understanding sc1ence curriculum

7/30/2019 Understanding Sc1ence Curriculum

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UNDERSTANDING SCIENCE

TEACHING SCIENCE TO CHILDREN


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Science is defined differently depending

on the individuals who view it.

The layperson define science as a body of

scientific information;

The scientists view it as procedures by

which hypothesis are tested

A philosopher regards science as a way ofquestioning the truthfulness of what we

know.


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The Meaning Of Science

Knowledge about the world, especially

based on examination and testing, andon facts that can be proved.

(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary

English, 2001)


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Systematic knowledge which can be

tested and proven for its truth, branch of

knowledge which is based on the

absolute truth (translated from Kamus

Dewan)

Science is a set of attitudes, thinkingconcerning facts, rather what is stated

about facts. (B.K.Skinner)


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Science is not a technique or a set of

knowledge , even though science uses

both of these. Science is more of an

inquiring attitude, observation andreasoning about this world. Science is

developed, not by memorizing facts or

conclusion to get the answer, but only byreally practicing observation and

reasoning (K.T. Compton).


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Science is the knowledge gathered

through a group ofprocesses that the

people use systematically to makediscoveries about the natural world.

This knowledge is characterized by the

values and attitudes of the people whouse these processes.


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Science

Processes Product/

Knowledge/

Content

Values/

Attitude

Consists of

skills

types

In the form of

Basic

Integrated

Fact

Concept

Principle

Law

Theory

Emotion

Intellect


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Science Process Skills

Basic

Observing

Classifying Measuring and

Using

Numbers

Inferring

Predicting

Communicating

Using Space-Time

Relationship

Integrated

Interpreting Data Defining

Operationally

Controlling

Variables Hypothesising

Experimenting


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Specific statement about existing object oractual incidents

acquired after making observations andmeasurements

Can be confirmed

E.g.: water exists in spherical form when itis dropped in the air.

Fact


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An abstract idea which is generalised from

facts or specific experiences

Formed base on similar characteristic /aspects

E.g.: the fact about water can be explain

by the surface tension concept Examples of other concepts: concepts of

magnet, electric circuit, heat, air pressure.

Concept


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A more complex idea based on related

concepts

The relationship between specific

concepts is generalised to form a principal

The best current explanation for an object

or a situation

Can be changed if the new observations

do not support the existing principle

Principle


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E.g.: Hot air expands. Its mean if air is

heated, it will expend. It is principal which relates the concepts of

air, heat and expansion.

Principle


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A more stable principle that is generallymore widely accepted, even though it isstill tentative

E.g.: The Law of Conservation of Energy- energy cannot be created or destroyed,but changes from one form to another

- Einstein showed that energy can becreated when a small amount of matter isdestroyed

Law


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A wide framework which relates facts,

concepts and principle

E.g.: Quantum Theory

Shown that electron as a cloud consisting

of charges which revolve around the

nucleus

Theory


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Interested in and inquisitive about natural

surroundings

Flexible and open-minded

Persevering in carrying out new ventures

Co-operative

Compassionate

Thankful to God for His gifts/blessings Appreciate and practice clean and healthy living

Emotional Attitude


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Honest and truthful in recording andconfirming data

Systematic and confident

Responsible for the safety of self, friendsand the environment

Appreciative of the contribution of science

and technology Be aware that science is one of the ways

to understand nature

Intellectual Attitude

P


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Persamaan

Bermula beribu-ribu tahun dahuluMelibatkan penyiasatan bersistematikMembina makna daripada dapatan penyiasatanHasil sentiasa diperbaiki

Perbezaan

Sains Aspek Teknologi

Tertumpu kepada

alam semulajadi Punca Penyiasatan

Masalah penyesuaian

kepada persekitaran

Menjelaskan

fenomena alamTujuan

Menyelesaikan

masalah penyesuaian

Analisis Kemahiran Sintesis

Menjalankaneksperimen

Kaedah Penyelesaian masalah

Idea dalam bentuk

konsep, prinsip,teoriHasil

Rekaan yang

mengatasi had

keupayaan manusia

Saintis Pakar Jurutera

understanding sc1ence curriculum

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