UNDP Experiences on Anti-Corruption

Consultative Event on Engaging Parliamentarians to Support the Implementation and Review of the

UNCAC Bratislava April 2 – 5, 2009

Anga R. Timilsina (Anga R. Timilsina (anga.timilsina@undp.org), Research ), Research AnalystAnalyst

Democratic Governance Group (DGG), Democratic Governance Group (DGG),

Bureau for Development Policy (BDP), UNDPBureau for Development Policy (BDP), UNDP

Background

• UNDP was one of the pioneer organizations in early 1990s to develop AC programmes (first generation of work on ATI; 1999 flagship manual Fighting Corruption to Improve Governance)

• Since then, UNDP has been a leading provider of TA on AC within governance portfolio

E-Gov & Access to

Information Justice & Human

Rights

Decentralization

& Local

GovernanceParliaments

Public

Administration

Reform &

Anti-Corruption

Elections

PAR/AC41% of total

DG exp in 2006

8th CrimeCongress

GA Res.51/191UN Declaration

TOCC Negotiation

GA Res.58/4Adoption of CAC Merida

Conference

GA Res.55/61Establishment of

Ad Hoc Committee

GA Res.55/181Asset Recovery

Ad Hoc Committee (1st –8th Sessions)

1996 OAS Convention

1997 EU Convention

1997 OECD Convention

1999 CoE Conventions 2003 AU

Convention

UNCAC2003/5

Internal Norms and Standards

Background: continued

• International norms and standards on AC (particularly, UNCAC) continue to evolve

• UNDP need to refocus its energies and priorities in anti-corruption, within its area of comparative advantages

Kemal Dervis:“A national system of democratic governance that is supportive of inclusive

growth, harmonized with international standards and norms developed within a legitimate and cooperative multilateral framework, constitutes the crucial

software of development.”

--Statement to staff post HLPNovember 2006

UNCAC A Governance and Development Framework

UNCAC Articles Demand for ProgrammingArticle 5: Preventive anti-corruption policies and practices

Policy framework, strategies, coordination, and consultation

Article 6: Preventive anti-corruption body or bodies

TA to establish/strengthen oversight institutions

Article 7: Civil service capacity-building

Public sector reform

Article 8: Code of conduct Promotion of integrity, honesty and responsibility among public officials

Article 9: Public procurement and management of public finance

Promoting a transparent effective system of public procurement and public finance management.

Article 10: Public reporting Media and civil society empowerment

Article 12: Private sector Private sector in delivering services

Article 13: Civil society Social audit, and budget tracking

Strengthening State

Institutions

Technical Assistance“UNCAC”

Preventive Measures

Asset Recovery Criminalization

Law Enforcement

International Cooperation

The Four Pillars of the UNCAC and Technical Assistance

UNDP’s comparative advantage is “Preventive Measures”

ResponsiveInstitutions

Inclusive Participation

International norms and principles

CapacityDevelopment

South-southCooperation

NationalOwnership

AidEffectiveness

Human rights - Gender equality – Accountability & transparency

Demand Supply

Strategic plan – key result area Democratic Governance

UNDP Value-Added

International Principles• Gender • Human rights• Anti-Corruption

Demand Side of DG/ACInclusive Participation• Civil society• E-government• Electoral systems and processes• Political parties• Independent journalism

Supply Side of DG/ACResponsive Institutions•Parliaments•Justice• Public sector reform• Decentralized and local Governance• (Economic Governance)

Democratic Governance Approach: Holistic Approach to Implement

Article 6 of UNCAC

Global Programme on Anti-Corruption for Development Effectiveness

(PACDE)

Increased institutional capacity to implement UNCAC

Increased utilisation of governance and anti-corruption assessment

tools and instruments

Strengthen capacity of media and civil society to provide oversight

Improved harmonisation and coordination

Increased awareness and knowledge on anti-corruption norms and standards

South-SouthCooperation

CapacityDevelopment

NationalOwnershipAid

Effectiveness

Expected Outcomes:

The practice architecture

Panama Panama Regional Regional Centre Centre

New YorkNew YorkBDP HQ/DGGBDP HQ/DGG

Dakar Regional Dakar Regional centrecentre

JohannesburgJohannesburgRegional CentreRegional Centre

Bratislava RCBratislava RC

Cairo Reg Cairo Reg centrecentre

Regional Regional Centre Centre

BangkokBangkok

Oslo Gov Oslo Gov centrecentre

Colombo Colombo Regional Regional CentreCentre

Suva Pacific Suva Pacific CentreCentre

UNDP’s Work on Anti-Corruption

• Global level: Service Delivery platform (MoU; partnership; context policy position; knowledge management)

• Regional level: Regional programmes (POGAR/Bratislava/Bangkok Centre’s work; Regional AC networks)

• Country level: Advisory Support; governance/AC anti-corruption assessment; coordination

Multi-stakeholder partnership in Fighting CorruptionMulti-stakeholder partnership in Fighting Corruption

Building Partnerships for Anti-Corruption at Global, Regional and

Country levelUNDP Partnerships:

• Global level: Policy leadership (global AC CoP); strategic thinking (strengthening advocacy role); development of global knowledge products & tools

• Regional level: Regional policy and strategy formulation (regional CoP); programme implementation (e.g., POGAR, Bangkok, and Bratislava programmes)

• Country level: coordination; programme implementation (policy/advisory support for AC institutions, national strategies, work plans; surveys; trainings; AC-tools and methodologies; strengthening civil society and media)

Building Partnerships for Anti-Corruption at Global, Regional and

Country Levels (Contd.)Interdependence of Cooperation to Prevent and Combat Corruption

UNDP Partners:• UNODC (Cooperation framework at

the headquarters; programming cooperation at regional & country levels)

• UNIFEM; UNICEF; UN ECA: Corruption in service delivery; gender issue; AC Commissions in Africa

• TI: Development of knowledge products; IACC process

• OECD, DAC/Govnet : Joint assessment; Coordination of AC initiatives through DAC AC task team

• U4 & GTZ : trainings; knowledge products

• World Bank, ADB, AfDB, and other bilateral and multi-lateral donors

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