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Chapter 1 Jesus Christ and the Founding of the Church

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Page 1: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Chapter 1Jesus Christ and the Founding of the Church

Page 2: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Following the Crucifixion the Disciples . . .

• Were fearful • Were uncertain of their

future • Were (for the first time)

left alone without a leader

Page 3: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Pentecost • Fifty days after Easter (Resurrection)• Apostles received the Holy Spirit • Apostles given strength and courage to continue forth with

their mission

Page 4: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Stopped here

Page 5: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

History of the Christian Church

• A unique history that reflects Christ’s constant presence in the Church that at all times drives, interferes with, and shapes human history

Page 6: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

PART IThe Life of Jesus Christ

Page 7: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Jesus of Nazareth

• Born in the year 3/4 B.C.

• Spoke Hebrew/Aramaic

• Was a Carpenter • Teachings constitute

the Deposit of Faith • Crucified in the year

33 A.D.

Page 8: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby
Page 9: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Shroud of Turin

Page 10: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Jesus of Nazareth’s Childhood

• Birth/Infancy Narratives

• Presentation in the Temple

• Flight of Mary and Joseph to Egypt

• Jesus preaching in the Temple to the Rabbi Elders

Page 11: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Ministry of Jesus

• Began with the Baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist

Page 12: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Ministry of Jesus

• First miracle: the Wedding at Cana• Cured the sick, healed the blind• Preached and taught the Word of God

Page 13: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby
Page 14: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Passion of Christ

• Jesus is condemned to death • Jesus is given His Cross

Page 15: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Passion of Christ

• Jesus falls for the first time• Jesus meets His mother • Simon carries the Cross• Veronica wipes the face of Christ • Jesus falls the second time • Jesus meets the daughters of

Jerusalem

Page 16: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Passion of Christ

• Jesus falls the third time• Jesus is stripped of his

garments• Jesus is nailed to the

Cross• Jesus dies on the Cross• Jesus’ body is removed

from the cross• Jesus is laid in the tomb

and covered in incense

Page 17: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Resurrection and Appearances

As Mary Magdalene and "the other Mary" were running from the empty tomb to inform the disciples that he is alive, Jesus tells the women to instruct the disciples to go to Galilee ahead of him to greet him (Matthew 28:10).

Page 18: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Resurrection and Appearances

• To Mary of Magdala. At first she did not recognize him and thought that he was a gardener. When he said her name, she recognized him.

• To the disciples (not including Thomas) on that same day. They were indoors "for fear of the Jews." Jesus entered and stood in their midst while the doors were shut.

• To the disciples including Thomas, called Didymus. This was a week later, again indoors, and resulted in the famous doubting Thomas conversation.

(The Gospel of John)

Page 19: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Teachings of Jesus of Nazareth

Page 20: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Teachings of Jesus of Nazareth

St. Augustine of Hippo:

“Perfect standard of Christian Life”

Page 21: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5: 3-12)

• Beatitudes:

Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven

Blessed are they who mourn, for they will be comforted

Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the land

Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be satisfied

Page 22: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5: 3-12)

• The Beatitudes:

Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy

Blessed are the clean of heart, for they will see God

Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called Children of God

Blessed are they who are persecuted for the sake of righteousness, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven

Page 23: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Teachings of Jesus of Nazareth

• Brought to fulfillment through the example of Christ’s suffering, death, and Resurrection

Page 24: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

PART IIPentecost: the Birth of the Church

Page 25: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Jewish Pentecost (Shavuot)

• Fifty days after Passover • Festival of the Harvest

Page 26: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Christian Pentecost • The Holy Spirit, just as Christ promised,

descended on the Apostles • Each Apostle spoke in tongues to a

multitude of pilgrims

Page 27: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Christian Pentecost

• Through the reception of Baptism, pilgrims were forgiven of their sins

Page 28: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Spiritual Gifts of the Holy Spirit

• Wisdom• Allows us to see God at work in our lives and in

the world• For the wise: historical events, wonders of nature,

and our daily lives take on a deeper meaning

Page 29: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Spiritual Gifts of the Holy Spirit

• Understanding • Helps us comprehend how to live a life as a follower of

Christ • Perfects a person’s speculative reason in apprehension

of the Truth

Page 30: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Spiritual Gifts of the Holy Spirit

• Right Judgment (Counsel)

• Helps us know the difference between right and wrong

• Person with Right Judgment avoids sin and lives life according to the teachings of Christ

Page 31: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Spiritual Gifts of the Holy Spirit

• Fortitude (Courage)• Helps us to take risks as followers of Christ

Page 32: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Spiritual Gifts of the Holy Spirit

• Knowledge• Helps us

understand the meaning of God’s Revelation

• Person with knowledge is always learning more about Scripture and Tradition

Page 33: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Spiritual Gifts of the Holy Spirit

• Piety (Reverence) • Gives us a deep sense of respect for God and His Church

Page 35: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby
Page 36: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

PART IIIThe Church

Page 37: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Church (Scripture)

• The Church is the Body of Christ and the Temple of the Holy Spirit

(Eph 1: 22-23)

Page 38: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Church . . .

