under-tile · this publication examines waterproofing elements made with products of small...

1UNDER-TILETechnical specifications

7

Discontinuous roofing is very widespread in residential building. The waterproofing element, in this type of construction, guarantees impermeability only for certain minimum values of pitch and consists of a set of products which can be of large, medium or small dimensions.This publication examines waterproofing elements made with products of small dimensions such as: clay tiles, both flat and curved (half-round), concrete tiles, bitumi-nous tiles, natural stone. We will consider roofs with habitable roofspace, thermally insulated on the pitch (mansard roofs) and roofs with non-habitable roofspace, venti-lated with or without insulation on the slab. The minimum pitch of the roof is generally determined by the shape of the tiles and the climatic situation in the geographical area where the building is located. Until the roofspace started being treated as habitable, the concept of waterproofing in these roofs was always very relative, but later when this space started to be used, the need for waterproofing became increasingly important. In the case of refurbishment in areas subject to control by the Department of Listed Buildings, it has often been compulsory to use the same old type of tile whose seal had already shown itself to be unsatisfactory. It has become increasingly common, in addition, to apply types of thermal insulation under the tiles which lose their insulating properties if they get wet. There are innumerable causes of water penetration, even without the occurrence of damage or changes to the individual elements: just a strong wind combined with rain can be sufficient to cause moisture to pass through. To resolve these problems, INDEX S.p.A. has developed MINERAL TESTUDO, a waterproof membrane in bitumen-polymer reinforced with continuous filament non-woven polyester fabric, with an Agrément ITC-certified non-slip upper surface to which cement mortar can adhere to form fillets for bedding the tiles, and a thermal insulation on rolls, THERMOBASE TEGOLA, consisting of strips of oriented fibre rock wool, or of expanded polystyrene or expanded polyurethane protected by a membrane as above.The object of this publication is to offer technicians a range of complete systems for waterproofing and insulation, and some suggestions for carrying out the ancillary works and the most common details. The proposed systems constitute continuous waterproofing which is capable of ensuring that the roof is watertight even if the tiles undergo considerable damage or displacement. In this new edition we suggest some new, safer laying systems, based on the use of the innovative vapour barrier membranes PROMINENT and TECTENE BV STRIP which eliminate the use of molten bitumen for bonding the thermal insulation, thus reducing both the risk of burns caused by spillage (which easily happens) from buckets containing the bitumen on the sloping roof, and the smoke, smell and fire risk arising from the use of a boiler to heat the oxidised bitumen.

Waterproofing and thermal insulation of concrete and timber roofs with flame-applied distilled bitumen polymer membranes

1a LINEA2a DIVISIONE1a DIVISIONE

“GBC Italia” Associated

UNDER-TILE

Technical specification

2 UNDER-TILE Technical specifications

PROBLEMSSo, waterproofing under discontinuous roofing?When is it necessary? Normal practice says: on shallow pitches, i.e. below 35-40% (18-22°).But normal practice is not infallible, especially when the materials are not perfect: for example, sheets or tiles with defective waterproofing may turn out to be too permeable to water.Or when the ill-effects are the result of:• errors in constructing the support for the roof-

covering (e.g. incorrectly-spaced battens, a skewed or irregular substructure or exces-sively shallow pitch etc.);

• errors in laying the products (for example insufficient overlap for the pitch of the roof);

• dimensional defects in the products (such as excessive tolerances, burrs at the joints etc.).

Other water leakage problems can arise from:• physical problems;• aerodynamic problems;• infiltration due to gravity;• infiltration by the principle of communicating vessels (water finding its own level);• infiltration due to capillarity;• infiltration due to depression.

PHYSICAL PROBLEMSWalking on the roof, especially on wet terracot-ta, is one of the most frequent causes of break-age and consequent leakage (a visit by a care-less aerial fitter is just one possible example).

Nesting by certain species of birds under tiles whose shape allows it, can displace and lift the roof tiles.

Flaking tiles. Depending on the mix, some types of tile can contain cavities in the clay body after firing. Moisture can penetrate the surface and condense. A drop in temperature then freezes the water, expanding it and causing the clay to spall.

AERODYNAMIC PROBLEMSIn the event of particularly strong winds, water pen-etration can occur through existing fissures, ag-gravated to a greater or lesser extent by the wind.

INFILTRATION DUE TO GRAVITYA few tiles incorrectly laid, or displaced by foot traffic, the wind etc., and therefore with raised edges or corners, can facilitate water penetra-tion due to gravity.

INFILTRATION BY THE PRINCIPLE OF COMMUNICATING VESSELSIn the case of persistent rain, it is possible for a constant depth of water to be created at the overlaps of discontinuous elements, resulting in the above-mentioned phenomenon of water finding its own level.

INFILTRATION DUE TO CAPILLARITYWith tiles properly aligned along the overlap lines, there is the possibility of the phenomenon of water rising due to capillarity.

INFILTRATION DUE TO DEPRESSIONThis phenomenon is particularly exacerbated by the condition of the soffit, for example: open-ings in the sides of the roofspace, ventilation openings etc. which favour the occurrence of low internal pressure.

All these phenomena are in some way con-nected with the wind. Laboratory tests carried out on roof-coverings of terracotta tiles have, however led to the conclusion that, contrary to the impression given at first sight, the speed of the wind makes little difference.In fact, with wind speeds of 30-60 kilometres an hour it is always possible to have sufficient dif-ference in pressure between the inside and the outside to cause considerable water penetra-tion, because the pressure difference is spread over the whole of the pitches concerned.

INTRODUCTION

pioggia

vento

infiltrazione

sovrapressione depressione

acqua

vento

sovrapressione

depressione

acqua

acqua


LARGE THICKNESS WELDED UNDER-TILE MEMBRANESIn mountainous areas or areas with a cold climate liable to heavy falls of snow, the use of thin sheets laid so as to simply overlap may provide insufficient protection when an accumulation of snow or ice builds up even in the airspace under the tiles.In such cases the water which runs off the tiles as the overlying layer of snow melts can find a fur-ther obstacle to drainage in the airspace under the tiles, and leak through the overlaps between thin unwelded sheets under the tiles.In this case only proper continuous waterproofing can guarantee that the roof will be watertight.

DURABLE UNDER-TILE PROTECTIONOnly waterproofing with large thickness welded membranes gives absolute certainty of a lasting result, because the perfect seal at the overlaps is combined with a high degree of durability even if exposed directly to the outside in the event of damage to the tiles.This means that maintenance work to the tiles can be postponed without any fear of a reduction in the roof's water-resistance.

Starting from the experimental hypothesis of two spaces at different pressures, sepa-rated by a tiled pitch with trickling water and driving rain, a number of tile manufacturers in collaboration with the National Research Council have carried out strict performance tests on discontinuous roofing: for a given flow of water and for each pitch tested, they measured the critical values for air depres-sion which gave rise to water penetration.Infiltration was found to be of two types:• The first is penetration which appears at

a localised point in the roof while leaks are not observed at other points, even if depression values are slightly increased. It remains, however, a single leak at a single point.

• The second is what can be called "general" infiltration which appears when, as depres-sion continues to increase, at a certain mo-ment water penetration begins to appear almost simultaneously at several points.

It was established that localised infiltration at one point is often due to a gross defect in a product (e.g. a broken or distorted tile).In the case of "general" leakages, however, these correspond broadly speaking to the limit of water resistance of the tiles relative to a particular pitch.Continuing with the analysis of the negative factors which can influence meteoric water penetration, we come to the combined ac-tion of SNOW and ICE.

If there is no proper thermal insulation where the snow stays on the roofs a long time, the heat rising from the rooms below causes rapid melting of the bottom of snow covering.The resulting water trickles towards the cold-est parts of the roof, such as the gutter cor-nice, then freezes, and can later create an obstacle to the escape of the water which, having no easy route into the gutters, infil-trates between the tiles.It is easy to see, therefore, how vital it is to insulate the roof in order to prevent an oc-currence of this kind:it is not just a matter of creating a more com-fortable environment or even saving energy.Finally, it should not be forgotten that there are other possible causes of leakage, such as for example the growth of moss on the outside of the tiles: it normally settles in the valleys in a tiled roof, where it can raise the runoff level and thus facilitate backflow.

acqua

aria calda

neve

ghiaccio

1

Thin sheet under the tiles

Thick membrane

Thick membrane

Snow/ice

Snow/ice

Ice

Ice

Water

Water

Damaged tiles


VENTILATED AND UNVENTILATED ROOF (cold roof and warm roof)The definition in UNI 8627 of a ventilated roof, also called a "cold roof" is the functional scheme of a roof-covering provided with a ventilation layer, meaning the ventilation which controls the thermohygrometric behaviour of the layers and can thus reduce the concentration of water vapour cross-ing these layers.An unventilated roof, on the other hand, also known as a "warm roof", is defined as a functional scheme which does not provide ventilation.Both systems may or may not be provided with an insulation element for controlling heat transmission. The use of insulation is imperative in the case of timber roofs, but broadly speaking in the field of housing with tiled pitched roofs, which is the subject of this publication, it can be said that the tendency towards increasingly advanced energy conservation makes the use of a layer of thermal insulation obligatory.Theoretically, either system can be used, both for concrete and timber roofs (which are dealt with in the present discussion). In practice this type of construction is found only in roofs with non-habitable roofspace, where in both timber and solid or hollow-core concrete it is convenient to locate the insulation on top of the last horizontal slab which will be ventilated by the variable-section airspace constituted by the uninhabited roofspace. In the case of an inhabited roofspace, however, the solutions are different, and with a concrete roof structure, which already has a high thermal iner-tia, for obvious constructional reasons among others the commonest type of roof is insulated and unventilated. In the case of timber roof structures, which have a low mass-to-area ratio combined with high sensitivity to degradation caused by moisture build-up, the most convenient and com-monest system is to ventilate the insulated roofspace with a thin constant-section airspace.

The subject of tiled roofs also requires further clarification regarding the ventilation layer, by which we mean the airspace between the thermal insulation and any continuous layer, and could be described as primary ventilation which affects the roof's thermohygrometric behaviour (not to be confused with under-tile ven-tilation (between the tiles and any continuous layer), which may be described as secondary and has the function of keeping the tiles dry to reduce problems connected with their vulnerability to frost damage.

The tables below give the recommended sizing for ventilation to a cold (ventilated) roof and for secondary under-tile ventilation.

VENTILATION TO A COLD ROOF

The function of this ventilation is to control water vapour migrating from inside the building, preventing high concentrations being reached which could give rise to condensation whether or not the roof is insulated.It is necessary whether the ventilation layer consists of the variable-section uninhabited roofspace or of a thin continuous airspace of constant depth, defined as air-curtain ventilation.The need for air changes is less if the thermal insulation is protected by a vapour barrier or screen.Ventilation is provided by air vents properly split between the bottom and the top of the roof, generally at the ridge.

10 cm

≥10 cmS1 S2

S (cm2)

A

A = superficiedel sottotetto (cm2)S = S1+S2S = A/500

≥10 cmS1 S2

S (cm2)

V

S = S1+S2

V = volume del sottotetto (m3)

S = A/100 (cm2)

Minimum height of air intake

Cross-section of ventilation of small and/or shallow pitched roofs

Ventilation cross-section of large roofs

SIZING OF PRIMARY VENTILATION TO AN UNINHABITED ROOFSPACE WITH SOLID OR HOLLOW CORE CONCRETE ROOF STRUCTURE COVERED WITH AN UNDER-TILE MEMBRANEIn the case of concrete roofs, variable section ventilation is the predomi-nant type, and ventilation openings should be evenly distributed in the lowest and highest part of the roof.Air intakes should be positioned at the lowest point, at the eaves at least 10 cm from the plane of the slab, while the outlets should be positioned high up, at the ridge or in any event at a level higher than the level of the air intakes.Normally, for a shallow pitch roof with small ventilation spaces, the speci-fied ventilation cross-section is 1/500mo of the surface of the roof, while for large surfaces intake and outlet cross sections of 100 cm2 per m3 volume of the roofspace to be ventilated should be used.

Concrete Timber

Uninhabited roofspace

- Ventilated -

Inhabited roofspace

- Non-ventilated -

A

ROOF TYPE

Inhabited roofspace

- Ventilated -

TABLE

B

C

D

E

tablecase A

Primary ventilation

Under-tile ventilation

Thermal insulation

Continuous layer

Tiles


SIZING OF PRIMARY VENTILATION TO AN UNINHABITED ROOFSPACE WITH TIMBER ROOF STRUCTURE COVERED WITH AN UNDER-TILE MEMBRANEIn the case of roofs with uninhabited roofspace, the total cross section of the ventilation for thermal insulation scaled to the sur-face area of roof on plan is summarised in the following table, derived from the DTU43.4 French standards for timber roofs that we believe may also be assumed for mixed timber/concrete roofs.

