unaflex - rubber expansion joint catalog

....because we are the GOLD STANDARD in the manufacture of expansion joints and hoses!

Expansion joints are critical system components in a vast array of industries. Their purchase and supply should not be trusted to just anyone.

The UNAFLEX® QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is certifi ed to ISO 9001:2008 which insures quality control of the product is rigorous and routinely monitored. Compliance inspections and audits are conducted throughout the year to guarantee continuity and compliance with all ISO requirements.

Our product line includes Rubber Expansion Joints, Metal Bellows Type Expansion Joints, High Temperature Fabric Expansion Joints and PTFE Expansion Joints, as well as Flexible Braided Metal Hose. All are manufactured in our South Carolina facility and we encourage plant tours.

Our state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities provide all of the specialized equipment and tooling necessary to produce the diversifi ed product line UNAFLEX® offers. We provide FULL TRACEABILITY of our products from raw materials through the fi nished product.

EXPERIENCED FACTORY SUPPORT is available to all customers who desire a more personal and hands-on approach to ensure the proper selection, production, delivery and installation of our product. PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING SERVICE is provided by staff highly experienced in the use of fi nite element analysis software and auto-cad.

UNAFLEX® employs some of the most knowledgeable sales engineers in the industry who are available for prompt, courteous and exceptional professional service. Our customer service is THE best in the industry.

Distributors and Dealers in partnership with UNAFLEX® are located throughout the United States of America and are the most reliable and dedicated suppliers available for our specialized product line. Many of our partners stock our full line of products and are able to provide IMMEDIATE service.

FUTURE SUPPORT of our product is how we attract and keep our customers. UNAFLEX®, a wholly owned family business, has a long and successful track record in the industry. We look forward to many more!

3901 NE 12th Avenue • Pompano Beach, FL 33064 | On the Web at www.unafl ex.com | Email: sales@unafl ex.comCALL TOLL FREE: 1-800-327-1286 • Fax (954) 941-7968

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Why

This catalog is a compilation of standards of construction and a guide for specifying and purchasing non-metallic expansion joints. Contained is a handy reference source of pertinent information and factual data for engineers whose daily concern is designing piping systems and overseeing installations. The

information contained here is widely used in customer inquiries as a reference for design and performance standards.

Careful selection of the expansion joint design and material for a given application, as well as properly engineered installation are important factors in determining performance. These factors should be fully evaluated by each person selecting and applying expansion joints for any application.

*Rubber expansion joints have been specifi ed and used for many years by consulting engineers, mechanical contractors, pressure vessel designers, plant engineers and turn-key construction fi rms. They are installed to accommodate movement in piping runs, protect piping from expansion and contraction and insure effi cient and economical on-stream operations.

Rubber expansion joints provide time-tested ways to accommodate pressure loads, relieve movement stresses, reduce noise, isolate vibration, compensate for misalignment after plants go on stream and prolong the life of motive equipment. Rubber expansion joints, designed by engineers and fabricated by skilled craftsmen, are used in all systems conveying fl uids under pressure and/or vacuum at various temperatures:

• Air conditioning, heating and ventilating systems in commercial and institutional buildings, schools, apartments, stores, hospitals, motels, hotels and aboard ships.

• Central and ancillary power-generating stations in communities, factories, buildings and aboard ships.

• Sewage disposal and water-treatment plants.• Process piping in paper and pulp, chemical, primary metal and petroleum refi ning plants.

*”Rubber” in this catalog refers to all types of elastomers, synthetic as well as natural rubber.

Table of Contents

Advantages of Rubber Expansion Joints & Flexible Connectors ........................................... 5

Why Use Rubber Expansion Joints or Vibration Joints ................................................................. 6

Definition of Performance & Characteristics................................................................................. 7

Applications ............................................................................................................................................................ 8-9

Variations of Construction and Details ............................................................................................10

Types of Rubber Expansion Joint Construction ...........................................................................11-12

Typical Rubber Expansion Joint Applications ....................................................................................13

Style 1081 EPDM and “SUPREME” Spool Type Expansion Joints .................................................14

“SUPREME” Tapered Expansion Joints

and Ordering Information for Styles 150, 200 & 1000 ..............................................................15

“Supreme” Lightweight and U-Type Expansion Joints ................................................................16-17

Spool Type (Single Arch) Expansion Joints

and Technical Data ......................................................................................................................................18-20

Super Flex Styles 1000, 1100, 1200 & Wide Arch Expansion Joint ..........................................21-22

Super Flex Wide Arch Dimensions and Technical Data ..............................................................23

Multi-Purpose PTFE Teflon® Description and Technical Data ...........................................24-25

“UNASPHERE” Style 800 Expansion Joints ...............................................................................................26

“RADI-FLEX” Elbow Expansion Joints ........................................................................................................27

“MIGHTY-SPAN” Rubber Flue Duct Expansion Joints ......................................................................28

Flexible Rubber Pipe Connectors ...............................................................................................................29

Anchoring & Control Units ........................................................................................................................30

“SUPER-QUIET” Rubber Vibration and Sound Absorbers ..............................................................31

Installation and Maintenance ................................................................................................................32-35

Inspection Procedures .....................................................................................................................................36

Glossary of Terms .............................................................................................................................................37-42

5UNAFLEX® Rubber Expansion Joints and Flexible ConnectorsToll Free: 1 (800) 327-1286 Email: sales@unafl ex.comInformation provided in this catalog is intended to help guide your selection. Some terminology and technical data has been gathered as a suppliment from

The Fluid Sealing Association Non-Metallic Expansion Joint Division Technical Handbook 7th Edition.

The Advantages of Rubber Expansion Joints

and Flexible Connectors

The Rubber expansion joint industry has allied itself with designers, architects, contractors and erectors in designing and fabricating joints under rigid standards to meet present-day operating conditions. UNAFLEX® has kept abreast of the technological advances in rubber compounding and synthetic fabrics to provide rubber expansion joints having advantages not available in other materials.

Style 150

• The heavy duty proven “industry work horse”• Time-tested performer• Fabric and steel reinforced• Constructed for maximum strength and reliability• Available in multi-arch, taper, offset and special

constructions• For pressure and vacuum

Style 189

• Lightweight construction• Low spring rate forces• Can be built to handle temperatures up to 350◦F• Less force to move; allows maximum movements• Available in multi-arch, taper, offset and for high

temperature applications

Style 800

• Minimizes water hammer and hydraulic shock• Less force to move; allows maximum

movements• “All-in-one” design eliminates the need for

retaining rings• Also available in two-arch design twin-sphere) for

greater movement capabilities

Style 200 (XL)

• Extra-reinforced carcass• For pressures to 300 PSI• Available in high temperature constructions

suitable for temperatures to 400◦F• Available in multiple arch, taper, offset and

special constructions

Style 1000

• Heavy Duty• Double arch movements with single wide arch• Reduced movement forces• Fabric and steel reinforced• Suitable for pressures up to 200 PSI and

vacuum service• Available in multi-arch, offset and special

constructions

Style 1100

• Heavy Duty• Self-fl ushing• Highly resistant to chemical and abrasion• Available in a wide variety of elastomers• Suitable for vacuum service to 26” mercury

Dura-Perm

• The excellent chemical resistance of Tefl on™ combined with the fl exibility of rubber

• Thermal stability• Anti-stick properties• Available in multiple arch, taper, offset and

special constructions

Style 600

• Designed to absorb thermal movements and sound vibrations

• Liners and insulation can allow temperatures to 500◦F

• Available in multiple arch, taper, offset and special constructions

• Custom drilled or undrilled

Style 1200

• Molded wide-arch design• Greater motion capability from wider arch• Less force to compress• Standard 150 lb. ANSIB 16.1 fl ange drilling• Standard face-to-face dimensions• Vacuum 26” Hg

• Economy of minimal face-to-face dimensions• Lightweight construction requires no special

handling equipment• Insulates against the transfer of noise and vibration• Compensates for misalignment• No electrolysis• Greater recovery from movement

• Ease of installation• Small space requirements• Low movement forces required• Reduced fatigue factor• Reduced heat loss• Corrosion and erosion resistant• No gaskets required

EPDM

6 UNAFLEX® Rubber Expansion Joints and Flexible Connectors Toll Free: 1 (800) 327-1286 Email: sales@unafl ex.comInformation provided in this catalog is intended to help guide your selection. Some terminology and technical data has been gathered as a suppliment from


Why Use Rubber Expansion

or Vibration Joints?

1 To Prevent Stresses Due to Expansion

and Contraction

2 To Insulate Against the Transfer

of Noise and Vibration

3 To Compensate for Misalignment

Three Basic Reasons for Their Use:

Rubber or non-metallic expansion joints are fl exible connectors fabricated of natural or synthetic elastomers, fl uoroplastics and fabrics, and when necessary, metallic reinforcements provide stress relief in piping systems due to thermal and mechanical vibration and/or movements.

UNAFLEX® Rubber Expansion Joints provide relief from stresses caused by thermal expansion and contraction in pipelines. Movement is always experienced in piping systems due to varying ambient temperatures, differences in temperature of materials handled, and differences in composition. Expansion joints absorb this movement and eliminate the danger of buckling or pulling apart with the high replacement costs that would result.

Pumps, compressors and other pulsating equipment generate noise and vibration. The transmission of noise and vibration tends to reduce the effi ciency of adjacent equipment and impairs working conditions in offi ces and plants. Expansion joints serve as reliable insulation against such vibration and noise.

Settlement, load stresses and normal wear of components will frequently cause piping and mechanical equipment to become misaligned. Expansion joints can resolve these problems within their design limits. Special designed expansion joints are available for specifi c conditions and misalignment.

Engineers can solve anticipated problems of vibration, noise, shock, corrosion, abrasion, stresses and space by incorporating rubber expansion joints into designed piping systems.

Functions

Reduce VibrationRubber expansion joints isolate or reduce vibration caused by equipment. Some equipment requires more vibration control than others. Reciprocating pumps and compressors, for example, generate greater unbalanced forces than centrifugal equipment. However, rubber pipe and expansion joints dampen undesirable disturbances including harmonic overtones and vibrations caused by centrifugal pump and fan blade frequency. This is based on actual tests conducted by nationally recognized independent testing laboratory. Rubber expansion joints reduce transmission of vibration and protect equipment from the adverse effects of vibration.

Dampen Sound TransmissionSubsequent to going on stream, normal wear, corrosion, abrasion and erosion eventually bring about imbalance in motive equipment, generating undesirable noises transmitted to occupied areas. Rubber expansion joints tend to dampen transmission of sound because of the steel-rubber interface of joints and mating fl anges. Thick-wall rubber expansion joints, compared with their metallic counterparts, reduce considerably the transmission of sound.

Compensate Lateral, Trosional and Angular MovementsPumps, compressors, fans, piping and related equipment move out of alignment due to wear, load stresses, relaxation and settling of supporting foundations. Rubber expansion joints compensate for lateral, torsional and angular movements, preventing damage and undue downtime of plant operations.

Compensate Axial MovementsExpansion and contraction movements due to thermal changes or hydraulic surge effects are compensated for with strategically located rubber expansion joints. They act as helix springs, compensating for axial movements.



Advantages over Metal

Expansion Joints

• Vibration and sound insulation• Greater recovery from movement• Freedom from embrittlement• Resistance to corrosion• No gaskets between fl anges• No electrolysis

• Axial and lateral defl ection• Small space requirements• Lightweight• Ease of installation• Higher working pressures

Minimal Face-to-Face DimensionsMinimal face-to-face dimensions in rubber expansion joints offer untold economies compared with costly bends or loops. The relative cost of the pipe itself may be less or no more than a rubber expansion joint, however, total costs are higher when considering plant space, installation labor, supports and pressure drops.

LightweightRubber expansion joints are relatively light in weight, requiring no special handling equipment to position, contributing to lower installation labor costs.

Low Movement Forces RequiredThe inherent fl exibility of rubber expansion joints permits almost unlimited fl exing to recover from imposed movements, requiring relatively less force to move, thus preventing damage to motive equipment.

Reduced Fatigue FactorCompared to steel, the inherent characteristics of natural and synthetic elastomers are not subject to fatigue breakdown or embrittlement and prevent any electrolytic action because of the steel-rubber interface of joints and mating fl anges.

Reduced Heat LossRubber expansion joints reduce heat loss, giving long maintenance-free service. The added piping required for loops contribute to higher operating costs after going on stream due to increase in heat losses.

Corrosion, Erosion ResistantA wide variety of natural, synthetic and special purpose elastomers and fabrics are available to the industry. Materials are treated and combined to meet a wide range of practical pressure/temperature operating conditions, corrosive attack, abrasion and erosion. Standard and special sizes of rubber expansion joints are available with PTFE/TFE/FEP liners, fabricated to the confi gurations of the joint body, as added insurance against corrosive attack. Fluoroplastics possesses unusual and unique characteristics of thermal stability, non-sticking surface, extremely low co-effi cient of friction and resistance to practically all corrosive fl uids and forms of chemical attack.

No GasketsElastomeric expansion joints are supplied with fl anges of vulcanized rubber and fabric integrated with the tube, making the use of gaskets unnecessary. The sealing surfaces of the expansion joint equalize uneven surfaces of the pipe fl ange to provide a fl uid and gas-tight seal. A ring gasket may be required for raised face fl anges.

Acoustical ImpedanceElastomeric expansion joints signifi cantly reduce noise transmission in piping systems because the elastomeric composition of the joint acts as a dampener that absorbs the greatest percentage of noise and vibration.

Greater Shock ResistanceThe elastomeric type expansion joints provide good resistance against shock stress from excessive hydraulic surge, water hammer or pump cavitation.

Tube or Cover ElastomerReinforcingFabric Pure Gum Rubber Neoprene Butyl Nitrile Hypalon® EPDM FKM

Nylon 180◦F/82◦C 225◦F/107◦C 250◦F/121◦C 210◦F/99◦C 250◦F/121◦C 250◦F/121◦C 250◦F/121◦C

Polyester 180◦F/82◦C 225◦F/107◦C 250◦F/121◦C 210◦F/99◦C 250◦F/121◦C 250◦F/121◦C 250◦F/121◦C

Aramid 180◦F/82◦C 225◦F/107◦C 250◦F/121◦C 210◦F/99◦C 250◦F/121◦C 300◦F/149◦C 400◦F/204◦C

Maximum Temperature Ratings



Construction Details

FlangesFull-faced and made as an integral part of the joint to insure a tight reliable seal. No gaskets are necessary. Drilled to conform to the bolt pattern of the mating pipe fl ange.

TubeA single piece of leakproof lining extending fl ange-to-fl ange. Can be furnished in natural rubber, neoprene, chorobutyl, Hypalon®, Viton®, nitrile, or other compounds and can also be lined with TEFLON® All rubber is specially formulated to provide maximum sound and heat insulation as well as abrasion resistance.

CarcassStrong, bias-ply construction, high-strength woven polyester reinforcing fabric between the tube and cover. Will not rot or mildew and is thoroughly impregnated with a special friction compound to give maximum adhesion under pressure, vacuum and stress.

Flange

Tube

Carcass

Cover

Steel Retaining

Rings

ArchSteel

Reinforcement

MATERIAL DESIGNATION

RATING SCALE CODE ELASTOMER PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES COMPARISON

AN

SI/A

STM

D14

18-7

7

AST

M-D

-200

0D

1418

-77

Alkali, C

onc. Anim

al Veg. O

il C

hemical

Water

Oxygenated H

ydroLacquersO

il & G

asolineA

lkali, Dilute

Acid D

iluteA

cid, Conc.

Alphatic H

ydroA

romatic H

ydro

Ele. Insulation

Water A

bsorpR

adiationS

welling O

il

Rebound-C

old Com

p. Set

Tinsile Strength

Dielectric S

tr.

