undp-gef adaptation climate change and land degradation - arusha nyawira muthui december 2006
TRANSCRIPT
UNDP-GEF Adaptation
Climate Change and Land Degradation - Arusha
Nyawira MuthuiDecember 2006
2UNDP-GEF Adaptation 2
• UNDP Approach to Adaptation
• Adaptation Project Portfolio
• Presented on behalf of the UNDP-GEF Adaptation Team
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Further Information
Contact: Bo Lim – UNDP-GEF Adaptation UnitClimate Change AdaptationUNDP-GEF
www.undp.org/gef/adaptation
E-mail: [email protected]
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Defining Adaptation – Doing Development Differently
“Practical steps to protect countries and communities from the likely disruption and damage that will result from effects of climate change.” (UNFCCC website, 2006)
“Adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effect, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities.” (IPCC 2001)
“A process by which strategies to moderate, cope with and take advantage of the consequences of climatic events are enhanced, developed, and implemented” (UNDP 2005)
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GEF Adaptation Fund
• Pilot or demonstration projects to integrate adaptation into national policy
• Must meet global environmental objectives and have development benefits
• Adaptation within climate change, biodiversity, international waters and land degradation projects
• Operational since July 2004
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Adaptation in LD1. Within Land Degradation Cluster adaptation is
seen achieved through mainstreaming practices to climate proof Sustainable Land Management
2. Building adaptive capacity to reduce communities, economies and ecosystem vulnerability to negative impacts of climate change
• In practice, this meansChanging existing policies and practices Adopting new policies and practices so as to
secure MDGs in the face of climate change and its associated impacts
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•UNDP-GEF Principles of Adaptation
• Helping developing countries to adapt to climate change impacts is central to UNDP core mandate for promoting development and poverty reduction across the globe.
• UNDP provides several services to help programme countries to access adaptation funds:– helping them to evaluate adaptation options,
identify promising investment opportunities, and ensure timely and cost effective delivery of projects.
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UNDP-GEF Adaptation Principles
• Adaptation activities must further the achievement of the MDGs
• Adaptation activities must be development focused
• The starting point for developing national responses is strengthening adaptive capacity to reduce community and ecosystem vulnerability to negative impacts of CC
• Stakeholder involvement and public participation are key
• UNDP’s policy and technical guidance should be leveraged
• Leverage UNDP-GEF programming by building on NCs and NAPAs
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GEF Adaptation Funds
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Types of adaptation funds
• The Strategic Priority on Adaptation (SPA)
•Financed by the GEF Trust Fund:•ecosystem/focal area focused fund. •The goal - to ensure that climate
change concerns are incorporated in the management o f ecosystems through GEF focal area projects.
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Type of Adaptation Fund
• The Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF)•Financed by additional voluntary
contributions •channelled through GEF•A development -focused fund designed
specifically for addressing short or long term adaptation measures to climate change in the poorest countries.
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Types of Adaptation Funds
The Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF):
•Financed by additional voluntary contributions channelled through GEF
•a development -focused fund concerned primarily with long term activities, programmes and measures in the development sectors that are most affected by global climate change.