VENTILATION OF UNINHABITED ROOF SPACE

with vapour barrier

without vapour barrier

1/2500 1/500 1/1.200 1/250 1/1.000 -SR

SR= Total cross-section of the ventilation apertures (intake+outlet) with respect to the surface area of the roof on plan

Q = Quantity of vapour produced in an hour inside the premises in g/h

n = Hourly air change rate in m3/h

Rooms with low humidityQn

≤ 2.5 g/m3

Rooms with medium humidity

Rooms with high humidity

Qn

≤ 5 g/m32.5 g/m3 <Qn

≤ 7.5 g/m35 g/m3 <

s1+s2= Air intakes

s3= Air outlet

A = Area of the roof on plan

Note.

Gli ambienti con umidità

Rooms with humidity may be returned to lower humidity by providing appropriate internal ventilation of the humid areas.

Qn

≥ 7.5 g/m3

s1 +s2 +s3A

SR =

s1 s2

s3

A

with vapour barrier


with vapour barrier


SIZING OF PRIMARY AIR-CURTAIN VENTILATION TO AN INHABITED ROOFSPACE WITH TIMBER ROOF STRUCTURE COVERED WITH AN UNDER-TILE MEMBRANEVentilation of a cold roof with a thin constant-section airspace is generally confined to roofs consisting of a double layer of boarding, separated by a relatively small ventilation space, over inhabited rooms.It is increasingly common to use a mixed system, where the air-space separates a concrete slab from a layer of timber boarding which is constructed over it.In this case, too, the ventilation openings can be calculated in relation to the area of the roof, with the difference that in this case it is not the area on plan that is used but the area of the pitch of the sloping roof itself.To facilitate use in the case of air-curtain ventilation it was consid-ered preferable draw up a table which for a given length of pitch gives the ventilation area for each linear metre of eaves or ridge.The table below, which conforms to the recommendations of the French standard DTU43.4, is useful for sizing the depth of the air-space and for the cross-section area of the air intakes and outlets.

4,00 cm2 20.00 cm2 8.33 cm2 40.00 cm2 10.00 cm2 -SE+I

6 cm 6 cm 6 cm 6 cm 6 cm -≤10 m

6 cm 6 cm 6 cm 10 cm 6 cm -≤15 m

ExampleFor a roof with a pitch 8 m in length over a room with low humidity where a vapour barrier is not required, it should be:

SE+I = 20,00 × 8 = 160 cm2

to be divided equally between intakes and outlets.

In the case of a double-pitch roof with the same characteristics it should be:

SE+I = 20,00 × 8 × 2 = 320 cm2

s1 s2

s3

A

AIR-CURTAIN VENTILATION

with vapour barrier


SE+I = Total section of the ventilation openings (intakes+outlets) per linear metre of pitch to be divided equally by linear metre of eaves and ridge

Note. In the case of pitches longer than 15 m the ventilation openings must be divided along lines spaced a maximum of 15 m apart

Rooms with low humidityQn

≤ 2.5 g/m3

Rooms with medium humidity

Rooms with high humidity

Qn

≤ 5 g/m32.5 g/m3 <Qn

≤ 7.5 g/m35 g/m3 <

with vapour barrier


with vapour barrier


A

8 m

80 cm2

80 cm2

Depth of airspace in relation to length of pitch

80 cm2 80 cm 2

8 m8 m

160 cm2

tablecase C table

case E


SIZING OF SECONDARY UNDER-TILE VENTILATIONPreviously, the mechanism of under-tile ventila-tion was left up to the thermal draught generat-ed by the difference in level between the air in-takes and outlets, together with the increase in temperature created in the airspace by the heat flow from the building. With the introduction of increasingly efficient insulation, these forces have become negligible, and currently in mod-ern building ventilation is provided principally by the effect of the wind on the building. This is now considered the only force to be taken into account in a technical approach to an operating model (French Scientific and Technical Centre for Building [CSTB] Notebook 1926, May 1984).The numerous tests conducted by the CSTB and other European organisations have led the French institution to lay down minimum rules regulating the under-tile ventilation airspace and the cross-section of the air openings, tak-ing into account the contribution to the ventila-tion made by the various types of tile which are summarised in the table below.

Thermal insulation in pitched roofs covered with tiles can be of various kinds and, thermal con-ductivity apart, its position in the series of layers demands different treatments.

THERMAL INSULATION OF AN UNINHABITED ROOFSPACE WITH TIMBER SUBSTRUCTURE AND CONCRETE SUBSTRUCTUREAs has already been mentioned in previous chapters, in this case it is advantageous to lo-cate the insulation on top of the last horizontal slab, both to avoid pointlessly heating the unin-habited space, and in order to cover a smaller area with insulation.The insulation to an uninhabited roofspace is not subject to particular loads or thermal stresses and should simply rest on the slab without any mechanical fixing. Loose mate-rial can therefore be used, such as expanded perlite or expanded clay, or low-density mineral fibre wadding, or low-density polystyrene or polyurethane panels.

THERMAL INSULATION OF A TIMBER ROOF VENTILATED BY AIR CURTAIN OVER AN INHABITED ROOFSPACEGiven the pitch of the substructure, loose ma-terials cannot be used, and even though in this case the thermal insulation is not subject to permanent loads, it must be taken into account that the insulation must be more substantial to allow easy laying and as high a thermal capac-ity as possible.The acoustic properties of the insulation must also be taken into account, and last but not least its fire resistance. For all these reasons, mineral wools with a density not less than 70 Kg/m2 will be preferable.

THERMAL INSULATION

tablecase Atablecase C

tablecase Btablecase D

tablecase E

S1= Total cross-section of the ventilation orifices

se= Cross section of intakes

su= Cross section of outlets

A = Surface area of tiles to be ventilated

se +suA

S1 =

Half round Flat terracotta tiles and concrete tiles

Percentage contribution of the different types to roofspace S1

ventilation

SlateTILE TYPES

Section of the ventilation openings S1 (1/2 intakes se + 1/2 outlets su) of the airspace between the under-tile membrane and the tiles, in relation

to the area “A” of the tiles to be ventilated

Minimum depth E2 of the airspace between the tiles and the under-tile

membrane

100%

S1 = 0(not necessary)

E2 ≥ 2 cm

60%

S1 = 1/5.000

E2 ≥ 2 cm

40%

S1 = 1/3.000

E2 ≥ 2 cm

se

A

su

E2 ≥ 2 cm

THERMOBASE TEGOLAwith overlap fin

THERMOBASE TEGOLAwith two selvedges

THERMAL INSULATION OF AN UNVENTILATED CONCRETE ROOF AND TIMBER ROOF OVER AN INHABITED ROOFSPACEThis is a case where superior properties of mechanical strength are demanded of the insulation, both at the laying stage, when the insulation must be able to support the site traffic and any nailing, and in operation, when in cases where the tiles are laid directly, it must be able to bear the permanent weight without being crushed.For this type of roof, INDEX has designed a range of insulating materials, called TERMOBASE TEGOLA, with high thermal and mechanical properties, which do not crush and which reduce the laying operation because they are already combined with an under-tile membrane faced with slate chips, a far from negligible characteristic given the awkward operating conditions due to the slope of the roof.There are two versions:• incorporating an overlap strip and a band at the opposite edge free from slate chips, where the mem-

brane attached to the insulating battens overlaps at the edge by 8 cm, to suit laying tiles on mortar fillets.• without overlap strip and with two bands free from slate chips (supplied on request), where wa-

terproofing continuity is obtained with strips of membrane welded over the abutting edges, to suit laying tiles on battens.


THE VAPOUR BARRIER IN AN INSULATED COLD ROOFWITH AIR-CURTAIN VENTILATION OVER A TIMBER ROOF STRUCTURE WITH INHABITED ROOFSPACETo reduce the ventilation requirement, it is advisa-ble to protect the thermal insulation with a vapour barrier located on the warm side of the insulation.In the case of a roof with double timber boarding and ventilated airspace, the vapour barrier should be positioned on the first layer of boarding, on which the thermal insulation will rest.The insulation can consist, in the case of roofs over rooms which produce little water vapour, of the membrane ROLLBASE POLIESTERE/V, laid dry on the boarding and at right angles to the direction of maximum pitch, fixed mechanically every 10-15 cm with 10 mm broad-headed nails or metal staples positioned under the 8-10 cm longitudinal overlap. The battens which will subsequently be fixed to support the second layer of boarding will be sufficient for keeping the vapour barrier in place.In the case of roofs over rooms with medium to high humidity levels, however, it will be necessary

to torch-bond onto the ROLLBASE the vapour barrier membrane DEFEND V3 or an equivalent with a 60 micron aluminium foil insert of type DEFEND ALU/V, an elastoplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer membrane, thickness 3 mm, re-inforced with glass fibre and aluminium foil with a vapour permeability (EN 1931) of µ≥∞ (practically an absolute barrier).In this case ROLLBASE POLIESTERE/V should be mechanically fixed as indicated for the prepa-ration for the upper layer of boarding.

WITH VARIABLE--SECTION AIRSPACE OVER TIMBER OR CONCRETE ROOF STRUCTURE WITH UNINHABITED ROOFSPACEMany insulating materials designed for insulating the uninhabited roofspace already have a vapour barrier incorporated; in cases where they do not have one it can be effective to lay a sheet of poly-thene 0.2 mm in thickness, laid dry on the slab with overlaps of 20 cm, before laying the insulat-ing panels or wadding.

tablecase E

tablecase Btablecase D

VAPOUR BARRIER IN A TIMBER OR CONCRETE WARM ROOF WITH INHABITED ROOFSPACEIn this case the roof consists of adjacent layers: vapour barrier, thermal insulation and under-tile membrane are bonded to each other and the whole series of layers is bonded to the sloping pitch. As mentioned in the introduction, the lack of ventilation requires the use of a vapour barrier with a superior seal and welded joints, and the insula-tion thickness should be sized so as to ensure that condensation does not form in the layers. The tables below illustrate the various possible so-

lutions and provide for both standard membranes with smooth faces, onto which the insulation must then be mechanically fixed or hot-bonded with melted oxidised bitumen, and the innovative mul-tifunctional INDEX vapour barrier membranes: PROMINENT and TECTENE BV STRIP EP with their upper face covered respectively with bosses or strips of a special bituminous compound which becomes adhesive by flame-vulcanisation, onto which the panels of thermal insulation can be te-naciously and durably bonded, thus avoiding the dangerous operations of spreading the melted bitumen, made even more hazardous by the slope of the roof.

THE VAPOUR BARRIER

The increasing use of thermal insulation, con-tinual improvement in the airseal of doors and windows, the use of insulating glazing units etc. are factors which contribute to exacerbating condensation in buildings situated in regions with a cold climate with prolonged periods in winter requiring the use of heating. In winter the partial pressure of the water vapour contained inside heated rooms is higher than that outside, and for this reason the vapour tends to migrate from the inside towards the outside to balance the difference in pressure, finding its way into pores in walls and ceilings. Generally, building materials and almost all kinds of thermal insu-lation are easily crossed by vapour. In correct thermohygrometric conditions, with the perim-eter of the space consisting of a series of layers with diffusion resistance gradually decreasing from the inside to the outside, vapour migration occurs freely without causing condensation.

THE VAPOUR BARRIER IN AN INSULATED WARM ROOFin warm roofs, the waterproof membrane is necessarily placed over the thermal insulation to form a seal against meteoric water, but as it has a high resistance to the passage of vapour, it prevents vapour diffusion to the outside. The vapour accumulates in the coldest area of the roof and condenses inside the insulation, which loses its insulating properties when wet. The unavoidably incorrect position of the waterproof membrane in the layers of the roof covering therefore necessitates the use of a further layer, resistant to the diffusion of water vapour and designated the "vapour barrier", positioned be-low the thermal insulation.In principle, the vapour barrier should have a higher resistance to the passage of vapour than that of the waterproof membrane covering the thermal insulation. it is for this reason that in warm roofs the sheets of vapour barrier must always be welded together, and in environments with a high level of humidity the membranes are also reinforced with barrier metallic foil which forms an absolute barrier to the passage of vapour.The use of a vapour barrier in a "cold roof" might at first sight appear less important, since it might be thought that the task of disposing of the water vapour which crosses the unpro-tected insulation is delegated to the primary insulation.It should be taken into consideration, however, that a roof with insulation lacking a vapour bar-rier needs more ventilation, which has a nega-tive effect on energy consumption and requires deeper ventilation airspaces and air intakes with a greater cross-section area, as may be seen from the sizing tables.The conclusion from the above is that the use of a vapour barrier is necessary both for ventilated and for unventilated roofs, with this difference, that for unventilated roofs, vapour barriers consisting of large thickness distilled bitumen polymer membranes with welded overlaps should always be used, whereas, in general, if the roof is ventilated, thin sheets with unwelded overlaps are sufficient and it will only be neces-sary to use a membrane with welded joints in environments with high humidity.

