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Understanding Fiber Optics

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FiberOptic

Testing

Volume2

Optical Fiber Types

Typical Fiber Cables Acableconsistsofopticalberssurroundedbymaterialsthatprovidethemwithmechanicalandenvironmentalprotection

Applications:Computer rooms,telecommunicationscentral oces,tunnels and conned areas,and riser shafts.

A tight buered tubecablecan hold 1to 12 bersper tube(upto 200bers in onecable).

Applications:Buildinginterconnections,telecommunications,data trunk,longhaul networks,and ducts between buildings.

For applications requiringmoistureand weather resistance.Loosetubecablecan hold 1to 12bers per tube(upto 200bersin onecable).

Fiber OpticTransmission

Windows

Optical Connecnnector

Optical Connector

Optical Transmissiontical Transmission

Physical Contact (PC) Connector Angled Physical Contact (APC) C

InsertionLoss:0to 0.5dBOpticalReturnLoss:>40 dB

InsertionLoss:0to 0.5dBOpticalReturnLoss:>60dB

InsertionLoss(IL): Lossin transmitted signalpower resultingfrom theinsertion ofacomponentin an opticalbeOptical ReturnLoss(ORL): Ratioofthe reected power totheincidentpower from aber opticlink or system,expressed asapositivevalue.

FC-PC/FC-APC

SC-PC/SC-APC

E2000-PC/E2000-APC(Ferrulediameter :1.25mm)

LC-PC/LC-APC(Ferrulediameter :1.25mm)

ST-PC

MU-PC/MU-APC

MT-RJ (Ribbon ber)

Biconic

DIN-PC/DIN-APC

Datacom,Telecommunication,CATV

Datacom,Telecommunication,CATV,LAN

Telecommunication,Datacom,CATV,LAN

High-density interconnectionDatacom,Telecommunication,CATV

Inter-/Intra-building,Security,Navy,Datacom,LAN

Datacom,Telecommunication,CATV

LAN,Datacom,Medicalinstrumentation,Remote,Sensing,Telemetry,CATV

Datacom,Telecommunication,CATV

Tatacom,LAN

It is very important to clean connectors.A dirty connector will dramaticallyincreasethepower loss.Inspect your connector beforeand after cleaningusinga vide

BeforeCleaning AfterCleaning

10001001051

0,50,1

0,010,001

0,0001

Absolute Power(mW)

+30+20+10+70

310203040

Absolute Power(dBm)

0,10

0,200,35

136

1020

Loss(dB)

2

58

2050759099

Power(%)

Measurement Units : Watts, dB, or dBm

dB: quantify gain or loss

dB = 10 log (P andP expressed in watts)PP

dBm:specify absolutepower levels

P (d Bm ) = 10 l og (P expressed in mW)P1mW

Fiber typeused and thecharacteristics ofthesource limit system performance.Thenarrowerthespectral bandwidth ofthesourcediode,the higher thepossiblesystem frequencybandwidth/bit rate.

LED: Short-haul and low bit rate(LANnetworks) systems that usemultimodebers.Laser Diode: Long-haul and high bit ratesystems that use single-modebers.

Multi-Longitudinal Mode(MLM) lasers,also known as Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers and SingleLongitudinal Mode(SLM) or Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers are used for theseapplications.

Si: Silicon for applications in thevisiblelight range(400to 1000nm)Ge: Germanium for applications in optical windows (750to 1600nm)InGaAs: Induim Galium Arsenidefor applications in optical windows (>1000nm)

LED and LaserDiode Power Spectral

PhotodetectorsSpectral Response

15to 25dBm

FWHM100nm

FWHM3nm