underground gasification technology (ucg).pptx
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Underground Coal Gasification Technology a solution to cleaner energy and fuel for the future.TRANSCRIPT
Underground Gasification Technology (UCG): Click to edit Solution to Produce Master subtitle Electricity, style Natural Gas andDiesel ByAjie Ekpere Reuben-Denzel {IAPM-CIPM,PMP} Project Controls Director HydroEssence Inc.
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Contents of this presentationAdvancement in UCG Technology Some Questions to Consider UCG UCG Market Brief Timeline for Gas Supply Chain Opportunity UCG World Sites && Lessons Learned Best UCG Practices Principles Essentials Conclusions UCG? References
Cost Analysis & Attractiveness Thank You UCG Development & Process Advancement in UCG 3/22/1322
Some Questions to ConsiderWhat is possible?
What are the risks?
What do we know, and dont know, about the
technology?
What is the feasibility of applying
underground gasification technology?o What are the Economic & Environmental
Benefits?o What is driving the UCG technology?3/22/13 o What 33 is the possibility that we aim too low or
UCG Brief TimelineThe earliest recorded mention of the idea of
underground coal gasification was in 1868, when Sir William Siemens in his address to the Chemical Society of London suggested the underground gasification of waste and slack coal in the mine. Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev further developed Siemens' idea over the next couple of decades
1912 Co. Durham UK First Test 1930s Intensive Soviet Development3/22/13 1950/60s Early European Trials Inc. 44
UCG WORLD SITES
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Source:(Fire in the
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UCG PRINCIPLES & ESSENTIALS
Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) converts coal into a
gaseous form (syngas) through the same chemical reactions that occur in surface gasifiers The economics of UCG look promising as capital expenses
are considerably less than surface gasification Essentials:o Site location -biggest issue o Coal characteristicsoperations o Technologies-connecting wells o No authentic publication of figures in literature for carrying out
cost economics
o Costing of a UCG Project and economic calculations thereof 66 are 3/22/13 a challenge to all first timers
Underground GasificationUnderground coal gasification (UCG) is the in-situ conversion of coal into combustible . gases (CO, H2 & CH4) A complex process involving o chemical reactions o heat and mass transfer o complex flow dynamics & o growing cavity dimensions Advantages over conventional process are Low dust and noise No ash handling at power stations No coal stocking and transportation Larger coal resource exploitation Converts sulphur (S) to H2S and nitrogen (N) to NH3 instead of SO2 and Nox Disadvantages Surface subsidence Aquifer water contamination
Technology?
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UCG in Action
Source: 3/22/13 http://www.cougarenergy.com.au/what_is_ucg.ph
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Cost Analysis UCG for Electricity
Even though the syngas obtained from a UCG operation can
be used in many applications, such as the production of chemicals (e.g., hydrogen, ammonia, or methanol), or liquid fuels, the primary use is for electricity generation
According to the information developed by GE and Bechtel
(Bechtel and General Electric, 2005), the cost of a supercritical pulverized coal (SCPC) power plant ranges from 1200 to 1460 $/kW. The same study estimates that the next generation of IGCC power plants will be about 10% more expensive than the SCPC plants (vs. the current 20 to 25 % premium)
This places the cost of IGCC plants at 1440 to 1750 $/kW
current technology, and 1320 to 1600 $/kW (advanced 3/22/13 99 technology). Dalton has estimated the cost of an IGCC plant
Costs for Production and Electricity Produced
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Source: Rembrandt
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Cost Analysis UCG for Electricity
Another measure of cost competitiveness is
the cost of electricity (COE). Dalton has estimated the COE for SCPC and IGCC plants at $46.6/MWh and $49.9/ MWh, respectively (Dalton, 2004)
Based on the numbers published by Ergo
Exergy (Blinderman, 2002), UCG-based plants are significantly cheaper to build, and they have a lower COE. The costs presented by Blinderman shows that the capital cost of an 3/22/13 1111
Cost Attractiveness of UCG
Most conventional mines require a large capital
injection upfront, with operators having to wait several years for any return on investment. With UCG, the capital invested for the recovery of the gas should be much lower and will tend to be phased throughout the project as new panels are developed. Coal transportation costs are also eliminatedIt is estimated that the upfront capital
requirement will be typically only around 10% of that required for traditional mining, while the 1212 3/22/13
Cost Attractiveness of UCGLow-cost Source of Hydrocarbons:No mining No purchase of coal; no ash management No gasifier purchase or operation High pressure syngas stream = low cost CO2
separationNo particulates or NOx; sulfur management
straightforward
Good coincidence between CCS and UCG sites3/22/13
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Costs for Natural Gas per MMBTU for Comparison
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Source: Rembrandt
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UCG DevelopmentThere has been significant developments in New generation of UCG:o Horizontal well technology o Adoption of oil and gas technology for reliability
UCG modeling, design and resource building
and repeatabilityo Increased resource recovery and generator life o Oxygen enrichment o Increased capital efficiency.3/22/13 1515
o Visible progress towards commercialization.
The UCG process With underground coal gasification (UCG), the actual
process takes place underground, generally below 1,200 feet. The underground setting provides both the feedstock source, as well as pressures comparable to that in an aboveground gasifier.
With most UCG facilities, two wells are drilled on either side
of an underground coal seam. One well is used to inject air or oxygen (and sometimes steam) into the coal seam to initiate the gasification reactions.
