unclassified 1 imint & geoint imagery intelligence & geospatial intelligence ms. heidi buck...
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IMINT & GEOINT
Imagery Intelligence
&
Geospatial Intelligence
Ms. Heidi BuckSPAWAR Systems Center, San DiegoIntelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance Department Phone: 619-553-6626 NIPR: [email protected]
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What is GEOINT?
GEOINT stands for GEOspatial INTelligence, which is an intelligence discipline comprising the exploitation and analysis of information to describe, assess, and visually depict physical features and geographically referenced activities on the Earth.
GEOINT data is any data that has a geospatial component:
• Infrastructure• roads• power grids• water
• Gunshot triangulation/geolocation• Crime reports• GPS or AIS (maritime) data• Cell phone tracking locations• Imagery/Video
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What is IMINT?
IMINT, short for IMagery INTelligence, is an intelligence gathering discipline which collects information via satellite and aerial photography.
Original Electronic Light Table (ELT)
Modern Day ELT
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IMINT Collection Cycle
Task – Request that the satellite, air platform (manned/UAV), ground system collect data at a given time, at a given location, and given certain parameters.
Acquire – Data has to be transmitted wirelessly, via network, or by hand to the end user.
Process – Prepare the imagery for viewing; or exploit the imagery automatically to produce another product for viewing (map, annotated image).
Disseminate – Publish data to a website, send to news services, first responders, or public officials.
T.P.E.D. Cycle: Task, Process, Exploit, Disseminate
But for your purposes T.A.P.D.:
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Commercial Imagery Satellites
FormoSat-2 Spot Image 2m B&W
QuickbirdDigitalGlobe61cm B&W
WorldView-1DigitalGlobe50cm B&W
Ikonos GeoEye 1m B&W
Tradeoff Between Swath Width and Resolution“Soda Straw” Effect
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Quickbird Imagery Overview
Quickbird
Panchromatic (Single Band) Black and White
VERY High Resolution (Half Meter)
Good for visual representation
Multispectral Color High
Resolution (Several Meters)
Good for scientific analysis
Panchromatic Multispectral
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Quickbird Multispectral Tutorial
Quickbird Multispectral “Cube”
Red (R)
Green (G)
Blue (B)
Near Infrared (NIR)
Four Images
Used for Scientific Analysis
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IMINT & GEOINT
For the Maritime Domain
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“The heart of the Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) program is accurate information, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance of all vessels, cargo, and people extending well beyond our traditional maritime boundaries.”
National Plan to Achieve Maritime Domain Awareness for The National Strategy for Maritime Security
October 2005
IMINT for Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA)Port/Coastal Security
President BushJanuary 20, 2003
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SSC San Diego Automated Ship Detection Algorithms
Solution: The SSC San Diego Ship Detection Algorithms
quickly and accurately locates ships in EO/IR satellite commercial imagery.
Problem: Searching for a particular ship in satellite imagery is a difficult
and time consuming task for the image analyst.
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Output Type #1 – Shapefile Overlay
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Output Type #1 – Shapefile Overlay
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Output Type #1 – Shapefile Overlay
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Output Type #1 – Shapefile Overlay
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Output Type #1 – Shapefile Overlay
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Output Type #2 - HTML “Tip Sheet”
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Output Type #2 - HTML “Tip Sheet”
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Output Type #3 - KML Google Earth Output
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Output Type #3 - KML Google Earth Output
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Output Type #3 - KML Google Earth Output
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Output Type #3 - KML Google Earth Output
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Output Type #3 - KML Google Earth Output
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Non Overhead ImageryMaritime Domain
Before Video Enhancement – Foggy Port After Video Enhancement – Foggy Port
Automated Ship Detection
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GEOINT for MDA(a.k.a. Data Fusion)
Video Data
Overhead Imagery
Other Data Sources
AIS Information
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IMINT & GEOINT
During the San Diego Wildfires
2007
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What You Saw in the News
Small Map, Big Dots
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What You Saw in the News
Small Map, Hand Drawn Areas
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What You Saw in the News
What Does This Satellite Imagery Tell Us? NASA MODIS Imagery -- ~1km resolution
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What You Saw in the News
What’s the problem with all
these maps?
Poor Resolution!! Old Data!!
Where’s my house??
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What You Should Have Seen
What do we need for emergency response during fire, floods, or
other disasters?High Resolution Imagery with Disaster Areas
Mapped to Google Earth
SPAWAR Fire Map Created with Quickbird Multispectral Imagery and Overlaid on Google Earth
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Why are High Resolution Maps Important?GEOINT: Situational Awareness
Schools
Houses
Major Road
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How Did We Make Those Maps?
Quickbird Multispectral Image
Red (R)
Green (G)
Blue (B)
Near Infrared (NIR)
Four Images
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How Did We Make Those Maps?
Quickbird (R,G,B) Image of San Diego Fire Area
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How Did We Make Those Maps?
Quickbird Image Footprint
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How Did We Make Those Maps?
R, G, B Bands of Imagery NIR Band of Imagery
Here’s the fire…
Using Image Processing Algorithms…
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How Can We Do This in the Future?
• Timely imagery collection (either satellite or from an air-breather)
• Computer image processing algorithms that can build a map 10-100x faster than a human can
• Fast and easy dissemination of map-product (several KB map overlay) to the news, public, and first responders
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Non Overhead ImageryFire Detection and Monitoring
What Was Seen With the Naked Eye During the San Diego Fires
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Non Overhead ImageryFire Detection and Monitoring
What Was Seen Using Infrared Cameras and Some Image
Processing
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Summary of GEOINT
• GEOINT is a relevant to law enforcement and first responders
• Assists with first responders doing their job, and provides public with information
• Various types of data sources can be used in GEOINT• Overhead Satellite/UAV Imagery
• Non Overhead Video/Still Imagery
• AIS/GPS Data
• Other data sources
• Often times requires some data processing before being displayed
• Provides situational awareness
• Is understood by the general public (think Google Earth)
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Questions?