• Gk: “Things belonging to the Lord” • Latin: “ecclesia”: Gk “assembly”

Page 39: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Church . . .

• … is both the means and the goal of God’s plan” (CCC 778)

• Founded by Jesus, guided by the Holy Spirit

Page 40: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Church . . .

• Foundation began with God’s covenant with the Jewish people

Page 41: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Dimensions of the Church

• The Visible • The Spiritual

Page 42: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Church’s Unity with Christ

• “He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him”

• (Jn 6:56)

Page 43: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Marks of the Church (Nicene Creed)

• The Church is

One • The Church is

Holy • The Church is

Catholic • The Church is

Apostolic

Page 44: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

PART IVThe Apostles

Page 45: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

“Apostle”

• Gk: apostolos• “to send away” • Twelve men chosen

by Jesus

Page 46: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Apostles • Fishermen, tax collector, friends and relatives of Jesus • Left former lives to follow Jesus (Mt 4: 18-22)

Page 47: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Apostles

• Were selected by Jesus after a night of prayerful reflection

• (Lk6:12-16, Mk 3:13-19, Mt 10:1-4)

Page 48: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Apostles

• First witnesses to Christ’s life, message, and Resurrection

Page 49: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Apostles

• Mission: to intro. World to “Good News”

• Passed on their priestly powers through the office of Bishop

Page 50: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Stephen

• Deacon • First Martyr for Christ

Page 51: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Paul

• Saul • Sadducee (studied the Law under a Pharisee) • Consented to execution of St. Stephen

Page 52: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Paul

• The Law was the sacred covenant between God and His people

• The Christian Church was a threat to this covenant

Page 53: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Paul

• Converted to Christianity on the way to Damascus

Page 54: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Writings of St. Paul “Apostate to the Gentiles”

• 50 AD• Thirteen Epistles • Refers to missionary

work • Highly developed

theology • Oldest in NT

Page 55: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Conversion of the Gentiles

• Christianity part of the Jewish community

• Early Christians still followed Jewish Law

• Jewish laws forbade inclusion of the Gentiles

Page 56: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

The Council of Jerusalem

• Around 50 AD• Did Gentiles who converted to Christianity have

to follow Mosaic Law?• St Paul: Faith in Jesus excludes Gentiles from

Old Law• Pharisees: Gentiles had to follow the Old Law

Page 58: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Missionary Activities of the Apostles

Page 59: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Peter (1-64 AD)

• Fisherman • Walked on water:

Sank when Faith wavered (Matthew)

• First pope• Special Power over

Roman Church (St. Ignatius)

Page 60: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Peter (1-64 AD)

• Opposed Christian Pharisees (Council of Jerusalem)

• “Domine quo vadis” • Crucified under Nero

Page 61: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Paul

• Beheaded in Rome • Ministry in Palestine and Asia Minor

Page 62: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Paul

Page 63: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Andrew

• Brother of St. Peter • Eusebius recorded that his

missionary activities took him to Scythia

• Last journeys took him through Byzantium, Greece, and Patros

• Was crucified in Patros on an “X” shaped cross

Page 64: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. James (the Greater)

• The son of Zebedee• Were simple fishermen • Formed, with Peter, the inner

circle among the Twelve (witnessed the raising of the daughter of Jairus, the Transfiguration, and the agony in the Garden)

• St. James was among the first of the Twelve to give his life for his Master

Page 65: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. John

• Authored the fourth Gospel, Revelation, and three of the Catholic Epistles (according to tradition)

• Was imprisoned with St. Peter and summoned before the Sanhedrin

• “Beloved Disciple” • Believed to have been

unharmed after placed in burning oil by Domitian

• Son of Zebedee

Page 66: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Bartholomew

• Only mentioned in the Synoptic Gospels

• Made journey to preach the Gospel in and around Persia

• India: Left Gospel of Matthew (Eusebius)

• Flayed alive in Armenia (according to tradition)

Page 67: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Matthew

• Apostolic mission was directed toward the Jews

• Gospel is the only one written in Aramaic

• Martyr? • Was a tax collector

Page 68: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Thomas

• “Doubting Thomas” listed as one of the Twelve in all four Gospels

• Eusebius claims Thomas evangelized the Parthians

• The Acts of St. Thomas (Gnostic): India

• Gospel According to St. Thomas (Gnostic): Childhood of Jesus

Page 69: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. James the Less

• Son of Alphaeus• Younger in age/ short

(than James the Greater)• The first Bishop of

Jerusalem

Page 71: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St Phillip

• Was present at the multiplication of the fish and loaves

• Presented a group of Greeks to Jesus

Page 72: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

St. Judas (Thadeus)

• Patron St. of Lost Causes

• Brother of St. James the Less

Page 73: Under thy patronage, dear Mother, and calling on the mystery of thine Immaculate Conception, I desire to pursue my studies and my literary labors: I hereby

Judas Iscariot

• Betrayed Jesus • Fall serves as a

warning that even the graces given to Christ’s Apostles may be no avail of one is unfaithful and does not believe