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Understanding the Process and the Product Professional Development Spring, 2012

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The Architecture of Accomplished Teaching: What is underneath the surface? Your Students - Who are they? Where are they now? What do they need and in what order do they need it? Where should I begin? Set high, worthwhile goals appropriate for these students at this time, in this setting. Evaluate student learning in light of the goals and the Instruction. Set new high and worthwhile goals that are appropriate for these students at this time. Implement instruction designed to attain those goals Reflect on student learning, the effectiveness of the instructional design, particular concerns, and issues NBPTS Standards Five Core Propositions

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Teaching Effectiveness Of all the factors that affect student learning, the effectiveness of the teacher is the most important. Effective teachers are able to clearly define student learning outcomes and provide a clear road map on how to reach those outcomes. The traditional approach to teaching and learning asks: What do I want them to learn? How will I teach it? How will I assess it?

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The Backward Design Approach Begins with: What do they know already? Next asks: What do I want them to learn? Then focuses on: How will I know they learned it (how will I assess learning)? Then finally: How best do I teach it (active engagement)? The approach uses what is known as educative assessment where the assessment is used to educate the students on what they know/dont know, and educate the teacher on what he or she taught well/ or needs to reteach.

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Teacher Performance Assessment Instrument The TPA employs the idea of educative assessment. The TPA: Is discipline specific Integrates assessment throughout Is student centered Requires the teacher candidate to provide analytic feedback and support to students Overall, allows the teacher candidate to present the complex process of teaching and the assessment of learning through multiple measures.

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TPA Capstone Assessment This project allows you, the teacher candidate, to demonstrate your ability to: Plan instruction and assessment (TPA Task 1) Engage students and support their learning (TPA Task 2) Assess student learning (TPA Task 3) Reflect on the teaching/learning process (TPA Task 4) Demonstrate your ability to use academic language to enhance student learning (Embedded Task)

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7 TASK Who are the students and what learning supports do they need? What are the students learning in the content area? How is academic language supported? Task 1. Planning Instruction and Assessment Describe the school and classroom context. Describe your students academic development, language abilities, social and emotional development, and family and community assets. Describe the modifications you plan for students with specific learning needs. Identify what you are going to teach your students in the content area. Describe how you plan to teach the content in ways that will support your students learning. Describe how you will monitor student learning while you are teaching them. Identify the language that is needed to process and express the content. Analysis & Reflection Justify how what you know about your students influences your instructional planning. Connect theories about learning, development, and content area structures to your instructional planning. Connect the learning tasks to students language development. TPAC Design Framework The following framework shows what a pre-service teaching candidate demonstrates he/she knows and is able to do in the TPAC assessment.

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Review of Task 1: Planning Instruction & Assessment Who are the students and what learning supports will they need for this learning segment (context)? What are the students going to learn in this content area (content)? How is this learning segment appropriate for these students? Why am I teaching this (relevence)? How will I assess students to demonstrate learning has taken place? How will these assessments help me understand students progress toward the stated objectives (analysis)? What are the best instructional strategies to use to meet this end (pedagogy)? Are my instructional strategies actively engaging?

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99 Task 2. Engaging Students and Supporting Learning Describe (with evidence) how your strategies to engage students in learning specifically addressed your students academic development, language abilities, social and emotional development, and cultural and lived experiences. Describe (with evidence) how you built your students understanding of the content learning goals during instruction. Describe (with evidence) how you monitored students understanding during instruction. Describe (with evidence) the language supports you used to build your students understanding of the content learning goals. Analysis & Reflection Analyze how your selected strategies met the diverse learning needs and characteristics of the students in your class. Evaluate the success of the strategies you chose for furthering the learning of all students in your class. Evaluate the quality of your efforts to use academic language supports to further the learning of all students in your class. Daily Reflection What is working? What is not? For whom? Why? How does this reflection inform what you plan to do in the next lesson? TASK Who are the students and what learning supports do they need? What are the students learning in the content area? How is academic language supported?