The second well is used to collect the synthesis gas (syngas)3/22/13
that is formed from the gasification reactions and to pipe it 1616 to the surface for additional processing and use. A pair of
Underground Coal Gasification Process
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Source: Rembrandt
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Underground Coal Gasification Process
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Source: Ergo Energy
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Advancement in(UCG) Technology
A new technology was announced in May 2012 by developer
Portman Energy wherein a method called SWIFT (Single Well Integrated Flow Tubing) using a single vertical well for both Syngas recovery and oxidant delivery. The design has a single casing of tubing strings enclosed,
filled with an inert gas to allow for leak monitoring, corrosion prevention and heat transfer. A series of horizontally drilled lateral oxidant delivery lines
into the coal and a single or multiple syngas recovery pipeline(s) allow for a larger area of coal to be combusted at one time. The developers claim this method will increase the syngas production by up to ten (10) times prior design approaches and the single well design mean development costs are significantly lower and the facilities and wellheads 3/22/13 1919 are concentrated at a single point reducing surface access
Advancement in UCG Technology,injection point (CRIP) configuration
using the controlled retracting
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Source:frack-
2020
Advancement in (UCG) Technology
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THE Cougar Energy
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Converting Un-mineable Coal UCG can help meet the rising energy demand by converting
coal to energy and products, utilizing resources that otherwise would be too deep, of poor quality, or simply not economical to mine
Estimates suggest that UCG could help increase the
recoverable coal reserves by as much as 300%-400% (Accelerating Development of Underground Coal Gasification, Dr. S Julio Friedman, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2007)
In general, UCG can operate at up to about 80% efficiency3/22/13
that is, the amount of the syngas energy recovered at the 2222 surface is about 80% of the original heating value of the
Economic Benefits of UCGNo need for the coal to be mined No need for coal handling No need to transport the coal
There are a number of significant economic benefits associated with UCG that include:
No need to prepare the coal to be fed into a
reactor
No need for disposing of ash or slag No need for an above ground gasification3/22/13
plant
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Environmental Benefits of UCGMinimal land use
There are also a number of environmental benefits with UCG:Significantly reduced use of groundwater
or freshwater
Underground saline water is usedo No environmental impacts traditionally
associated with coal mining and handling3/22/13 drinking
o Coal seams being gasified are below the fresh
water supplies
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Achieving the gas demand with ucg
Research has shown that Gasification can be used to
produce substitute natural gas (SNG) from coal. Using a methanation reaction, the coal-based syngas- mostly carbon monoxide and hydrogen are convertible to methane.
Almost chemically identical to conventional natural gas, the
resulting SNG can be transported in existing natural gas pipeline networks and be used to generate electricity, produce chemicals/fertilizers, or heat homes and businesses. Increased production of SNG will enhance domestic fuel security by displacing imported natural gas that is likely to be supplied through Cross Country pipelines or in the form of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)3/22/13 2525
UCG MarketToday, the most UCG activity is occurring in
Australia, China, and South Africa - with China having the largest UCG program worldwide. Canada and the U.S. In addition, India and New Zealand have begun the initial efforts to explore UCG. Several of these projects involve carbon capture and sequestration.
There are a limited number of projects in
UCG does face a number of issues, including:3/22/13
o A number of coal seams may not be suitable for
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Opportunities for Gas Supply
The availability of feed stock and its price is most important
for efficient production of fertilizer and its competitive cost. Natural Gas is preferred Feed Stock because it is a clean and efficient feed / fuel as compared to liquid fuels.
The total reserves of Natural Gas in the world are 6040 TCF.
With the present reserve to production ratio the reserves will last up to 70 years
More than 70% of the World production of Urea is based on
Natural Gas. It is no longer news that it is in short supply to many fertilizer plants globally.2727
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Opportunities for Gas Supply
Today the opportunities to supply gas directly to fertilizer
plants exist worldwide, regionally and nationally as most national governments are struggling today with managing the allocation of available gas resources sector wise. This has given rise to continued search for commercially
sustainable alternative gas supply sources as feedstock to fertilizer plants to meet its sectorial demand and to remain optimally functional and competitive.
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Best Practices and Lessons Learned The extensive experience, lengthy literatures, and current
commercial experiments with UCG provides enough information to begin to distill a few key learnings. These are meant to advise potential investors, operators, regulators, and decision makers in planning, approving, and ultimately operating UCG sites.
These learnings have been reduced to a few quick
discussion points:o Geological characterization of a site is central to technical
success and environmental risk managemento Advanced simulation can help provide insight into planning
surface facilities, operational programs, and environmental due diligence 3/22/13 2929
ConclusionThe technologies of UCG have been
technically proven to work at numerous locations and different depths ranging from several hundred metres up to 1.4 km of depth.
The economics look promising with costs
competitive to natural gas and coal markets. Furthermore, a combination with gas-to-liquids technology would enable the production of fairly cheap synthetic diesel. These possibilities together with the potential to unlock vast new coal seams unavailable via 3/22/13 3030 conventional mining make UCG an important
References Blinderman, M.S., 2005a, UCG History.
http://www.ergoexergy.com/eUCG_his.htm www.ergoexergy.com/eucg.htm
Blinderman, M.S., 2005b, UCG. http:// Bechtel and General Electric, 2005, About IGCC Power.
http://www.cleanenergy.us/facts/igcc.htm
Beyer, L., et al., 1986, Large Scale Apparatus for Simulating UCG,
Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Underground Coal Gasification Symposium, DOE/FE/60922-H1. Stephens, 1980, Highlights of the LLL Hoe Creek No. 3 Underground Coal Gasification Experiment., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA. UCRL-83768.
Aiman, W.R., R. J. Cena, R.W. Hill, C. B. Thorsness, and R. R.
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THE END
Thank You and God bless3/22/13 3232