Abrasion Im

permeability

Dynam

icR

ebound-Hot

Heat

Cold

Flame

Tear

Ozone W

eatherS

unlightO

xidation

COMMON NAMEChemical Group Name

CR BCBE

NEOPRENEChloroprene 4340 4401 2346 4543 5424 5245 4444 5565

NR AA GUM RUBBERPolyisoprene, Synthetic 53XX X004 0033 0655 6646 6627 5052 4020

IR AA NATURAL RUBBERPolyisoprene, Synthetic 53XX X004 0033 0655 6646 6226 5052 4020

IIR AA BUTYLIsobutene-Isoprene 5654 4034 0046 0455 5430 5264 4045 6556

CIIR AABA

CHLOROBUTYLChloro-Isobutene-

Isoprene5654 4034 0046 0455 5430 5264 4045 6556

NBRBEBKCH

BUNA-N/NITRILENitril-Butadiene 4350 4520 4644 5541 0554 4544 3034 4022

SBR AA SBR/GRS/BUNA-SStyrene-Butadiene 53X2 4004 0033 0655 4544 4425 3053 2020

CSM CEHYPALON®

Chloro-Sulfonyl-Polyethylene

5644 4431 2346 4543 5222 4244 3444 6767

FKM HK FLUOROCARBONElastomer 5660 4610 6665 6553 5562 4555 2627 7777

EPRBACADA

EPDMEthylene-Propylene-

Diene-Terpolymer5656 6036 0046 0766 7546 6545 4056 6767

AFMU PTFE/TFE/FEPFluoro-Ethylene-Polymers 7777 7777 7777 737X XXXX XXX4 XXX7 7777

SI GE SILICONE 5550 2X02 0026 2566 4036 6020 2267 6666

7-Outstanding6-Excellent5-Very Good4-Good

3-Fair to Good2-Fair1-Poor to Fair0-Poor

X-Contact Mfg.

List of Elastomers Used in Expansion Joints and rubber Pipes



Definition of Performance

Expansion Joint Motions

Reduction of face-to-face dimension measured along the axis.

Axial Compression

Increase of face-to-face dimension measured along the axis.

Axial Elongation

The movement of the joint due to vibrations which are effectively intercepted and insulated against transmission to remainder of system.

Vibration Absorption

The displacement of the longitudinal axis of the joint from its initial straight line position (a combination of axial elongation and axial compression).

Angular Movement

The movement of the joint perpendicular to the axis.

Transverse orLateral Movement

Steel ReinforcementsChemically treated, solid-round, endless steel rings or wire embedded in the carcass (with the UNAFLEX® proprietary method to prevent ring migration) giving maximum strength to the joint. Round rings are used so there will be no sharp edges to cut into the carcass while fl exing of the joint occurs, eliminating premature wear.

Steel Retaining RingsMade of fl at-rolled steel, split, beveled and galvanized, painted, fl uoropolymer coated or electroplated. Rings are required for installation of the joint.

CoverThe exterior surface of the joint, compounded of fi re-retardant neoprene to withstand aging, cracking and corrosion. Other compounds may also be used.

ArchArches are built-in as an integral part of the carcass. They function to provide fl exibility to the joint in use.

Hand Wrapped FinishHand wrapping the fi nish (although more time consuming in manufacture) insures individual attention so that maximum pressure for curing has been established.

Sound Limiting CharacteristicsThe ability of a rubber expansion joint to limit or interrupt the transmission of a sound from operating equipment to the piping system.

Resistance to FluidsThe superior corrosion resistance characteristic of natural rubber and synthetic elastomers permits the safe handling of a wide variety of materials within pressure limits and temperature characteristics.

Hydrostatic TestingIf required, joints can be hydrostatic tested up to 1.5 times the Maximum Allowable Working Pressure of the product, for a minimum of 10 minutes without leaks.



Pressure CharacteristicsThe pressure ratings decrease with size and/or temperature increases from 200 PSIG (1379 kPa) to 30 PSIG (207) kPa) operating pressure, dependent upon construction design. If requirements exceed these ratings, special constructions can be designed to meet the required conditions. The number of control rods are specifi ed on the basis of the design pressure of the system, not the rated operating pressure of the expansion joint.

Force Pounds & Spring RatesForce Pounds refers to the force needed to defl ect an expansion joint. It consists of the total load required to defl ect the expansion joint a distance equal to the maximum rated movement of the product. This force fi gure is expressed in pounds for compression, elongation and lateral movements. The force fi gure is expressed in foot-pounds for angular defl ection.

The spring rate is defi ned as the force in pounds required to defl ect an expansion joint one inch in compression and elongation or in a lateral direction. For angular movement, the spring rate is the force needed in foot-pounds to defl ect the expansion joint one degree.

• Filled Arch. The spring rate for a Filled Arch Type Expansion Joint is approximately 4 times that of a Standard Single Arch Type. This rate will vary and is dependent upon the material used in the fi lled arch section of the expansion joint.

• Multi-Arch. The spring rate for a Multi-Arch Type expansion joint is equal to the spring rate for a Single Arch Type product divided by the number of arches.

Seismic TestingAssociated Position. Although seismic testing may apply to rigid components of a piping system, it does not apply to an individual non-metallic expansion joint due to its inherent fl exibility. The problem is further complicated by the absence of any defi nitive specifi cation. The UNAFLEX® is unable to quote on seismic testing unless specifi c information on test procedures and results required becomes available to the industry.

Cycle LifeOne full movement cycle is defi ned as the sum of the total movements incurred when an expansion joint fully compresses from the neutral position then moves to the position of maximum allowed elongation and fi nally returns to neutral. Cycle life depends not only on the amount of movement, but also on the frequency of cycles or cycle rate. Cycle life can also be affected by installation practices, temperature and type of media being handled.

Testing can involve full movement cycling of an expansion joint at the rate of 10 cycles per minute at rated maximum temperatures and pressures to various duration without failure. Much longer cycle life occurs with reduced movement.

Design of Expansion Joint Construction

Nominal Pipe Size I.D. of Exp. Joint Pressure/Vacuum Design High Pressure Design

in. mm.

Positive Negative Positive Negative

PSIG kPa In. of Hg. mm of Hg. PSIG kPa In. of Hg. mm of Hg.

1/4 to 45 to 12

14

6 to 102127 to 305

356

16514085

1138965586

262626

660660660

200190130

13791310896

262626

660660660

16 to 2022 to 2426-40

406 to 508559 to 610

660 to 1,016

656555

448448379

262626

660660660

11010090

758689621

262626

660660660

42 to 6668 to 9698 to 108110 to 155

1,067 to 1,6761,727 to 2,4382,489 to 2,7432,794 to 3,937

55454030

379310276207

26262626

660660660660

80706050

552483414374

26262626

660660660660

Notes:1. Pressure limitations listed are generally accepted by most manufacturers for temperatures up to 180◦ yielding a 3:1 safety factor. For higher

temperatures, consult UNAFLEX for alternate designs and/or materials.2. For higher pressure than indicated, contact UNAFLEX for guidance3. Always advise UNAFLEX if product will be subjected to “full vacuum”4. For terminology on pressure, see pg. 445. Parts listed at 26” (660mm) Hg vacuum have a design rating of 30” (762 mm) Hg (full vacuum).



Types of Rubber Expansion Joint Construction

Arch TypeA full face integral fl ange design is available in both Single Arch and Multiple Arch Types. These basic types can be manufactured to meet the requirements of ASTM F1123-87 (Note: The U.S. Navy previously used MIL-E-15330D, Class A-Type I as its standard specifi cation, but has adopted the ASTM Specifi cation.) These types are available in several construction design series, based on the application pressure requirements.

• Single Narrow Arch Type. Construction is of fabric and rubber, reinforced with metal rings or wire. The full face fl anges are integral with the body of the joint and drilled to conform to the bolt pattern of the companion metal fl anges of the pipeline. This type of rubber face fl ange is of suffi cient thickness to form a tight seal against the metal fl anges without the use of gaskets. The shortest face-to-face dimensions are available with this type of construction.

• Multiple Arch Type. Joints with two or more arches may be manufactured to accommodate movements greater than those of which a Single Arch Type joint is capable. Multiple Arch joints are composites of standard sized arches and are capable of movements of a single arch multiplied by the number of arches. The minimum length of the joint is dependent upon the number of arches. In order to maintain lateral stability and prevent sagging when the joint is installed in a horizontal position, a maximum number of four (4) arches is recommended.

• Lightweight Type. Both the Single Arch and Multiple Arch Types are available in a lightweight series from most manufacturers. Dimensionally the same as the standard product, except for reduced body thickness, this series is designed for lower pressure and vacuum applications.

• PTFE Lined. Spool Arch Type joints are available in many standard pipe sizes with Fluoroplastic liners of TFE and/or FEP. These liners are fabricated as an integral part of the expansion joint during manufacture and cover all wetted surfaces in the tube and fl ange areas. Fluoroplastic provides exceptional resistance to almost all chemicals within the temperature range of the expansion joint body construction. Filled arches are not available.

• Wide Arch Type. Similar to the narrow “Arch” type, is available in a metallic reinforced and a non-metallic reinforced design. Generally, the Wide Arch Type features greater movements than the Standard Spool “Arch” type.

• Non-metallic Reinforced Design. Constructed similar to the Spool “Arch” type except the carcass does not contain wire or metal ring reinforcement. Pressure resistance is accomplished through the use of a special external fl anged retaining ring furnished with the joint.

• Metallic Reinforced Design. A molded

version of the Spool “Arch” type utilizing solid steel rings in a carcass, at the base of the arch. The reduced body thickness requires special retaining rings available from UNAFLEX.

Reducer Type: “Taper”Reducing expansion joints are used to commend piping of unequal diameters. They may be manufactured as a concentric reducer with the axis of each end concentric with each other or as an eccentric reducer having the axis of each end offset from each other. Tapers in excess of 25 degrees are not desirable. Normally, pressures are based on the larger of the two inside dimensions. Available with or without arches.

Custom TypeOffset joints are custom built to specifi cations to compensate for initial misalignment and nonparallelism of the axis of the piping to be connected. Offset joints are sometimes used in close quarters where available space makes it impractical to correct misalignment with conventional piping. Generally, the industry follows the practice of drilling fl anges according to pipe size of fl anges when not specifi ed otherwise. It is recommended that complete drawings and specifi cations accompany inquiries or orders for offset joints.



• Weld-End Type. Expansion joints are offered with weld-end nipples which allow the unit to be directly welded into place on the job or welded to associated equipment before fi nal installation. The design is basically the Sleeve Type expansion joint bonded to matching steel weld-end nipples. Normally, there are steel band clamps around the periphery of the rubber sleeve end to reinforce the rubber-metal bond.

Designs for Reduction of Turbulence and AbrasionThe open-arch design of the Standard Spool Type Expansion Joint may be modifi ed to reduce possible turbulence and to prevent the collection of solid materials that may settle from the solution handled and remain in the archway.

• Filled Arch Type. Arch-type expansion joints may be supplied with a bonded-in-place soft rubber fi ller to provide a smooth interior bore. Filled arch joints also have a seamless tube so the arch fi ller cannot be dislodged during service. Filled arches, built as an integral part of the carcass, decrease the fl exibility of the joint and should be used only when necessary. Movements of expansion joints with fi lled arches are limited to 50% of the normal movements of comparable size expansion joints with unfi lled (open) arches.

• “Top Hat” Liner. This product consists of a sleeve extending through the bore of the expansion joint with a full face fl ange on one end. Constructed of hard rubber, metal or Fluoroplastic, it reduces frictional wear of the expansion joint and provides smooth fl ow, reducing turbulence. This type sleeve should not be used where high viscosity fl uids, such as tars, are being transmitted. These fl uids may cause “packing-up or caking” of the arch area, which reduces movements and in turn may cause premature expansion joint failure. Baffl es are rarely required on rubber expansion joints.

Sleeve TypeA sleeve design is available in both single and multiple arch types. Both types are available in several construction design series, based on the application pressure and fl exibility requirements.

• Sleeved Arch Type. This joint is similar to the “Arch” Type except that the capped sleeve ends have an I.D. dimension equal to the O.D. of the pipe. These joints are designed to slip over the straight ends of the open pipe and be held securely in place with clamps. This type of joint is recommended only for low to medium pressure and vacuum service because of the diffi culty of obtaining adequate clamp sealing.

• Lightweight Type. Dimensionally the same as the sleeve “Spool Type”, except for reduced body thickness. This series is designed for very low pressure and vacuum applications. Joints are available in single and multiple arch types. This type generally offers greater fl exibility than the spool type.

• Enlarged End Type. This joint can be manufactured in the same design as the spool type and lightweight type. The sleeve ends on this design are the same dimension as the O.D. of the pipe, while the rest of the joint is the same dimension as the I.D. of the pipe.

Special Flange TypeThese expansion joint types are available with modifi cations to the fl anges. These modifi cations include enlarged fl anges, different drill patters and weld-end stubs.

• Enlarged Flange Type. Expansion joints utilizing a full face integral fl ange design can be furnished with an enlarged fl ange on one end. (For example, an 8” (203mm) expansion joint can be fabricated with a fl ange to mate to an 8” (203mm) pipe fl ange on one end; and a 12” (305mm) fl ange on the other end to mate to a 12 (304mm) pipe fl ange. Additionally, drilling of different specifi cations may be furnished. For example, an expansion joint can be furnished with one end drilled to AINSI B16.5, Class150, and the other end drilled to MIL-F-20042C. Note: Special control rods will be required when needed.



Typical Rubber Expansion Joint

Applications

Industrial Applications

Piping installations are one of the most important locations for UNAFLEX® Expansion Joints as they compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction in the line, as well as reduce the transmission of noise and vibration.

Heating/Air Conditioning

and Ventilating

UNAFLEX® Expansion Joints are used on the header connections to the condenser and to the cooler, as well as in the water circulating lines on both hot and chilled water lines.

They will relieve stresses caused by changes in temperature as well as eliminate the transmission of noise and vibration.

Marine Applications

UNAFLEX® Expansion Joints eliminate destructive electrolytic action, as well as insulate the transmission of noise and vibration. They are approved by U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard and conform to ABS requirements. Special fi re retardant expansion joints conforming to MIL E-15330D are also available.

Central Power Stations

Due to their compactness and ease with which they accommodate all types of movement, UNAFLEX® Expansion Joints are adaptable to a variety of uses in central power plants. Applications include condenser auxiliary exhaust lines, connections to air ejector, condensate pump, and low-pressure feed suction lines. Special joints available for temperatures up to 350°F and 400°F in fl ue duct applications.

Sewage Treatment Plants

UNAFLEX® Rubber Expansion Joints are used on the aeration lines, grit pump line, raw sewage lines and sludge pumps.



“Supreme” Spool-Type Expansion Joints

UNAFLEX® “SUPREME” Spool-Type Expansion Joints are available in three basic styles: • Style 150 for pressure and vacuum • Style 1000 for pressure, vacuum and greater movement • Style 200 for high-pressure service. Joints that handle up to 500◦F

are available. • Style 200XL for extra high pressure service (consult factory)

These basic types can be manufactured to meet the requirements of ASTM F1123-87 (Note: The U.S. Navy previously used MIL-E-15330D, Class A-Type I as its standard specifi cation, but has adopted the ASTM Specifi cation).

UNAFLEX® Expansion Joints can be made with fi lled arch, multiple arches, TEFLON®; PTFE and (FEP)-lined, sleeve ends, without arch, tapered (eccentric or concentric), with enlarged arch and with special tube compounds for air, gas, oil, petroleum products, acids and chemicals of many types.

L=8 Inch D= 2 Inch H= 1 InchL

Tube 1/8: EPDM + 2 Plies Nylon Cord 1260D2 + Cover 1/16” EPDM

Size I.D. Length (in.)

1-1/2 1.900 82 2.375 8

2-1/2 2.875 83 3.500 8

3-1/2 4.000 84 4.500 85 5.563 86 6.625 88 8.625 810 10.750 812 12.750 8

Pipe Size

Actual I.D. (in.)

