UNESCO intangible UNESCO intangible CULTURAL HERITAGECULTURAL HERITAGE

Of CROATIAOf CROATIA

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LACE MAKINGLACE MAKING

• The difference between the lacemaking in European The difference between the lacemaking in European countries and our country lies in its creators. In countries and our country lies in its creators. In Europe, lacemaking was in the hands of nuns, Europe, lacemaking was in the hands of nuns, bourgeoisie and nobility, while in Croatia it was bourgeoisie and nobility, while in Croatia it was transferred from them to the hands of rural women in transferred from them to the hands of rural women in small villages. They have made lace for traditional small villages. They have made lace for traditional clothes and furnishings.clothes and furnishings.

LEPOGLAVA, PAG AND HVARLEPOGLAVA, PAG AND HVAR

• Nowadays, there are three main centres of lacemaking Nowadays, there are three main centres of lacemaking in Croatia, whose work is a continuation of the long-in Croatia, whose work is a continuation of the long-lasting lacemaking tradition. These are: Lepoglava in lasting lacemaking tradition. These are: Lepoglava in Hrvatsko zagorje with bobbin lace, Pag on the Adriatic Hrvatsko zagorje with bobbin lace, Pag on the Adriatic with needle point lace and Hvar with aloe lace.with needle point lace and Hvar with aloe lace.

• The skill of making ribbon bobbin lacework from flax The skill of making ribbon bobbin lacework from flax fibres that the rural women from Lepoglava made for fibres that the rural women from Lepoglava made for decorating their garments or for sale, resulted in the decorating their garments or for sale, resulted in the making of fine lace with different forms. The Pag lace is making of fine lace with different forms. The Pag lace is an ornamental element first occurring in folklore textile an ornamental element first occurring in folklore textile and later as an independent decoration. The skill of and later as an independent decoration. The skill of making lace from aloe in the town of Hvar is specific due making lace from aloe in the town of Hvar is specific due to the material it is made of (aloe) and its single to the material it is made of (aloe) and its single connection to a Benedictine convent.connection to a Benedictine convent.

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Two-part singing and playing in the Two-part singing and playing in the Istrian ScaleIstrian Scale

• There is often a degree of improvisation and There is often a degree of improvisation and variation during the performance in both voices, but variation during the performance in both voices, but endings in unison or in octave remain as a strict rule. endings in unison or in octave remain as a strict rule. This feature can be noticed in bugarenje sub-style, This feature can be noticed in bugarenje sub-style, too, regardless of the fact that the lower voice drops too, regardless of the fact that the lower voice drops additionally for a second or a diminished third.additionally for a second or a diminished third.Most of tone rows consist of four to six tones. Metro-Most of tone rows consist of four to six tones. Metro-rhythmical organization, formal structure and rhythmical organization, formal structure and structure of the sung text range from simple to very structure of the sung text range from simple to very complex patterns, and the relationship between complex patterns, and the relationship between music and lyrics is specific.music and lyrics is specific.

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FESTIVITY OF ST. BLAISE-THE PATRON FESTIVITY OF ST. BLAISE-THE PATRON SAINT OF DUBROVNIKSAINT OF DUBROVNIK

• Based on the legend of the appearance of Saint Based on the legend of the appearance of Saint Blaise to help the inhabitants of Dubrovnik against Blaise to help the inhabitants of Dubrovnik against their enemy, the Festivity is an occasion in which the their enemy, the Festivity is an occasion in which the people of the City and its surrounding area, the people of the City and its surrounding area, the representatives of state and local authorities representatives of state and local authorities together with the representatives of the Roman together with the representatives of the Roman Catholic Church participate. Added to the spiritual Catholic Church participate. Added to the spiritual dimension is a special effect the Festivity produces in dimension is a special effect the Festivity produces in relation to social relations and order, as well as the relation to social relations and order, as well as the quality of the authoritiesquality of the authorities..

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Kraljice (queens) from village GorjaniKraljice (queens) from village Gorjani• They are divided into kraljice (queens) and kraljevi They are divided into kraljice (queens) and kraljevi

(kings); about ten kings wear sabres and male hats (kings); about ten kings wear sabres and male hats decorated with flowers and half as much queens decorated with flowers and half as much queens wear white garlands on their heads like brides. From wear white garlands on their heads like brides. From a wide repertoire of kraljica lyrics they choose songs a wide repertoire of kraljica lyrics they choose songs corresponding to the families they are visiting; most corresponding to the families they are visiting; most often they sing to a girl, boy or a young bride. Then often they sing to a girl, boy or a young bride. Then kraljevi perform a dance with sabres, and kraljice kraljevi perform a dance with sabres, and kraljice comment on the dance figures through song. This is comment on the dance figures through song. This is followed by a folk dance accompanied by musicians followed by a folk dance accompanied by musicians that can be joined in by the household members. that can be joined in by the household members. After they are treated to food and drinks, the After they are treated to food and drinks, the procession goes to another house.procession goes to another house.

