unemployment, recognition and meritocracy

8/12/2019 Unemployment, recognition and meritocracy

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Unemployment, recognition and meritocracy 2

odern so#ieties are %or,in! so#ieties in t$e sense t$at (aid%or, is not 0 st one a#tivity a'on! ot$ers b t so'et$in! t$atserves several i'(ortant f n#tions ;De0o rs and Deranty 6 > 6


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Unemployment, recognition and meritocracy :>

#$an!es fa#e serio s obsta#les and are not li,ely to $a((en nder # rrentinter(retations of 'erito#ra#y and so#ial estee') %$i#$ are one1sided andfla%ed"

I. Recognition and social organization o social esteem T$e re#o!nition a((roa#$ of Honnet$ #o'bines et$i#al) so#ial) t$eoreti#aland (oliti#al ai's) %$i#$ are all ( rs ed by a 'et$odolo!y of i''anent#riti+ e ;S#$'idt a' J s#$ 6 > S'it$ 6 >6 = Honnet$ 6 2


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:6 GOTTFRIED SCHWEIGER

so#ial estee'" Personal relations$i(s refle#t ni+ e individ ality le!alres(e#t is based on a tono'y) and so#ial estee' is earned by one/s#ontrib tion to a s$ared !oal or %it$in a #o'' nity" Only t$e basi# for'sof t$ese t$ree as(e#ts are niversal t$eir #on#rete #ontents #an vary)

#$an!e and 'ay even interfere %it$ ea#$ ot$er) %$i#$ #an lead tostr !!les of re#o!nition abo t (ro(er inter(retation and realization" T$esestr !!les are often based not only on t$e absen#e or 'isinter(retation of re#o!nition - %$i#$ #o ld be nderstood as non1re#o!nition - b t on t$ee.(erien#e of 'isre#o!nition) %$i#$ is t$e ne!ative refle#tion of re#o!nition and is also instit tionalized in so#ial (ra#ti#es in vario sfor's" Honnet$ distin! is$es $ere ($ysi#al and (sy#$olo!i#al $ar')disres(e#t and t$e denial of e+ al ri!$ts) and deni!ration and

$ 'iliation" T$e tas, of a #riti#al so#ial ($iloso($y and t$eory is t$en ton#over s #$ (atterns and develo('ents of 'isre#o!nition or distortedre#o!nition" S #$ so#ial ($eno'ena) %$i#$ are disres(e#tf l ore.(erien#ed as $ar'f l by t$ose affe#ted) are to be #riti#ized) analysedand lti'ately #$an!ed" T$e %or, of so#ial #riti+ e ta,es as its startin!(oint t$e ne!ativity e.(erien#ed by t$e (oor) t$e alienated) t$e o((ressedand t$e ne'(loyed"

To nderta,e an effe#tive #riti+ e of so#iety one ' st start by ta,in! into

a##o nt instan#es of in0 sti#e or violations of standards of 0 sti#e" In #ontrast toits (ositive #o nter(art) t$e e.(erien#e of in0 sti#e (ossesses !reater nor'ativebite" *s s #$) for Honnet$) no e.(erien#e of in0 sti#e ' st be i!nored even if its( bli# e.(ression is fra !$t %it$ dan!er and diffi# lty" T$is a((roa#$ to so#ial

0 sti#e and nor'ativity is ty(i#al of t$e Fran,f rt S#$ool) %$i#$ !ro nds t$e'otivation for so#ial resistan#e and liberation 'ove'ents not on !rand t$eoriesof intelle#t als b t on (eo(le/s everyday e.(erien#e" ;Pila(il 6 >>) 8> S#$nitt,er and Qo$n 6 3


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seless ; os%in,el 6 >6 ) 63 -3>>


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7: GOTTFRIED SCHWEIGER

vanis$ si'(ly be#a se t$e ed #ation syste' !ets 'ore e+ al or be#a sedis#ri'ination based on !ender) ra#e or nationality sto(s" Even nders #$ Kideal #ir# 'stan#es - %$i#$ %ill (robably never be f lly a#$ievednder t$e # rrent syste' - ne'(loy'ent as %ell as (re#ario s 0obs %ill

e.ist if t$e state does not intervene and (rovide a 0ob for (eo(le %$o $aveno #$an#e on t$e #a(italisti# 0ob 'ar,et) %$i#$ %ill al%ays (rod #e l #,y %inners and 'any losers"