Max Pressure (PSIG)

Vacuum (inchHg)

Max Temp.(◦F)

Style 1081

Overall Length

Comp(in.)

Ext.(in.)

Lateral(in.)

1-1/2 1-15/16 90 15 250 8 1-3/4 3/4 3/42 2-3/8 90 15 250 8 1-3/4 3/4 3/4

2-1/2 2-7/8 90 15 250 8 1-3/4 3/4 3/43 3-1/2 90 15 250 8 1-3/4 3/4 3/44 4-1/2 90 15 250 8 1-3/4 3/4 3/45 5-9/16 50 15 250 8 1-3/4 3/4 3/46 6-5/8 50 15 250 8 1-3/4 3/4 3/48 8-5/8 35 15 250 8 1-3/4 3/4 3/410 10-3/4 35 15 250 8 1-3/4 3/4 3/412 12-3/4 35 15 250 8 1-3/4 3/4 3/4

“ SLIM-FLEX” EPDM



Style 150–For pressure/vacuum serviceStyle 189–For high temp and low spring rate, pressure limited to 25 psiStyle 200–For heavy duty high pressure/vacuum serviceStyle 200XL–For very high pressures. Consult factory for construction detailsStyle 1000– Wide arch offers more movement. Hand wrapped build process

offers a large variety of construction variations.Style 1100–Wide arch offers more movement. Molded design keeps cost low.

Engineering Data for Tapered Expansion Joints

The degree of taper should not exceed 25◦. Where a taper is more than 15◦ a fi lled arch is recommended. Where a fi lled arch is utilized, the available movement will be decreased 50% from that of an open arch. Where a proposed taper is greater than 25◦, we recommend a steel reducer be utilized and a spool-type expansion joint be used in the adjacent piping.

The above guides are generally applicable to concentric tapers. Where an eccentric taper exceeds 25◦, consult UNAFLEX® engineering department.

Unaflex® “SUPREME” Tapered Expansion Joints

UNAFLEX® “SUPREME” Tapered Spool-Type Expansion Joints are available in four types; Style 150, 1000, 200 and 200XL. Tapered joints are used to connect fl anges with different diameters, whether parallel or offset, with initial misalignment less than 1/8-inch.

Tapered joints can be made with the following variations: with fi lled arch, sleeve ends, without arch; with special tube materials; with larger arch; with straight section on smaller end of joint to assure clearance of bolts on eccentric type joints and on joints with considerable taper.

Both concentric and eccentric shapes are available in a wide variety of sizes. As with the regular expansion joints, when piping is not anchored, control units must be used to prevent over-elongation of the joints.

For determining operating characteristics, use the largest I.D. dimension of the tapered expansion joint for specifying.

Note: UNAFLEX® Flexible Rubber Pipe can also be supplied in the tapered construction.

Eccentric Concentric

Temperature Limits forContinuous Service

Style Temp Style Temp

150 180◦ 150 HTS 300◦

200 180◦ 200 HTS 300◦

1000 180◦ 1000 HTS 300◦

1100 180◦ 150 V 400◦

150 HT 250◦ 200 V 400◦

200 HT 250◦ 1000 V 400◦

1000 HT 250◦ 189 SG 400◦

1100 HT 250◦

Ordering Information for Styles 150, 200 & 1000

To receive a quotation or when placing an order, please specify the following: • Style (140, 150, etc.) • Quantity • Inner Diameter • Flange Drilling • Materials Conveyed in Line • Pressure and/or Vacuum Ranges • Temperature Range • Movements-Axial Compression,

Extension and Lateral Defl ection

Contact our Engineering Department for Complete Data and Specifi cations

Call Toll Free: (800) 327-1286, Fax: (954) 941-7968 or visit www.unafl ex.com or email: sales @unafl ex.com

Minimum Face-to-Face DimensionsFor Styles 150, 200 & 1000

Joint Size I.D. (in.)

Single Arch Min.

f-f (in.)

Double Arch Min.

f-f (in.)

Triple Arch Min. f-f (in.)

1/2 to 6 6 10/12* 12/16*

8 6 10/12* 14/18*

10 8 12/16* 14/20*

12 8 12/16* 14/20*

14 to 20 8 12/16* 16/20*

22 to 24 10 14/16* 18/22*

26 to 34 10 14/16* 18/22*

36 to 40 10 14/18* 18/22*

42 to 96 12 14/18* 18/22*

*Wide Arch Style 1000

Note: These face-to-face dimensions are only a guide. Consult factory for special requirements.

• hhh

Specify UNAFLEX® “SUPREME” Rubber Expansion Joints as follows:



UNAFLEX® “SUPREME” Style 189 Lightweight Rubber Expansion Joints are available in either round or rectangular (with arch) confi gurations. They are recommended for pressure and limited vacuum applications such as: air, gas and water service where pressures are low and medium-not too severe. They may also be used on equipment where temperatures do not exceed 180◦F.

They feature a lighter wall and fl ange thickness to provide fl exibility. Their duck plies are reinforced with steel rings. Style 189 Joints are also available for temperatures up to 500◦F and can be made with sleeve ends.

Unaflex® Style 189 Dimensions & Specifications

Arch Joint Size I.D. (in.)

Min. Face-to-Face (in.)

Comp.(in.)

Ext.(in.) Lateral (in.)

Single

2 to 8 6 7/16 5/16 5/8

10 to 13 8 11/16 9/16 5/8

14 to 24 8 13/16 11/16 5/8

25 to 30 8 15/16 13/16 5/8

Double

2 to 5 12 7/8 5/8 1-1/4

6 to 13 12 1-3/8 1-1/8 1-1/4

14 to 24 13 1-5/8 1-3/8 1-1/4

25 to 30 13 1-7/8 1-5/8 1-1/4

Triple

2 to 5 16 1-5/16 15/16 2-1/2

6 to 13 16 2-1/16 1-11/16 2-1/2

14 to 24 18 2-7/16 2-1/16 2-1/2

25 to 30 18 2-13/16 2-7/16 2-1/2

Maximum operating pressures for all sizes is 25 PSIG internal pressure and 15 inches of mercury vacuum

Unaflex Style 145, 155, 156, 157 and 185

UNAFLEX® “SUPREME” U-Style Rubber Expansion Joints form a fl exible connection between equipment outlet and inlet fl anges. They are normally constructed of a natural rubber tube, several heavy plies of rubber or neoprene–impregnated fabric and a neoprene cover to protect the carcass. Consult engineering department for maximum operating temperature. They are available in the following confi gurations.

“SUPREME” Lightweight and U-Type Expansion Joints



Rectangular (style 145)

With internal fl ange (no arch) for vacuum and pressure. They allow ample axial and lateral movement capable of withstanding 30-inches of vacuum, or 25psi gauge internal pressure. Retaining fl anges are provided for support.

Round (Style 156 & 185)

Lightweight rubber expansion joints available in Style 156, “U”-Type, no arch, for vacuum only; Style 185, round “U”-Type, no arch, steel reinforced for vacuum and pressure. Style 156 body is of duck and rubber without metal reinforcing. Style 185 is constructed with steel reinforcement. These units can also be supplied with offset features.

Belt “Dogbone” Type

A molded construction of plies of rubber impregnated fabric, covered and spliced endless, to a specifi ed peripheral dimension. Used as a fl exible connection in central power stations on condensers. Designed for compression and lateral movements for full vacuum service and a maximum pressure of 25 PSIG (172 KPa). Must be used with special clamping devices normally supplied by the condenser equipment manufacturers.

Spherical Molded Type

A molded spherical design is manufactured in two types. One type utilizes solid fl oating metallic fl anges. The other type has built-in full face integral fl anges. The design incorporates a long radius arch, providing additional movement capabilities when compared to other types. The arch is self-cleaning, eliminating the need of Filled Arch Type construction. These types are recommended for basically the same applications as the Spool “Arch” type.

Floating Flange Spherical Type. The carcass does not contain metallic reinforcement. Utilizing special weave fabric for reinforcement, the spherical shape offers a high burst pressure. Movements and pressure ratings should be obtained directly from manufacturer. Furnished complete with solid fl oating fl anges, this design is generally available for pipe sizes under 30 inches (762mm) in diameter and in single or double arch designs.

Integral Flange Spherical Type. Basically the same design as the Floating Flange Spherical Type, except full face fl anges are integral with the body of the joint. Pressure-resisting hoop strength is a function of the special weave fabric and its ply placement in the body, as well as the design of the retaining rings. Special retaining rings are sometimes required.

Oval (Style 155 & 157)

With external fl ange. Available in Style 155 for vacuum only and Style 157 for pressure and vacuum. Used in installations where external bolting is desired. Style 155 withstands 30 inches of vacuum with standard fl at steel retaining rings. Style 157 is designed for both 30 inches of vacuum and 25psi gauge internal pressure and are designed with special steel fabricated support rings.

18Information provided in this catalog is intended to help guide your selection. Some terminology and technical data has been gathered as a suppliment from


(Measurement in inches)

Bolt Holes BoltHoleDia.

Ret.RingI.D.

FlangeThk.

NOTE: All joints suitable for vacuum service and can be

manuf. for full vac.

AxialExtension

TraverseDefl ection

EstimatedWeights

Maximum Working Pressure

Axial Compression

Joint Size N.D.

Face-to-

Face

FlangeO.D.

Bolt Circle Dia.

No. of Bolts

Style 150

Style 200

Allow. Mvt. 150/200

Allow. Mvt. 150/200

Allow. Mvt.150/200

Exp.Joint

Ret.Rings

ControlUnits

1/2 6 3-1/2 2-3/8 4 5/8 1-1/4 1/2 165 200 1/2 1/4 1/2 1 1.5 6

3/4 6 3-7/8 2-3/4 4 5/8 1-5/8 1/2 165 200 1/2 1/4 1/2 1.5 2 6

1 6 4-1/4 3-1/8 4 5/8 1-7/8 9/16 165 200 1/2 1/4 1/2 2 2.25 6

1-1/4 6 4-5/8 3-1/2 4 5/8 2-1/8 9/16 165 200 1/2 1/4 1/2 2.5 2.5 6

1-1/2 6 5 3-7/8 4 5/8 2-3/8 9/16 165 200 1/2 1/4 1/2 3 3 6

2 6 6 4-3/4 4 3/4 3-1/8 9/16 165 200 1/2 1/4 1/2 4 4 7

2-1/2 6 7 5-1/2 4 3/4 4-1/8 9/16 165 200 1/2 1/4 1/2 4.5 5.5 7

3 6 7-1/2 6 4 3/4 4-5/8 9/16 165 200 1/2 1/4 1/2 5.5 6 7

4 6 9 7-1/2 8 3/4 5-7/8 9/16 165 200 1/2 1/4 1/2 8 7.5 8

5 6 10 8-1/2 8 7/8 6-7/8 9/16 140 200 1/2 1/4 1/2 9 8 8

6 6 11 9-1/2 8 7/8 7-7/8 5/8 140 200 1/2 1/4 1/2 11 9 9

8 6 13-1/2 11-3/4 8 7/8 9-7/8 3/4 100 190 3/4 1/4 1/2 15 12 12

10 8 16 14-1/4 12 1 12-1/8 3/4 100 190 3/4 1/4 1/2 23 16 16

12 8 19 17 12 1 14-1/2 3/4 100 190 3/4 3/8 1/2 34 22 16

14 8 21 18-3/4 12 1-1/8 16-1/2 7/8 85 130 3/4 3/8 1/2 40 25 20

16 8 23-1/2 21-1/4 16 1-1/8 18-1/2 7/8 65 110 3/4 3/8 1/2 47 27 20

18 8 25 22-3/4 16 1-1/4 20-1/2 7/8 65 110 3/4 3/8 1/2 56 29 21

20 8 27-1/2 25 20 1-1/4 22-5/8 1 65 110 7/8 3/8 1/2 67 35 21

22 10 29-1/2 27-1/4 20 1-3/8 24-5/8 1 60 100 7/8 7/16 1/2 70 44 32

24 10 32 29-1/2 20 1-3/8 26-5/8 1 60 100 7/8 7/16 1/2 79 46 32

26 10 34-1/4 31-3/4 24 1-3/8 28-7/8 1 55 90 1 1/2 1/2 100 50 32

28 10 36-1/2 34 28 1-3/8 30-7/8 1 55 90 1 1/2 1/2 102 55 32

30 10 38-3/4 36 28 1-3/8 32-7/8 1 55 90 1 1/2 1/2 117 58 32

34 10 43-3/4 40-1/2 32 1-5/8 37 1 55 90 1 1/2 1/2 122 91 43

36 10 46 42-3/4 32 1-5/8 39 1 55 90 1 1/2 1/2 143 99 43

40 10 50-3/4 47-1/4 36 1-5/8 43 1 55 90 1 1/2 1/2 173 108 43

42 12 53 49-1/2 36 1-5/8 45-1/4 1-3/16 55 80 1-1/8 1/2 1/2 193 110 44

44 12 55-1/4 51-3/4 40 1-5/8 47-1/4 1-3/16 55 80 1-1/8 1/2 1/2 198 136 44

48 12 59-1/2 56 44 1-5/8 51-1/4 1-3/16 55 80 1-1/8 1/2 1/2 211 154 87

50 12 61-3/4 58-1/4 44 1-7/8 53-1/4 1-3/16 55 80 1-1/8 1/2 1/2 240 163 87

54 12 66-1/4 62-3/4 44 1-7/8 57-1/4 1-3/16 55 80 1-1/8 1/2 1/2 265 185 87

56 12 68-3/4 65 48 1-7/8 59-1/4 1-3/16 55 80 1-1/8 1/2 1/2 288 203 87

60 12 73 69-1/4 52 1-7/8 63-1/4 1-3/16 55 80 1-1/8 1/2 1/2 309 215 87

62 12 75-3/4 71-3/4 52 2 65-1/4 1-3/16 55 80 1-1/8 1/2 1/2 325 230 87

66 12 80 76 52 1-7/8 69-1/4 1-3/16 55 80 1-1/8 1/2 1/2 350 255 87

72 12 86-1/2 82-1/2 60 1-7/8 75-1/4 1-3/16 45 70 1-1/8 1/2 1/2 385 300 87

78 12 93 89 64 2-1/8 81-1/4 1-3/16 45 70 1-1/8 1/2 1/2 410 325 103

84 12 99-3/4 95-1/2 64 2-1/8 87-1/2 1-3/16 45 70 1-1/8 9/16 1/2 435 350 113

96 12 113-1/4 108-1/2 68 2-3/8 99-3/8 1-3/16 45 70 1-1/8 9/16 1/2 460 375 125

102 12 120 114-1/2 72 2-5/8 105-1/2 1-3/16 45 70 1-1/16 9/16 1/2 485 400 137

108 12 126-3/4 120-3/4 72 2-5/8 111-1/2 1-3/16 45 70 1-1/16 9/16 1/2 510 425 139

120 12 140-1/4 132-3/4 76 2-7/8 123-1/2 1-3/16 45 70 1-1/16 9/16 1/2 535 560 151

132 12 153-3/4 145-3/4 80 3-1/8 135-1/2 1-3/16 45 70 1-1/16 9/16 1/2 560 585 163

144 12 167-1/4 158-1/4 84 3-3/8 147-1/2 1-3/16 45 70 1-1/16 9/16 1/2 585 610 176

Dimensions for Spool-Type (single Arch) Expansion Joints

Technical statements and engineering data in this catalog is the most accurate information available at the time of printing and are subject to change without notice. As UNAFLEX® does not supervise or control the use of our products, UNAFLEX® cannot be responsible for improper use or misapplication of catalog data.

Note: • All charts are applicable to DURA-PERM TEFLON® Expansion Joints with respect to Temperature and Pressure data.• For a lled arch, reduce available movements by 50%. • For multiple arch expansion joints, take the movement shown above and multiply by the number of arches.