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Review of Task 2: Engaging Students & Supporting Learning How will I facilitate students developing understanding of the content? How will I help students actively engage with the content? How will I continually monitor their understanding? How will I use their responses to guide further learning? The above questions demonstrate the major difference between this approach and traditional teaching.

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Reflective Process During student teaching you are being asked to reflect daily on how your teaching is going. This reflective process takes place during Task 2. Before moving on to Task 3, we will review this daily reflective process. Information you collect during this reflective process should be used to change instruction as it is occurring. These changes should be documented during Task 2 to assist you in supporting your reflective analysis later on.

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Reflection Model Reflection - a fixing of the thoughts on something; careful consideration. Daily reflection should be focused on some aspect of teaching and learning, which can include classroom management issues. The bullets below are simply prompts to focus your reflection. Consider the following areas as you select a significant event on which to focus your reflective writing: Student factors (students abilities and levels of competency) Teacher factors (teachers level of competence in lesson delivery and classroom management) Teaching practices (methodologies, materials, resources, and facilitating learning) Classroom dynamics (activities that minimized or maximized disruptive behavior, facilitating learning)

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REFLECTION Begin with: What? What happened? What is working? What is not? For whom (were the needs of all learners met)? Why do you think? What is it related to (content, classroom management, students, teacher, methods, materials, or any combination thereof)? Move to: So What? What does it mean? Mentally prioritize what you wrote above. In your opinion what appears to be important enough to impact student learning? Is it a short term or long term issue? Finish with: Now what? What do I do now? How does what happened inform what I plan to do in the next lesson? Be able to discuss specific research/theory that support/do not support what happened. What will now guide your selection of the teaching strategies and materials you will use to help your students develop skills necessary to meet the learning objectives. How does this reflection inform your next lesson? Document changes made.

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14 TASK Who are the students and what learning supports do they need? What are the students learning in the content area? How is academic language supported? Task 3. Assessing Student Learning Describe the variation in student learning based on whole class and individual student performance. Describe how your feedback specifically addressed your students learning needs. Analyze what students learned based on an assessment that is aligned with the content learning goals. Analysis & Reflection Reflect on next steps for individualized student learning. Synthesize what you know about your students, what they have learned, the content learning goals, and academic language development to plan the appropriate next steps in instruction?

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Review of Task 3: Assessing Student Learning Students will be assessed based on the learning goals described in Task One? The type of assessments used were determined during the planning process. How will I analyze student work to clearly demonstrate that I understand what my students could and could not do. How will I use this information to plan for future instruction for these students? How will I provide students with quality feedback that will guide their future learning?

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TASK Who are the students and what learning supports do they need? What are the students learning in the content area? How is academic language supported? Task 4. Analyzing Teaching Describe how you would teach these lessons to the same group of students again. Describe what would you do differently? Describe missed opportunities with any aspect of planning, instruction and/or assessment. Cite evidence to explain why you expect these changes to make a difference in student learning.

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EXERCISE: What is your big picture idea? Come up with a big picture idea (3-5 lessons or hours of instruction). Now, ask yourself these questions. Is it based on your content standards? Is it based on what you know your cooperating teacher is expecting you to teach? Are there any contextual factors in your classroom that will prohibit you teaching this learning segment? Are there any contextual factors in your classroom that will enhance your ability to teach this learning segment? Do you know this content well?

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Share your big picture idea with someone who will be teaching the same content area at the same level (or close). Is your idea too big? Too small? Just right? Discussion

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Designing the Learning Objectives Design 2 learning segment objectives. These will probably not be your actual ones, but working through this process will give you a template to use when you are ready. Make sure your learning segment objectives are directly related to the big picture. Make sure your learning segment objectives are based on your pre-assessment? Make sure they are clearly defined (situation, task, criterion). Share your learning objectives. Discussion.

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Assessment What types of formative assessment could you use during the learning segment? What types of information will the assessments give you regarding student learning? Are your assessments directly related to your big picture and your learning objectives? How will you analyze the data? Tomorrows professional development will focus on the planning for assessment, and assessment sections of the TPA.