Vapour barrier on solid or hollow core concrete roof

On roofs over rooms with low and medium humidity

On roofs over rooms with high humidity

(≥80% at 20°C)

DEFEND - 3 mmtorch-bonded

DEFEND ALU - 3 mmtorch-bonded

PROMINENTtorch-bonded

PROMINENT ALUtorch-bonded

Traditional vapour barrier (1)

Vapour barrier with incorporated bonding of heat resistant insulation (2)

TECTENE BV STRIP EP/Vtorch-bonded

TECTENE BV STRIP EP ALU POLIESTERE

torch-bonded

Vapour barrier with incorporated bonding of heat sensitive insulation (2)

(fixing should be supplemented with battens parallel to the eaves line)

() = Under insulation bonded with molten oxidised bitumen or mechanically fixed() = Under insulation bonded by torch heating of the upper face of the vapour barrier

Vapour barrier on timber roof

• on boardingDEFEND - 3 mm

torch-bondedon ROLLBASE P/V nailed on

• on OSB and Plywood panelsDEFEND - 3 mm

torch-bonded

• on boardingDEFEND ALU - 3 mm

torch-bondedon ROLLBASE P/V nailed on

• on OSB and Plywood panelsDEFEND ALU POL. - 4 mm

torch-bonded

Traditional vapour barrier (applied with heat) (1)

AUTOTENE BASE HE/VCold application self-adhesive vapour barrier ()

• on boarding (dry)PROMINENT POLYESTERchiodato con sigillatura dei sormonti con SIGILSTIK

• on OSB and Plywood panelsPROMINENT/Vtorch-bonded

• on boardingPROMINENT ALU POL.

torch-bondedon ROLLBASE POL./V nailed on• on OSB and Plywood panels

PROMINENT ALU POL.torch-bonded

Vapour barrier with incorporated bonding of heat resistant insulation (2)

• on boarding (dry)TECTENE BV STRIP ALU POL.chiodato con sigillatura dei sormonti con SIGILSTIK

• on OSB and Plywood panelsTECTENE BV STRIP EP/V

torch-bonded

• on boardingTECTENE BV STRIP EP ALU POL.

torchbondedon ROLLBASE POL./V nailed on• on OSB and Plywood panelsTECTENE BV STRIP EP ALU POL.

torchbonded

Vapour barrier with incorporated bonding of heat-sensitive insulation (fixing should be supplemented with mechanical fastening of the insulation or with

battens parallel to the eaves line) ()

VAPOUR BARRIER ON WARM ROOF

tablecase Atablecase C


LAYING THERMOBASE ON MULTIFUNCTIONAL VAPOUR BARRIERS

Advantages of systems: • fire risk due to hot bitumen boiler is eliminated• no more burns• no more smoke• no more smell• risk-free bonding even on pitched roofs

TECTENE BV STRIP EP

Thermoadhesive strips

PROMINENT

Thermoadhesive bosses

SELFTENE BV HE DOUBLE-SIDED ADHESIVE

Self adhesive mix

SFTENE SELFTENE

SAFETY ON SITE WITH NEW INDEX MULTIFUNCTIONAL VAPOUR BARRIERSUsing of molten bitumen for bonding the thermal insulation on pitched roofs is a lay-ing system with a high risk of accidents. Bitumen cannot always be replaced with mechanical fixing which, in the case of a concrete roof structure is difficult to perform, and applying insulating panels on a tradi-tional thin vapour barrier by flame-vulcan-ising causes problems for the entire series of layers.Index has solved the problem with two new special vapour barrier membranes: one de-signed for bonding heat-resistant insulation, the other for bonding expanded polystyrene.The first is called PROMINENT POLIESTERE; the version with the higher resistance to the passage of water vapour is PROMINENT ALU POLIESTERE. The one designed for bonding polystyrene is the membrane TECTENE BV STRIP EP/V and the version TECTENE BV STRIP EP ALU POLIESTERE is the one with metallic foil which forms an impassable barrier to water vapour.

PROMINENT and TECTENE both eliminate the risk of spillage from buckets of molten bitumen, which can cause serious burns. They also eliminate the smoke, smells and fire risk caused by a boiler for melting oxi-dised bitumen.Both have their upper face scattered with thickened areas in the form of patches in the case of PROMINENT and in strips in the case of TECTENE, projecting from the face of the sheet. It is sufficient just to heat them with a flame to make them adhesive, so that they hold the insulating panels laid over them firmly in place, without smoke, smells or the risk of burns from melted bitumen. The site safety officer no longer has to take account of the burn hazard due to buck-ets of molten bitumen rolling down pitched roofs, nor of complaints from the neighbours about the smoke and smell coming from the boiler of oxidised bitumen.


LAYING THE TILES

The systems for laying tiles (flat and half-round) considered in this publication are the following:• laying directly on mortar fillets laid on a slate-

chip-faced waterproof membrane under the tiles • laying on mechanically fixed battens In the first case it is the climatic conditions, the geometry of the roof and local usage together with the tile manufacturer's instructions which must guide the choice of this type of applica-tion (in general for pitches ≤35%) and INDEX offers a range of products consisting either of tough and elastic membranes in the MINERAL series (plastomeric and elastoplastomeric: the MINERAL versions of the elastomeric range are not recommended) with the upper face covered with chips of slate bonded at high temperature, which give a good grip, durable over time, to the fillets of mortar used for bedding the tiles, or of the same membranes pre-bonded to various types of thermal insulation, resistant to com-pression, in the THERMOBASE TEGOLA series, which reduce laying times.In the case of laying the tiles on battens, which have been specified to ensure the durability of the tiled roof even in less favourable climatic situations, it will be necessary to provide cor-rectly-sized under-tile ventilation which has the function of ensuring that both the tiles and the battens will dry rapidly. This, too, will be achieved by means of an airspace with air vents at the bottom and at the highest point of the roof, running between the under-tile membrane and the discontinuous layer above.Here, too, INDEX recommends the same mate-rials with the upper side faced with slate chips (which in this case have an anti-slip function), to be laid with appropriate application procedures which will be explained below, aimed principally at ensuring a watertight seal even in proximity to the mechanical fixing for the battens where it crosses the membrane.Care must be taken to ensure that the nailing for the counterbatttens which crosses the water-proof membrane under the tiles does not also cross the thermal insulation, which is generally made of porous and absorbent materials that would not be able to guarantee a seal around the nail.Nailing must be done directly onto the support or onto a batten which is within the thickness of the insulation, so that any moisture infiltration will be insignificant.

LAYING THE TILES ON MORTAR FILLETS DIRECTLY ON A SLATE-CHIP FACED MEMBRANE (max permitted pitch ≤35%)When it is allowed by the tile manufacturers and permitted by local usage, the tile roof-covering may be bedded on mortar fillets laid directly on the membrane in lines parallel to the eaves line, interrupted with a short break approximately every 2 m to provide some under-tile ventilation, however minimal, and to allow any infiltrated water to drain.

LAYING THE TILES ON TIMBER BATTENSWhere the tiles are laid on battens, these must be nailed parallel to the eaves line on battens 20 mm deep by approx. 40 mm wide, previously mechanically fixed to the concrete substructure through the membrane and laid out along the line of maximum pitch at right angles to the eaves line so as to allow effective under-tile ventilation.• Under-batten sealing stripTo achieve a greater degree of water sealing, before laying the first row of battens at right an-gles to the eaves line, under each one of them use a propane torch to bond onto the under-tile membrane a strip of membrane at least 4 mm thick by 100 mm wide, onto which the batten will later be fixed. This consequently raises the level of the water seal of the line of nails with respect to the runoff plane of any water that has infiltrated under the tiles, by an amount equal to the thickness of the strip of membrane used.

• Over-batten sealing strip In order to ensure that nailing the battens does not admit water even in areas prone to heavy falls of snow, where standing water can occur under the tiles during a thaw, it is advisable to encapsulate the counter-batttens which de-termine the depth of the ventilation, with a strip 25 cm wide of membrane reinforced with polyester non-woven fabric, torch-bonded over them and returned and bonded to the under-tile membrane.In this case, to provide optimum enclosure of the batten, it should be suitably profiled to a trapezoidal section.Below are the measurements of the batten section recommended by the CSTB for roofs in mountainous areas:- minimum thickness: 2.7 cm- width at the base: 8 cm- width at the top: 5 cm

5 cm

8 cm

2.7 cm

Under-batten retention band

Over-batten sealing strip

Mortar fillets


SOLID AND HOLLOW-CORE CONCRETE ROOF STRUCTURES

PREPARATION OF THE SUBSTRUCTURE

The substructure should be smooth, clean and dry, with at least 14 days' seasoning.The whole surface to be covered should be treated with a coat of INDEVER adhesion prim-er, consisting of a bituminous solution of bitu-men and fast drying solvents with 40% dry residue and DIN/4 at 23°C (UNI EN ISO 2431) of 12 -17 s to be applied with coverage of 250 to 500 g/m2 depending on the roughness of the surface to be painted.

INDEVER

Concrete support


UNDER-TILE WATERPROOFING OF SOLID AND HOLLOW-CORE CONCRETE ROOF STRUCTURES

VENTILATED UNINHABITED ROOFSPACEA

The waterproof layer should consist of a waterproofing membrane of elastoplasto-meric distilled bitumen polymer membrane of type MINERAL TESTUDO SPUNBOND POLIESTERE 4.5 coated with slate chips, on a base of distilled bitumen, plastomers and elastomers, reinforced with Spunbond con-tinuous filament non-woven polyester fabric. The membrane should have a mass-to-ar-ea ratio (EN 1849-1) of 4.5 Kg/m2, L/T ten-sile strength (EN12311-1) of 750/600 N/50 mm, L/T elongation at break (EN 12311-1) of 50/50%, L/T nail tear strength (EN12310-1) of 140 N, cold bend (EN1109) of -15°C and flow resistance (EN1110) of 120°C.

The sheets of membrane, unrolled along the line of maximum pitch, must be torch-bonded to adhere completely to the substructure, overlapping by 10 cm in a longitudinal direc-tion and by 15 cm end-to-end.The overlaps, too, must be torch-welded and the membranes must be returned over the vertical parts by at least 20 cm above the wa-ter drainage plane.

UNDER-TILE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE

LAYING FLAT OR HALF-ROUND TILES

For laying the tiles, please refer to the instructions on page 9.

2. INDEVER

1. Concrete support

3. MINERAL TESTUDO

LAYERS1. Concrete support2. INDEVER3. MINERAL TESTUDO


WATERPROOFING AND THERMAL INSULATION OF SOLID AND HOLLOW-CORE CONCRETE ROOFS

UNVENTILATED INHABITED ROOF SPACEB1

PROMINENT MULTIFUNCTIONAL VAPOUR BARRIER INCORPORATING THERMOADHESIVE LAYER FOR FLAME-FIXING THE THERMAL INSULATIONOver the whole surface of the flat part, a vapour barrier should be continuously flame-bonded, consisting of a 4 kg/m2 elastoplastomeric dis-tilled bitumen polymer waterproofing mem-brane, 1.05 m wide, with its upper face em-bossed and strengthened with reinforced glass fibre such as PROMINENT/V. The tapered bosses, with a max ø of 18 mm and thickness 5±0.5 mm must cover approx. 40% of the surface and be distributed over a width of 0.93 m, leaving two overlap faces free, 0.06 m wide and 3±0.2 mm thick. The thickness of the plain part must be 2±0.2 mm and the membrane must have a wa-ter vapour permeability (EN 1931) of µ=100,000. The rolls of membrane must be spread along the line of maximum pitch and even the 6 cm wide longitudinal overlaps must be torch-weld-ed, while the ends of the sheets must be torch-bonded onto strips of DEFEND 3 mm thick and 14 cm wide, which have been previously bonded onto the substructure.

In the case of roofs over rooms with relative hu-midity ≥80% at 20°C, alternatively but with the same laying procedure, a vapour barrier should be applied, consisting of a 4 kg/m2 elastoplas-tomeric distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane 1.05 m wide, with its upper face em-bossed, reinforced with 12 micron aluminium foil attached to non-woven composite polyes-ter fabric stabilised with glass fibre, such as PROMINENT ALU POLIESTERE. The tapered bosses, with a max ø of 18 mm and thickness 5±0.5 mm must cover approx. 40% of the surface and be distributed over a width of 0.93 m, leaving two overlap faces free, 0.06 m wide and 3±0.2 mm thick. The thickness of the plain part must be 2.2±0.2 mm and the membrane must have a water vapour permeability (EN 1931) of µ≥∞ (practically an absolute barrier).The vapour barrier should be attached to the vertical parts to form a continuous layer, by torch-bonding a strip of thermoadhesive elas-toplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer water-proofing membrane, reinforced with nonwoven composite polymer fabric bonded to12 micron DEFEND ALU POLYESTER aluminium foil of

sufficient width to cover at least 10 cm of the flat surface and to be returned vertically to a height 5 cm greater than the thickness of the specified insulation.