Contact our Engineering Department for complete data and specifi cations 1(800) 327-1286

19Information provided in this catalog is intended to help guide your selection. Some terminology and technical data has been gathered as a suppliment from


Table 1: Optional Flange Drillings (other fl ange drillings available, consult factory)American 250/300#

Conforms to ANSI B16.1 and B16.5British Standard 10:1962

Conforms to B.S-10 Table EMetric Series 1

Conforms to I.S.O. 2084-1974 Table NP-10

J.I.S. Standard B-2212Conforms to J.I.S. 10KG/CM

I.D.in-mm

Flange Width

FlangeO.D.

BoltCircle

No. ofHoles

HoleDia.

Flange Width

FlangeO.D.

BoltCircle

No. ofHoles

HoleDia.

Flange Width

FlangeO.D.

BoltCircle

No. ofHoles

HoleDia.

Flange Width

FlangeO.D.

BoltCircle

No. ofHoles

HoleDia.

125

.5915.0

4.88124.0

3.589.0

44

.7519.0

.5915.0

4.5114.3

3.2582.6

44

.7519.0

.5915.0

4.53115.0

3.3585.0

44

.5514.0

.5915.0

4.92125.0

3.5490.0

44

.7519.0

1-1/432

.5915.0

5.25133.0

3.8898.0

44

.7519.0

.5915.0

4.75120.7

3.4487.3

44

.7519.0

.5915.0

5.51140.0

3.94100.0

44

.7118.0

.5915.0

5.31135.0

3.94100.0

44

.7519.0

1-1/240

.5915.0

6.12156.0

4.5114.0

44

.8822.2

.5915.0

5.25133.4

3.8898.4

44

.8822.2

.5915.0

5.91150.0

4.33110.0

44

.7118.0

.5915.0

5.51140.0

4.13105.0

44

.7519.0

250

.7118.0

6.5165.0

5.0127.0

88

.7519.0

.6316.0

6.0152.4

4.5114.3

88

.7519.0

.7118.0

6.5165.0

4.92125.0

44

.7118.0

.6316.0

6.1155.0

4.72120.0

44

.7519.0

2-1/265

.7118.0

7.5191.0

5.88149.0

88

.8822.2

.7118.0

6.5165.1

5.0127.0

88

.8822.2

.7118.0

7.28185.0

5.71145.0

44

.7118.0

.7118.0

6.89175.0

5.51140.0

44

.7519.0

380

.7920.0

8.25210.0

6.62168.0

88

.8822.2

.7118.0

7.25184.2

5.75146.1

88

.8822.2

.7920.0

7.87200.0

6.3160.0

88

.7118.0

.7118.0

7.28185.0

5.91150.0

88

.7519.0

3-1/290

.7920.0

9.0229.0

7.25184.0

88

.8822.2

.7118.0

8.0203.2

6.5165.1

88

.8822.2

.7920.0

--

--

--

--

.7118.0

7.68195.0

6.3160.0

88

.7519.0

4100

.7920.0

10.0254.0

7.88200.0

88

.8822.2

.7118.0

8.5215.9

7.0177.8

88

.8822.2

.7920.0

8.66220.0

7.09180.0

88

.7118.0

.7118.0

8.27210.0

6.89175.0

88

.7519.0

5125

.8722.0

11.0279.0

9.25235.0

88

.8822.2

.7920.0

10.0254.0

8.25209.6

88

.8822.2

.8722.0

9.84250.0

8.27210.0

88

.7118.0

.7920.0

9.84250.0

8.27210.0

88

.9123.0

6150

.8722.0

12.5318.0

10.62270.0

1212

.8822.2

.8722.0

11.0279.4

9.25235.0

1212

.8822.2

.8722.0

11.22285.0

9.45240.0

88

.8722.0

.8722.0

11.02280.0

9.45240.0

88

.9123.0

8200

.9424.0

15.0381.0

13.0330.0

1212

1.025.4

.8722.0

13.25336.6

11.5292.1

1212

1.025.4

.9424.0

13.39340.0

11.61295.0

88

.8722.0

.8722.0

12.99330.0

11.42290.0

1212

.9123.0

10250

1.0226.0

17.5445.0

15.25387.0

1616

1.1228.6

.9424.0

16.0406.4

14.0355.6

1616

1.1228.6

1.0226.0

15.55395.0

13.79350.0

1212

.8722.0

.9424.0

15.75400.0

13.98355.0

1212

.9825.0

12300

1.0226.0

20.5521.0

17.75451.0

1616

1.2531.8

.9424.0

18.0457.2

16.0406.4

1616

1.2531.8

1.0226.0

17.52445.0

15.75400.0

1212

.8722.0

.9424.0

17.52445.0

15.75400.0

1616

.9825.0

14350

1.1028.0

23.0584.0

20.25514.0

2020

1.2531.8

1.0226.0

20.75527.1

18.5469.9

2020

1.2531.8

1.1028.0

19.88505.0

18.11460.0

1616

.8722.0

1.0226.0

19.29490.0

17.52445.0

1616

.9825.0

16400

1.2632.0

25.5648.0

22.5572.0

2020

1.3834.9

1.128.0

22.75577.9

20.5520.7

2020

1.3834.9

1.2632.0

22.24656.0

20.28515.0

1616

1.0226.0

1.128.0

22.05560.0

20.08510.0

1616

1.0627.0

18450

1.4236.0

28.0711.0

24.75629.0

2424

1.3834.9

1.1830.0

25.25641.4

23.0584.2

2424

1.3834.9

1.4236.0

24.21615.0

22.24565.0

2020

1.0226.0

1.1830.0

24.41620.0

22.24565.0

2020

1.0627.0

20500

1.5038.0

30.5775.0

27.0686.0

2424

1.3834.9

1.1830.0

27.75704.9

25.25641.4

2424

1.3834.9

1.5038.0

26.38670.0

24.41620.0

2020

1.0226.0

1.1830.0

26.57675.0

24.41620.0

2020

1.0627.0

22550

1.5038.0

33.0838.0

29.25743.0

2424

1.3834.9

1.1830.0

30.0762.0

27.5698.5

2424

1.3834.9

1.5038.0

28.74730.0

26.57675.0

2020

1.1830.0

1.1830.0

29.33745.0

26.77680.0

2020

1.333.0

24600

1.5038.0

36.0914.0

32.0813.0

2424

1.6241.3

1.1830.0

32.5825.5

29.75755.7

2424

1.6241.3

1.5038.0

30.71780.0

28.54725.0

2020

1.1830.0

1.1830.0

31.3795.0

28.74730.0

2424

1.333.0

26650

1.5038.0

38.25972.0

34.5876.0

2828

1.7544.5

1.1830.0

--

--

2828

1.7544.5

1.5038.0

32.87835.0

30.71780.0

2424

1.1830.0

--

--

--

--

--

28700

1.5038.0

40.751035.0

37.0940.0

2828

1.7544.5

1.1830.0

--

--

2828

1.7544.5

1.5038.0

35.24895.0

33.07840.0

2424

1.1830.0

--

--

--

--

--

30750

1.5038.0

43.01092.0

39.25997.0

2828

2.050.8

1.1830.0

39.25997.0

36.5927.1

2828

2.050.8

1.5038.0

37.99965.0

35.43900.0

2424

1.333.0

--

--

--

--

--

Table 2: Standard/Special Drilling • Expansion Joint Dimensions • Control Units125/150# Flange Dimensions

Joints/Rings/Rods250/300# Flange Dimensions

Joints/Rings/RodsWeights ofRetaining

Rings

125/150# Flange DimensionsJoints/Rings/Rods

250/300# Flange DimensionsJoints/Rings/Rods

Weights ofRetaining

Rings

JointI.D.

FlangeO.D.

BoltCircle

No. of Holes

HoleSize

FlangeO.D.

BoltCircle

No. of Holes

HoleDia.

150# Rings Wt./#

300#RingsWt./#

Joint I.D.

FlangeO.D.

BoltCircle

No. of Holes

HoleDia.

FlangeO.D.

BoltCircle

No. of Holes

HoleDia.

150# Rings Wt./#

300#RingsWt./#

11-1/4

4.254.625

3.1253.5

44

.625

.6254.8755.25

3.53.875

44

.750

.7501.92.4

2.93.0

1012

16.019.0

14.2517.0

1212

1.01.0

17.520.5

15.2517.75

1616

1.1251.25

17.024.1

23.031.3

1-1/22

5.06.0

3.8754.75

44

.625

.756.1256.5

4.55.0

48

.875

.752.63.6

4.44.3

1416

21.023.5

18.7521.25

1216

1.1251.125

23.025.5

20.2522.5

2020

1.251.375

26.832.1

37.045.0

2-1/23

7.07.5

5.56.0

44

.75

.757.58.25

5.8756.625

88

.875

.8755.35.6

5.56.0

1820

25.027.5

22.7525.0

1620

1.251.25

28.030.5

24.7527.0

2424

1.3751.375

33.635.9

58.067.0

3-1/24

8.59.0

7.07.5

88

.75

.759.010.0

7.257.875

88

.875

.8756.57.3

7.010.0

2224

29.532.0

27.2529.5

2020

1.3751.375

33.036.0

29.2532.0

2424

1.6251.625

38.547.3

80.091.0

56

10.011.0

8.59.5

88

.875

.87511.012.5

9.2510.625

812

.875

.8757.99.1

11.614.5

3036

38.7546.0

36.042.75

2832

1.3751.625

43.050.0

39.2546.0

2832

2.02.25

66.085.3

120.0140.0

8 13 11.75 88

.875 15.0 13.0 12 1.0 14.0 19.6



Table 3: Navy Drilling Specifi cations

MIL-F-20042C-50LBMIL-F-20042C-150LBBu Ships Drawing B-176

Joint Size (inches) O.D. B.C. No. of Holes Hole Dia.1/43/81/2

3-1/43-3/83-9/16

2-1/82-1/42-7/16

333

9/169/169/16

3/41

1-1/4

3-13/164-1/44-1/2

2-11/163-1/83-3/8

444

9/169/169/16

1-1/22

2-1/2

5-1/165-9/166-1/8

3-15/164-7/16

5

666

9/169/169/16

33-1/2

4

6-5/87-3/167-11/16

5-1/26-1/166-9/16

888

9/169/169/16

4-1/25

5-1/2

8-3/169-1/169-9/16

7-1/167-13/168-5/16

101010

9/1611/1611/16

66-1/2

7

10-1/810-5/811-5/16

8-7/89-3/8

10

121212

11/1611/1611/16

7-1/28

8-1/2

11-7/812-3/8

12-15/16

10-9/1611-1/1611-5/8

121414

11/1611/1611/16

99-1/2

10

13-15/1614-1/2

15

12-3/812-15/1613-7/16

141415

13/1613/1613/16

11121415

16-9/1617-5/819-1/825-1/8

1516-1/1617-3/818-3/8

16181920

13/1613/1615/1615/16

161820

21-3/1623-1/4

25-13/16

19-7/1621-1/2

23-13/16

202224

15/1615/161-1/16

222425

27-7/830

31-1/2

25-7/828

29-1/4

262829

1-1/161-1/161-3/16

262830

32-9/1634-11/1636-13/16

30-5/1632-7/1634-9/16

303235

1-3/161-3/161-3/16

323334

394041

36-3/437-3/438-3/4

363636

1-3/161-3/161-3/16

35363840

42-7/843-7/846-1/848-1/8

40-3/841-3/843-5/845-5/8

36363636

1-5/161-5/161-5/161-5/16

4246

50-1/454-1/2

47-3/452

3840

1-5/161-5/16



Super-Flex Style 1000

The Super-Flex 1000 provides double arch movements utilizing a single low profi le wide arch. Manufactured utilizing tire industry technology the style 1000 has been designed to provide greater strength and pressure capabilities. The construction combines woven polyester fabric and reinforced with wire to create a product with superior performance characteristics.

The wide self-fl ushing arch provides more movement than a traditional spool type joint. When built with a fi lled arch for smooth bore service, (such as slurry applications) the movements are one half of the single open arch spool type joints. The double reinforced construction gives longer life expectancy and is also available in a full range of elastomers to enable multi-purpose applications.

The primary difference between the Style 1000 and Style 1100 is in the manufacturing process.

The 1000 is hand-wrapped to allow for design variations including offsets, non-standard face to face dimensions, multi-arch confi gurations and special fl anges or drillings while still offering wide arch movement.

Super-Flex Styles 1000, 1100 and 1200

Wide-Arch Expansion Joint

Super-Flex Style 1100

UNAFLEX’s® 1100 series has been designed to compete with the imports in terms of cost, and out perform the imports with a product that’s made in America. The movements and benefi ts match the Style 1000 (above), if you don’t need the customization options of the Style 1000.....the Style 1100 is a value packed expansion joint.

The cover has been formulated with an ozone and temperature resistant compound which prevents the Style 1100 from cracking unlike the imports. This new manufacturing technology has provided a product that has excellent performance at competitive price.

Due to the molded construction all face to face dimensions are standard. Engineered to withstand full vacuum and high pressure, (see next page). The Style 1100 is an excellent performer with a super price. Specify Super-Flex!

This drawing shows the 1100 Style construction. A wide self fl ushing arch allows greater movement and fl exibility. Available in sizes from 2” to 36”. See next page for dimensions and movement details. Optional liners and covers are available.

The Style 1000 is Available in These Elastomers and Constructions:

ClorobutylEPDMGum

Hypalon®

NeopreneNitrileSBR

SiliconeViton®

Flourel®

Multi-ArchOffset

Special EndsAlternative Drilling

Optional Liners and covers are available



Wide-Arch Expansion Joint

Super-Flex 1200

• Molded wide arch design

• Greater motion capability from wider arch

• Less force to compress

• Standard 150 lb. ANSIB 16.1 fl ange drilling

• Standard face-to-face dimensions

• Vacuum 26”hg

Complete with built-on150 lb. retaining rings

Applications:

• Control pipe movements and stress• Reduce system noise• Isolate mechanical vibration• Compensate alignment/offset• Eliminate electrolysis

• Protect against start-up surge force• Absorption machine• Chiller• Cooling towers• Compressors

• Blowers• Fan

Size, Movement, Pressure, Weight and Drilling Chart

Size N.D. Length (in.) Bolt Circle

Drilling Number of

Holes

Size of Holes

Pressure PSIG.

Movement Capacity Expansion Joint

Weight (lbs.)