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PLANNING: PLANNING FOR CONTENT UNDERSTANDINGS How do the candidates plans build ______? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Standards, objectives learning tasks and materials are not aligned with each other. Standards, objectives, learning tasks and materials are loosely or inconsistently aligned with each other. Standards, objectives, learning tasks and materials are consistently aligned with each other and with the central focus for the learning segment. Standards, objectives, learning tasks and materials are consistently aligned with the central focus. Learning objectives clearly define measurable outcomes for student learning. Candidates plans focus solely on ______ with no connections to ______. OR There are significant content inaccuracies that will lead to student misunderstandings. Plans for instruction support student learning of ______ with vague connections to ______. Plans for instruction build on each other to support learning of ______ with clear connections to ______. Plans for instruction build on each other to support learning of ______ with clear and meaningful connections to ______ Plans for instruction build on each other to lead students to make clear and meaningful connections among identified ______AND ______.

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PLANNING: USING KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS TO INFORM TEACHING AND LEARNING How does the candidate use knowledge of his/her students to target support for students development of ______? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Learning tasks do not reflect characteristics of students prior learning and experience. Learning tasks reflect general characteristics of students prior learning and experience. Learning tasks draw on students prior learning and experience AND social/emotional development or interests. Learning tasks draw upon students prior learning and experience, social/emotional development, and interests. Learning tasks draw upon and engage students in examining their own strengths from prior learning and experience, social/emotional development, and interests.

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PLANNING: USING KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS TO INFORM TEACHING AND LEARNING How does the candidate use knowledge of his/her students to target support for students development of ______? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 There are no planned supports for students with varied needs. Planned support consists of general strategies loosely tied to learning objectives or the central focus of the learning segment. Planned support includes tasks/materials and/or scaffolding tied to learning objectives and the central focus with attention to the characteristics of the class as a whole and to requirements in IEPs and 504 plans. Planned support includes a variety of tasks/materials and scaffolding tied to specific learning objectives and the central focus. Supports address the needs of specific individuals or groups with similar needs and include strategies to surface and respond to common errors and misunderstandings. Planned support includes multiple ways of engaging with content that support students to meet specific standards/objectives within the central focus. Support is specifically designed to address a variety of student learning strengths and needs, and include specific strategies to surface and respond to both common errors and misunderstandings.

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PLANNING: USING KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS TO INFORM TEACHING AND LEARNING How does the candidate use knowledge of his/her students to target support for students development of ______? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Candidates justification of learning tasks is either missing OR represents a deficit view of students and their backgrounds. Candidate justifies learning tasks with limited attention to students prior learning and experience. Candidate uses examples of students prior learning and experience to justify why learning tasks (or their adaptations) are appropriate. Candidate uses examples from their students prior learning and experience ANDR relevant research/theory to justify why learning tasks (or their adaptation) are appropriate. Candidate justifies learning tasks by explaining their appropriateness for students prior learning and experience and anticipated effects on new learning with support from relevant research and/or theory.

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PLANNING : PLANNING ASSESSMENTS TO MONITOR AND SUPPORT STUDENT LEARNING How are the informal and formal assessments selected or designed to provide evidence of student progress toward the standards/objectives? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 The set of assessments are not aligned to the standards and learning objectives and will provide little or no evidence of students understandings. OR Assessment accommodations or modifications required by IEP or 504 plans are NOT made. The set of assessments are loosely aligned to the standards and objectives, and provide limited evidence to monitor students understandings during the learning segment. The set of assessments are aligned to the standards and objectives, and provide evidence for monitoring students understandings at different points in the learning segment. The set of assessments are aligned to the standards and objectives and provide multiple forms of evidence for monitoring students progress toward developing l understandings throughout the learning segment. The set of assessments are strategically designed to provide multiple forms of evidence for monitoring student progress toward developing understandings relative to the standards and objectives throughout the learning segment.