VAPOUR BARRIER

Heat-resistant thermal insulation in rolls, attached to a distilled bitumen polymer membrane, bonded without the use of molten oxidised bitumen

2. INDEVER

4. THERMOBASE TEGOLA3. PROMINENT

LAYERS1. Concrete support2. INDEVER3. PROMINENT4. THERMOBASE

TEGOLA

1. Concrete support


THERMAL INSULATION AND UNDER-TILE WATERPROOF MEMBRANE

THERMAL INSULATION AND WATERPROOF MEMBRANE WITH THERMOBASE PUR 35Above the vapour ba r r i e r, o f t ype PROMINENT, waterproof thermal insula-tion in rolls should be torch-bonded of type THERMOBASE TEGOLA PUR/35, with CE marking complying with EN13165 and Euroclass F fire reaction complying with EN13501-1, coded with designation code PUR EN 13165-T2-DS(TH)2-CS(10/Y)100-TR40, which describes respectively its char-acteristics of dimensional stability (DS(TH)2), tensile strength (TR40) and compressive strength (CS(10/Y)100).The insulation should consist of self-extin-guishing polyurethane foam strips, 50 mm wide, with λ=0.030 W/mK, continuously laminated between two layers of glass fibre or between two sheets of bituminised felt paper which are continuously hot-bonded to a distilled bitumen polymer under-tile waterproofing membrane type P4.5 with its upper face consisting of anti-slip slate chips bonded at high temperature, reinforced with non-woven composite polyester fabric stabi-lised with glass fibre.The corresponding thermal resistances of the respective layers of insulation, chosen by means of a calculation made to avoid the

formation of condensate in the layers, must be as follows:

THERMAL INSULATION AND WATERPROOF MEMBRANE WITH THERMOBASE FR 150Above the vapour barrier of type PROMINENT, a waterproof thermal insulation supplied on a roll of type THERMOBASE TEGOLA should be torch-bonded, with CE marking complying with EN13162 and with Euroclass E fire reaction complying with EN13501-1 coded with designation code MW-EN 13162-T4-DS(TH)-CS(Y)140-WS-MU1 which describes respectively its characteristics of dimen-sional stability (DS(TH)), thickness tolerance (T4), compressive strength (CS(Y)140), water absorption (WS) and vapour diffusion factor (MU1).The insulation should consist of battens of oriented rock wool with λ=0.053 W/mK which are continu-ously hot-bonded to an distilled bitumen polymer under-tile waterproofing membrane type P 4.5 with its upper face consisting of anti-slip chips of

slate bonded at high temperature, reinforced with a non-woven composite polyester fabric stabilised with glass fibre.The corresponding thermal resistances of the re-spective layers of insulation, chosen by means of a calculation made to avoid the formation of conden-sate in the layers, must be as follows:

The rolls of thermal insulation should be unrolled starting from the ridge line. Heating the thermoad-hesive bosses covering the upper face of the va-pour barrier using a propane gas torch will activate the adhesive, and the roll of insulation pressed onto them will be perfectly bonded. Torch-welding should subsequently be applied to the overlaps and the joints with the vertical surfaces, where the membrane should be returned by at least 20 cm above the maximum water level. The return should consist of strips of a distilled bitumen polymer wa-terproofing membrane reinforced with non-woven polyester fabric.


LAYING TILES DIRECTLY ON MORTAR FILLETS ON THE SLATE-CHIP FACED MEMBRANEMaximum permitted pitch ≤35%In this case use the version of THERMOBASE TEGOLA with an overlap strip free of slate and incorporating an overlap flap projecting beyond the insulating battens which are 100 cm wide (see drawing B1).

LAYING THE TILES ON TIMBER BATTENSIn the event that the tiles are laid on battens, use the version of THERMOBASE TEGOLA with two overlap strips free of slate and without an overlap flap projecting from the panel.The rolls should be laid and torch-bonded as in the previous case and each course of thermal insulation should be alternated with a timber batten of the same thickness, at least 40 mm wide, mechanically fixed to the concrete sub-structure, positioned along the line of maximum pitch at right angles to the eaves line.• Under-batten sealing stripThe battens must then be covered by strips of membrane reinforced with non-woven polyes-ter fabric 20 cm wide, positioned astride the battens and torch-bonded to the membrane attached to the THERMOBASE, thus raising the height of the waterseal to the nail-holes.To avoid the spacing between the counter-battens supporting the tile battens becoming too great, provide "mid-span" battens of the same thickness, resting on the THERMOBASE and located at mid-point between the counter-battens.

• Over-batten sealing strip In this case it is possible to avoid attach-ing the connecting strips between the THERMOBASE elements described above and instead encapsulate the counterbattens

the trapezoidal counter-battens which determine the depth of the ventilation space, using a strip of membrane reinforced with non-woven polyester fabric 25 cm wide, torch-bonded over them and re-turned and bonded onto the under-tile membrane.

20 30

0,686 1,025Thermal

resistanceR(m2K/W)

40

1,362

50

1,695

60

2,029

Thickness

THERMOBASE PUR/35

30

0,566Thermal

resistanceR(m2K/W)

40

0,755

50

0,943

60

1,132

Thickness

THERMOBASE FR/150

5 cm

8 cm

2.7 cm

2. INDEVER

4. THERMOBASE TEGOLA

3. PROMINENT

5. “Mid-span" batten

Under-batten retention band

Over-batten sealing strip

THERMOBASE TEGOLAwith two selvedges

1. Concrete support



UNVENTILATED INHABITED ROOF SPACEB2

PROMINENT MULTIFUNCTIONAL VAPOUR BARRIER INCORPORATING THERMOADHESIVE LAYER FOR FLAME-FIXING THE THERMAL INSULATIONSu tutta la superficie della parte piana verrà incollata in totale aderenza a fiamma una bar-riera al vapore costituita da una membrana impermeabilizzante bitume distillato polimero elastoplastomerica di 4 kg/m2 larga 1,05 m, con faccia superiore bugnata e armata con feltro di vetro rinforzato tipo PROMINENT/V. Le bugne troncoconiche, con ø max di 18 mm e spessore 5±0,5 mm dovranno ricoprire il 40% ca. della superficie e saranno distribuite su di una larghezza di 0,93 m, lasciando libere due facce di sovrapposizione larghe 0,06 m e spesse 3±0,2 mm. The thickness of the plain part must be 2±0.2 mm and the membrane must have a water vapour permeability (EN 1931) of µ=100,000. The rolls of membrane must be spread along the line of maximum pitch and even the 6 cm wide longitudinal overlaps must be torch-welded, while the ends of the sheets must be torch-bonded onto strips of DEFEND 3 mm

thick and 14 cm wide, which have been previ-ously bonded onto the substructure.In the case of roofs over rooms with relative humidity ≥80% at 20°C, alternatively but with the same laying procedure, a vapour bar-rier should be applied, consisting of a 4 kg/m2 elastoplastomeric distilled bitumen poly-mer waterproofing membrane 1.05 m wide, with its upper face embossed, reinforced with 12 micron aluminium foil attached to non-woven composite polyester fabric stabilised with glass fibre, such as PROMINENT ALU POLIESTERE. The tapered bosses, with a max ø of 18 mm and thickness 5±0.5 mm must cover approx. 40% of the surface and be distributed over a width of 0.93 m, leaving two overlap faces free, 0.06 m wide and 3±0.2 mm thick. The thick-ness of the plain part must be 2.2±0.2 mm and the membrane must have a water vapour permeability (EN 1931) of µ≥∞ (practically an absolute barrier).The vapour barrier should be attached to the vertical parts to form a continuous layer, by torch-bonding a strip of thermoadhesive elas-toplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer water-

proofing membrane, reinforced with nonwoven composite polymer fabric bonded to12 micron DEFEND ALU POLYESTER aluminium foil of sufficient width to cover at least 10 cm of the flat surface and to be returned vertically to a height 5 cm greater than the thickness of the specified insulation.

VAPOUR BARRIER

Heat-resistant thermal insulation in panels, bonded without the use of melted oxidised bitumen

2. INDEVER

5. MINERAL TESTUDO

3. PROMINENT

4. Thermal insulation

LAYERS1. Concrete support2. INDEVER3. PROMINENT4. Thermal insulation5. MINERAL TESTUDO

1. Concrete support


THERMAL INSULATION

A b o v e t h e v a p o u r b a r r i e r o f t y p e PROMINENT, heat-resistant thermal insu-lation should be torch-bonded, supplied in panels and with CE marking comply-ing with EN13165, in self-extinguishing polyurethane foam continuously laminated between two layers of bituminised glass fibre, suitable for under-tile use as per the manufacturer's instructions.

The thickness of the insulation should be obtained from a calculation aimed at avoid-ing the formation of condensation in the layers.Laying should comply with the procedures described above for the similar insulation in rolls. Heating the thermoadhesive bosses covering the upper face of the vapour bar-rier using a propane gas torch will activate

the adhesive, and in this way the panels of insulation pressed onto them will be tena-ciously bonded.


LAYING TILES DIRECTLY ON MORTAR FILLETS ON THE SLATE-CHIP FACED MEMBRANEMaximum permitted pitch ≤35%Follow the instructions given above for the previous cases.

LAYING THE TILES ON TIMBER BAT-TENSIn cases where the tiles are laid on battens, panels must be used of dimensions compat-ible with the maximum permitted spacing between batten and batten.The commonest size of insulating panels is 60×120 cm and it is advisable to lay the pan-els with the short side (60 cm) parallel to the eaves line.The rolls should be laid and torch-bonded as in the previous case and each course of thermal insulation should be alternated with a timber batten of the same thickness, at least 40 mm wide, mechanically fixed to the concrete sub-structure, positioned along the line of maxi-mum pitch at right angles to the eaves line.Subsequently, the under-tile membrane should be torch-bonded so that it covers both the in-sulating panels and the battens. The counter-battens should be nailed to battens, through the membrane.• Under-batten and over-batten sealing stripIn order to achieve a superior level of water-seal with the procedures seen in the previous cases, the under-batten strips should be laid and at the most critical points the over-batten strips should be laid directly as well.

The waterproof layer should consist of a waterproofing membrane of elastoplasto-meric distilled bitumen polymer membrane of type MINERAL TESTUDO SPUNBOND POLIESTERE 4.5 coated with slate chips, on a base of distilled bitumen, plastomers and elas-tomers, reinforced with Spunbond continuous filament non-woven polyester fabric.

The membrane should have a mass-to-ar-ea ratio (EN 1849-1) of 4.5 Kg/m2, L/T ten-sile strength (EN12311-1) of 750/600 N/50 mm, L/T elongation at break (EN 12311-1) of 50/50%, L/T nail tear strength (EN12310-1) of 140 N, cold bend (EN1109) of -15°C and flow resistance (EN1110) of 120°C.

The sheets of membrane, unrolled along the line of maximum pitch, must be torch-bonded continuously to the layer of thermal insulation, overlapping by 10 cm in a longitudinal direc-tion and by 15 cm end-to-end.The overlaps, too, must be torch-welded and the membranes must be returned over the ver-tical parts by at least 20 cm above the water drainage plane.


2. INDEVER

3. PROMINENT

5. MINERAL TESTUDO


1. Concrete support



UNVENTILATED INHABITED ROOF SPACEC1

MULTIFUNCTIONAL TECTENE BV STRIP VAPOUR BARRIER WITH INCORPORATED THERMOADHESIVE LAYER FOR TORCH-BONDING ONTO THE THERMAL INSULATIONOver the whole surface of the flat part, a vapour barrier should be continuously torch-bonded along the line of maximum pitch, consisting of a thermoadhesive elastoplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane, thickness 3 mm, strengthened with reinforced glass fibre of type TECTENE BV STRIP EP/V, incorporating adhesive for bonding expanded polystyrene insulating panels, consisting of thermoadhesive strips spread over 40% of the upper face of the sheet. The membrane should have water vapour per-meability (EN 1931) µ=100,000 and cold bend (EN 1109) of -15°C. The sheets of vapour bar-rier should be overlapped by approximately 6 cm longitudinally, along the narrow selvedge prepared for this purpose on the lower edge of the sheet to enable overlapping without any protrusions and to obtain a sufficiently flat sur-face for laying the insulation panels, while for the end-to-end overlaps of the same size, the

excess thickness can just be removed with a warm trowel.The sheets should be continuously torch-bond-ed to the surface, and the overlaps should be bonded using a propane gas torch.As an alternative, on roofs in conditions with relative humidity of over 80% at 20°C, a ther-moadhesive membrane in elastoplastomer distilled bitumen polymer, type TECTENE BV STRIP EP ALU POLYESTERE should be ap-plied with the same procedures, with incorpo-rated adhesive to attach the expanded sintered polystyrene insulation panels, consisting of thermoadhesive strips coating 40% of the up-per face of the membrane, which should be reinforced with aluminium foil, attached to non-woven composite polyester fabric stabilised with glass fibre. The membrane should be 3 mm thick, with water vapour permeability (EN 1931) µ=∞ (absolute barrier) and cold bend (EN 1109) of -15°C.The vapour barrier should be attached to the vertical parts to form a continuous layer, by torch-bonding a strip of thermoadhesive elas-toplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer water-proofing membrane, reinforced with nonwoven

composite polymer fabric bonded to12 micron DEFEND ALU POLYESTER aluminium foil of sufficient width to cover at least 10 cm of the flat surface and to be returned vertically to a height 5 cm greater than the thickness of the specified insulation.