Axial Defl ection

Comp. Elong. Lateral Angular

2x6 4.75 4 .75 250 1-3/4 3/4 3/4 35 9

2.5x6 5.5 4 .75 250 1-3/4 3/4 3/4 30 10

3x6 6.0 4 .75 250 1-3/4 3/4 3/4 30 12

4x6 7.5 8 .75 250 1-3/4 3/4 3/4 25 16

5x6 8.5 8 .875 250 1-3/4 3/4 3/4 25 20

6x6 9.5 8 .875 250 1-3/4 3/4 1 20 21

8x6 11.75 8 .875 250 1-3/4 3/4 1 20 30

10x8 14.25 12 1.0 250 1-3/4 3/4 1 15 45

12x8 17.00 12 1.0 250 1-3/4 3/4 1 15 65

Available Styles, Materials and Temperatures

Style NumberType of elastomer Maximum Operating

Temperature ◦F F.S.A. Material ClassCover/Outside Tube/Inside

1200CC Butyl Butyl 250◦F Special II

1200EE EPDM EPDM 250◦F Special II

1200NN Neoprene Neoprene 230◦F Std.II

1200BN Neoprene Nitrile 230◦F Std.II



We do not use marginal constructions which reduce safety factors and cause pressure reductions with slight operating pressure increases. All Supreme Expansion Joints have a minimum 4 to 1 safety factor at rated operating temperatures and pressures. Note: Maximum diameter for Style 1100 is 36”

Super-flex Style 1000 and 1100 Expansion Joints

Dimensions for Wide Arch

1/23/41

666

3-1/23-7/84-1/4

2-3/82-3/43-1/8

444

9/169/165/8

1-1/41-5/81-7/8

1/21/2

9/16

7/87/87/8

111

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

3/83/83/8

225225225

225225225

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

3/43/43/4

3/43/43/4

11.52

1.52

2.25

666

1-1/41-1/2

2

666

4-5/856

3-1/23-7/84-3/4

444

5/85/83/4

2-1/82-3/83-1/8

9/169/169/16

7/87/8

29/32

1-1/81-1/81-1/4

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

7/167/161/2

225225225

225225225

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

3/43/43/4

3/43/43/4

2.534

2.534

667

2-1/234

666

77-1/2

9

5-1/26

7-1/2

448

3/43/43/4

4-1/84-5/85-7/8

9/169/169/16

29/3229/32

7/8

1-1/41-1/41-1/4

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

1/21/21/2

225225225

225225225

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

3/43/43/4

3/43/43/4

4.55.58

5.56

7.5

778

568

666

1011

13-1/2

8-1/29-1/211-3/4

888

7/87/87/8

6-7/87-7/89-7/8

9/165/83/4

7/811

1-1/41-1/41-1/2

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

1/21/25/8

225225225

225225225

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

3/43/43/4

3/411

91115

89

12

89

12

101214

888

161921

14-1/417

18-3/4

121212

11

1-1/8

12-1/814-1/216-1/2

3/43/47/8

1-5/321-5/321-5/32

1-1/21-1/2

2

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

11/1611/163/4

225225225

225225225

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

3/43/43/4

111

233440

162225

161620

161820

888

23-1/225

27-1/2

21-1/422-3/4

25

161620

1-1/81-1/41-1/4

18-1/220-1/222-5/8

7/87/81

1-5/321-5/321-5/32

222

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

3/43/4

25/32

160160130

160160130

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

3/43/43/4

111

475667

272935

202121

22*2426*

101010

29-1/232

34-1/4

27-1/429-1/231-3/4

202024

1-3/81-3/81-3/8

24-5/826-5/828-7/8

111

1-5/321-5/321-3/16

22

2-1/4

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

25/3225/3213/16

130130110

-130

-

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

3/411

111

7079

100

444650

323232

28*3034*

101010

36-1/238-3/443-3/4

3436

40-1/2

282832

1-3/81-3/81-5/8

30-7/832-7/8

37

111

1-3/161-3/161-3/16

2-1/42-1/42-1/4

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

13/1613/1613/16

1109595

-100

-

1-3/41-3/41-3/4

111

111

102117122

555891

323243

3640*42

101012

4650-3/4

53

42-3/447-1/449-1/2

323636

1-5/81-5/81-5/8

3943

45-1/4

11

1-3/16

1-3/161-3/161-1/4

2-1/42-1/42-1/2

2-1/42-1/42-1/4

13/1613/1629/32

909090

100--

2-1/42-1/42-1/4

111

111

143173193

99108110

434344

44*4850*

121212

55-1/459-1/261-3/4

51-3/456

58-1/4

404444

1-3/41-5/81-7/8

47-1/451-1/453-1/4

1-3/161-3/161-3/16

1-1/41-1/41-3/8

2-1/22-1/22-1/2

2-1/42-1/42-1/4

29/3229/3229/32

909085

---

2-1/42-1/42-1/4

111

111

198211240

136154163

448787

5456*60

121212

66-1/468-3/4

73

62-3/465

69-1/4

444852

222

57-1/459-1/463-1/4

1-3/161-3/161-3/16

1-3/81-3/81-3/8

2-1/22-1/22-1/2

2-1/42-1/42-1/4

29/3229/3229/32

858585

---

2-1/42-1/42-1/4

1-1/41-1/41-1/4

111

265288309

185203215

878787

62*66*72

121212

75-3/480

86-1/2

71-3/476

82-1/2

525260

222

65-1/469-1/475-1/4

1-3/161-3/161-3/16

1-3/81-3/81-3/8

2-1/22-1/22-1/2

2-1/42-1/42-1/4

29/3229/3229/32

858585

---

2-1/42-1/42-1/4

1-1/41-1/41-1/4

111

325350385

230255300

878787

788496

121212

9399-3/4113-3/4

8995-1/2108-1/2

646468

2-1/82-1/42-1/2

81-1/487-1/299-3/8

1-3/161-3/161-3/16

1-3/81-3/81-3/8

2-1/22-1/22-1/2

2-1/42-1/42-1/4

29/3229/3229/32

858585

---

2-1/42-1/42-1/4

1-1/41-1/41-1/4

111

410435460

325350375

103113125

102108120132144

1212121212

120126-3/4140-1/4153-3/4167-1/4

114-1/2120-3/4132-3/4145-3/4158-1/4

7272768084

2-5/82-5/82-7/83-1/83-3/8

105-1/2111-1/2123-1/2135-1/2147-1/2

1-3/161-3/161-3/161-3/161-3/16

1-3/81-3/81-3/81-3/81-3/8

2-1/22-1/22-1/22-1/22-1/2

2-1/42-1/42-1/42-1/42-1/4

29/3229/3229/3229/3229/32

8585858585

-----

2-1/42-1/42-1/42-1/42-1/4

1-1/41-1/41-1/41-1/41-1/4

11111

485510535560585

400425560585610

137139151163176

Join

t Siz

e N

.D.

Face

-to-F

ace

Flan

ge O

.D.

Bol

t Circ

le D

ia.

No.

of B

olts

Bol

t Hol

e D

ia.

Rin

g I.D

.

A B C D E

Styl

e 10

00 M

ax. P

.S.I

Axi

al C

ompr

essi

on

Axi

al E

xten

sion

Trav

. Defl

ect

ion

Join

t Wei

ght/L

bs.

Ret

aini

ng R

ings

/Lbs

.

Con

trol

Uni

ts L

bs.

Movements Weights

Styl

e 11

00 M

ax. P

.S.IA- Flange Thickness

B- Body ThicknessC- Internal Arch HeightD- Arch WidthE- Arch Thickness



“Multi-Purpose” PTFE (TEFLON®) Expansion Joints

Expansion joints manufactured of Fluoroplastic is another type of expansion joint available. This type of expansion joint has been used with highly corrosive medias, with glass or plastic piping or in heating, ventilating and air conditioning applications where space is a premium.

UNALON® Styles 112A, 113A and 115A Solid TEFLON® Molded Expansion Joints were developed to withstand higher pressures and temperatures. Their design allows a shorter face-to-face dimension, making them ideal for use where space is limited. They are lightweight and corrosion resistant. Available in sizes 1” to 12” Nominal Diameter and for temperature ratings from -300◦F to +400◦F.

Comprehensive technical data charts can be accessed by visiting www.ptfe-expansion-joints.com.

112A

112E

113A

113E

115A

115E


A fl exible Fluoroplastic pipe connector is a 2 or more convolution expansion joint consisting of a member of FEP, PTFE or PFA, reinforced with metal rings and attached with ductile iron fl anges, designed to absorb movement and vibration in a piping system.

Performance Characteristics

Chemical ResistanceMolded or machined Fluoroplastic connectors are used in corrosive applications due to the inherent resistance of Fluoroplastic to a vast range of chemicals

Vibration AbsorptionFluoroplastic connectors are sometimes used in HVAC applications to absorb vibration and attenuate noise.

Temperature LimitsFluoroplastic connectors can withstand temperatures as high as 450◦F and as low as -300◦F. NOTE: Temperatures of the system signifi cantly affect the pressure rating of the connectors.

Pressure LimitsPressures vary widely depending upon system temperature.

Additional Construction Details

BodyThe body of the Fluoroplastic connectors are manufactured of 100% FEP, PTFE or PFA Fluoroplastic, which may be colored or opaque.

Reinforcing RingsMetal reinforcing rings of stainless steel, Monel® or other metals may be used to add strength between the convolutions.

FlangesThe fl anges are normally manufactured of ductile iron, coated or plated with a rust inhibiting paint. Flanges of other materials are available upon request.

Control RodsAll connectors are supplied with factory set control rods. The control rods are set to prevent over-extension during operation.

LinersInternal sleeves are available for abrasive or high velocity fl ow rate applications.

Types of Connectors

CouplingA two convolution connector designed for minimum movements

Expansion JointA three convolution connector designed for easy movement and ease of system installation.

BellowsA fi ve convolution connector designed for maximum movements and vibration elimination.



UNALON® Performance curve of working pressures vs. operating temperatures (all sizes)

Vacuum ServiceMaximum temperature for full vacuum (29.9” HG.)Two Convolutions1” to 6”8” to 10”

400◦F250◦F

12” 150◦F

Three Convolutions1” to 4”5” to 6”8” to 12”

400◦F300◦F125◦F

Note: For greater pressure or safety requirements than shown, special Viton®/Kevlar® overlays are available. Optional fl ow liners are available in TEFLON®, Elastomeric, Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloys. Consult our engineering department for further details.

Vacuum: Vacuum support rings can be added in the top (crest) of the convolution for full vacuum at 400◦F for sizes 6” and larger. Support rings can be manufactured from various types of Stainless Steel, Tantalum and Nickel Alloys.

TEFLON® is a registered Trademark of DuPont. Only DuPont makes TEFLON®

Style 112A (2 Convolutions) Style 113A (3 Convolutions) Style 115A (5 Convolutions)Nom.Dia.I.D.

WeightLbs.

NeutralLength

Movement (In.)

WeightLbs.

Neutral Length

Movement (In.)

WeightLbs.

1.0 1.375 0.250 .125 2 1.750 .500 .250 2 3.000 0.500 .500 2

1.25 1.375 0.250 .125 5 1.810 .500 .250 5 2.670 0.394 .470 5

1.50 1.375 0.250 .125 3 2.000 .500 .250 4 3.500 0.750 .500 3

2.00 1.563 0.250 .125 7 2.750 .750 .375 8 4.000 1.000 .500 7

2.50 2.250 0.313 .125 10 3.188 .750 .375 11 4.600 0.980 .510 10

3.00 2.250 0.375 .188 10 3.625 1.000 .500 13 5.000 1.000 .500 10

4.00 2.625 0.500 .250 18 3.625 1.000 .500 19 5.250 1.250 .625 18

5.00 3.250 0.500 .250 24 4.000 1.000 .500 25 6.000 1.250 .625 24

6.00 2.750 0.500 .250 29 4.000 1.125 .563 30 6.000 1.250 .625 29

8.00 4.00 0.500 .250 47 6.000 1.125 .563 48 8.000 1.250 .625 47

10.00 5.250 0.500 .250 64 7.000 1.188 .500 60 8.750 1.250 .625 64

12.00 6.000 0.500 .250 115 7.875 1.188 .625 77 9.000 1.375 .688 115

Movement (In.)

NeutralLength

Axial Lateral Axial Lateral Axial Lateral

Expansion Joint Data

**Safety Shields Are RecommendedFor information on the “E” Series, please visit our website: www.unafl ex.com and click PTFE Expansion Joints

Anchoring

Fluoroplastic connectors should always be installed in piping systems which are properly anchored and guided. The connectors should be protected from movements which are greater than that for which they are designed.

Installation & Maintenance

Since the connectors have a Fluoroplastic fl ange, no other sealing device, such as a gasket, is required. Remove fl ange covers only when ready to install. Thread the installation bolts from the mating fl ange side and be sure bolts do not extend beyond the bellows fl ange. No nuts are required.



Size (in.)

Face-to-Face

(in.)

Flange Thick (in.)

No. of Holes Thread Size

Allowable Movement

Lateral Defl ect

(in.)

Elongation (in.)

Compression (in.)

AngularMovement

2 6 5/8 4 5/8-11NC ±1/2 3/8 1/2 15

2-1/2 6 11/16 4 5/8-11NC ±1/2 3/8 1/2 15

3 6 11/16 4 5/8-11NC ±1/2 3/8 1/2 15

4 6 11/16 8 5/8-11NC ±1/2 3/8 5/8 15

5 6 13/16 8 3/4-10NC ±1/2 3/8 5/8 15

6 6 7/8 8 3/4-10NC ±1/2 3/8 5/8 15

8 6 7/8 8 3/4-10NC ±1/2 3/8 5/8 15

10 8 15/16 12 7/8-9 NC ±3/4 1/2 3/4 15

12 8 15/16 12 7/8-9 NC ±3/4 1/2 3/4 15

“Unasphere” Style 800 Expansion Joints

Precision molded of neoprene and nylon, these units require less force to move than conventional joints, allowing maximum defl ection, elongation and compression. Their design is stronger than other confi gurations because of the spherical shape. The smooth fl ow arch reduces turbulence and allows quiet fl ow without sediment build-up. All three styles also available in EPDM and nitrile with neoprene cover.

Design Data: Pressure–16” HG Vacuum, 225 PSIGTemperature–20◦F to 180◦F.

The Twinsphere is precision molded of neoprene and nylon tire cord. The double arch design allows for greater movement four different ways and provides for a non-turbulent fl ow. Angular movement up to 30◦ is obtainable with its highly fl exible design. Rated for 225 PSI WP at 170◦F. Pressure is reduced at higher temperatures. Vacuum Rating to 26” HG.

“Twin-Sphere” Style 802

This highly capable, low-cost expansion joint is available for smaller diameter piping systems found in power plants, chemical plants, waterworks, sewage treatment plants and private residences, etc. The Twin-Sphere provides excellent vibration absorption and stress relief in a light, compact construction.

Operating Pressure: 150 PSI. Vacuum Rating: 15” HG. Diameters are available in 3/4”, 1”, 1-1/4”, 1-1/2” and 2”

“Twin-Sphere” Style 803

Size (in.) Face-to-Face (in.) Comp. Elong. Lateral

MovementAngular

Movement

2 7 2.0 1.188 1.750 45

2-1/2 7 2.0 1.188 1.750 43

3 7 2.0 1.188 1.750 38

4 9 2.0 1.375 1.562 34

5 9 2.0 1.375 1.562 29

6 9 2.0 1.375 1.562 25

8 13 2.375 1.375 1.375 19

10 13 2.375 1.375 1.375 15

12 13 2.375 1.375 1.375 13

Size, Movement, Pressure, Weight and Drilling Data



UNAFLEX® “RADI-FLEX” Crosses and Tees are custom manufactured to your specifi cations with all features of our Elbow Expansion Joints. Call for further information regarding available constructions and delivery schedules.

The Industry’s Most Complete Line of Expansion Joints

Elastomeric elbows and fi ttings are frequently used in place of metal fi ttings where high abrasion and chemical resistance is required and/or where vibration and stress relief is desirable.

“RADI-FLEX” Joints are designed to reduce noise and vibration in angled installments. Spiraled steel wires are embedded in the walls from fl ange-to-fl ange for extra strength. Standard construction is of rubber tube with polyester reinforcement with a synthetic cover. Temperature ranges up to 180◦F can be handled. High temperature construction using a butyl tube with polyester reinforcement and a butyl cover allow use from 180◦F to 250◦F. Also available in Neoprene, Buna N, Hypalon® and EPDM (Nordel). Maximum pressures for standard units are: 2” and 3”-90 psi; 4” to 6”-80 psi; 8” to 10”-70 psi; and 12” to 14”-60 psi.

Rubber Flanged Pipe, Fittings, Pipe Elbows

Unions: Unions are small double arch rubber connectors with female threaded (usually ANSI NPT) ends. These connectors are for use with small diameter pipe and where clearance space for fl anges is not available. Usually available for standard pipe sizes from 3/4 inch (19mm) to 3 inch (72mm) diameter and a wide variety of elastomers. Normally, unions are found in Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) applications.

Notes: 1. Flange size dimensions conforms to ANSI-Class 150# drilling2. Split rings are 3/8” Galvanized Steel Plate3. Center-to-face dimensions are subject to ±1/4” tolerance

UNAFLEX® “RADI-FLEX” Elbow Joints Dimensions

SizeN.D.(in.)

FlangeThick.

A(in.)

B Flange

O.D.(in.)

