understanding concept of rasayana in respect to dhaatu
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UNDERSTANDING CONCEPT OF RASAYANA IN RESPECT TO DHAATU & STEM CELLS
DR BS PRASAD MD, PhDPRINCIPALKLEU SHRI BMK AYURVED MAHAVIDYALAYABELGAUM, KARNATAKA
Scientists are promising
•Culturing of any type of cells•Making available of one’s own duplicate
organs for transplant
•What made the scientists think and postulate stem cells?
and •What they are?
120 days
Haemopiotic Cells
RBCs
WBCs
????What after
Formation of RBC
Spermatogenesis
2N
2N
1N
2N
1N
1N
1N
What next?
Spermatogenesis
•In 1960S the existence of stem cells in an irradiated mouse was reported by Canadian scientists Ernest A. McCulloch and James E.
120 days
Blood Stem cells
RBCs
WBCs
After
STEM CELLS
•Cells that can make more of themselves
•Cells that can become almost any cell
Stem cells
•Stem cells are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods.
•Unlike muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells—which do not normally replicate themselves—stem cells may replicate many times, or proliferate.
•Stem cells differ from other kinds of cells and have three general properties: ▫they are capable of dividing and renewing
themselves for long periods▫they are unspecialized▫they can give rise to specialized cell types
•Stem cells are unspecialized. •Stem cells do not have any tissue-specific
structures that allow to perform specialized functions.
•For example, a stem cell cannot pump blood (like a heart muscle cell), and it cannot carry oxygen molecules (like a red blood cell).
•Unspecialized stem cells can give rise to specialized cells, including heart muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells and the process is called differentiation.
•Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to all the types of blood cells: red blood cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages.
•Mesenchymal stem cells give rise to a variety of cell types: bone cells (osteocytes), cartilage cells (chondrocytes), fat cells (adipocytes) etc.
•Neural stem cells in the brain give rise to its three major cell types: nerve cells (neurons) and two categories of non-neuronal cells—astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
•Epithelial stem cells in the lining of the digestive tract give rise to several cell types: absorptive cells, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells.
•The epidermal stem cells give rise to keratinocytes
•The follicular stem cells can give rise to both the hair follicle and to the epidermis.
Stem cell classification
•By source▫Embryonic▫Adult
•By potency▫Totipotent▫Pluripotent▫Multipotent▫Oligopotent▫Unipotent
•Potency is how many types of cells a stem cell can become.
▫Totipotent stem cells are capable of developing into any other type of body cell.
▫Pluripotent cells are almost as potent as totipotent stem cells. They have barely started differentiating and can develop into almost any other type of cell, except placenta.
▫ Multipotent stem cells that have begun differentiating into a general type of cell. For blood cell giving rise to a blood cell only but not brain cell.
▫ Oligopotent stem cells can differentiate into only a few types of cell. For example, a lymphoid stem cell can become any of the blood cells found in the lymphatic system (T cells, B cells, and plasma cells), but not a different kind of blood cell, such as a red blood cell, or platelet.
▫ Unipotent stem cells can only become one type of cell their own. They are considered stem cells because they can reproduce indefinitely. An example is skin cells, which can renew themselves indefinitely, but which cannot become any other type of cell.
Embryonic stem cells
•Embryonic stem cells come from a five to six -day- old embryo. They have the ability to form virtually any type of cell found in the human body.
•Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body.
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
Blastocyst
Adult stem cells
•Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found among specialised (differentiated) cells in a tissue or organ after birth.
•Adult stem cells have limited to differentiating capasity.
•Adult stem cells have been identified in many organs and tissues, including brain, bone marrow, peripheral blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, skin, teeth, heart, gut, liver, ovarian epithelium, and testis.
•They are thought to reside in a specific area of each tissue (called a "stem cell niche").
•Differentiation of adult stem cells: •Adult stem cells divide, when needed, and
can give rise to mature cell types that have ▫Characteristic shape▫Specialized structures ▫Functions of a particular tissue
Adult stem cell differentiation
•A blood-forming cell in the bone marrow - hematopoietic stem cell—cannot give rise to the cells of a very different tissue, such as nerve cells in the brain.
Differentiation
Transformation
• Scientists discovered two regions of the brain that contained dividing cells that ultimately become nerve cells.
• Despite these reports, most scientists believed that the adult brain could not generate new nerve cells.
• It was not until the 1990s that scientists agreed that the adult brain does contain stem cells that are able to generate the brain's three major cell types—astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which are non-neuronal cells, and neurons, or nerve cells.
Dhatu
•Ayurved identified sapta dhatu and few upadhatu.