VAPOUR BARRIER

Rolls of non-heat resistant thermal insulation bonded to a distilled bitumen polymer membrane, attached with the use of molten oxidised bitumen

2. PRIMER

5. Timber batten

3. TECTENE BV STRIP EP

4. THERMOBASE PSE

2 m

LAYERS1. Concrete support2. INDEVER3. TECTENE BV STRIP EP4. THERMOBASE PSE5. Timber batten

1. Concrete support



LAYING TILES DIRECTLY ON MORTAR FILLETS ON THE SLATE-CHIP FACED MEMBRANEMaximum permitted pitch ≤35%When permitted by the tile manufacturer and local usage, the layer of tiles may be laid on mortar fillets laid directly on the membrane in lines parallel to the eaves line, with a short break approximately every 2 metres to allow minimal ventilation of the roofspace and drain-age of any infiltrated water.

THERMAL INSULATION AND WATERPROOF MEMBRANE WITH THERMOBASE PSE/120On top of the TECTENE BV STRIP-type vapour barrier, battens of the same thickness as the insulation to be used should be fastened me-chanically every 2 metres, arranged parallel to the eaves line, and at least 4 cm wide.A waterproof thermal insulation supplied in rolls, type THERMOBASE TEGOLA PSE/120, with EN 13163-compliant EC mark and EN13501-1 compliant flame reaction Euroclass E, coded with designation code EPS EN 13163-T1-L1-W1-S1-P3-DS(N)5-BS170-CS(10)120, which describes the following characteristics: di-mensional stability (DS(N)5), bending strength (BS170) and compressive strength (CS(10)120), should then be torch-bonded onto the vapour barrier.The insulation should consist of battens 50 mm wide of self-extinguishing expanded sintered polystyrene, with λ=0.035 W/mK, continuously heat bonded to a type P4.5 distilled bitumen polymer under-tile membrane, the upper face of which is made of chips of anti-slip slate bonded at high temperature, reinforced with non-woven composite polyester fabric stabilised with glass fibre.The corresponding thermal resistances of the respective layers of insulation, chosen by means of a calculation made to avoid the for-mation of condensate in the layers, must be as follows:

THERMAL INSULATION AND WATERPROOF MEMBRANE WITH THERMOBASE TEGOLA PSE/EXOn top of the TECTENE BV STRIP vapour bar-rier, battens of the same thickness as the speci-fied insulation, arranged parallel to the eaves line, and at least 4 cm wide, should be fastened mechanically every 2 metres.A waterproof thermal insulation supplied in rolls, type THERMOBASE TEGOLA PSE/EX, with EN 13164 compliant CE mark and EN13501-1 compliant flame reaction Euroclass E, cod-ed with designation code XPS EN 13164-T2-DS(TH)-CS(10/Y)200-TR200-WL(T)1,5, which describes the following characteristics: dimen-sional stability (DS(TH)), compressive strength (CS(10/Y)200) and water absorption (WL(T)1.5), should be torch-bonded onto the vapour bar-rier. The insulation should consist of battens 50 mm wide of self-extinguishing single layer expanded sintered polystyrene, with λ=0.034 W/mK, continuously heat bonded to a type P4.5 distilled bitumen polymer under-tile water-proofing membrane, the upper face of which is made of chips of anti-slip slate bonded at high temperature, with reinforcement in nonwoven composite polyester fabric stabilised with glass fibre.

The corresponding thermal resistances of the respective layers of insulation, chosen by means of a calculation made to avoid the formation of condensate in the layers, must be as follows:

The rolls of thermal insulation should be un-rolled starting from the ridge line. Heating the thermoadhesive strips that cover the upper face of the vapour barrier with the flame of a propane gas torch will activate their adhesiveness, and the roll of insulation to be pressed onto them should be perfectly bonded. The overlaps and joins at the vertical parts should then be torch-bonded, and returned to a height of at least 20 cm above the maximum water level; the returns should consist of bands of a distilled bitumen polymer membrane reinforced with nonwoven polyester fibre The insulation elements, sepa-rated by battens laid parallel to the eaves line, should be connected by a 20 cm band of slate-chip faced membrane reinforced with nonwo-ven polyester fibre, laid astride the batten and torch-bonded to the batten and to the two rows of elements to be connected.Torch heating of the thermoadhesive strips, and torch-bonding of the overlaps of the elements, must be carried out by suitably trained person-nel, with the caution necessary to avoid melting the expanded polystyrene.

20 30

0,494 0,740Thermal

resistanceR(m2K/W)

40

0,985

50

1,217

60

1,458

Thickness 70

1,705

80

1,947

THERMOBASE PSE/120


20 25

0,559 0,838Thermal

resistanceR(m2K/W)

30

1,114

40

1,377

50

1,650

Thickness

THERMOBASE PSE/EX

THERMOBASE TEGOLAwith overlap fin



UNVENTILATED INHABITED ROOF SPACEC2

MULTIFUNCTIONAL TECTENE BV STRIP VAPOUR BARRIER WITH INCORPORATED THERMOADHESIVE LAYER FOR TORCH-BONDING ONTO THE THERMAL INSULATIONA vapour barrier laid along the line of maxi-mum pitch, consisting of a 3 mm thick ther-moadhesive elastoplastomeric distilled bitu-men polymer waterproofing membrane, re-inforced with TECTENE BV STRIP EP7V type glass fibre felt, with incorporated adhesive to attach the expanded polystyrene insula-tion panels. consisting of thermoadhesive strips coating 40% of the upper face of the sheet should be continuously bonded using a torch. The membrane should have water vapour permeability (EN 1931) µ=100,000 and cold bend (EN 1109) of -15°C. The sheets of vapour barrier should be overlapped by approximately 6 cm longitudinally, along the narrow selvedge prepared for this purpose on the lower edge of the sheet to enable overlap-ping without any protrusions and to obtain a sufficiently flat surface for laying the insula-tion panels, while for the end-to-end overlaps of the same size, the excess thickness can

just be removed with a warm trowel.The sheets should be continuously torch-bonded to the surface, and the overlaps should be bonded using a propane gas torch.As an alternative, on roofs in conditions with relative humidity of over 80% at 20°C, a ther-moadhesive membrane in elastoplastomer distilled bitumen polymer, type TECTENE BV STRIP EP ALU POLYESTERE should be applied with the same procedures, with in-corporated adhesive to attach the expand-ed sintered polystyrene insulation panels, consisting of thermoadhesive strips coating 40% of the upper face of the membrane, which should be reinforced with aluminium foil, attached to nonwoven composite poly-ester fabric stabilised with glass fibre. The membrane should be 3 mm thick, with water vapour permeability (EN 1931) µ=∞ (absolute barrier) and cold bend (EN 1109) of -15°C.The vapour barrier should be attached to the vertical parts to form a continuous layer, by torch-bonding a strip of thermoadhesive elastoplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane, reinforced with nonwoven composite polymer fabric bonded

to12 micron DEFEND ALU POLYESTER alu-minium foil of sufficient width to cover at least 10 cm of the flat surface and to be returned vertically to a height 5 cm greater than the thickness of the specified insulation.

VAPOUR BARRIER

Panels of non-heat resistant thermal insulation bonded to a distilled bitumen polymer membrane, attached with the use of molten oxidised bitumen.

1. INDEVER

5. Timber batten

2. TECTENE BV STRIP EP

3. ISOBASE PSE

6. MINERAL TESTUDO

2 m

LAYERS1. Concrete support2. INDEVER3. TECTENE BV STRIP EP4. ISOBASE PSE5. Timber batten6. MINERAL TESTUDO

1. Concrete support



LAYING TILES DIRECTLY ON MORTAR FILLETS ON THE SLATE-CHIP FACED MEMBRANEMaximum permitted pitch ≤35%When permitted by the tile manufacturer and local usage, the layer of tiles may be laid on mortar fillets laid directly on the membrane in lines parallel to the eaves line, with a short break approximately every 2 metres to al-low minimal ventilation of the roofspace and drainage of any infiltrated water.

THERMAL INSULATION AND WATERPROOF MEMBRANE WITH ISOBASE PSE/120On top of the TECTENE BV STRIP-type va-pour barrier, battens of the same thickness as the specified insulation, arranged parallel to the eaves line, and at least 4 cm thick, should be fastened mechanically every 2 metres.A waterproof thermal insulation supplied in panels, type ISOBASE PSE/120, with EN 13163-compliant CE mark and EN13501-1 compliant flame reaction Euroclass E, coded with designation code EPS EN 13163-T1-L1-W1-S1-P3-DS(N)5-BS170-CS(10)120, which describes the following characteris-tics: dimensional stability (DS(N)5), bending strength (BS170) and compression strength (CS(10)120), should then be torch-bonded onto the vapour barrier.The insulation should consist of a panel in self-extinguishing expanding sintered poly-styrene λ=0.035 W/mK, continuously hot-bonded to a type V2 distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane, reinforced with rot proof reinforced glass fibre felt protruding over the two sides of the panel.The corresponding thermal resistances of the respective layers of insulation, chosen by means of a calculation made to avoid the formation of condensate in the layers, must be as follows:

THERMAL INSULATION AND WATERPROOF MEMBRANE WITH ISOBASE PSE/EXOn top of the TECTENE BV STRIP-type va-pour barrier, battens of the same thickness as the specified insulation, arranged parallel to the eaves line, and at least 4 cm thick, should be fastened mechanically every 2 metres.A waterproof thermal insulation supplied in ISOBASE PSE/EX type panels with EN 13164 compliant CE mark and EN13501-1 com-pliant flame reaction Euroclass E, coded with designation code XPS EN 13164-T2-DS(TH)-CS(10/Y)200-TR200-WL(T)1,5, which describes the following characteristics: di-mensional stability (DS(TH)), compression strength (CS(10/Y)200) and water absorption (WL(T)1,5), should then be torch-bonded onto the vapour barrier.The insulation should consist of a panel in self-extinguishing expanding sintered poly-styrene λ=0.034 W/mK, continuously hot-bonded to a type V2 distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane, reinforced with rot proof reinforced glass fibre felt protruding over the two sides of the panel.

The corresponding thermal resistances of the respective layers of insulation, chosen by means of a calculation made to avoid the formation of condensate in the layers, must be as follows:

Heating the thermoadhesive strips that cover the upper face of the vapour barrier with the flame of a propane gas torch will activate the adhesive, and the panels of insulation to be pressed onto them should adhere perfectly. The panels should be bonded between the battens parallel to the eaves, overlapping the overlap flaps like tiles and bonding them onto the battens.The panels should be joined to the vertical parts by torch-bonding 20 cm wide strips of membrane reinforced with non-woven poly-ester fabric, positioned square to the joins.

20 30

0,494 0,740Thermal

resistanceR(m2K/W)

40

0,985

50

1,217

60

1,458

Thickness 70

1,705

80

1,947

ISOBASE PSE/120

THERMAL INSULATION AND WATERPROOF MEMBRANE

20 25

0,559 0,838Thermal

resistanceR(m2K/W)

30

1,114

40

1,377

50

1,650

Thickness

ISOBASE PSE/EX

The thermal insulation should then be bonded to the under-tile waterproof mem-brane.The membrane should be composed of a type MINERAL TESTUDO SPUNBOND PO-LIESTERE 4.5 elastoplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer waterproof ing mem-brane coated with slate chips, on a dis-tilled bitumen, plastomer and elastomer base, with reinforcement in Spunbond continuous filament nonwoven polyester. The membrane should have a mass-to-area ratio (EN 1849-1) of 4.5 Kg/m2, L/T

tensile strength (EN12311-1) of 750/600 N/50 mm, L/T elongation at break (EN 12311-1) of 50/50%, L/T nail tear strength (EN12310-1) of 140 N, cold bend (EN1109) of -15°C and flow resistance (EN1110) of 120°C.The sheets of membrane should be un-rolled along the line of maximum pitch, overlapping 10 cm longitudinally and 15 cm at the top, and should be continuously torch-bonded to the substructure.The overlaps, too, must be torch-welded and the membranes must be returned over

the vertical parts by at least 20 cm above the water drainage plane.