C C to F

90◦ STD.(in.)

CC to F

90◦ L.R.(in.)

CC to F

45◦(in.)

AllowableMovement

2 1 6 4-1/2 6-1/2 2-1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2

2-1/2 1 7 5 7 3 1/2 1/2 1/2

3 1-1/8 7-1/2 5-1/2 7-3/4 3 1/2 1/2 1/2

4 1-1/8 9 6-1/2 9 4 1/2 1/2 1/2

5 1-1/8 10 7-1/2 10-1/4 4-1/2 3/4 3/4 3/4

6 1-1/8 11 8 11-1/2 5 3/4 3/4 3/4

8 1-1/8 13-1/2 9 14 5-1/2 3/4 3/4 3/4

10 1-1/4 16 11 16-1/2 6-1/2 3/4 3/4 3/4

12 1-1/4 19 12 19 7-1/2 3/4 3/4 3/4

14 1-1/4 21 14 22-1/2 7-1/2 3/4 3/4 3/4

Comp.(in.)

Defl ect.(in.)

Ext.(in.)

Unaflex “Radi-Flex” Elbow Expansion Joints

Crosses, Tees and Special Products

Special Products:

• Pipe Clamp Sleeves• Wellpoint Sleeves• Endless belts for use on

equipment• Rubber Tubing• Vacuum Sleeve

Connectors• Exhaust Connectors

• Suction Box Hose for Papermills

• Dredge Sleeves• Slurry Connectors• Food Handling

Connectors• Acid Hose Connectors• Pre-Formed Hose• Pinch Valve Bodies



UNAFLEX® “MIGHTY-SPAN” Style 600 Rubber Flue Duct Expansion Joints are designed to handle hot air or gasses in industrial duct work, as well as those generated by power plant and pollution control equipment. They are custom constructed of rubber and fabric to absorb thermal movements and vibration in duct work and to aid in the elimination of noises caused by scrubber equipment and mechanical dust collectors.

MIGHTY-SPAN is capable of handling any combination of large movements which might occur in a ducting system due to thermal expansion. MIGHTY-SPAN creates almost no load on damper and fan interfacing fl anges, thus providing much needed protection in these critical areas.

A wide range of elastomers and fabric substrates are available to provide maximum resistance to corrosion and high temperature capabilities as well as white FDA food grade elastomers. Let UNAFLEX® assist you in selecting the MIGHTY-SPAN product for your application.

Configurations

• Square, rectangular or round in any size. Standard construction “U” shape, 9” face-to-face, 3” fl ange.

• Arch shapes also available. One-piece body 5/16” thick. Steel retaining rings are provided (send drawing or call UNAFLEX® for quotation.)

Choice of Material

Fabric ReinforcementStyle 600 Joints may be constructed of *Nomex (to 400◦F), fi berglass or polyester cloth impregnated with one of the following:

Tube and CoverNeoprene–Resistant to heat, adverse weather, ozone and fuel gasses. Impervious to fats, oils, greases and other petroleum products. For use up to 250◦F.

Chlorobutyl–An elastomer with all of the above advantages of neoprene, with the exception of its inability to withstand oil. For use up to 300◦F.

*Viton®/**Fluorel®–In addition to providing all of the properties of neoprene, Fluorel is resistant to mineral acids and usable in 400◦F applications.

Silicone–A high-quality elastomer recommended for all environments except those with sulfur gas (SO2 or SO3). For use in -70◦ to 500◦F applications.*DuPont trademark **3M trademark.

“Mighty-Span” Rubber Flue Duct Expansion Joints

Environmental Conditions

Elastomer Usable to◦FRecommended for Use In

Neoprene 250 good good

Chlorobutyl 300 -- good

*Viton® 400 good good

Silicone 500 good --

Oils, Grease Ozone & Flue Gases

U-Type compression and elongation formulas

Lateral Elongation= 2 lbs. per foot of perimeter per 1/16” of movement. For example: 2’ x 2’ I.D.= 8’ perimeter defl ection= 1” = 16/16. 2 lbs. x 8” x 16”=256 lbs. Axial Compression = 2.2 lbs. per foot of perimeter per 1/16” of movement. For example: 2’ x 2’ I.D. = 8’ perimeter defl ection = 1” = 16/16. 2.2 lbs. x 8” x 16” = 282 lbs.

Recommended Service

Pressure to 3.0 PSIG, max

Vacuum 6.12” Hg, 83”, Water

Compression* 2”

Extension* 1/2”

Transverse 1-1/2”

Sleeve Type U-Type Single Arch Multi Arch

Sleeve Type U-Type Single Arch Multi Arch



Flexible Rubber Pipe Connectors

This design provides substantial fl exibility to allow the expansion joint to absorb pipe movements, whether induced by thermal changes or other mechanical means. In certain applications, the features provided by arch-type construction may not be of paramount importance, and it is possible to manufacture no-arch type expansion joints. It is more common, however, to specify fl anged pipe connectors having a substantially longer length than an expansion joint of the same pipe size.

Definition

A fl exible rubber pipe connector is a reinforced straight rubber pipe, fabricated of natural or synthetic elastomers and fabrics, primarily designed to absorb noise and vibration in a piping system.

Performance Characteristics

Sound Limiting CharacteristicsRubber pipe connectors are used in air-conditioning and heating installations because of their ability to limit or interrupt the transmission of sound from operating equipment to the piping system.

Pressure/Temperature LimitsFlexible rubber pipe can be furnished in either 150 PSIG or 250 PSIG working pressure designs at different temperature ratings.

Resistance to FluidsRubber pipe corrosion resistance is the same as for elastomeric expansion joints.


Tube, Cover and CarcassDetails concerning the tube, cover and carcass fabric reinforcement are the same as for expansion joints.

Metal ReinforcementHelical-wound, steel reinforcement wire is imbedded in the carcass to provide strength for high pressure operations and to prevent collapse under vacuum.

Types of Pipe Connectors

Flanged TypeThe most common type of rubber pipe incorporates a full face fl ange integral with the body of the pipe. The fl ange is drilled to conform to the bolt pattern of the companion metal fl anges of the pipeline. This type of a rubber-faced fl ange, backed with a retaining ring, is of suffi cient thickness to form a tight seal against the companion fl ange without the use of a gasket.

Flanged Type Rubber Pipe

Flan

ge &

�R

e t R

i ng

O.D

.

Nom

inal

Pip

e S

ize�

Dia

met

er I

.D.

GSteel Retaining Ring

F

Coupled TypeIn smaller diameters, rubber pipe is available with factory attached couplings. Normally furnished with female/male couplings, this type is also available with male/female fi ttings.

F

I.D. of Part

Floating Flange TypeSimilar to the fl anged type. Instead of having a full-face rubber fl ange, this design has a solid fl oating metallic fl ange or a split interlocking fl ange. The Van Stone fl ange principle is used with the beads of the rubber part specifi cally designed to fi t the mating pipe fl ange.

FG

Wire Spring Steel

Van Stone O.D

Ret

aini

ng F

lang

e O

.DN

omin

al P

ipe

Size

�Jo

int I

.D.

Flange Plate Steel

Cross Section View of Flanged Type Flexible Rubber Pipe



Typical Flange ThicknessNominal Flange

Thickness #MeasurementsTolerance

in mm in. mm9/16 14 4 ±1/16 ±2

5/8 - 7/8 16 - 22 4 ±3/16 ±5

1 25 4 ±1/4 ±6

1 - 1/8-1/1/4 29 - 32 5 ±5/16 ±8

1 - 1-3/8 25 - 35 6 ±3/8 ±10

Nominal Pipe Size ConnectorInside Diameter

Recommended Face-to-Face “F” Dimensions

in mm in mm1/2 15 12 3053/4 20 12 3051 25 12 305

1-1/4 30 12 3051-1/2 40 12 305

2 50 12 3052-1/2 65 12 305

3 75 18 4573-1/2 90 18 457

4 100 18 4575 125 24 6106 150 24 6108 200 24 61010 250 24 61012 300 24 61014 350 24 61016 400 24 61018 450 24 61020 500 24 61022 550 24 61024 600 24 610

Anchoring and Control Units

Flexible rubber connectors should always be installed in piping systems that are properly anchored so that the connectors are not required to absorb compression or elongation piping movements. If axial forces can act in the system to compress or elongate the connector, control units will be required to prevent axial movement. In general, control units are always recommended as an additional safety factor, preventing damage to the connector and associated equipment.

x

I.D.

Tolerances for Rubber Pipe & Expansion Joints

Nominal Pipe Size Exp. Jt.

I.D.

Exp. Joint I.C. 1

Non-Critical Flange O.D. 1

Bolt Line3

Face-to-Face Length “F”2 (inches)All Dimensions to be an Averaged

Reading.Applies to Open or Filled Arch

Number of Measurements to be Averaged

0 to 6 7 to 12 14 to 18 20 & up

0 to 10” ±3/16 ±1/4 ±3/16 ±3/16 ±3/16 ±3/16 ±3/16-1/4 4

12 to 22 ±1/4 ±3/8 ±1/4 ±3/16 ±3/16 ±3/16 ±3/16-1/4 4

24 to 46 ±3/8 ±1/2 ±5/16 ±3/16 ±3/16 ±3/16 ±1/4 448 to 70 ±3/8-1/2 ±3/4-1/2 ±3/8 ±1/4 ±3/8 ±3/8 ±3/8 672 & up ±3/8-5/8 ±1-3/4 ±1/2 ±1/4 ±3/8 ±3/8 ±3/8 6

Notes:• All diameters to be measured with a “Pi” tape• All linear dimensions to be measured with a steel rule and averaged• Bolt Line= Actual I.D. +2 (Average “X” Dimension) + Bolt Hole Diameter.

Note: Measurements taken at the bolt hole.

Notes:• Above lengths are recommendations only



UNAFLEX® “Super-Quiet” Styles 2150 (150 psi WP) and 2250 (250 psi WP) vibration and sound absorbers are specially designed lengths of rubber pipe with factory attached ferrules for pipe and other connections involving standard IPT. They eliminate vibration between pump and pipe lines either for suction or discharge.

Styles 2150 and 2250

*Style 2150 and 2250 Dimensions

Pipe SizeN.D. (in.)

Standard Overall

Length (in.)

Pipe SizeN.D. (in.)

Standard Overall Length

(in.)

3/4 12 2 24

1 18 2-1/2 24

1-1/4 18 3 36

1-1/2 18 4 36

UNAFLEX® “Super-Quiet” Styles 3150 (150 psi WP) and 3250 (250 psi WP) sound absorbers are built with molded rubber fl anged ends with bolt holes that accommodate standard steel fl anges. Available with or without helical wire reinforcement. Special tubes can be made to meet unique requirements for either suction or discharge.

“Super-Quiet” Rubber Vibration and Sound Absorbers

For Working Pressures to 150 PSI

For Water Service to 180◦F

For Water Service from 180 to 250◦F Max.

Ferruled Coupling 2150 2150 H.T.

Flanged End 3150 3150 H.T.

For Working Pressures to 250 PSI

For Water Service to 180◦F

For Water Service from 180 to 250◦F Max.

Ferruled Coupling 2250 2250 H.T.

Flanged End 3250 3250 H.T.

“Super-Quiet” Styles 3150 and 3250

IMPORTANT: UNAFLEX® Vibration and Sound Absorbers are not designed to accommodate the movement in a piping system caused by temperature change or other conditions. See Spool-Type Expansion Joints for such applications.

Specify UNAFLEX® Flexible Connectors

Style 3150Style 3250

Style 3150 HTStyle 3250 HT

150# W.P.250# W.P.150# W.P.250# W.P.

180◦F180◦F250◦F250◦F

Percentage of Reduction of Vibration Input with Frequency and Pressure as Compared to Steel PipeCenter Freq.

Hz8” I.D. x 24” F-F Vibration Joint

440 87% 91% 93%

68 95% 96% 99%

125 98% 99% 99%

250 96% 97% 99%

500 91% 93% 94%

1000 82% 91% 96%

2000 99% 99% 99%

4000 99% 99% 99%

8000 97% 97% 98%

EXAMPLE: If a steel piping system had a major vibration frequency of 1,000 Hz at 50 PSIG and 8” rubber expansion joint was installed in the pipeline, the percentage of reduction of vibration would be 96%. Above data taken from the Fluid Sealing Association Handbook.

10 PSIG 50 PSIG 80 PSIG

Joint Size

N.D.(in.)

Face-to-Face Style 3150 (Conforms to ANSI 150# Drilling) Style 3250 (Conforms to ANSI 300# Drilling)

1-1/2 12 24 2-7/8 5 11/16 3-7/8 4 5/8 2-7/8 6-1/8 23/32 4-1/2 4 7/8

2 12 24 3-5/8 6 11/16 4-3/4 4 3/4 3-5/8 6-1/2 23/32 5 8 3/4

3 12 36 4-5/8 7-1/2 27/32 6 4 3/4 4-5/8 8-1/4 27/32 6-5/8 8 7/8

4 12 36 5-7/8 9 27/32 7-1/2 8 3/4 5-7/8 10 7/8 7-7/8 8 7/8

5 12 36 6-7/8 10 15/16 8-1/2 8 7/8 6-7/8 11 15/16 9-1/4 8 7/8

6 18 36 7-7/8 11 31/32 9-1/2 8 7/8 7-7/8 12-1/2 15/16 10-5/8 12 7/8

8 24 48 9-7/8 13-1/2 31/32 11-3/4 8 7/8 9-7/8 15 1-1/16 13 12 1

10 24 48 12-1/8 16 1-3/16 14-1/4 12 1 12-1/8 17-1/2 1-11/32 15-1/4 16 1-1/8

12 24 48 14-1/2 19 1-7/32 17 12 1 14-1/2 20-1/2 1-11/32 17-3/4 16 1-1/4

Min (in.) Max (in.)Ring I.D.

(in.)Flange

Diam. (in.) Thick. (in.)Bolt Cir.

Diam. (in.)Bolt Holes

No. Diam. (in.)Ring I.D.

(in.)Flange

Diam. (in.) Thick. (in.)Bolt Cir.

Diam. (in.)Bolt Holes

No. Diam. (in.)



Other InstallationsVibration Mounts Under Foundation. Figure 4 shows a very common pump installation. Instead of being mounted on a solid foundation, the pump is supported off the fl oor on vibration mounts. There is nothing wrong with this type of installation. The supplier of the vibration mounts should be made aware of the fact that these mounts must be designed, not only to support the weight of the pump, its motor and base, but must also absorb the vertical thrust that will occur in both the suction and discharge lines.

It should be noted that the thrust in the respective pipelines will exert a force on the inlet and outlet fl anges of the pump, and the pump manufacturer should be contacted to determine whether or not the pump casing is strong enough to withstand this force. If this is not done, it is very possible that this force can be large enough to crack the connecting fl anges.

Vibration Mounts or Springs Under Base and Anchor. An improved installation is shown in Figure 5. The vibration mounts under the pump base need only support the pump, its motor and base. The vibration mounts under the elbow supports can then be designed to withstand the thrust developed in the suction and discharge lines respectively.

Secondary Base. See Figure 6. In this installation, a complete secondary base is provided for the pump base and the two elbow supports. This secondary base is equipped with vibration mounts to isolate it from the fl oor. These mounts must be designed to take into account all of the loads and forces acting upon the secondary base. These obviously are the weight of the equipment plus the thrusts developed in the suction and discharge lines.

Rubber Expansion Joint

Installation and Maintenance

It is generally stated that the proper location of rubber expansion joints is close to a main anchoring point. Following the joint in the line, a pipe guide or guides should be installed to keep the pipe in line and prevent undue displacement of this line. This is the simplest application of a joint, namely, to absorb the expansion and contraction of a pipeline between fi xed anchor points.