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INSTRUCTION: ENGAGING STUDENTS IN LEARNING How does the candidate actively engage students in developing ______? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 In the clip(s), students are passive or inattentive while candidate directs discussions, tasks or activities. In the clips, students are participating in discussions, tasks, or activities focusing solely on ______without developing understanding of ______. In the clip(s), students are intellectually engaged in discussions, tasks, or activities that develop their ______. In the clip(s), students are intellectually engaged in discussions, tasks or activities that develop ______through both teacher-student and student-student interaction. In the clip(s), students are intellectually engaged in discussions, tasks, or activities tailored to specific student needs that support the development of deep understandings of ______through both teacher-student and student-student interaction. There is little to no evidence that candidate attends to students prior learning and experience. Candidate attempts to link new content to students prior learning and experience, but the links are unrelated to the ______or cause student confusion. Candidate links new content to students prior learning and experience as well as to ______. Candidate makes links between new content and students prior learning and experience in ways that support understandings of relevant ______ Candidate prompts students to make links between new content and their prior learning and experience in ways that deepen understandings of relevant ______. OR Student misbehavior or candidates disrespect for one or more students severely limits students engagement in learning.

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INSTRUCTION : DEEPENING STUDENT LEARNING How does the candidate elicit and monitor students responses to deepen their understanding of ______? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Candidate talks throughout the clip(s) and students provide few responses. Candidate primarily asks surface-level questions and evaluates student responses as correct or incorrect. The candidate elicits student responses related to ______. Candidate elicits and builds on students ______ to explicitly ______. All components of Level 4 plus, Candidate facilitates interactions among students to evaluate their own ideas. OR Materials or candidate responses include significant content inaccuracies that will lead to student misunderstandings.

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ASSESSMENT : ANALYZING STUDENT WORK How does the candidate demonstrate an understanding of student performance with respect to standards/objectives? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Criteria are not aligned with the identified standards/objectives. Criteria are generally aligned with the standards/objective s from the learning segment. Criteria are clearly aligned with standards/objectives from the learning segment. Criteria are clearly aligned with standards/objectives from the learning segment. Criteria indicate qualitative differences in student performance. All components of Level 4 plus: The candidate is able to identify areas of strength in a predominantly weak performance and/or areas for improvement in a predominantly strong one. The analysis is superficial and/or vaguely connected to identified standards and objectives. The analysis focuses only on student errors in relation to identified standards/objectives. The analysis focuses on listing what students did right and wrong in relation to identified standards/objectives. The analysis focuses on patterns of student understandings, skills, and misunderstandings in relation to identified standards and learning objectives. The analysis uses these patterns to understand student thinking. OR The conclusions in the analysis are not supported by either student work samples or the summary of performance. The analysis is supported by work samples and the summary of performance in a general way. The analysis is supported by work samples and the summary of performance, with attention to some differences in whole class learning of different aspects of the content assessed. The analysis is supported by work samples and the summary of performance, as well as references to evidence in work samples to identify specific patterns of learning for individuals or groups.

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ASSESSMENT : USING FEEDBACK TO GUIDE FURTHER LEARNING How does the candidate provide students feedback to guide their further learning? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Feedback is unrelated to the learning objectives. Feedback focuses solely on identifying errors aligned with the learning objectives. Feedback accurately identifies general areas for what students did well and what they need to improve related to specific learning objectives. Feedback is clear, specific and accurate, helps the student understand what s/he did well, and provides guidance for improvement. All components of level 4 plus: Candidate describes how students will use feedback to deepen their content-related understandings and to evaluate their own work. Opportunities for applying feedback are not described. Candidate describes how students will correct their errors. Candidate describes how students will use feedback to improve their performance. Candidate describes how students will use feedback to deepen their ______. OR The feedback contains significant content inaccuracies.

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ASSESSMENT : USING ASSESSMENT TO INFORM INSTRUCTION How does the candidate use conclusions about what students know and are able to do to plan next steps in instruction? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Next steps do not follow from the analysis. OR Next steps are not relevant to the standards and learning objectives assessed. OR Next steps are not described in sufficient detail to understand them. Next steps focus on re- teaching, pacing, or classroom management issues. Next steps propose general support that improves student performance related to the standards and learning objectives assessed. Next steps provide targeted support to individuals and groups to improve their performance relative to the standards and learning objectives assessed. Next steps extend student learning beyond what was assessed in the learning segment.