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FROM KASTAV: BELL RINGERSFROM KASTAV: BELL RINGERS

• They all have sheepskin throws turned inside-out and bells, They all have sheepskin throws turned inside-out and bells, after which they were named. They ring with the bells by after which they were named. They ring with the bells by moving in different ways, which requires certain skill and moving in different ways, which requires certain skill and physical endurance. Therefore it is considered that not just physical endurance. Therefore it is considered that not just anyone can become a bell ringer. Although, on one hand, visibly anyone can become a bell ringer. Although, on one hand, visibly embodying the ancient magical meaning of a ritual, which embodying the ancient magical meaning of a ritual, which should invite fertility at the end of winter, this custom is still should invite fertility at the end of winter, this custom is still very much alive even today. By enabling interaction of a group very much alive even today. By enabling interaction of a group of bell ringers (and the people following them in their of bell ringers (and the people following them in their procession) with the inhabitants of the villages they pass on procession) with the inhabitants of the villages they pass on their way, the ritual maintains and stresses the social their way, the ritual maintains and stresses the social significance and function of mutual relationships between significance and function of mutual relationships between villages in the Kastav region, which is extremely important for villages in the Kastav region, which is extremely important for the cohesion of the villages in which the ritual takes placethe cohesion of the villages in which the ritual takes place..

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PROCESSION IN HVARPROCESSION IN HVAR

• On the night from Maundy Thursday to Good Friday, the On the night from Maundy Thursday to Good Friday, the Procession passes through 6 villages on the island: Jelsa, Pitve, Procession passes through 6 villages on the island: Jelsa, Pitve, Vrisnik, Svirče, Vrbanj and Vrboska. At the same time, Vrisnik, Svirče, Vrbanj and Vrboska. At the same time, processions start from six parish churches with a cross-bearer processions start from six parish churches with a cross-bearer ahead, wearing a heavy cross as a symbol of prayer or gratitude, ahead, wearing a heavy cross as a symbol of prayer or gratitude, as his own or family pledge. He is followed by a chosen suite in as his own or family pledge. He is followed by a chosen suite in brotherhood tunics and numerous worshippers and pilgrims. They brotherhood tunics and numerous worshippers and pilgrims. They stop in front of churches and chapels in other villages where stop in front of churches and chapels in other villages where greeted by priests and return to their parish church before dawn. greeted by priests and return to their parish church before dawn. The people in the Procession pass 25 kilometres in 8 hours. It is The people in the Procession pass 25 kilometres in 8 hours. It is prepared and conducted by brotherhoods, i.e. communities of prepared and conducted by brotherhoods, i.e. communities of Hvar believers whose history has been profoundly marked by the Hvar believers whose history has been profoundly marked by the cross. The central part of the Procession is the Lamentations of cross. The central part of the Procession is the Lamentations of the Virgin Mary, an octosyllabic Passion-related text dating from the Virgin Mary, an octosyllabic Passion-related text dating from the 15th century, sang in a dialogue form by chosen singers - the 15th century, sang in a dialogue form by chosen singers - kantaduri.kantaduri.

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WOODEN TOYS PRODUCTION: WOODEN TOYS PRODUCTION: ZAGORJE REGION!ZAGORJE REGION!

• AA peculiar production of toys was developed in the peculiar production of toys was developed in the 19th century and it has been preserved in some 19th century and it has been preserved in some villages such as Laz, Stubica, Tugonica and Marija villages such as Laz, Stubica, Tugonica and Marija BistricaBistrica..

• All these villages are on the route to the greatest All these villages are on the route to the greatest pilgrimage site in Croatia - Marija Bistrica. From very pilgrimage site in Croatia - Marija Bistrica. From very simple reed toys, the assortment widened so that, at simple reed toys, the assortment widened so that, at times, one hundred and twenty different toys were times, one hundred and twenty different toys were produced. The method of their production was produced. The method of their production was passed on from generation to generation in some passed on from generation to generation in some families and has been kept to this day. The families and has been kept to this day. The peculiarity is that they are handmade by men and peculiarity is that they are handmade by men and mostly painted by women.mostly painted by women.

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A PARTICULAR ART!A PARTICULAR ART!

• There can never be two completely identical toys There can never be two completely identical toys since each one is handmade. The material used is since each one is handmade. The material used is soft wood from the area, willow, lime, beech and soft wood from the area, willow, lime, beech and maple that craftsmen hew after drying and then cut maple that craftsmen hew after drying and then cut and shape it with the help of wooden or cardboard and shape it with the help of wooden or cardboard models. In painting they use eco paint and their base models. In painting they use eco paint and their base colours are usually red, yellow or blue. They paint the colours are usually red, yellow or blue. They paint the toys with floral and geometrical ornaments. Today, toys with floral and geometrical ornaments. Today, about fifty types of toys are made, ranging from about fifty types of toys are made, ranging from various reeds, tamburitzas, animal toys and objects various reeds, tamburitzas, animal toys and objects of common use.of common use.

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Klapa singinig-since 2012!Klapa singinig-since 2012!• Klapa, or a capella type singing, Klapa, or a capella type singing,

has a long tradition in the region has a long tradition in the region and is usually performed with the and is usually performed with the leader of each singing group as the leader of each singing group as the first tenor, followed by several first tenor, followed by several tenori, baritoni and basi voices. tenori, baritoni and basi voices. During performances, the singers During performances, the singers stand in a tight semicircle. The first stand in a tight semicircle. The first tenor starts the singing and is tenor starts the singing and is followed by the others. The main followed by the others. The main aim is to achieve the best possible aim is to achieve the best possible blend of voices.blend of voices.

• Topics of klapa songs usually deal Topics of klapa songs usually deal with love, life situations, and the with love, life situations, and the environment in which they live.environment in which they live.

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