understanding intercultural communication second edition chapter 7 what are the different ways to...
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Understanding Understanding Intercultural Intercultural Communication Communication Second Second EditionEdition
Chapter 7
What are the Different Ways to Communicate Nonverbally Across Cultures?
Stella Ting-Toomey & Leeva C. Chung
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
PowerPoint Slides Designed by Alex Flecky and Noorie Baig
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TODAY’S MENUTODAY’S MENU
I. The Impact of Nonverbal Communication
II. Forms of Nonverbal Communication
III. Boundary Regulations: Four Broad Themes
IV. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-Ables
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I. The Impact of Nonverbal I. The Impact of Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication
A. Nonverbal Communication: Message exchange process involving
the use of nonlinguistic and paralinguistic cues which are expressed through multiple communication channels in a particular sociocultural setting.
• Nonlinguistic cues e.g., eye contact, smiles, touch etc.
• Paralinguistic cues e.g., tone, pitch, volume, pace etc.
• Multiple channels e.g., facial expressions, gestures etc.
• Sociocultural setting e.g., cultural norms, etc.
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I. The Impact of Nonverbal I. The Impact of Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication
B. One Code, Countless Interpretations
C. Verbal and Nonverbal Comparisons Nonverbal cues relate to verbal
messages in five different ways:
1. Repeat2. Contradict3. Substitute4. Complement5. Accent
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I. The Impact of Nonverbal I. The Impact of Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication
Application Exercise: Intercultural Nonverbal Communication: Fun Nonverbal Quiz.
How many answers did you get right?
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II. Forms of Nonverbal II. Forms of Nonverbal Communication: Communication: A. Physical Appearance: Artifacts and
clothingB. Paralanguage: Sounds and tonesC. Facial expressions: Kinesics, SADFISH,
and cultural display rulesD. Gestures: four categories of hand
gestures 1. Emblems 2. Illustrators 3. Regulators 4. Adaptors
E. Haptics—touch behavior, high-, low-, moderate-contact cultures
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II. Forms of Nonverbal II. Forms of Nonverbal Communication: Communication:
Can you identify the emotions?
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III. Boundary Regulations: Four III. Boundary Regulations: Four broad themesbroad themesA. Regulating Interpersonal Boundaries
Proxemics: study of space.
Intimate zone: 0–18 inches. Reserved for those closest to us.Personal zone: 18–48 inches. Closer friends, some acquaintances.Social zone: 48 inches to 12 feet.
Public zone: 12 feet or more.
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III. Boundary RegulationsIII. Boundary RegulationsPresident Bush meets Saudi Arabian royalty, Prince Abdullah
What can you gather about their spatial zones?
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III. Boundary RegulationsIII. Boundary RegulationsA. Regulating Interpersonal Boundaries:
Marking Boundaries + Expressing Respect or Deference
• Cultural Norms & Rules• Meanings • Appropriateness
President Obama Bows and Shakes Hands In Japan To Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko
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III. Boundary Regulations: Four III. Boundary Regulations: Four broad themesbroad themes
B. Environmental Boundaries: claimed sense of space and emotional attachment we share with others in our community.
C. Psychological Boundaries1. Intrapersonal space: need for information privacy or psychological silence between the self and others.2. Privacy regulation is important in individualistic cultures, not perceived as critical in collectivistic cultures.
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III. Boundary Regulations: Four III. Boundary Regulations: Four broad themesbroad themesD. Regulating Time: attitudes we
have about time. Chronemics: how people in
different cultures structure, interpret, and understand the time dimension.
Two patterns of time govern different cultures:• Monochronic-time schedule• Polychronic-time schedule
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III. Boundary RegulationsIII. Boundary Regulations
Media Analysis: Gran Torino film clip
DISCUSSION:• What is your initial reaction to this
clip?• Can you identify all of the nonverbal
violations experienced by both Walt and the Hmong’s family?
• Have you experienced any international nonverbal faux pas?
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IV. Intercultural Reality Check: IV. Intercultural Reality Check: Do-AblesDo-Ables
Nonverbal points to consider in communicating across cultures:A. Be flexible when you observe and identify nonverbal display rules.B. Attempt a deeper-than-surface explanation for the behavior.C. Monitor your own nonverbal behavior.D. Be adaptive and sensitive to appropriate nonverbal display rules for emotions in a particular culture.E. Be less judgmental and more tentative in interpreting others’ nonverbal signals.
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Parting Thoughts…Parting Thoughts…
Our first impressions are generated by our
experiences and our environment, which means that we can change our first impressions . . . by changing the
experiences that comprise those impressions.
~ Malcolm Gladwell