understanding and preventing modern forms of violence 29 may 2014, 10:00 am est/16h utc learning...
TRANSCRIPT
Understanding and Preventing Modern Forms of Violence
29 May 2014, 10:00 am EST/16h UTC
Learning Network on Capacity Development (LenCD)in collaboration with
The World Bank Institute
Tips for participating in the Webinar
Participants • You should be able to see and hear the presenter and discussant.• Please type questions into the “chat” box . The moderator, who will be
off camera, will collect them and pose them to the presenter and the discussant.
• The entire event including text chat will be recorded and archived.
Webinar Video • A recording will be placed on the LenCD website after the event and
you will be able to leave questions and comments there. The presenters will respond to questions left within one week of the event.
Welcome and Introductions
• LenCD is an informal and open Learning Network on Capacity Development, active since 2004
• LenCD aims to promote and facilitate sharing of lessons and learning on capacity development and promote changes for better CD practice at the global, regional and local levels.
• Disclaimer: Individual webinars are organized and hosted by LenCD partners. LenCD does not endorse any specific views expressed by presenters but facilitates that knowledge “gets around”. Knowledge items from these webinars are featured at www.LenCD.org
• WBI is a global connector of knowledge, learning and innovation for poverty reduction.
– Barbara Friday
– Rea Abada Chiongson
Background
2011 World Development Report “Conflict, Security and
Development”
4 Module E-course created
Course Outline
Forms and Impacts of ViolenceDrivers of Violence and Fragility
Challenges and ApproachesWays and Means of Reform
Module One
Understanding Modern Forms of Violence and FragilityEscaping FragilityInternational Support
Module Two
Module Three
Restoring ConfidenceTransforming Institutions
Module Four
Overview
Nature of Violence &
Fragility
Developing Resilience
International Support
How is Violence Changing?
• Conflicts between states are less common– Non-state actors– Battlefield deaths – Urban violence
• Regional spillovers remain challenging– Great Lakes– Burma/Thailand
• Violence often reflects social divides
How is Violence Changing?• Organized crime is the largest
contributor to violent killings
• Intentional homicide accounts for far more lives lost than wars or conflict
• Violence tends to exist in multiple forms– Trafficking: drugs, weapons,
people, timber– Gangs– Political contests– Local conflicts– Transnational ideological
What are the Drivers?
Stresses Internal ExternalSecurity Legacies of violence Invasion
Cross-border conflictsTransnational terrorismInternational criminal networks
Economic Low opportunity cost rebellionYouth unemploymentNatural resourcesSevere corruptionRapid urbanization
Price shocksClimate change
Justice Ethnic, religious or regional competitionReal or perceived discriminationHuman rights abuses
Perceived global inequity and injustice in the treatment of ethnic or religious groups
What are the Impacts?
Mass Displacement• Mass displacement• Nearly 3mm refugees have
fled Syria and 6.5 mm are internally displaced
• Non-IDPs flee mainly to neighboring poor countries
Lower MDG targets• While 20% of fragile
countries met the target to halve extreme hunger and poverty
• A child in a conflict affected state is twice as likely to be undernourished as a child in a developing country
How to Escape Fragility?Restoring Confidence
• Nationally owned solutions• Reconstructing social
compact between governors/governed
• Building trust• Creating Inclusive multi-
stakeholder coalitions
How to Escape Fragility?Restoring Confidence
• Delivering early results– Colombia
• Reaching remote populations
• Signaling state reach
• Increasing transparency– Liberia Open Budget
Initiative• Citizen Guide to the state
budget• Public electronic billboard
on state revenues and expenditures
How to Escape Fragility?Strengthening Institutions
• Citizen security and safety– Security and development
• Restoring basic justice– Rwanda
• Creating jobs and enabling environment
• Rebuilding basic infrastructure
How to Escape Fragility?Strengthening Institutions
• Focus on vocational and agricultural livelihoods and engage youth– Northern Uganda vocational
training, life skills and counseling reduced aggression
– Liberian agricultural livelihoods for high risk youth reduced illegal activities
– Dominican Republic vocational and life skills training reduced gang involvement and delayed teen pregnancy
• Employ ex-combatants
– Aceh: targeted aid to ex-combatants and political prisoners• Increased employment• Diminished poverty
• Transitions take time
An Example from Papua New GuineaOK Tedi - A Pioneering Experience for Women
Prior to the 2007 CMCA negotiations, decisions were purely made by male leaders without any input from women or their representatives.
The 2006/07 negotiation involved two women leaders, Ms. Ume Wainetti and Reverend Anna Bisai, who represented women and children.
Although challenging, the 2007 CMCAs achieved 3 significant “firsts” as far women’s representation is concerned. • Set aside of 10 percent of negotiated mine benefits for
women and children (women and children’s funds)• Women’s participation in decision-making process on
the use of development funds and investments.• CMCA women’s right to be represented on Village
Planning Committees (VPC), the CMCA Association and the OTD Board.
2006/07 MLE and women2 prominent Western Province women leaders
Male leadership resisted from the outset.
Negotiated outcomes:• Recognition of women’s
participation in the decision-making process and governance structures; and
• 10 percent set aside for projects and investments for women and children.
2012 MLE and women30 Western Province women leaders • 3 from each of the 8 Trusts (24) and 6
from the Mine Villages
Male leaders recognized women’s important roles
Negotiated outcomes:• Set asides ranging from 10 percent to
18.24 percent.
An Example from Papua New GuineaTwo Negotiations, Two Outcomes
An Example from Papua New GuineaImplications for the Future
Conclusions
• Higher levels of education attainment enhances women’s leadership roles
• Level of preparedness and relationship building are conducive to effective negotiations.
• Changes in attitudes and mindsets are happening, but pace is not fast enough.
• Implementation of 2006/07 CMCA remains a challenge.
What made the difference in 2012?
Negotiating strategies: What additional strategies did women use?• Collaboration amongst themselves• Evidence and demonstration of
community-wide benefits • Securing male advocates
Preparation: What additional measures were taken to enhance women’s effective participation:• Independent National Facilitators• Nationally Recognized Independent
External Observers
International SupportWhat are the FCS Doing?
• Creating a big deal• g7+ and International Dialogue• New Deal• Advocating for Peacekeeping and
Statebuilding Goals, PSGs– Inclusive politics– Security– Justice– Economic Foundations– Revenue and Services
• Piloting new analytical tools, indicators and frameworks
How can International Actors Better Support FCS?
• Support locally driven reforms
• Prioritize security, justice and jobs
• Make funding flows more predictable
• Adapt procedures to FCS circumstances
• Increase coordination• Mitigate external risks• Focus on prevention
Information about the Course:What are Upcoming Course Dates?
Course will be available June 9 – June 27 Self Paced with facilitated discussions
Contact: Seth Ayers – [email protected]
Barbara Friday – [email protected]
Information about the Course:What are the Course Elements?
• Narrated Presentation
• Required Readings • Case Studies• Discussions on Key
Issues • Quizzes • Videos
Participants Survey
• We would greatly appreciate a few minutes of your time to find out what you thought of today’s webinar and how we can make future webinars better. Please leave comments at:
• https://www.research.net/s/MSMTS38