•Adya rasadhatu is the source for Saptadhatu
•Sukshmabhaga of dhatu nourishes successive dhatu
•Uttarottara dhatu poshana is possible only in forward direction
•Several types of tissues are described at present
•Ayurved considered group of tissues under one dhatu and hence listed only seven dhatu
•Dhatu concept represent advanced stem cell theories
STHAYI DHATU (STEM CELLS)
ASTHAYI DHATU (FUNCTIONAL
CELLS)
STHULA BHAGA
SUKSHMABHAGA (STEM CELLS UNDERGOING TRANSFORMATION)
POSHYA (CELLULAR
PART)
FROM ANNARASA (EXOGENOUS)
FROM SARIRARASA (ENDOGENOUS)
POSHAKA (NOURISHMENT PART FROM RASA)
D H A T U
FERTILIZATION
FUNCTIONAL TISSUES OF SKIN ETC.
(ASTHAYI RASA DHATU)
DI F
FE
RE
NT
I AT
ION
STAGE OF TOTIPOTENT CELLS (STHAYI RASA DHATU
TOTIPOTENT CELLS UNDERGOING….
TRANSFORMATION
SUKSHMABHAGA
Stem cells of Mamsa Dhatu(Sthayi Mamsa Dhatu)
Differentiation
Sukshma Bhaga of Mamsa dhatuTransforming into
Meda dhatu
Asthayi Mamsa Dhatu
Asthayi Rasadhatu(Functional skin tissue)
Asthayi Raktadhatu
Asthayi Mamsa dhatu
Sukshma Bhaga
Differentiation
Sthayi Rasa dhatu
Sthayi Rakta dhatu
Sukshma Bhaga
Differentiation
RBC WBCPlatelets
Sthayi Mamsa dhatu
RASAYANA
•Geriatric medicine•Immuno-modulator•Anti-oxidant•Nutrient supplement•Rejuvenator
RASAYANA
•Measures to obtain tissues of optimum quality & quantity
•Vayasthaapana/Ayu (100 yrs of life or preserving youth for more years)
•Smriti, Medha•Balakara•Prabha, Varna•Svaroudaarya•Vaaksiddhi
•Rogaapaharana•Achintyaatbhuta prabhava•Nidra, tandra, srama, klama, alasya hara•Daurbalya hara•Anila, kapha, pitta saamyakara•Sthairya kara•Abaddha mamsa hara•Antaragni sandhukshanam•Sthirasamabhaktha maamsaaha•Susamhita sthira sarira•Sarvatra apratihata paraakramaha•Klesha saha
Rasayana is
•Cell proliferator•Nutrient supplement•Immunomodulation•Antioxidant•Metabolic corrector•Geriatric medicine•Functional capacity enhancer
IN RELATION TO PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS•Measures to obtain tissues of optimum
quality & quantity•Vayasthaapana/Ayu (100 yrs of life or
preserving youth for more years)•Sthira samabhaktha maamsaaha•Susamhita sthira sarira•Jivaniya – Jeevaka, Rishabhaka•Brimhaniya – Aswagandha, Kakoli
MULTI/OLIGO/POTENT STEM CELLS
•Balakara•Rogaapaharana•Antaragni sandhukshanam•GI system – Bilva, Guduchi•Urinary system – Punarnava, Gokshura•Respiratory – Pippali, Pushkaramula
Unipotent stem cells
•Smriti, Medha•Prabha, Varna•Svaroudaarya, •Abaddha mamsa hara•Sukra janaka•Keshya•Chakshushya
Somopaana vidhi – kuti pravesika Rasayana
Day EventSecond Vamana with maggots & blood stain
Third Virechana with maggots
Fourth Whole body swelling & maggots from all orifices
Seventh Only skin & bones remain. Life is preserved due to soma
Eighth Skin shred off. Fall of teeth, nails, body hair
17th & 18th
Eruption of good teeth & nails….
VIDANGA TANDULA RASAYANA
Duration EventAfter a month
Maggots come out of body
Second month
Ant like creatures come out
Third month Lice comes out
Fourth month
Fall off – teeth, nails, body hair
Fifth month Good strength & lusterIncreased perception of sense organs
Asthayi Rasadhatu(Functional skin tissue)
Asthayi Raktadhatu
Asthayi Mamsa dhatu
Sukshma Bhaga
Differentiation
Sthayi Rasa dhatu
Sthayi Rakta dhatu
Sukshma Bhaga
Differentiation
RBC WBCPlatelets
Sthayi Mamsa dhatu
Rasayana
•As the stem cells give rise to functional tissues rasayana drugs are supposed to act on stem cells
•Tissue/system specific rasayana are likely to act on that particular stem cells
•Rasayana drugs for vayasthapana – enhance cell proliferation capacity of stem cells
SUMMARY• Stem cells are unspecialised Cells capable of renew
or proliferate for longer times. • Unspecialized stem cells can give rise to specialized
cells and the process is called differentiation. • Stem cell classification:
▫By source: Embryonic, Adult▫By potency: Totipotent,
Pluri/Multi/Oligo/Unipotent• Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of
the body.• Dhaatu concept & advanced stem cell theories are
in same lines• Rasayana exerts effects mostly at stem cell level
FURTHER STUDIES
•Rasayana drugs specific to type of stem cells
•Stem cell lines
THANK YOU