ISOBASE



UNVENTILATED INHABITED ROOF SPACED

A vapour barrier consisting of a 3 mm thick elastoplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane based on distilled bitumen, plastomers and elastomers rein-forced DEDENT V 3 reinforced glass fibre, with vapour permeability EN1931 µ≥60000 should be continuously torch-bonded over the whole surface and protruding edges to a level at least 5 cm higher than the level of the thermal insulation.The sheets should be arranged along the line of maximum pitch, with torch-bonded over-laps of at least 7 cm.

• Alternatively, on roofs in conditions with relative humidity of over 80% at 20°C:

a vapour barrier should be used, applied using the same methods, consisting of a 3 mm thick elastoplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer membrane based on distilled bitu-men, plastomers and elastomers, reinforced with 60 µ aluminium foil bonded to DEFEND ALU/V3 rot proof glass fibre, with vapour permeability EN1931 µ≥∞ (absolute barrier).

• Alternatively, on split substructures:a vapour barrier should be used, applied using the same methods, consisting of a 3 mm thick elastoplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer membrane based on distilled bitu-men, plastomers and elastomers, reinforced with DEFEND ALU POLIESTERE 3 nonwoven polymer composite fabric stabilised with glass fibre bonded to 12 µ aluminium foil, with vapour permeability EN1931 µ≥∞ (abso-lute barrier) and elongation (EN 12311-1) L/T=15/20%.

VAPOUR BARRIER

Thermal insulation panels bonded to a distilled bitumen polymer membrane, fastened mechanically without using molten oxidised bitumen.

2. INDEVER

3. DEFEND or DEFEND ALU

4. ISOBASE PSE

5. MINERAL TESTUDO

LAYERS1. Concrete support2. INDEVER3. DEFEND

or DEFEND ALU4. ISOBASE PSE5. MINERAL TESTUDO

1. Concrete support


T H E R M A L I N S U L AT I O N A N D WATERPROOF MEMBRANE WITH ISOBASE PSE/120On top of the TECTENE BV STRIP-type vapour barrier, battens of the same thick-ness as the specified insulation, arranged parallel to the eaves line, and at least 4 cm thick, should be fastened mechanically every 2 metres.A waterproof thermal insulation supplied in panels, type ISOBASE PSE/120, with EN 13163-compliant CE mark and EN13501-1 compliant flame reaction Euroclass E, coded with designation code EPS EN 13163-T1-L1-W1-S1-P3-DS(N)5-BS170-CS(10 )120, which describes the following characteris-tics: dimensional stability (DS(N)5), bending strength (BS170) and compression strength (CS(10)120), should then be torch-bonded onto the vapour barrier.The insulation should consist of a panel in self-extinguishing expanding sintered polystyrene λ=0.035 W/mK, continuously hot-bonded to a type V2 distilled bitumen polymer waterproof-ing membrane, reinforced with rot proof rein-forced glass fibre felt protruding over the two sides of the panel.The corresponding thermal resistances of the respective layers of insulation, chosen by means of a calculation made to avoid the formation of condensate in the layers, must be as follows:

THERMAL INSULATION E MANTO IMPERMEABILE CON ISOBASE PSE/EXOn top of the TECTENE BV STRIP vapour bar-rier, battens of the same thickness as the speci-fied insulation, arranged parallel to the eaves line, and at least 4 cm wide, should be fastened mechanically every 2 metres.A waterproof thermal insulation supplied in ISOBASE PSE/EX type panels with EN 13164 compliant CE mark and EN13501-1 compliant

flame reaction Euroclass E, coded with desig-nation code XPS EN 13164-T2-DS(TH)-CS(10/Y)200-TR200-WL(T)1,5, which describes the following characteristics: dimensional stability (DS(TH)), compressive strength (CS(10/Y)200) and water absorption (WL(T)1,5), should then be torch-bonded onto the vapour barrier.The insulation should consist of a panel in self-extinguishing expanding sintered poly-styrene λ=0.034 W/mK, continuously hot-bonded to a type V2 distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane, reinforced with rot proof reinforced glass fibre felt protruding over the two sides of the panel.The corresponding thermal resistances of the respective layers of insulation, chosen by means of a calculation made to avoid the for-mation of condensate in the layers, must be as follows:

The panels should be fastened mechani-cally on top of the vapour barrier using 4 ro u n d - h e a d e d screws or nails with washers of 70 mm diam-eter or equivalent surface area at the corners of the panels, at least 5 cm from the edges, followed by a cen-tral fixing.

The overlap flaps of the panels should be laid in a tile formation and torch-bonded to the panels.The panels should be joined to the vertical parts by torch-bonding 20 cm wide strips of membrane reinforced with non-woven poly-ester fabric, positioned square to the joins.

T H E R M A L I N S U L AT I O N W I T H PANELS OF OTHER HEAT RESISTANT INSULATION MATERIALThe insulation panels should be chosen to be compatible with the subsequent torch-bonding of the under-tile membrane. The panels should be fastened mechanically on top of the vapour barrier using 4 round head-ed screws or nails with washers of 70 mm diameter or equivalent surface area, placed as recommended by the panel manufacturer.

The thermal insulation should then be bonded to the under-tile waterproof membrane.The membrane should be composed of a type MINERAL TESTUDO SPUNBOND POLIESTERE 4.5 elastoplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane coated with slate chips, on a distilled bitumen, plastomer and elastomer base, with reinforce-ment in Spunbond continuous filament nonwo-ven polyester.

The membrane should have a mass-to-area ratio (EN 1849-1) of 4.5 Kg/m2, L/T tensile strength (EN12311-1) of 750/600 N/50 mm, L/T elongation at break (EN 12311-1) of 50/50%, L/T nail tear strength (EN12310-1) of 140 N, cold bend (EN1109) of -15°C and flow resist-ance (EN1110) of 120°C.The sheets of membrane, unrolled along the line of maximum pitch, must be torch-bonded to adhere completely to the substructure, overlap-

ping by 10 cm in a longitudinal direction and by 15 cm end-to-end.The overlaps, too, must be torch-welded and the membranes must be returned over the ver-tical parts by at least 20 cm above the water drainage plane.



LAYING TILES DIRECTLY ON MORTAR FILLETS ON THE SLATE-CHIP FACED MEMBRANEMaximum permitted pitch ≤35%When permitted by the tile manufacturer and local usage, the layer of tiles may be laid on mortar fillets laid directly on the membrane

in lines parallel to the eaves line, with a short break approximately every 2 metres to allow minimal ventilation of the roofspace and drain-age of any infiltrated water.

20 30

0,494 0,740Thermal

resistanceR(m2K/W)

40

0,985

50

1,217

60

1,458

Thickness 70

1,705

80

1,947

ISOBASE PSE/120

THERMAL INSULATION AND WATERPROOF MEMBRANE

2. INDEVER


4. Thermal insula-tion in panels

5. MINERAL TESTUDO

1. Concrete support

20 25

0,559 0,838Thermal

resistanceR(m2K/W)

30

1,114

40

1,377

50

1,650

Thickness

ISOBASE PSE/EX


PREPARATION OF A TIMBER SUBSTRUCTURE FOR THE APPLICATION OF A TORCHED ON MEMBRANE

The issue of fire prevention must be considered when designing the layers for timber roofs, and while applying a torch-bonded membrane. Consider that the draught of a ventilated airspace under a board increases the fire risk considerably. If a fire starts, it will propagate at a much higher speed than with unventilated boarding, and will be difficult to control. The presence of easily flammable thermal insulation in the airspace will greatly increase the likelihood of a fire starting, and the speed with which it spreads. So there is a need to correctly design and incorporate suitable fire prevention features, which may be summarised as follows:• shielding the lines at which wood or wood-composite boards (OSB, PLYWOOD, etc.) meet with mechanically fixed sheets or strips of membrane;• bridging (pontage) the lines at which the boards of the different pitches of the roof meet with mechanically attached bands that act as flame barrier and support

to the waterproof coating;• using non-combustible insulation (rock wool) in the air spaces,• specific training of personnel on the risk of fire when laying roofs on timber boarding.

PREPARING THE SUBSTRUCTURE FOR MECHANICALLY ATTACHING ROLLBASE P7V MEMBRANE WITHOUT USING TORCHESA SYSTEM THAT IS VALID BOTH ON SOLID TIMBER BOARDS AND ON LARGE WOOD COMPOSITE PANELSThe timber substructure should be coated with a multifunctional distilled bitu-men polymer membrane with an absorbent underside, which both protects it from the laying torch used for subsequent layers and keeps it dry. An elas-toplastomeric membrane whose underside is coated with visible nonwoven polyester fabric, type ROLLBASE P/V reinforced with glass fibre felt, and with overlapping selvedge on the lower face, should be mechanically fixed onto the boarding with nails with 10 mm heads or metal staples. The membrane should have a mass-to-area ratio of 2 kg/m2, tear resistance EN 12310-1 L/T of 190/200 N, resistance to traction EN 12311-1 L/T of 400/200 N/5 cm and elongation EN 12311-1 L/T of 50/20%.The sheets, laid dry along the line of maximum pitch, should be overlapped by 8 cm along the selvedge on each side and by 10 cm at the top, and fixed with nails or staples every 15 cm on the overlaps and every 33 cm on the rest of the sheet. Alternatively, with the same fixing system for the overlaps, the rest of the sheet should be fastened with nails or screws with smooth washers at least 5 cm in diameter arranged in two parallel rows 22 and 66 cm respectively from the edges of the sheet, at intervals to obtain a minimum distribution of 5 nails per m2 up to a maximum of 10 nails per m2 depending on the climate of the area and the various components of the roof.

PREPARATION OF THE SUBSTRUCTURE OBTAINED BY “PONTAGE” OF THE SHEET JOINTS WITH STRIPS OF MEMBRANE REINFORCED WITH NONWOVEN POLYESTER FABRIC WITH PROTECTIVE SLATE COATING DOWNWARDS, FASTENED MECHANICALLY WITH NAILS OR STAPLES.THIS SYSTEM IS ONLY VALID FOR LARGE WOOD COMPOSITE PANELS If the substructure consists of large timber panels, it should be prepared by sealing the joins between the panels with 20 cm wide strips of "pontage" con-sisting of MINERAL TESTUDO SPUNBOND POLIESTERE elastoplastomeric distilled bitumen polyester membrane with protective slate – 3.5 kg/m2 fastened mechanically on both sides at 15 cm intervals 4 cm from the edges with 10 mm headed nails or metal staples. The membrane should have a mass-to-area ratio of 3.5 kg/m2, tear resistance EN 12310-1 L/T of 140/140 N, resistance to traction EN 12311-1 L/T of 750/600 N/5 cm, elongation EN 12311-1 L/T of 50/50% and cold bend EN 1109 of -15°C.The strips of membrane should be laid with the slate side facing the wood panel. Optionally, a coat of INDEVER type primer may be applied.

SYSTEM FOR TIMBER ROOFS IN LARGE WOOD COMPOSITE PANELS

(*) The use of this system in warm roofs must be subject to careful assessment of the thermohygrometric conditions of the rooms covered.

Timber sup-port

Pontage(20 cm band)

Nails every 15 cm33 cm

33 cm

33 cm

33 cm

SYSTEM FOR TIMBER ROOFS IN TIMBER BOARDING OR LARGE WOOD PANELS

Timber support

Nails every 15 cm

Mixed fastening• nails on the overlap• washers on the sheet

Nails every 15 cm

Two rows of nails with washers

The nails or staples should be applied in zigzag formation.

Nails every 33 cm in zigzag formation

TIMBER ROOFS

The types of roofs considered in this chapter are:• ventilated roof with uninhabited roofspace,

where the thermal insulation is fitted on the floor of the roofspace and the roof pitches consist of continuous boarding, on which the under-tile membrane and tiles will be laid.

• ventilated roof with inhabited roofspace, where the thermal insulation is fitted on the sloping pitches and the roof boarding consists of two continuous boards: the vapour barrier and

thermal insulation are laid on the first, and the under-tile membrane and tiles will be laid on the second, which creates a ventilation airspace of constant cross-section.

• unventilated roof with inhabited roofspace, where the thermal insulation is fitted on the sloping pitches and the roof boarding consists of a continuous board, on which the vapour barrier, thermal insulation and the under-tile membrane are laid, adhering to each other. The

tiles should be laid on the under-tile membrane. In this last case, if instead of laying the tiles directly on the membrane, they are laid on bat-tens which create a microventilation chamber under the tiles that is deeper than strictly neces-sary - 4 cm instead of 2 cm - greater summer comfort will at least be achieved.