Anchoring & Guiding the

Piping System

Anchors are required. Figure 1 illustrates a simple piping system. You will notice that in all cases, solid anchoring is provided wherever the pipeline changes direction and that the expansion joints in that line are located as close as possible to those anchor points. In addition, following the expansion joints, and again as close as is practical, pipe guides are employed to prevent displacement of the pipeline. It should be pointed out that the elbows adjacent to the pump are securely supported by the pump base so that no piping forces are transmitted to the fl anges of the pump itself. Anchors shown at the 90◦ and the 45◦ bend in the pipeline must be solid anchors designed to withstand the thrust developed in the line together with any other forces imposed on the system at this point.

Calculation of Thrust. When expansion joints are installed in the pipeline, the static portion of the thrust is calculated as a product of the area of the I.D. of the arch of the expansion joint times the maximum pressure that will occur with the line. The result is a force expressed in pounds. Refer to Figure 2.

Branch Connection Anchors. Figure 3 is another illustration of the proper anchoring that should be provided in a line with a branch connection. The anchor shown at the tee and elbow connections must be designed to withstand both the thrust and any other forces imposed on the system at these points. Emphasis is again placed on the relative location of the joints, their anchoring points and the pipe guides.

Fig.3

Fig.2

Fig.1

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6



Control Units

Control Units Used in Restraining the Piping SystemControl units may be required to limit both extension and compression movements.

ExtensionControl units must be used when it is not feasible in a given structure to provide adequate anchors in the proper location. In such cases, the static pressure thrust of the system will cause the expansion joint to extend to the limit set by the control rods which will then preclude the possibility of further motion that would over-elongate the joint. Despite the limiting action that control rods have on the joint, they must be used when proper anchoring cannot be provided. It cannot be emphasized too strongly that rubber expansion joints, by virtue of their function, are not designed to take end thrusts and, in all cases where such are likely to occur, proper anchoring is essential. If this fact is ignored, premature failure of the expansion joint is a foregone conclusion.

CompressionPipe sleeves or inside nuts can be installed on the control rods. The purpose of the sleeve is to prevent excessive compression in the expansion joint. The length of this pipe sleeve should be such that the expansion joint cannot be compressed beyond the maximum allowable compression.

Specifi cationsThe exact number of control rods should be selected on the basis of the actual design/test pressure of the system. Always specify the mating fl ange thickness when ordering control unit assemblies.

Control Unit AssembliesWhen an elastomeric expansion joint with a control unit assembly is to be installed directly to a pump fl ange, special care must be taken. Make sure that there is suffi cient clearance behind the pump fl ange not only for the plates, but also for the nuts, bolts and washers. In cases where there is not suffi cient clearance, the control rod plates on the pump end can be mounted behind the expansion joint fl ange if the expansion joint fl ange has a metal fl ange. If the elastomer expansion joint has an integral fl ange with split retaining rings, this method is not usually recommended as the split retaining rings may not have enough strength to withstand the total force encountered.

Rubber Expansion Joint

Installation and Maintenance

Retaining Rings Gusset Plate

Steel Washer

Mating Flange

Threaded Rod

Expansion Joint

Control Unit



Split Metal RingsRetaining rings must be used to distribute the bolting load and assure a pressure tight seal. They are coated for corrosion resistance and drilled as specifi ed.

The rings are installed directly against the back of the fl anges of the joint and bolted through to the mating fl ange of the pipe. Steel washers are recommended under the bolt heads against the retaining rings; at a minimum at the splits. Rings are normally 3/8” (9mm) thick, but can vary due to conditions. The ring I.D. edge installed next to the rubber fl ange should be broken or beveled to prevent cutting of the rubber.

Expansion Joint Protective Shields and Covers

Unusual applications of rubber expansion joints may require the specifi cation of:

A. Protective ShieldB. Protective CoverC. Fire Cover

These three types of covers, when manufactured of metal, have one end which is bolted to or clamped to the mating pipe fl ange. The other end is free, designed to handle the movements of the expansion joint. A protective cover of metal is required when an expansion joint is installed underground. Protective shields should be used on expansion joints in lines that carry high temperature or corrosive media. This shield will protect personnel or adjacent equipment in the event of leakage or splash. Wrap around protective shields of fl uoroplastic impregnated fi berglass are the most common. Protective covers of expanded metal are used to prevent exterior damage to the expansion joint. Fire covers, designed oversize, are insulated on the I.D. to protect the expansion joint from rupture during a fl ash fi re. They are normally installed on fi re water lines.

When possible, it is not recommended to insulate over elastomeric expansion joints. CAUTION: Protection/Spray shield have some insulating properties. The containment of system temperatures can accelerate the aging of the product and makes required external inspections diffi cult.

Control Rod Installation • Assemble expansion joint between pipe fl anges

to the manufactured face-to-face length of the expansion joint. Include the retaining rings furnished with the expansion joints.

• Assemble control rod plates behind pipe fl anges. Flange bolts through the control rod plate must be longer to accommodate the plate. Control rod plates should be equally spaced around the fl ange. Depending upon the size and pressure rating of the system, 2, 3 or more control rods may be required.

• Insert rods through top plate holes. Steel washers are to be positioned at the outer plate surface. An optional rubber washer is positioned between the steel washer and the outer plate surface.

• If a single nut per unit is furnished, position this nut so that there is a gap between the nut and the steel washer. This gap is equal to the joint’s maximum extension (commencing with the nominal face-to-face length). Do not consider the thickness of the rubber washer. To lock this nut in position, either “stake” the thread in two places or tack weld the nut to the rod. If two jam nuts are furnished for each unit, tighten the two nuts together, so as to achieve a “jamming” effect to prevent loosening.

Note: Consult UNAFLEX® if there is any question as to the rated compression and elongation. These two dimensions are critical in setting the nuts and sizing the compression pipe sleeve.

• If there is a requirement of compression pipe sleeves, ordinary pipe may be used and sized in length to allow the joint to be compressed to its normal limit.

• For reducer installations, it is recommended that all control rod installations be parallel to the piping.

• Location. The expansion joint should always be installed in an accessible location to allow for future inspection or replacement.



Installation Instructions

Non-Metallic Expansion Joints

Service ConditionsEnsure the expansion joint rating for temperature, pressure, vacuum and movements match the system requirements. Contact UNAFLEX® for advice if system requirements exceed those of the expansion joint selected. Make sure the elastomer selected is chemically compatible with the process fl uid or gas.

AlignmentExpansion joints are not typically designed to compensate for piping misalignment errors. Piping should be lined up within 1/8”. Misalignment reduces the rated movements of the expansion joint and can induce severe stress and reduce service life. Pipe guides should be installed to keep the pipe aligned and to prevent undue displacement.

AnchoringSolid anchoring is required wherever the pipeline changes direction, and expansion joints should be located as close as possible to anchor points. If anchors are not used, the pressure thrust may cause excessive movements and damage the expansion joints.

Pipe SupportPiping must be supported so expansion joints do not carry any pipe.

Mating FlangesInstall the expansion joint against the mating pipe fl anges and install bolts so that the bolt head and washer are against the retaining rings. If washers are not used, fl ange leakage can result–particularly at the split in the retaining rings. Flange-to-fl ange dimensions of the expansion joint must match the breech type opening. Make sure the mating fl anges are clean and are fl at-face type or no more than 1/16” raised face type. Never install expansion joints that utilized split retaining rings next to wafer type check or butterfl y valves. Serious damage can result to a rubber joint of this type unless installed against full face fl anges.

Tightening BoltsTighten bolts in stages by alternating around the fl ange. If the joint has integral fabric and rubber fl anges, the bolts should be tight enough to make the rubber fl ange O.D. bulge between the retaining rings and the mating fl ange. Torque bolts suffi ciently to assure leak-free operation at hydrostatic test pressure. Bolt torquing values are available. If the joint has metal fl anges, tighten bolts only enough to achieve a seal and never tighten to the point that there is metal-to-metal contact between the joint fl ange and the mating fl ange.

StorageIdeal storage is a warehouse with a relatively dry, cool location. Store fl ange face down on a pallet or wooden platform. Do not store other heavy items on top of an expansion joint. Ten-year shelf life can be expected with ideal conditions. If storage must be outdoors, joints should be placed on wooden platforms and should not be in contact with the ground. Cover with a tarpaulin.

Large Joint HandlingDo not lift with ropes or bars through the bolt holes. If lifting through the bore, use padding or a saddle to distribute the weight. Make sure cables or forklift tines do not contact the rubber. Do not let expansion joints sit vertically on the edges of the fl anges for any period of time.

Additional Tips for Installation

• For elevated temperatures, do not insulate over a non-metallic expansion joint

• It is acceptable, but not necessary to lubricate the expansion joint fl anges with a thin fi lm of graphite dispersed in glycerin or water to ease disassembly at a later time.

• Do not weld in the near vicinity of a non-metallic joint

• If expansion joints are to be installed underground, or will be submerged in water, contact UNAFLEX® for specifi c recommendations

• If the expansion joint will be installed outdoors, make sure the cover material will withstand ozone, sunlight, etc. Materials such as EPDM and Hypalon® are recommended. Materials painted with weather resistant paint will give additional ozone and sunlight protection.

• Check the tightness of leak-free fl anges two or three weeks after installation and re-tighten if necessary

WARNING

Expansion joints may operate in pipelines or equipment carrying fl uids and/or gases at elevated temperatures and pressures and may transport hazardous materials. Precautions should be taken to protect personnel in the event of leakage or splash.

Rubber joints should not be installed in inaccessible areas where inspection is impossible. Make sure proper drainage is available in the event of leakage when operating personnel are not available.



Inspection Procedure for

Expansion Joints in Service

The following is provided to assist in determining if an expansion joint should be replaced or repaired after extended service.

Replacement CriteriaIf an expansion joint is in a critical service condition and is fi ve or more years old, consideration should be given to maintaining a spare or replacing the unit at a scheduled outage. If the service is not of a critical nature, observe the expansion joint on a regular basis and plan to replace after 10 years of service. Applications vary and life can be as long as 30 years in some cases.

Procedures

• Cracking(Sun Cracking) Cracking, or crazing my not be serious if only the outer cover is involved and the fabric is not exposed. If necessary, repair on-site with rubber cement where cracks are minor. Cracking where the fabric is exposed and torn, indicates the expansion joint should be replaced. Such cracking is usually the result of excess extension, angular or lateral movements. Such cracking is identifi ed by (1) a fl attening of the arch, (2) cracks at the base of the arch, and/or (3) cracks at the base of the fl ange. To avoid future problems, replacement expansion joints should be ordered with control rod units.

• Blisters-Deformation/Ply SeparationSome blisters or deformations, when on the external portions of an expansion joint, may not affect the proper performance of the expansion joint. These blisters or deformations are cosmetic in nature and do not require repair. If major blisters, deformations and/or ply separations exist in the tube, the expansion joint should be replaced as soon as possible. Ply separation at the fl ange O.D. can sometimes be observed and is not a cause for replacement of the expansion joint.

• Metal ReinforcementIf the metal reinforcement of an expansion joint is visible through the cover, the expansion joint should be replaced as soon as possible.

• DimensionsAny inspections should verify that the installation is correct—that there is no excessive misalignment between the fl anges, and that the installed face-to-face dimension is correct. Check for over-elongation, over-compression, lateral or angular misalignment. If incorrect installation has caused the expansion joint to fail, adjust the piping and order a new expansion joint to fi t the existing installation.

• Rubber DeteriorationIf the joint feels soft or gummy, plan to replace the expansion joint as soon as possible.

• LeakageIf leakage or weeping is occurring from any surface of the expansion joint, except where fl anges meet, replace the joint immediately. If leakage occurs between the mating fl ange and expansion joint fl ange, tighten all bolts. If this is not successful, turn off the system pressure, loosen all fl ange bolts and then retighten bolts in stages by alternating around the fl ange. Make sure there are washers under the bolt heads, particularly at the split in the retaining rings. Remove the expansion joint and inspect both rubber fl anges and pipe mating fl ange faces for damage and surface condition. Repair or replace as required. Also make sure the expansion joint is not over elongated as this can tend to pull the joint fl ange away from the mating fl ange resulting in leakage. If leakage persists, consult the manufacturer for additional recommendations.



Abrasion Resistance: The ability to withstand the wearing effect of a rubbing surface. In elastomers, abrasion is a complicated process, often affected more by compounding and curing than by the elastomer. Soft, resilient compounds, such as pure gum rubber are frequently specifi ed.

Adhesion: The strength of bond between cured rubber surfaces or cured rubber surface and a non-rubber surface.

Ambient Temperature: The environment temperature surrounding the object under consideration.

Anchor: Terminal point or fi xed point in a piping system from which directional movement occurs.

Angular Movement: The movement which occurs when one fl ange of the expansion joint is moved to an out of parallel position with the other fl ange. Such movement being measured in degrees.

Arch: That portion of an expansion joint which accommodates the movement of the joint.

ASTM INTERNATIONAL: This organization has developed methods of testing and classifying elastomers as well as setting standards, such as ASTM F 1123-87, Standard Specifi cation for Non-Metallic Expansion Joints.

Atmospheric Cracking: Cracks produced on surface of rubber articles by exposure to atmospheric conditions, especially sunlight, ozone and pollution. Chlorobutyl, EPDM, Hypalon®, Neoprene and Fluorelastomers are all highly resistant compounds.

Average Burst: Used by a manufacturer to determine Maximum Allowable Working Pressure. The average burst pressure is determined from a large number of burst tests on specimens of equal size, construction and grade.

Axial Compression: The dimensional reduction or shortening in the face-to-face parallel length of the joint measured along the longitudinal axis.

Axial Elongation: The dimensional increase or lengthening of face-to-face parallel length of the joint measured along the longitudinal axis.

Axial Extension: The dimensional lengthening of an expansion joint parallel to its longitudinal axis. Such movement being measured in inches or millimeters.

Baffl e: A sleeve extending through the bore of the expansion joint with a full face fl ange on one end. Constructed of hard rubber, metal or Fluoroplastic, it reduces frictional wear of the expansion joint and provides smooth fl ow, reducing turbulence.

Bellows: See Arch or Expansion Joint.

Bench Test: A modifi ed service test in which the service conditions are approximated, but the equipment is conventional laboratory equipment and not necessarily identical with that in which the product will be employed.

Bending Modululs: A force required to induce bending around a given radius; hence a measure of stiffness.

Blister: A raised spot on the surface or a separation between layers, usually forming a void or air-fi lled space in the rubber article.

Bloom: A natural discoloration or change in appearance of the surface of a rubber product caused by the migration of a liquid or solid to the surface. Examples: sulfur bloom, wax bloom. Not to be confused with dust on the surface from external sources.

Body: Carcass of the expansion joint.

Body Rings: Wire or solid steel rings imbedded in the carcass used as strengthening members of the joint.

Bolt Hole Pattern or Drill Pattern: The systematic location of bolt holes in the expansion joint fl anges, where joint is to be bolted to mating fl anges.

Bore: A fl uid passageway, normally the inside diameter of the expansion joint.

Burst Test: A test to measure the pressure at which an expansion joint bursts.

Capped End: A seal on the end of a sleeve joint or fl ange to protect internal reinforcement.

Carcass: Body of the expansion joint.

Cemented Edge: An application of cement around the edges of an expansion joint with or without internal reinforcement for protection or adhesion.

Cemented End: A capped end accomplished by means of cement.

Glossary of Terms



Chalking: Formation of a powdery surface condition due to disintegration of surface binder or elastomer, due in turn to weathering or other destructive environments.

Coeffi cient of Thermal Expansion: Average expansion per degree over a stated temperature range, expressed in a fraction of initial dimension. May be linear or volumetric.

Cold Flow: Continued deformation under stress.

Compensator: See Expansion Joint

Compression Set: The deformation which remains in rubber after it has been subjected to and released from a specifi c compressive stress for a defi nite period of time, at a prescribed temperature.

Concurrent Movements: Combination of two or more types (axial or lateral) of movement.

Conductive: A rubber having qualities of conducting or transmitting heat or electricity. Most generally, applied to rubber products capable of conducting static electricity.