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Adaptation Policy Framework (APF)
• APF has been prepared by the UNDP/GEF Capacity Development and Adaptation Cluster as the Cornerstone of UNDP’s Strategy in Adaptation
• APF will assist in the process of incorporating adaptation concerns into national strategies
• Four-phased Approach
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Four Phases of the UNDP-GEF Adaptation Strategy
Activities
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
Phase 1a: Methodological
Development
Phase Ib: Methodological Improvement &Dissemination
Phase II:Regional
Assessments
Phase III:National
Assessments
Phase IV:Implementation
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APF - Key Innovations
• Links current with future climate variations• If future climate change brings both
increased variability and directional shifts, understanding current climate-related extreme events and responses will provide basis for future responses (and surprises)
• Uses the concept of adaptation or development baseline to build on current experience to cope with future climate
• Emphasizes adaptive capacity…….. as the potential of a system to adjust characteristics or behaviour, to cope with climate change, including variability
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APF Adaptation Approaches
Project Outcome Examples
Ameliorated impacts in high-risk areas, early warning, response measures
Reduced vulnerability of population and high-risk groups: improve access, livelihoods, security
Enhanced adaptive capacity - better preparedness, awareness, empowerment, livelihood options
“Adaptation friendly” policies, programmes, strategies, that discourage high-risk or maladaptive behavior
APF Approach
HAZARD-BASEDTop-down, scenario-driven, formal risk mapping for hazards
VULNERABILITY-BASEDBottom-up: no mapping or scenarios, vulnerability combined with general hazard information
ADAPTIVE CAPACITYBottom-up: providing options for adapting
POLICY-BASEDTop-down/bottom-up: adaptation via policy intervention
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Climate Risks to MDGsMDGs CLIMATE RISKS
MDG 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Depleted livelihood assets, reduced economic growth, and undermined food security.
MDG 2: Achieve universal primary education Reduced ability of children to participate in full-time education by loss of infrastructure, loss of livelihoods (forcing children to work), and displaced families.
MDG 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
Additional burdens on women's health and limited time to participate in decision-making and income-generating activities.
MDGs 4, 5 and 6: Reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases availability of potable water.
Greater prevalence of vector- and water-borne diseases, and heat-related mortality, declining food security, maternal health, and availability of potable water
MDG 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Negatively impacted natural resources and productive ecosystems
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Lessons - Adaptation Learning Mechanism (ALM)
• Knowledge base for adaptation established
• Adaptation projects reviewed
• Gaps in knowledge and practice identified
• Gaps in knowledge addressed
• Good practice identified• Learning and knowledge
shared• Regional approach taken
PARTNER-SHIPS
STRUCTURED LEARNING
INNOVATION - good practice
INFO SHARING – projects, methods, measures
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Phase II: Regional Pilot Projects
Scope: watershed management, disaster risk management, food security, health
Other Phase II Projects:Central America, Mexico, and CubaMaghreb: Integrated Watershed Mgt
water supply and aquifers Central America, Mexico, and Cuba: APFClimate change and Human Health (with
WHO); Adaptation Learning MechanismCommunity Based Adaptation (with SGP) Asia and Andean region: Climate Change
and Flood Risk Reduction (under dev’t)
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NCs and NAPAs
• National Communications (NCs)
• Report on programmes to facilitate adaptation
• Vulnerability and Adaptation assessment
• Starting point for formulating projects – V&A priorities and climate change rationale
• National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs)
• Respond to vulnerability of LDCs
• Prioritize adaptation measures supportive of existing development plans
• Identify urgent actions to adapt
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Climate-resilient development (LDCF, SCCF)
• Integrate climate risks into development sectors.
• Short- and long-term adaptation to address current climate variability as well as long-term change
• UNDP’s priority
Demonstration and Pilot Projects
Ecosystem resilience (SPA)
• Integrate adaptation into the GEF focal areas
• Where climate change risks are evaluated to be significant (e.g. Biodiversity, Land Degradation, International Waters)
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Guiding Approach for Adapting Development
Agriculture-related
Water-related HealthDisaster Risk Management
Coastal Development
Approaches: Strategies, policies, measures/practices Scales: Community, national, regional Sustainability: Financing instrumentsCapacity: Institutions, information, and stakeholder capacity building
Examples of restructured sector policies:
SP1 Agriculture SP2 Water SP3 Health
SP4 Climate disaster
SP5 Coastal Dev.