The waterproofing should consist of a MINERAL TESTUDO SPUNBOND POLIESTERE 4.5 type elastoplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane coated with chips of slate.The sheets should be unrolled parallel to and astride the overlaps of the ROLLBASE P/V, and should be continuously torch-bonded. The sheets should be overlapped by 10 cm longitu-dinally and 15 cm at the top, and torch welded.The membrane should be returned at the ver-tical parts to at least 20 cm higher than the expected maximum water level and torch-bonded.The bonding of the waterproof membrane should be supplemented by mechanical fixing using nails with 5 cm diameter washers every 20 cm, under the overlaps at the top of the last sheet. The body of the nail should be at least 5 cm from the edge of the lower sheet and at least 6 cm from the edge of the upper sheet.The length of the sheets should not exceed 4 m.

If the support surface consists of OSB or Plywood boards, the sheets should be un-rolled parallel to the line of maximum pitch and overlapped by 10 cm longitudinally, along the prepared selvedge on the upper face of the membrane, while the top of the sheet should be overlapped by approximately 15 cm. The sheets should then be continuously torch-bonded to the substructure and the overlaps, and should be returned at the vertical parts to at least 20 cm higher than the expected maximum water level.

UNDER-TILE WATERPROOFING OF TIMBER ROOFS

VENTILATED UNINHABITED ROOF SPACEE


≤4 m20 cm

Membrane torch-bonded to the heat shield substrate and vapour diffusion fastened mechanically to the boards.

2. ROLLBASE

3. MINERAL TESTUDO

LAYERS1. Timber boarding2. ROLLBASE3. MINERAL TESTUDO

1. Timber boarding


The waterproofing should consist of an elasto-plastomeric distilled bitumen waterproofing mem-brane coated with chips of slate, type MINERAL TESTUDO SPUNBOND POLIESTERE 4.5 . The sheets should be unrolled parallel to and astride the overlaps of the ROLLBASE P/V, and should be continuously torch-bonded to it. The sheets should be overlapped by 10 cm longitudinally and 15 cm at the top, and torch welded. The membrane should be returned at the vertical parts to at least 20 cm higher than the expected maximum water level and torch-bonded. The bonding of the waterproof membrane should be supplemented by mechanical fixing using nails with 5 cm diameter washers every 20 cm, under the overlaps at the top of the last sheet. The body of the nail should be at least 5 cm from the edge of the lower sheet and at least 6 cm from the edge of the upper sheet.

The length of the sheets should not exceed 4 m.

If the support surface consists of OSB or Plywood boards, the sheets should be unrolled parallel to the line of maximum pitch and overlapped by 10 cm lon-gitudinally, along the prepared selvedge on the upper face of the membrane, while the top of the sheet

should be overlapped by approximately 15 cm. The sheets should then be continuously torch-bonded to the substructure and the overlaps, and should be returned at the vertical parts to at least 20 cm higher than the expected maximum water level.


INHABITED ROOFSPACE WITH CONSTANT SECTION VENTILATION AIRSPACE

F


≤4 m20 cm

This should consist of ROLLBASE P/V mem-brane laid using the methods described above. If necessary the overlaps may also be welded and the density of the fixings reduced, de-

pending on the shape of the roof, down to a single fixing at the top of the sheet, since the stability of the sheet is in any event assured by the subsequent battens laid over them, which

support the second layer of boards. Membrane DEFEND/V3 or DEFEND ALU 3 may be bonded onto the ROLLBASE POLIESTERE/V in roofs over rooms with high humidity.

VAPOUR BARRIER

Membrane torch-bonded to the heat shield substrate fastened mechanically to the boards.

5. ROLLBASE

6. MINERAL TESTUDO

2. ROLLBASE


LAYERS1. Timber boarding2. ROLLBASE3. Thermal insulation4. Timber boarding5. ROLLBASE6. MINERAL TESTUDO

1. Timber boarding

4. Timber boarding



INHABITED VENTILATED ROOFSPACE WITH CONSTANT SECTION AIRSPACE

G

This should consist of ROLLBASE P/V mem-brane laid using the methods described above (see case F).

VAPOUR BARRIER

The waterproofing should consist of an elas-toplastomeric distilled bitumen polymer wa-terproofing membrane coated with chips of slate, type MINERAL TESTUDO SPUNBOND POLIESTERE 4.5 (see case F). The flat or half-round tiles should be laid directly on the slate-chip faced membrane, where they should be stabilised with mortar fillets laid every 2 – 3 courses of tiles.


Note. The special feature of the system illustrated in the illustration is the use of compression-resistant insulation such as extruded expanded polystyrene, which allows battens for supporting the last layer of boards to be laid directly on the insulation layer. This simplifies the laying operations of the layers considerably.

Compression resistant extruded polystyrene thermal insulation and torch-bonded membrane

5. MINERAL TESTUDO

2. ROLLBASE

LAYERS1. Timber boarding2. ROLLBASE3. Thermal insulation4. Timber boarding5. MINERAL TESTUDO

1. Timber boarding


4. Timber boarding


The system shown in the illustration consists of just two layers:• The PROMINENT ALU POLIESTERE multifunctional barrier mechanically fixed, dry and without use of a torch, with nailed overlaps which can also be sealed with SIGILSTIK sealant, providing further protection against vapour.• Insulation pre-bonded to THERMOBASE TEGOLA PUR membrane, torch-bonded to the PROMINENT bosses.

PROMINENT MULTIFUNCTIONAL VAPOUR BARRIER INCORPORATING THERMOADHESIVE LAYER FOR FLAME-FIXING THE THERMAL INSULATIONA PROMINENT ALU POLIESTERE vapour barrier consisting of 1.05 m wide, 4 kg/m2 elastoplastomeric

distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane with embossed upper face and strengthened with reinforced glass fibre should be fastened mechani-cally to the whole surface of the flat part of the roof. The tapered bosses, with a max ø of 18 mm and thickness 5±0.5 mm must cover approx. 40% of the

surface and be distributed over a width of 0.93 m, leaving two overlap faces free, 0.06 m wide and 3±0.2 mm thick. The thickness of the plain part must be 2.2±0.2 mm and the membrane must have a water vapour permeability (EN 1931) of µ≥∞ (practically an absolute barrier).

VAPOUR BARRIER


THERMAL INSULATION AND WATERPROOF MEMBRANE WITH THERMOBASE PUR 35A waterproof thermal insulation supplied in rolls, type THERMOBASE TEGOLA PSE/35, with EN 13165-com-pliant CE mark and EN13501-1 compliant flame reac-tion Euroclass E, coded with designation code EPS EN 13163-T1-L1-W1-S1-P3-DS(N)2-BS170-CS(10)100, which describes the following characteristics: dimension-al stability (DS(N)2), bending strength (BS170) and com-pression strength (CS(10)100), should be torch-bonded

onto the PROMINENT vapour barrier. The insulation should consist of self-extinguishing polyurethane foam strips, 50 mm wide, with λ=0.030 W/mK, continuously laminated between two layers of glass fibre or between two sheets of bituminised felt paper which are continu-ously hot-bonded to a distilled bitumen polymer under-tile waterproofing membrane type P4.5 with its upper face consisting of anti-slip slate chips bonded at high temperature, reinforced with non-woven composite poly-ester fabric stabilised with glass fibre. The corresponding

thermal resistances of the respective layers of insulation, chosen by means of a calculation made to avoid the formation of condensate in the layers, must be as follows:

20 30

0,686 1,025Thermal

resistanceR(m2K/W)

40

1,362

50

1,695

60

2,029

Thickness

THERMOBASE PUR/35

Note. The flame test of the overlap of PROMINENT nailed onto wood is shown on page 35.

Heat-resistant thermal insulation in rolls, attached to a distilled bitumen polymer membrane, bonded without the use of molten oxidised bitumen

2. THERMOBASE TEGOLA

1. PROMINENT

SIGILSTIK

LAYERS1. Timber boarding2. PROMINENT3. THERMOBASE

TEGOLA


UNVENTILATED INHABITED ROOF SPACEH

1. Timber boarding


WATERPROOFING AND UNDER-TILE THERMAL INSULATION OF TIMBER ROOFS

UNVENTILATED INHABITED ROOF SPACEI

WATERPROOFING AND UNDER-TILE THERMAL INSULATION OF TIMBER ROOFS

UNVENTILATED INHABITED ROOF SPACEL

NOTE. The density of the fixings of the ROLLBASE P/V membrane may be reduced from the density indicated in the specifications for the preparation of the substructure (page 22), since the subsequent fixings of the insulating panels will guarantee the stability of the layers.

NOTE. The density of the mechanical fixings of the insulation panel that guarantees the stability of the layers will be indicated by the panel manufacturer, and no less than 5/m2.

Membrane torch-bonded to thermal insulation panels bonded to distilled bitumen polymer membrane fastened mechanically to vapour barrier bonded to a nailed-on fire shield.

Membrane torch-bonded to heat resistant thermal insulation panels bonded to distilled bitumen polymer membrane fastened mechanically to vapour barrier bonded to a nailed-on fire shield.

5. MINERAL TESTUDO

2. ROLLBASE

4 ISOBASE


4. MINERAL TESTUDO

2. ROLLBASE



5 nails/m2

1. Timber boarding

1. Timber boarding

LAYERS1. Timber boarding2. ROLLBASE3. DEFEND or

DEFEND ALU4. ISOBASE5. MINERAL TESTUDO

LAYERS1. Timber boarding2. ROLLBASE3. DEFEND or

DEFEND ALU4. Thermal insulation5. MINERAL TESTUDO


On timber surfaces, especially boarding, where nailing down a fire shield may be difficult, it can be advantageous to install a self-adhesive vapour barrier laid without heat which, in the case of a roof with a constant section ventilation airspace (double boarding), will also be anchored by the battens laid on top, while in the case of an unventilated roof (warm roof with a single layer of boarding), the self-adhesive vapour barrier will only be required in cases where the insulating panel is attached mechanically.

The following membranes may be used as a vapour barrier:

SELF-ADHESIVE VAPOUR BARRIER:SINGLE SIDED• Standard situation, over rooms with rela-

tive humidity <80%The vapour barrier should be created with a self-adhesive elastoplastomeric distilled bitu-men polymer waterproofing membrane rein-forced with non-woven composite polyester fabric stabilised with glass fibre, with the upper face coated in polypropylene fibre mesh and the underside protected with siliconised film, type SELFTENE BASE EP POLIESTERE.The 3 mm thick membrane (UNI EN 1849-1) should have resistance to traction (EN 12311-1) L/T of 400/300 N/50 mm, elongation (EN 12311-1) L/T of 40/40%, tear resistance (EN 12310-1) L/T of 120/120 N, cold bend (EN 1109) of –15°C and vapour permeability (EN 1931) µ = 100,000.

SELF-ADHESIVE VAPOUR BARRIER:DOUBLE SIDED

Using the following double sided adhesive membranes allows the insulation to be temporarily attached before nailing or fixing with battens.

• Standard situation, over rooms with rela-tive humidity <80%

- For cold-bonding insulation panelsThe vapour barrier should be created with a double sided adhesive elastomeric distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane reinforced with non-woven composite poly-ester fabric stabilised with glass fibre, with the upper face covered in polypropylene fibre mesh and the underside protected with silicon-ised film, type SELFTENE BV HE BIADESIVO POLIESTERE. The membrane should have a mass-to-area ratio (EN 1849-1) of 3 Kg/m2, resistance to traction (EN 12311-1) L/T of 400/300 N/50 mm, elongation (EN 12311-1) L/T of 40/40%, tear resistance (EN 12310-1) L/T of 120/120 N, cold bend (EN 1109) of -25°C and vapour permeability (EN 1931) μ = 100,000.

• For cold-bonding insulation panels (when lay-ing on OSB and Plywood only)The vapour barrier should be created with a dou-ble-sided adhesive elastomeric distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane strengthened with reinforced glass fibre, with both sides protect-ed with siliconised film, after laying 100 mm wide

bridging strips, type SELFTENE BV HE BIADESIVO POLIESTERE, cold bonded across the joins in the wood panels. The membrane should have a mass-to-area ratio (EN 1849-1) of 3 Kg/m2, resistance to traction (EN 12311-1) L/T of 300/200 N/50 mm, elongation (EN 12311-1) L/T of 2/2%, tear resist-ance (EN 12310-1) L/T of 70/70 N, cold bend (EN 1109) of -25°C and vapour permeability (EN 1931) μ = 100,000.

• Over rooms with high humidity- For cold-bonding insulation panelsThe vapour barrier should be created with a SELFTENE BV HE BIADESIVO POLIESTERE double sided adhesive elastomeric distilled bitumen polymer waterproofing membrane reinforced with aluminium foil bonded to an unwoven composite polyester fabric stabilised with glass fibre, with the upper face protected with siliconised film. The membrane should have a mass-to-area ratio (EN 1849-1) of 3 Kg/m2, resistance to traction (EN 12311-1) L/T of 250/150 N/50 mm, elongation (EN 12311-1) L/T of 15/20%, tear resistance (EN 12310-1) L/T of 100/100 N, cold bend (EN 1109) of -25°C and vapour permeability (EN 1931) μ = 1,500,000.