Connector: See Flexible Connector.

Control Rods or Units: Devices usually in the form of tie rods, attached to the expansion joint assembly whose primary function is to restrict the bellows axial movement range during normal operation. In the event of a main anchor failure, they are designed to prevent bellows over-extension or over-compensation while absorbing the static pressure thrust at the expansion joint, generated by the anchor failure.

Convolution: See Arch.

Coupling: See Expansion Joint.

Cracking: See Atmospheric Cracking, Flex Cracking

Crazing: See Atmospheric Cracking

Design Pressure: The maximum high temperature that the expansion joint is designed to handle during normal operating conditions. Not to be confused with excursion temperature.

Design Temperature: The maximum high or low temperature that the expansion joint is designed to handle during normal operating conditions. Not to be confused with excursion temperature.

Diameter, Inside: The length of a straight line through the geometric center and terminating at the inner periphery of an expansion joint.

Directional Anchor: A directional or sliding anchor is one which is designed to absorb loading in one direction while permitting motion in another. It may be either a main or intermediate anchor, depending upon the application involved. When designed for the purpose, a directional anchor may also function as a pipe alignment guide.

Drill Pattern: They systematic location of bolt holes on the mating fl ange to which the expansion joint will be attached. Usually meets a specifi c specifi cation.

Duck: A durable, closely woven fabric.

Durometer: A measurement of the hardness of rubber. (also see Hardness).

Eccentricity: A condition in which the inside and outside of two diameters deviate from a common center.

EJMA: Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association (Metal Expansion Joints).

Elasticity: The ability to return to the original shape after removal of load without regard to the rate of return.

Electrical Resistivity: The resistance between opposite parallel faces of material having a unit length and unit cross section. Typically measured in Ohms/cm.

Elongation: Increase in length expressed numerically as a fraction or a percentage of initial length.

Enlarged End: An end with inside diameter greater than that of the main body of an expansion joint.

Excursion Temperature: The temperature the system could reach during an equipment failure. Excursion temperature should be defi ned by maximum temperature and time duration of excursion.

Face-to-Face (F/F): Dimension between the pipe fl ange faces to which the expansion joint will be bolted. This is also the length of the expansion joint when the system is in the cold position. Also see Pre-Compression and Pre-Set.

Fatigue: The weakening or deterioration of a material caused by a repetition of stress or strain.

Flange: See Integrally Flanged Type Expansion Joint.

Flanged End: Turned up or raised end made so that it can be bolted to an adjacent fl ange.

Flexible Connector: See Expansion Joint.

Flex Cracking: A surface cracking induced by repeated bending or fl exing.



Flex Life: See Cycle Life.

Floating Flange: Metal fl ange which is grooved to contain the bead on each end of an expansion joint. The fl ange fl oats until lined up with mating bolt holes and bolted in place, and is used on spherical expansion joints.

Fluorelastomers: Highly resistant compounds.

Free Length: The linear measurement before being subjected to a load or force.

Friction: A rubber compound applied to an impregnating a fabric, usually by means of a calender with rolls running at different surface speed; hence the name “friction”. The process is called “frictioning”.

Frictioned Fabric: A fabric with a surface treatment which will bond two surfaces together when interposed between the surfaces. Also may be used to adhere to only one surface.

Hardness: Property or extent of being hard. Measured by extent of failure of the indentor point of any one of a number of standard hardness testing instruments to penetrate the product. (Also see Durometer.)

Heat Resistance: The ability of rubber articles to resist the deteriorating effects of elevated temperatures.

Helix: shape formed by spiraling a wore or other reinforcement around the cylindrical body of a rubber pipe.

Hydraulic Pressure: A force exerted through fl uids.

Installed Length: See Face-to-Face.

Integrally Flanged Type Expansion Joint: An expansion joint in which the joint fl anges are made of the same rubber and fabric as the body of the joint.

Lateral Defl ection or Lateral Movement: Movement ore relating displacement of the two ends of the joint perpendicular to its longitudinal axis.

Lateral Offset: Refer to Lateral Defl ection or Lateral Movement.

Limit Rods: Rods placed across an expansion joint from fl ange to fl ange to minimize possible damage to the expansion joint caused by excessive motion of the pipeline. Lined Bolt Hole: A method of sealing exposed fabric in a bolt hole.

Liner: A sleeve extending through the bore of the expansion joint with a full face fl ange on one end.

Constructed of hard rubber, metal or Fluoroplastic, it reduces frictional wear of the expansion joint and provides smooth fl ow, reducing turbulence.

Main Anchor: A main anchor is one which must withstand all of the thrust due to pressure, fl ow and spring forces of the system.

Mandrel: A form used for sizing and to support the expansion joint during fabrication and/or vulcanization. It may be rigid or fl exible.Mandrel Built: An expansion joint fabricated and/or vulcanized on a mandrel.

Maximum Burst: The theoretical (predetermined) burst pressure of an expansion joint.

Metal Reinforcement: Wire or solid steel rings imbedded in the carcass used as strengthening members of the joint.

Misalignment: The out of line condition that exists between the adjacent faces of the fl anges.

Movements: The dimensional changes which the expansion joint is designed to absorb, such as those resulting from thermal expansion or contraction. See Angular Movement, Concurrent Movement, Resultant Movement, Lateral Movement, Torsional Movement, Thermal Movement, Transverse Movement.

NMEJ: Non-Metallic Expansion Joint Division, Fluid Sealing Association.

O-A-L: Alternative term for the face-to-face dimension of the overall length of an expansion joint.

Oil Resistant: The ability to withstand the deteriorating effects of oil (generally refers to petroleum) on the physical properties.

Oil Swell: The change in volume of rubber due to absorption of oil.

Open Arch: Rubber face fl ange of suffi cient thickness to form a tight seal against the metal fl anges without the use of gaskets.

Operating Temperature: The temperature at which the system will generally operate during normal conditions.

Permeability: The ability of a fl uid or gas to pass through an elastomer.

Permanent Set: The deformation remaining after a specimen has been stressed in tension or compression a prescribed amount for a defi nite period and released for a defi nite period.



Pipe Alignment Guide: A pipe alignment guide is framework fastened to some rigid part of the installation which permits the pipeline to move freely in only one direction along the axis of the pipe. Pipe alignment guides are designed primarily for use in applications to prevent lateral defl ection and angular rotation.

Pipe Sleeve: See Compression Sleeves.

Ply: One concentric layer or ring of material, such as fabric plies in an expansion joint.

Pre-Compression: Compressing the expansion joint (shortening the F/F) so that in the cold position the joint has given amount of compression set into the joint. The purpose of pre-compression is to allow for unexpected or additional axial extension. This is performed at the jobsite.

Pre-Set: Dimension that joints are defl ected to insure that desired movements will take place. See Lateral.

Proof Pressure Test: See Hydrostatic Test.

Pump Connector: See Expansion Joint.

Reducers: Expansion joints used to comment piping of unequal diameters.

Reinforcement: Flexible and supporting member between tube and cover; wire or solid steel rings imbedded in the carcass as strengthening members of the joint.

Resultant Movement: The net effect of concurrent movement.

Retaining Rings: Used to distribute the bolting load and assure a pressure tight seal.

RMA: The Rubber Manufacturers Association, Inc.

SAE: The Society of Automotive Engineers. This organization has developed methods of testing and classifying elastomers.

Service Test: A test in which the expansion joint is operated under service conditions in the actual equipment.

Soft Cuffs: Designed to slip over the straight ends of the open pipe and be held securely in place with clamps.

Soft End: An end in which the rigid reinforcement of the body, usually wire, is omitted.

Specifi c Gravity: The ratio of the weight of a given substance to the weight of an equal volume of water at a specifi ed temperature.

Static Wire: A wire incorporated in an expansion joint for conducting or transmitting static electricity.

Straight End: An end with inside diameter the same as that of the main body.

Sun Checking: See Atmospheric Cracking

Tapers: Reducing expansion joints used to comment piping of unequal diameters.

Temperature: See Ambient Temperature, Design Temperature, Excursion Temperature, Operating Temperature.

Tensile Strength: the force required to rupture a specimen. “Dumbbell” specimens are cut from fl at stock by a die of specifi ed shape. Large elongations require special considerations in holding specimens and measuring the test results.

Testing: See Bench Test, Burst Test, Hydrostatic Test, Service Test.

Thermal Movements: Movements created within the piping system by thermal expansion. Can be axial, lateral or torsional.

Top Hat Liner: Consists of a sleeve extending through the bore of an expansion joint with a full face fl ange on one end.

Torsional Movement: The twisting of one end of an expansion joint with respect to the other end about its longitudinal axis.

Tube: A protective, leakproof lining made of synthetic or natural rubber as the service dictates.

Under Gauge: Thinner than the thickness specifi ed.

Wire Reinforced: A product containing metal wire to give added strength, increased dimensional stability or crush resistance. See Reinforcement.

Wrap Marks: Impressions left on the cover surface by the material used to wrap the expansion joint during vulcanization. Usually shows characteristics of a woven pattern and wrapper with edge marks.

Van Stone Flange: A loose, rotating type fl ange, sometimes called a lap-joint fl ange.



Pressure Terminology

Operating PressureThe actual pressure at which the system works under normal conditions. This pressure may be positive or negative. (vacuum).

System Design PressureThe highest or most severe pressure expected during operation. Sometimes used as the calculated operating pressure plus an allowance for safety margin.

Expansion Joint Design PressureThe highest most severe pressure the expansion joint will handle.

Surge PressureOperating pressure plus the increment above operating pressure that the expression joint will be subjected. For a very short time duration due to pump starts, valve closings, etc.

Maximum Allowable Pressure This term is used by the expansion joint manufacturer to defi ne the maximum operating pressure recommended for a specifi c expansion joint.

Hydrostatic Test PressureThe hydrostatic test pressure is used to demonstrate system or expansion joint capability. The standard test is 1-1/2 times the Maximum Allowable Pressure, held for 10 minutes, without leaks.

List of Specifications

ASTM Designation: F1123-87, “Standard Specifi cation for Non-Metallic Expansion Joints.” Approved December 31, 1987. American Society for Testing and Material, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA.

MIL-E-15330D (SH): “Military Specifi cation Expansion Joint, Pipe, Non-Metallic, Fire-Retardant”, revised October 14, 1977. U.S. Government Printing Offi ce Form 1977-7103-122-6336. The section on class A, Type 1, Arched, Spool-Type Expansion Joint is replaced by ASTM F 1123-87, effective August 10, 1993.

Coast Guard: Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.46) Parts 56.35-10 and 56.60-1 (B). Revised 10/1/91. Offi ce of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records of Service, General Services Administration. ASTM F 1123-87 is the governing specifi cation.

Fan Connector Spec: MIL-R-6855-D: Military Specifi cation, “General specifi cation for rubber synthetic; sheets, strips, molded or extruded shapes.” Class 2 is specifi ed for Navy Fan connectors.

Torque ValuesStandard Pressure High Pressure

Flange Size(inches)

Pressure Rating (PSI)

Torque(ft-pounds)

Pressure Rating (PSI)

Torque(ft-

pounds)1/23/41

1-1/41-1/2

22-1/2

345681012141618202430364248546672

165165165165165165165165165140140140140140856565656555555555555545

1325202525405560404555757010580557070906590109100125160145

20020020020020020020020020019019019019019013011011011010090908080808070

16302530305065755060751009514212590120115135110145150150185230225

Installation Pipe With A/AN:

Pipe System Vibration

Frequency

Expansion Joint8” ID X 6” F/F

Rubber Pipe8” ID X 24” F/F

Vibration Reduction At Vibration Reduction At

HZ 10 PSIG

50 PSIG

80 PSIG

10 PSIG

50 PSIG

80 PSIG

4068125

376044

556850

727860

879598

919699

939999

2505001000

446590

508996

509098

969182

979391

999496

200040008000

949089

959389

969794

999794

999997

999998

Mechanical Vibration in a Steel Piping System Reduced with the Installation of Pipe Connectors or Expansion Joints

The Non-Metallic Expansion Joint Division has done extensive work on relating the vibration absorbing qualities of rubber to rigid steel pipe. These tests were conducted by a nationally recognized independent Testing Laboratory.” The chart below is an effort to show a practical application of these test results for both an expansion joint and a fl exible rubber pipe.



Noise and Vibration Transmitted Through the Hydraulic Media

Reduced with the Installation of Expansion Joints

PurposeTo measure the effects of rubber expansion joints in piping systems which produce objectionable hydraulic resonance noise.

Test System and LocationThe main condenser water riser piping and the secondary chilled water piping systems running to the Board Room of a major retailer, located on the 46th fl oor of a building in New York City from a sub-basement.

ProblemThese piping systems were found to transmit a highly objectionable surging noise in the Board Room. Noise frequency was identifi ed as the pump impeller passage frequency) number of vances in the impeller, times the rotating frequency).

Amplifi ed Fluid PulsationsIt is interesting to note that while the pumps are located remotely from the Board Room, the acoustical energy was conveyed by the piping for more than 500 feet, in the case of the sub-basement located condenser water pumps and transmitted structurally into the Board Room via pure riser anchors and supports located near the 46th fl oor. This condition represented a phenomenon which was created by a resonance condition in the piping system, re-acting in harmony with the impeller vane passage frequency and thereby amplifying the fl uid pulsations to much higher levels that those at the source.

Pure-Tone Noise FluctuationsMetal expansion joints were in the piping system prior to the installation of rubber expansion joints. Operating with the metal expansion joints in place, the system noise level had a surging quality, meaning that whenever more than one pump was operating, the puretone noise increased and decreased with a wide range of fl uctuation. The peak of the surging noise was measured to be NC-49. Correcting for the highly objectionable pure-tone quality of the noise, the equivalent NC would be as high as NC-54, a totally unacceptable environment for the Board Room.

Corrective Action and ResultsRubber expansion joints were installed, replacing the metal expansion joints near the top of the main condenser discharge and return risers. Rubber expansion joints were also installed on the intake and discharge sides of the secondary water pump on the 46th fl oor.

Noise Level Reduced, Pure-Tone EliminatedWith the rubber expansion joints installed into the system, the noise level in the Board Room with two condenser water pumps and two secondary chilled water pumps operating simultaneously, was measured to be only NC-31. Furthermore, the new NC-31 environment contained no pure-tone quality. In fact, by shutting and starting the pumps, there was no detectable change in the ambient sound level.

Pipe Wall Vibration ReducedThe pipe wall vibration patters were in fact signifi cantly altered as evidenced by “before and after” readings on the pipe walls. Tables 2 and 3 show the spectrum shapes of pipe wall vibration “before and after” the installation of the rubber expansion joints. Tables show substantial reductions of pipe wall vibration, further indication of a quieter piping system. Drawing 1 shows, schematically, the location of pumps relative to the Board Room, as well as the locations where pipe wall vibration measurements were taken.

ConclusionsThe installation of the rubber expansion joints into the piping system effectively lowered the noise level from NC-54 to NC-31, eliminating the pure-tone quality of the noise. We attribute the highly successful attenuation provided by the rubber expansion joints to a disruption in the acoustical standing wave pattern in the piping confi guration. This disruption was being created by the sudden change in pipe wall rigidity at the expansion joint. The soft wall of the expansion joint would actually “breathe” with the fl uid pulsations, thereby disrupting the steel pipe wall vibration pattern as well.

Summary Test Report of Cerami and Associates Inc.

Published study from the Fluid Sealing Association Technical Handbook Seventh Edition-Non-Metallic Expansion Joints and Flexible Connectors

Typical Recommended Noise Criteria Levels

Type of Room NC* Range

Small Private Offi ceConference Room for 20Conference Room for 50

Theatres for MoviesTheatres for Drama

30 to 4030 to 4025 to 3530 to 4025 to 30

Concert HallSecretarial Offi ces

Home, Sleeping AreasAssembly HallSchool Room

25 to 3535 to 4520 to 3025 to 3530 to 40

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