIES

n=45.5 million(including religion)

Fees53%Government

34%


Philanthropy12%

SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY SOURCES OF CIVIL SOCIETY REVENUE (34 COUNTRYAVERAGE)REVENUE (34 COUNTRYAVERAGE)

THE PROBLEMTHE PROBLEM

• Institutionalization• Additional Variables

Relationships withOther Sectors

•


RATIONALERATIONALEThe Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

• Increased policy interest

• A significant and growing force

RATIONALERATIONALEThe Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

• A significant and growing force

• Increased policy interest

• Distinctive features

Distinctive Features of Distinctive Features of NPIsNPIsDifferent production functionPublic-goods productionGovernanceRevenue structureStaffingTax treatmentLegal treatment


THE SOLUTIONTHE SOLUTION

• System of NationalAccounts


KEY REFINEMENTS IN HANDBOOK KEY REFINEMENTS IN HANDBOOK MEASUREMENT OF MEASUREMENT OF NPIsNPIs


• Satellite Account

TREATMENT OF NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONSTREATMENT OF NONPROFIT INSTITUTIONSIN THE SATELLITE ACCOUNTIN THE SATELLITE ACCOUNT


Nonprofit Sector

N=ΣNPI

Closing Balance Sheet

Generationof income account

NPISHSectorS.15

HouseholdsSectorS.14

GeneralGov’tSectorS.13

NonfinancialCorpsSectorS.11

Sectors of the SNA SystemVariable

FinancialCorps SectorS.12

Production Account

NPI NPITOTAL NPI TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL NPI TOTAL NPI



• Satellite Account• Refined definition of NPIs

NPI HANDBOOK DEFINITIONNPI HANDBOOK DEFINITIONOF THE NONPROFIT SECTOROF THE NONPROFIT SECTOR

The Nonprofit sector consists of units that are:


a. organizations;b. not-for-profit and non-profit-distributing;c. institutionally separate from government;d. self-governing; e. non-compulsory.



• Satellite Account• Refined definition of NPIs

• Volunteer labor• Non-market output of market NPIs

KEY NPI SATELLITE KEY NPI SATELLITE ACCOUNT TASKSACCOUNT TASKS


• Expand business registers• Add NPI “Flags”

• Expand establishment survey coverage/content

• Tap administrative records

• Conduct volunteering surveys

POTENTIAL DATA ON NPIs FROM SNAPOTENTIAL DATA ON NPIs FROM SNA


StructureFinancesOutput and impact

POTENTIAL DATA ON NPIs FROM SNAPOTENTIAL DATA ON NPIs FROM SNASTRUTURE VARIABLES


Entities

Members

Employees

Volunteers

Volunteer hours

POTENTIAL DATA ON NPIs FROM SNAPOTENTIAL DATA ON NPIs FROM SNAFINANCIAL VARIABLES


ExpensesOperating expensesOther expenses

Revenue

Assets

From sales, fees, investmentsFrom governmentFrom private philanthropy

Liabilities

CIVINETCIVINETCivil Society Information NetworkCivil Society Information Network

Action PlanAction Plan


1. Dissemination/Briefings2. Mobilization3. Training4. Technical Assistance5. Monitoring6. Refinement and Revision7. Advisory Sessions8. Data Assembly, Analysis and

Reporting

PROGRESS TO DATEPROGRESS TO DATEThe Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

• Eurostat Workshop, December 2002• Briefings: EFC; ISTR; statistical offices in Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Morocco,

New Zealand, Portugal, Kenya, UK, France

• European Commission DG XXIII Workshop, April 2004 • Partnership agreement with United Nations Volunteers• Partnership agreements with U.N. Economic Commissions for Latin America,

Africa, Asia

UN HANDBOOK IMPLEMENTATION

• Latin American Regional Workshop, September 2004• African Regional Workshop, March 2005• Latin American implementers workshop, May 2005

• International Advisory Committee Meeting, June 2005

• Asian Regional Workshop, September 2005

U.N. U.N. HandbookHandbook Implementers and Target CountriesImplementers and Target CountriesThe Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies

Africa and Middle EastKenya +**Morocco +**South Africa +**

OtherIsrael +

AsiaKyrgyzstan +**Philippines +**

AsiaAustralia +New Zealand +Japan+

Latin AmericaArgentina +Brazil +**Peru +

North AmericaCanada + United States +

Central EuropeCzech Republic +Slovakia+

EuropeBelgium +France +Italy +

+ committed (19)As of August 26, 2005

Developing and Transitional CountriesDeveloped Countries

EgyptMali **Mozambique **TanzaniaUganda

China Bangladesh India** Thailand Vietnam Pakistan

Hong Kong, ChinaKoreaSingapore

ChileMexico

HungaryPolandRussia

NetherlandsDenmarkGermany

** = UN Volunteers countries (9)

NPI SECTOR SHARE OF NPI SECTOR SHARE OF VALUE ADDED, BY INDUSTRYVALUE ADDED, BY INDUSTRY

(in percent)(in percent)


INDUSTRY Italy Netherlands

Education 13.83 85.75Health & social work 66.20 79.13Other community,social & personal service 18.87 37.19

All other industries 0.52 3.05

Total economy 4.79 12.94

Volunteer Share of Total NPI Volunteer Share of Total NPI Employment, Selected CountriesEmployment, Selected Countries

50%

36%

14%

16%

36%

36%

50%

5%

14%

59%

15%

7%

1%

3%

71%

32%22%

15%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Other

SocialServices

Health

Education

Culture andRecreation

All Fields

Volunteer Share of NPI Employment

BelgiumCanadaAustralia


Gifts of Time as Share of Total Philanthropy, Gifts of Time as Share of Total Philanthropy, Selected CountriesSelected Countries


Australia 73%

Belgium 68%

Canada 67%

80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%

Volunteers as % of All PhilanthropyCountry

Contribution to GDP, Volunteers vs. Contribution to GDP, Volunteers vs. Selected Industries, CanadaSelected Industries, Canada

5

10

15

Bill

ions

of C

anad

ian

$

$14.1 billion

Volunteers

$6.1 billion

Motor Vehicle Mfg.

$12.8 billion

Agriculture


How Can Better Data on Civil How Can Better Data on Civil Society Help?Society Help?


Visibility/Legitimacy

Spot trends/problems

Improve policy-makingIncrease transparency/accountabilityImprove National AccountsChart NPO contribution to MDGs

Reflect unique social and economic features of countries and regions

un nonprofit handbook project lester m. salamonkey npi satellite account tasks the johns hopkins...

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