SELF-ADHESIVE VAPOUR BARRIER:




2. SELFTENE BASE EP

2. SELFTENE

2. SELFTENE

1. Timber boarding

1. Timber boarding

1. Timber boarding

4. Timber boarding

4. Timber boarding


PREPARATION OF A TIMBER SUBSTRUCTURE FOR THE APPLICATION OF SELF ADHESIVE VAPOUR BARRIERS

Index has also developed a series of self-ad-hesive membranes that may be applied cold, without using a flame in direct contact with the wood panel, reducing the risk of fire during the laying phases.Torch-bonding a distilled bitumen polymer membranes on timber boarding which delim-its a ventilated airspace requires the protec-tive application of a nailed fire shield layer and, to avoid the risk of fire, must be carried out by qualified personnel.The advent of the new self-adhesive mem-branes eliminates the problem of fire caused by the laying phases of the work, and does not require the use of an additional layer.

PREPARATION OF THE SUBSTRUCTUREThe timber substructure must be continuous, and should preferably be made of industrial wood composite panels with a low residual humidity, such as Plywood and OSB, which allow the membrane to adhere without heat and without the use of primers.However, if solid timber boardings are used, the residual humidity trapped inside them can prevent correct adhesion of the mem-brane, and so well-seasoned boards must be used, or the boards must be prepared with a coat of INDEVER PRIMER, applied at a thickness of 250-300 g/m2.

WARNINGSLaying operations must be carried out in favourable weather, with no rain or fog and temperatures above 10°C.

In roofs covered with SELFTENE self-ad-hesive membranes, connection of the parts that emerge from the pitch plane should be carried out using metalwork that should be painted with INDEVER PRIMER E to promote adhesion of the membrane.SELFTENE does not adhere to the rubber or plastic vents and accessories normally used for torch-bonded membranes, and for ac-cessories in plastic modified with bitumen, adhesion is initially good, but decreases over time.

COMPATIBILITY OF SUBSTRUCTURES WITH SELF-ADHESIVE MEMBRANESThe membranes adhere directly to the most common building materials:• Concrete and terracotta surfaces;• Old bituminous coatings, ROLLBASE

HOLLAND membrane;• Steel, galvanised steel, aluminium, copper,

lead;• Timber boarding, plywood or OSB boards;• Panels in sintered and extruded expanded

polystyrene;• Panels in expanded polyurethane laminated

between bitumen paper.Surface preparation with primer is not required for some of these, while porous surfaces such as concrete, or possibly oily surfaces, such as metals, need to be coated with INDEVER/E primer to ensure that the membrane adheres. The laying surface preparation methods used before applying cold-bonded membranes are listed in the table below.

Type of surface Treatment PrimerHollow core concrete

Clean and dry surfaces

INDEVER PRIMER/E

Sheet metalGalvanised sheet metalAluminiumCopperLead

Clean, dry, degreased surface

INDEVER PRIMER/E

Old bituminous membrane


INDEVER PRIMER/E

ROLLBASE HOLLAND POL.

Clean and dry sur-faces -

Old timber surfaces Clean and dry surfaces

INDEVER PRIMER/E

Plywood panels Clean and dry sur-faces -

OSB panels(untreated face)

Clean and dry surfaces -

Sintered expanded polystyrene

Clean and dry sur-faces -

Extruded expanded polystyrene


Clean and dry sur-faces

-

Expanded polyurethane with bitumen paper

-

On Plywood and OSB panels

On solid timber boardings

Clean and dry substructuresThe substructure must be smooth with no dents and sharp edges, and must be suitably clean and dry.

Treatment of damp boards with INDEVER PRIMER E


DETAILS OF LAYINGROOFS IN SOLID AND HOLLOW-CORE CONCRETE

The connection can be made with shaped metal sheets with an ap-proximately 12 cm fin to connect to the membrane, which should be painted with primer beforehand.Or the connection could be made using the waterproof membrane itself. A housing for the waterproofing membrane should be formed in the body of the chimney, as shown in the illustration.This should be painted with a coat of primer.

The membrane should be connected to the chimney with bands of 4 mm TESTUDO SPUNBOND applied by torch, covering 20 cm of the flat part and rising to cover the body of the chimney to at least 10 cm above the level of the tiles.The bands should be laid before the MINERAL TESTUDO is laid. The sheets that cover the plane of the roof should be bonded to the bottom of the chimney, and bands of MINERAL TESTUDO should be bonded to a 15 cm wide strip, rising up the body of the chimney to at least 10 cm above the level of the tiles.

If THERMOBASE TEGOLA is used, the vapour barrier should be returned and torch-bonded to the body of the chimney at the same height as the top of the insulation.The insulating panels should be aligned with the foot of the chimney and connected with 20 cm bands of 4 mm TESTUDO SPUNBOND, torch-bonded across the edges where the body of the chimney meets the surface of the roof. These should be covered, using a torch, with strips of MINERAL TESTUDO sufficiently wide to cover 20 cm of the THERMOBASE and cover the base of the chimney to at least 10 cm above the level of the tiles.

Chimneys

The frame of a skylight must be fitted with a flat metal connection fin, at least 12 cm wide, that should be painted with primer. The tooth normally present in commercially available skylights for connecting to the tiles will have to be flattened with a hammer.

The connection fin should rest on strips of DEFEND 4 at least 10 cm wide which should be bonded to the substructure before the waterproofing membrane is applied. They should then be torch-bonded to the reinforcement strips in 4 mm TESTUDO SPUNBOND placed astride the joint in the sheet and the 4 mm DEFEND. THE MINERAL TESTUDO should be bonded on top..

With THERMOBASE TEGOLA, the casing of the skylight should protrude out of the plane of the roof in such a way that the connecting sheet rests on the THERMOBASE. A strip of bituminous mastic should be applied between the sheet and the insulation. Lungo il perimetro del lucernario la superficie mineralizzata del THERMOBASE verrà verniciata con primer per una zona larga 20 cm. Successivamente il collegamento impermeabile verrà realizzato con fasce di TESTUDO SPUNBOND da 4 mm ricoperte di MINERAL TESTUDO incollate a cavallo della lamiera e dell’isolante.

Skylights

In the case of flues in metal, asbestos cement, or plastic, the membrane cannot be anchored in the body of the chimney, and therefore the waterproof join should be created with shaped sections in metal or rubbers resistant to external agents.The join should be formed by a “reverse socket” type sleeve with a connection fin at least 12 cm wide, which should be painted with primer, to which the waterproof membrane should be bonded, and a protection collar that should be attached to the chimney.

The connection fin should be torch-bonded to a piece of DEFEND 4 that is 10 cm wider, previously bonded to the sub-structure.Another piece of reinforcement in TESTUDO SPUNBOND 20-4 should then be attached, and the MINERAL TESTUDO should be bonded to this.

If THERMOBASE TEGOLA has been used, the same procedure should be followed, after priming the mineralised surface of the THERMOBASE to which the piece of DEFEND should be bonded.

Flues less than ø 20 cm in diameter, TV aerials, etc.


The guttering channel should be fitted with a metal fin to connect to the waterproofing, or should be connected using a shaped piece of sheet. When possible, the second system is preferable, as it is easier to maintain.

The primed metal connection fin should be attached to a piece of DEFEND 4 at least 10 cm wide previously bonded to the edge of the roof.A strip of 4 mm TESTUDO SPUNBOND, 10 cm wider than the DEFEND 4, should be torch-bonded to this, and the whole assembly covered with the MINERAL TESTUDO.

The edge of the roof should be finished with a cement ridge or timber batten as thick as the THERMOBASE. The vapour barrier should be extended over this ridge and the shaped connection piece attached to it.The primed sheet should be bonded to a strip of 20-4 TESTUDO SPUNBOND at least 10 cm wide, and a strip of MINERAL TESTUDO should be torch-bonded to this.

Eaves line

The side edge of the roof may be finished with a parapet or with a profiled metal section fitted with a connection fin, which should be painted with primer.

PARAPETThe parapet should be covered with a strip of 4 mm TESTUDO SPUNBOND torch-bonded to the primer coat. It should then be covered with MINERAL TESTUDO, and if necessary the top of the wall should be protected with metal flashing.METAL SECTIONA strip of DEFEND 4 10 cm wider than the section connection fin should be torch-bonded to the edge of the roof. The section should be attached to this and covered with a 4 mm TESTUDO SPUNBOND reinforcement strip to which the MINERAL TESTUDO should be bonded.

PARAPETThe vapour barrier should be extended onto the PARAPET, a 10 cm wide area of the THERMOBASE at the foot of the protrusion should be primed, and the join made with strips of TESTUDO SPUNBOND 20-4 covered with strips of MINERAL TESTUDO. If necessary the top of the wall should be protected with metal flashing.METAL SECTIONBefore the section is applied, the edge of the THERMOBASE should be primed and covered with a strip of DEFEND 4, 10 cm wider than the metal fin. The section should be laid on this band, covered with a strip of 4 mm TESTUDO SPUNBOND to which a strip of MINERAL TESTUDO 10 cm wider should be bonded.

Side edges of the roof

The waterproofing should be reinforced on ridge, hip and valley lines.

Before the membrane is laid across the intersecting lines of the planes, strips of TESTUDO SPUNBOND at least 33 cm wide should be torch-bonded on. The MINERAL TESTUDO should then be bonded to this.

Strips of DEFEND ALU 3, 33 cm wide, should be torch-bonded onto the THERMOBASE TEGOLA across the plane intersection lines before the vapour barrier is laid.After the THERMOBASE TEGOLA has been laid, a strip of the area astride the ridge, hip and valley lines wide enough to allow a 22 cm wide strip of 4 mm TESTUDO SPUNBOND reinforcement to be torch-bonded should be primed. This should be covered with a strip of MINERAL TESTUDO of the same width.

Ridge, hip and valley lines


DETAILS OF LAYINGTIMBER ROOFS

The materials used to form the timber substructure on which, according to circumstances, the waterproof membrane or insulation and waterproofing layers will lie directly, must be expressly declared suitable for use on roofs by their manufacturer, and adequately protected with fungicides and insecticides which must be completely dried when laid.The substructure may be composed of small boards in solid wood, large wood-composite panels (from 2 to 4 m2 approximately), which when about to be used must have a humidity content, declared by the manufacturer, that is compatible with their use as roofing.The boarding should be suitably attached to the load-bearing beams, and must be smooth, with gaps and offsets of no more than 2 mm.

All the intersections between the planes of the roof must be connected with 0.30 m wide strips of ALUSIN (self protected membrane with aluminium foil) placed across the join line with the metal side down, nailed every 20 cm on both sides. Alternatively, for fissures ≥1 cm, metal sheets 0.25 m wide with thickness ≥0.6 mm should be used, nailed down on both sides at 20 cm intervals.Preparation

of the substructure

ALUSUN

ALUSUN

ALUSUN

ALUSUN

ALUSUN

ALUSUN

All the vertical parts in timber should be cov-ered with a 4 mm TESTUDO SPUNBOND POLIESTERE elastoplastomeric distilled bitu-men polymer membrane.The membrane should be mechanically fixed to the support with 10 mm head nails or metal staples every 10 cm on the overlaps and edges of the sheets, and in a zigzag formation at 33 cm intervals over the rest of the sheet, which should be returned over the surface by 20 cm. Alternatively, if the substructure consists of large wood-composite panels, the membrane may be torch-bonded after “pontage” has been applied to the panel join lines.

Preparation of protrusions and vertical parts in general

Timber support

Nails every 10 cm

Nails every 10 cm

Nails every 33 cm in zigzag formation


Flame test on Prominent overlap nailed to timber

To better show any passage of the flame over an OSB panel, a 10 mm panel of polystyrene, sensitive to temperatures over 80°C, is laid, and the PROMINENT is nailed to this.

Spreading the sheet of PROMINENT

Nailing the PROMINENT overlap Torching THERMOBASE TEGOLA

Check the integrity of the polystyrene panel to assess the passage of the flame under the nailed overlap of PROMINENT

No alterations in the polystyrene are evident.This shows that the flame did not pass beyond the nailed overlap of PROMINENT.

1 2

3 4

5 6

Micro ventilation and airspace ventilation

S1

S2

S1

S2

S1 = Under-tile microventilationS2 = Ventilation of the insulation of a ventilated roof

Primary ventilation intake S2 from the eaves line Ventilation outlets S1+S2 from the eaves line


Notes


Technical specifications

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© INDEX S.p.A.

• for the correct use of our products, consult the Index technIcal specIfIcatIons• contact our technIcal offIce for further InforMatIon or specIal uses •

socio del GBC Italia

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under-tile · this publication examines waterproofing elements made with products of small...

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