If 'odern so#ieties are %or,in! so#ieties) and if t$is is not only arbitrary b t rat$er $as an intrinsi# %ort$ and 'oral val e) t$en it is a'oral obli!ation to 'a,e (aid %or, and labo r a##essible to everyone inorder to distrib te so#ial estee' a##ordin! to t$e Ka#$ieve'ent (rin#i(le "In fa#t) a 'ore in#l sive %elfare (rovision is needed and also a so#iety in

%$i#$ e+ ality of o((ort nity is 'ore t$an a 'ere slo!an be$ind %$i#$t$e s$eer l #, of $avin! t$e ri!$t birt$(la#e) and t$e (o%er of #li+ es and'oney is $idin!" If it is vie%ed to be of $i!$ 'oral val e t$at #ertain !oodsare distrib ted based on desert for one/s efforts) talents anda#$ieve'ents) and t$at t$e s($ere of (aid %or, is t$e 'ain 'edi ' of t$is distrib tion) t$en everyone s$o ld $ave a##ess to it and t$e realo((ort nity to earn so#ial estee'" T$is also does not nder'ine t$e ideaof $irin! by 'erit and t$at a 0ob itself s$o ld be deserved" David iller - %$ose tri(artite t$eory of so#ial 0 sti#e rese'bles t$e t$ree for's of re#o!nition) alt$o !$ t$ey derive fro' a different (ers(e#tive ;Honnet$6 >6< - follo%s t$e sa'e ro te %$en $e ar! es for t$e best #andidates todeserve 0obs and t$e #onne#ted re%ards"

KTo s ' () $irin! by 'erit is t$e (oli#y t$at in !eneral brin!s abo t t$e #losest#orres(onden#e bet%een individ als/ #ontrib tions and t$eir re%ards" N4e(otis' or dis#ri'ination is nfair be#a se it (redi#tably #reates a state of affairs in %$i#$ t$ere is a dis#re(an#y bet%een deserts and in#o'e re%ards"oreover) t$e best1+ alified #andidate %$o is (assed over #an le!iti'ately

#o'(lain t$at s$e is t$e vi#ti' of an in0 sti#e t$ro !$ bein! (revented fro'earnin! re%ards #o''ens rate %it$ $er (otential #ontrib tion" ; iller > )>==:=81 263"6 =" >72"."

Cedefo( ;6 > ">>>> 0">:=31=:27"6 > " :3="."

Corn%ell) aty) Cat$erine Forbes) Jrett Inder) and Gra$a' eado%s;6 >8"

De0o rs) C$risto($e) and Qean1P$ili((e Deranty ;6 > ">778 #rit"v>>i6">=3"

Las Torres de Lucca 49 : ;enero10 nio


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Unemployment, recognition and meritocracy 7

Ha!an) Qo$n) and Ronit Dinovitzer ;> ">>>> 0">27>1:83"6 =" :2 "."

Heat$) Qose($" 6 >>" KT$ree 4or'ative odels of t$e Welfare State"u.lic /eason 2 ;62-:2"

Honnet$) *.el ;> = ">>33 >2=8:2> : :=3 2"

YYY ;6 36:" doi5> "> 8 >7:63= 3 >==2>66"

Lindvall) Qo$annes ;6 > "> 23 6>1 > " ">"72"



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= GOTTFRIED SCHWEIGER

iller) David ;> "> 6 0ob"=66"

Pa l) arsten I") and la s oser ;6 >33 >= 2 : :8==3"

Pet$erbrid!e) Danielle) ed" ;6 >>> ">>33 66>:=7 3 :8 6 6"

S#$%ei!er) Gottfried ;6 >2a:2 EP"6 ":"2"2 72:

YYY ;6 >2b "> 8 2 >3= 7"6 >2"83=8>8



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Unemployment, recognition and meritocracy =>

S'it$) 4i#$olas H" ;6 >68 ;>< ;Febr ary >: 3 s>>>781 >61 >8712"

os%in,el) Ste($an ;6 >6 "> 8 >27=2:= :6 6>8 7 "

Wanber!) Connie R" ;6 >6 ">>:= ann rev1(sy#$1>6 3> 1> 7 "

W ) C$i1Fan!) and ary ee!an Ea'on ;6 >> "> >= 0"#$ildyo t$"6 > ">6" 2"

unemployment, recognition and meritocracy

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