UNCTADEnterprise Development Branch

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Mission Statement

• To assist enterprises to realize their trade and investment opportunities.

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How the Mission is accomplished….

• By building institutional capacity at the country level so that developing countries can assist their enterprises to survive and compete in the global economy.

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Activities

• Engages in research on best practices• Promotes inter-governmental consensus on

policies and programmes• Assures policy coherence at the national and

international levels• Undertakes technical cooperation activities

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Organigram of the Branch

Enterprise Development

Enterprise Policies

Enterprise Capacity Building

Financial Services & Governance

Policy coherence

National Strategies

Accounting / Reporting

Corporate Governance

Special Projects

EMPRETEC

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Enterprise Policies - National strategies• Identification of effective private sector development strategies

– Public-private sector dialogue : building awareness/commitment/partnership.

• Business development services– One stop shop (EMPRETEC)– Networking / South-South cooperation– Disadvantaged entrepreneurs : Women, Rural

• Financing SMEs– Obstacles to commercial bank lending– Implementing Monterrey Consensus– Combining business & financial services

• Technology transfer for SMEs– Financing technology– Acquiring technology via interfirm cooperation

• Business linkages• Clustering

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Enterprise Policies - Policy coherence

• Interface between national strategies and WTO, IMF, BIS requirements

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EMPRETEC• Purpose : Contribute to the development of a

dynamic private sector• 5 Stages: Formal request, Consensus with the

Government, Initial implementation of ENC, Final implementation of ENC, Project Maturity-ENC

• Map of countries where EMPRETEC installed• Products & Services• South-South Cooperation• Impacts

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EMPRETEC Installation phases• Phase I Formal request for an Empretec project and

initial discussions;• Phase II Programming mission, assessment of national

SME sector, consensus with Government, identification of counterpart, drafting of project document;

• Phase IIIRecruitment of staff, including the director, establishment of Advisory Board, initial core activities;

• Phase IV Operationalization of full project, putting in place basic training and services, certification

of local trainers, setting up a national association of participants;

• Phase V Maturity of project, offering customized training and other services, progress toward financial self-sustainability, establishing of legal entity (e.g. foundation, association).

Operational Empretec Centers

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EMPRETECProducts & Services

• Entrepreneurship Training Workshop (ETW)

• Intrapreneurship

• Agrotech

• Iniciativa

• PROEX

• Financial services

• Business linkages

• Women entrepreneurs

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South-South cooperation• Brazil Angola, Guyana, Jordan, Mozambique, Romania,

Palestinian Territory (core activities)

• Chile Argentina (Business Plan training)

• Colombia Argentina, Chile, Venezuela (Agrotech)

• Ethiopia & Zimbabwe Uganda (core activities)

• Ghana Enterprise Africa (core activities)

• Ghana Ethiopia, Guyana (ETW)

• Uruguay El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama (core activities)

• Uruguay Argentina, Panama (PROEX)

• Uruguay El Salvador, Ethiopia, Morocco,Zimbabwe (Iniciativa)

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Empretec impact via MED2000

Country Programme start year

No.of ETWs

No.of Participants

Ethiopia 1999 20 477

Jordan 2001 2 40

Morocco 1998 10 150

Palestinian Territory

2001 1 29

Uganda 1999 8 212

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EMPRETEC in Latin America(cumulative figures until Feb 2003)

Country Year Phase ETW Participants Trainers

Argentina 1989 V 49 1,057 6

Brazil 1992 V 2,244 56,380 200

Chile 1990 V 63 1,560 3

Colombia 1996 V 25 730 3

El Salvador 2000 IV 38 855 4

Guatemala 2001 III 7 156 3

Panama 2000 IV 21 459 11

Uruguay 1989 V 73 1,603 9

Venezuela 1993 V 37 960 5

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EMPRETEC in Africa (cumulative figures until Feb 2003)

Country Year Phase ETW Participants Trainers

Ethiopia 1999 V 20 477 15

Ghana 1990 V 44 938 10

Morocco 1998 IV 10 150 5

Mozambique

2000 IV 11 225 4

Senegal 2001 III 2 60 2

Uganda 1999 IV 8 212 15

Zimbabwe 1992 V 68 1477 24

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EMPRETEC in other parts of the world (cumulative figures until Feb 2003)

Country Year Phase ETW Participants Trainers

Jordan 2001 III 2 40 4

Palestinian Territory

2001 III 1 29 4

Romania 2002 IV 4 120 6

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Special Projects

• Business linkages• Women entrepreneurs• Corporate social responsibility

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Financial Services & Governance

• ECOSOC mandate

• Bangkok mandate

• ISAR (members)

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ECOSOC mandate• Concerned about the lack of adequate disclosure, reliability

and comparability of financial reports by TNCs:

– July 1972, convoked a “group of high-ranking independent experts” or the group of “Eminent Persons”

• In July 1975 the Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (GEISAR) was established

• Based on the Recommendations of the predecessor ad hoc expert group, ECOSOC, established the Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR) as a standing expert group.

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ISAR mandate make a positive contribution to standard-setting at the

national and regional level take appropriate action to ensure the comparability of

disclosure by transnational corporations

• serve as an international body for the consideration of issues of accounting and reporting

• review developments in the field of international accounting and reporting; including the work of standard-setting bodies

• concentrate on establishing priorities (of work) taking into account the needs of home and host countries, particularly those of developing countries.

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Bangkok mandate• As per Bangkok Plan of Action (2000) paragraph

122,

– UNCTAD should promote increased transparency and financial disclosure by encouraging the use of internationally recognized accounting, reporting and auditing standards and improved corporate governance. UNCTAD should develop appropriate technical cooperation programmes in this field.

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ISAR membershipRegion No. Of seats Vacancies

Africa 9 1

Asia 7 1

Latin America and Caribbean

6 4

Eastern Europe 3 1

Western Europe and other regions

9 6

Total 34 13

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Main areas of work of ISAR

• Transparency/accountability/comparability

• Accounting by SMEs

• Corporate governance / Disclosures

• Corporate social responsibilityEnvironmental accounting & reportingSocial accounting & reporting

• Capacity buildingGuidelines on professional qualificationsRole and responsibility of auditors