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ANALYZING TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS How does the candidate use evidence to evaluate and change teaching practice to meet the varied learning needs? Level 1Level 2 Level 3Level 4Level 5 Candidate proposes changes unrelated to knowledge of students and their learning. OR Candidate does not propose any changes. Proposed changes are focused primarily on improving directions for learning tasks or time management. Proposed changes address students collective learning needs related to standards/objectives. Proposed changes address some individual and collective learning needs related to standards/objectives. Changes in teaching practice are specific and strategic to improve individual and collective student understanding of standards/objectives. Candidate proposes changes that are loosely related to student learning evidence OR are superficially related to knowledge of students prior learning and experiences. Candidate cites evidence of student learning OR knowledge of students prior learning and experiences to explain changes to teaching practices. Candidate explains changes to teaching practices by citing: examples of successful and unsuccessful teaching practices evidence of learning knowledge of students prior learning and experiences Candidate justifies changes to teaching practices by citing: examples of successful and unsuccessful teaching practices analysis of learning evidence nuanced knowledge of students prior learning and experiences.

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ACADEMIC LANGUAGE : UNDERSTANDING STUDENTS LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AND ASSOCIATED LANGUAGE DEMANDS How does the candidate use knowledge of students language development to identify a key language demand central to content learning? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Candidates description of students academic language development is limited to what they CANNOT do. Candidates description of students academic language development is primarily focused on needs. Candidates description of students academic language development identifies strengths and needs. Candidates description of students academic language development identifies strengths and needs and highlights individual or group differences. Candidates description of students academic language development identifies needs as well as strengths that individual students or groups with similar needs can build upon. Vocabulary, symbols, or other identified language demands are only vaguely related to the academic purposes of the learning segment Candidate identifies unfamiliar vocabulary (or symbols) in the learning segment without considering other language demands or purposes (functions/forms). Candidate identifies vocabulary (and/or symbols) as well as a language demand (function/forms) that are central to the learning segment and appropriate to most students language development. Candidate justifies why the selected language demand (function/forms) and vocabulary (and/or symbols) are central to the learning segment and to most students language development. Candidate justifies why the selected language demand (function/forms) and vocabulary (and/or symbols) are central to the learning segment and to students varied levels of language development.

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ACADEMIC LANGUAGE : SCAFFOLDING STUDENTS ACADEMIC LANGUAGE AND DEEPENING CONTENT LEARNING How does the candidate support academic language development associated with content learning? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Language and/or content is oversimplified to the point of limiting student access to the core content of the learning segment. The candidate provides limited support for students to meet the selected language demand of the learning segment. The candidate provides support so students can use language associated with the selected language demand necessary to engage in academic tasks. The candidate provides explicit models and opportunities for practice so students can use language (associated with the language demand) to express and demonstrate content understandings. The candidate provides explicit models, opportunities for practice, and feedback so students can use language (associated with the language demand) to express, develop, and demonstrate content understandings.

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ACADEMIC LANGUAGE : DEVELOPING STUDENTS ACADEMIC LANGUAGE AND DEEPENING CONTENT LEARNING How does the candidate reveal students understanding and use academic language associated with content learning? Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Candidate identifies evidence (from video clip or assessment data) unrelated to the identified language demand. Candidate identifies limited evidence (from video clip or assessment data) that students had an opportunity to understand and use the identified academic language. Candidate identifies evidence (from video clip or assessment data) that students had an opportunity to understand and use the identified academic language. Candidate identifies evidence (from video clip or assessment data) that students are understanding and using targeted academic language in ways that support their language development and content learning. Candidate identifies evidence (from video clip or assessment data) that students with varied strengths and needs are understanding and using targeted academic language in ways that support their language development and content learning.