understanding islam’s practices and beliefs hicc - february 15
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Understanding Islam’s Practices and Beliefs HICC - February 15. We need to understand Muslims. To do that, we need to look at their: Practices (Deen - 5) Beliefs (Iman - 6). 1.Shahada (statement of faith). “La ilah illa llah” (‘there is no god but Allah’) (Sura 2:255; 28:88; 112:1-4) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Understanding Islam’s Practices
and Beliefs
HICC - February 15
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We need to understand Muslims
To do that, we need to look at their:
• Practices (Deen - 5)
• Beliefs (Iman - 6)
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1. Shahada(statement of faith)
• “La ilah illa llah” (‘there is no god but Allah’) (Sura 2:255; 28:88; 112:1-4)
• “Wa Muhammadu rasul u’llah” (‘and Muhammad is Allah’s messenger’) (Sura 33:40; 48:29; 64:8)
• Why not complete until 9th c. (Bukhari–870 AD)?
• Jehuda Nevo’s Sinai Inscriptions (691 ->)
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• Why do they say it?
Obedience
Piety:– at birth (right ear, then left)– at conversion (after a ritual bath)– and at death
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Who is ‘Allah’?• ‘Allah’
• Distant
• Impersonal
• ‘Hubal’
• ‘Al-Lat’ (S.53:19-20)
• ‘Al-Mannat’
• ‘Al-Uzza’
• ‘Yahweh’
(Ex.3:14-16; Jn.8:58)
• Immanent
• Personal
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Who is Muhammad?
Prophet?
4 Reasons against:
-What was his Race?
-What did he do?
-What did he say?
-Who was his god?
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Prophecied?-Deut. 18:15-20-Song of Solomon 5:16-John 14 & 16
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2. Salat(prayers)
• Meccan period: 2 prayers
(sura 17:78)
Fajr (morning)
and Maghrib (evening)
• Medinan period: 3 prayers (sura 2:238)
added Zuhr (midday)
(11:114; 20:130; 30:17-18;
50:39-40; 52:48-49)
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In Hadith (al Bukhari) we find the five prayers:
• fajr = morning
• Zuhr = midday
• Ashr = late afternoon
• Maghrib = after sunset
• Isha = before midnight
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‘Alahu Akbar’ ‘Fatihah’
‘Ruku’ ‘Sujud’
‘jalsah’
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• 7 other occasions: Friday, Eid (‘Eid al-Fitr’ - Ramadan, ‘Eid al-Adha’ - feast), funeral, traveling, eclipse, Istisqa’ (for rain), Tajahud (night vigil)
• Said after ablutions (hands, mouth, nose, face, forearms, hair, ears, & feet)
• Better in public, on mats, separate from women.
• Towards the Qibla - Mecca.
• The call ‘Adhan’, by a muezzin (freed slave ‘Bilal’ was the first)
• Salat = ritual, Du’a = personal
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3. Sawm(Fasting)
• Sura 2:183-187 (at ninth month, same as day of Ashura, or Jewish day of Atonement)
-29-30 days during which entire Qur’an is recited-Commences and ends by comparing 2 threads.-No eating, swallowing one’s saliva, or sexual
intercourse during daylight-Not for sick, travelers, or women during
menstruation, pregnancy or nursing.-Eid al-Fitr = feast of breaking the fast, for 4 days,
new clothes, presents, visits….
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• Compare Muslim fast with Isaiah 58
• Compare the purpose of fasting
• Compare the outcome of fasting
• Compare the relational aspect of fasting
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4. Zakat (tithing)
• Sura 2:43, 110, 177, 277; 9:5
• 2.5% paid once a year (cash, savings, jewelry, etc...)
• usually to a mosque, or to the govt.
• given to: poor, destitute, collectors, travelers, mujahidin, those in bondage
• Zakat vs. ‘Jizyah’ & ‘Kharaj’ taxes
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5. Hajj (pilgrimage)Day 1- Ka’bah
• 7 circumambulations
• du’a & 2 raka’at prayers at Abraham’s imprint
• Zam-zam Well
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• Sa’y = 7 times between Safa and Marwah
• lock of hair, then night in Mina
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Day 2 - Wuquf (standing) at Arafat = prayers, and stay standing till sunset either at Arafat or on Mount of Mercy, no hat, but parasol is advised, then night at Muzdalifah.
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Day 3 - Sacrifice = gathers 49 or 70 pebbles at Muzdalifah, goes to Mina, throws pebbles at Jamarats (7 each), sacrifices (camel, ox or ram), hair shaved or clipped, return to Mecca.
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Days 4-6 - at Mina, throws 7 stones each day at each of three Jamarat, meets and talks...
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Crowds at Mecca
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The New Ka’aba Sanctuary
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Beliefs (Iman)
1) Belief in God
–Allah vs. Yahweh
–Distant vs. Personal
–Tawhid vs. Trinity
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2) Belief in the Prophets• 124,000 total • 24 listed – All in the line of Isaac (Except Muh.)• Ibrahim, Moise, Dawuda, Issa, & Muh.• Formulaic:
-Commissioned-Confronts his people-Rejected-People destroyed-Prophet saved
• 4 Rules of Prophetic Office-Prophetic line-Prophetic or Miracles-Prophecies coincide-Know God’s name
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3) Belief in the Books
• Tawrut, Zabuur, Injil, Qur’an
• All from the archetypal
‘Mother of Books’
Suras 39:9; 43:4
• Sura 85:22 (duality + 50:16 = trinity)
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Problems:
• No early Manuscripts
• Contradictions, Errors, Compilations
• Talmudic & Sectarian Sources
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4) Belief in Angels
• Gibril, Mikhael (from light)
• Israfil (resurrection), Israil (death)
• Iblis (Satan) 7 references to his sin• Jinn & Devils [from fire] (6:100, 112; 15:27; 34:41; 38:37;
46:18, 29; 55:15, 33, 39; 72:1-15)
• Recording Angels
• Role: -Protect Allah’s transcendence
–Provide Revelation
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5) Belief in Predestination
• Allah controls all
(Sura 4:60; 17:175; 25:29)
• Leads astray (Sura 7:178-179)
• Deterministic vs. Free Will
• Kismet & ‘Inshallah’
• Responsibility for guilt?
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6) Belief in the Judgment• Good/Bad Deeds weighed
• Sirat bridge • Only a hope, no assurance (except ‘Shahid’ = S.4:74 &
47:4-6)
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Paradise In the Qur’an:A Beautiful Garden:• Surah 55 :26 two gardens • Surah 56:12 Garden of delights• Surah 56: 31 water flowing constantly, fruit in plentyWith Female and Male Servants:• Surah 55: 56 chaste females whom no man has been with• Surah 55: 70 fair and beautiful women• Surah 55: 72 - 74 Hûr - beautiful, fair females, guarded in
pavilions - virgins• Surah 56:22 Hûr, with wide, lovely eyes• Surah 55: 76 reclining on green cushions and beautiful
mattresses• Surah 56 : 34-38 on couches or thrones raised high, a
special creation, and made them virgins, loving...• Surah 56:17 immortal boys will go around, serving with
cups...flowing wine
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• Carnal, Male dominated Paradise (Suras 55-56)
• Man/Woman can fall again
• God is not present