Rural development policies utilize seasonal forecasts
Demand side management based on information on future water availability
Monitoring/control of disease vectors improved
EWS and response coverage increased
Policies support development in low-risk areas
Integrate Future Climate Risks in Development
Promote Adapted National Policy Frameworks - “Outcomes”
Identify Current National Policy Baselines
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UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio
Full- and medium-size projects in 43 countries
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•UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio - 18 Medium & Full Size Projects beyond PDF stage: $43.4 million in GEF funding
Adaptation Projects by SP (among 14 single SP & highly-focused projects)
Water Resources and Quality,
5
Public Health, 1
Climate Disaster
Managemt, 1
Coastal Zone
Developmt, 3
Agriculture and Food Security, 4
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UNDP-GEF Adaptation Portfolio
Funding by SP ($ millions)
Water Resources & Quality,
$13.3
Agriculture & Food
Security, $11.8
Public Health,
$7.0
Climate-related
Disaster Managmt,
$3.2
Coastal Zone
Developmt, $7.8
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Thematic Distribution of UNDP-GEF Projects
Sector/topic Country
Water management Tanzania, Ecuador (SCCF)
Agriculture Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Namibia (SPA); Pacific Islands (SCCF); India (SCCF)
Health Fiji, Barbados, Jordan, Uzbekistan, China, Bhutan, Kenya (SCCF)
Coastal zones Cape Verde, Mauritania, Gambia, Guinea Bissau (SPA), Uruguay (SPA) Tourism: Maldives (SCCF)
Disaster risk management
India (SCCF), Pacific Islands (SCCF)
Community-based adaptation
Samoa, Bolivia, Niger, Bangladesh (Morocco, Namibia, Vietnam, Guatemala, Kazakhstan and Jamaica to join in 2006/7) (SPA)
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Project Example - Coping with Drought and Climate Change
Countries: Kenya, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe
Fund: SPA, Land Degradation
Amount: $1.0M GEF per country + $1.0M Co-fin per country
Components:(i) Assist communities to cope with drought through pilot
adaptation measures(ii) Enhance use of EWS and improve communication of
climate information with agriculturalists(iii)Promote drought preparedness and mitigation policies(iv)Replicate successful approaches across the region
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Coping with Drought and Climate Change
Baseline:• Rural communities use current coping strategies, which become
inadequate as drought increases in frequency and intensity
Additional:• Strengthened drought mitigation skills of community
development practitioners• Alternative livelihoods employed during droughts• Improved flow and use of early warning information for drought
response• Drought mitigation mainstreamed in development plans
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Coping with Drought and Climate Change
•Adaptive capacities of local communities, local and national institutions and the regional networks will be strengthened through concrete activities.
•Specific focus is on managing the risks associated with future climate change and its impact on land degradation while piloting specific adaptation measures
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Namibia - CCA• Adapting to Climate Change through the Improvement of
Traditional Crops and Livestock Farming
– Fund: SPA, LD– Amount $1.0M GEF + Co-financing $1.0M
Government
Components: i) Climate change adaptation measures of rural communities
in agricultural production piloted and testedii) Improved information flows on climate change, including
variability (such as drought) between providers and key users
iii) Climate change issues integrated into planning processes, e.g. National Drought Policy
Focus at community-level, equipping small-holder farmers with improved capacities to adapt to climatic change and increased levels of drought.
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UNDP-GEF Adaptation Projects – key issues
The problem must be clearly due to climate change• Impacts must be due to climate change, Climate data must be
best available• The timescale of climate analysis must be clear
•Must differentiate between short and long term and match funds: long term - SCCF/SPA, short term – LDCF
Must link to National Priorities, Action Plans, Programmes
Proposal must be based on rigorous pipelining approach
Learning component (contribution to ALM) must be clear
Co-financing must be explained to satisfy fund requirements
Must clearly outline Goal, Objective, and Outcomes
Monitoring of outcomes must be explicit
Use of APF should be systematic in project design
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Further Information
Contact: Bo LimClimate Change AdaptationUNDP-GEF
www.undp.org/gef/adaptation
E-mail: [email protected]
Thank you!