n The leaky pipeline: women remain a minority in research worldwide.

Gender

Note: The data used in the UNESCO Science Report to make these graphics were extracted from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics‘ database in July 2015. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030, published in 2015

UNESCOPublishing

United NationsEducational, Scientific and

Cultural Organization

UNESCOSCIENCEREPORTTowards 2030

Female bachelor’s graduates

Female master’sgraduates

Female PhD graduates

Female researchersg

53 53

43

28

R U S S I A N F E D E R A T I O N

KAZAKHSTANMONGOLIA

CHINA

INDIA

IRAN

EGYPTLIBYA

MOROCCO

MALI

CUBA

GUATEMALA

EL SALVADOR

COSTARICA

COLOMBIA

VENEZUELATRINIDAD & TOBAGO

ECUADOR

BOLIVIA

BRAZIL

PARAGUAY

CHILE

ARGENTINA

URUGUAY

SENEGALGAMBIA BURKINA FASO

GHANATOGO

CAMEROON

CENTRALAFRICANREPUBLIC

GABON

ETHIOPIA

UGANDA

RWANDA

BURUNDI

KENYA

TANZANIA

MOZAMBIQUEMALAWI

ZAMBIAANGOLA

NAMIBIABOTSWANA

ZIMBABWE

LESOTHOSOUTHAFRICA

MADAGASCAR

TURKEY

PHILIPPINES

MALAYSIA

KOREA, REP. JAPAN

VIET NAM

SRI LANKA

SAUDI ARABIA

PAKISTAN NEPAL

IRAQ

KYRGYZSTANUZBEKISTAN

TAJIKISTAN

OMAN

UAEQATAR

BAHRAIN

KUWAIT

AZERBAIJANARMENIA

JORDANISRAELPALESTINE

TUNISIA

THAILAND

ICELAND

UNITED KINGDOM

NORWAY

SWEDEN

DENMARK

FINLAND

BELARUS

UKRAINE

ROMANIA

BULGARIA

GREECE

POLAND

HUNGARYAUSTRIA

GERMANY

FRANCE

ITALY

SPAINPORTUGAL

LUXEMBOURG

SWITZERLAND

BELGIUM

NETHERLANDS

CZECH REP.SLOVAKIA

MOLDOVA

SERBIA

MONT.

CROATIABOS. & HERZ.

SLOVENIA

ALB.MAC. FYR

CYPRUS

ESTONIA

LATVIA

LITHUANIA

IRELAND

n There are wide variations from one country and one region to another.

Share of female researchers by country, 2013 or closest year (%)

Regional shares of female researchers, 2013 (%)

Share of women in higher education and research, 2013 (%)

48.5

44.4

44.3

44.3

40.2

36.8

34.2

33.1

30.0

27.2

22.5

16.9

Southeast Europe

Caribbean

Central Asia

Latin America

Eastern Europe

Arab States

European Free Trade Association

European Union

Sub-Saharan Africa

West Asia

Southeast Asia

South Asia

0–14.9%

15–24.9%

25–34.9%

35–44.9%

45–54.9%

55% or more

Data unavailable

0–14.9%

15–24.9%

25–34.9%

35–44.9%

45–54.9%

55% or more

Data unavailable

0–14.9%

15–24.9%

25–34.9%

35–44.9%

45–54.9%

55% or more

Data unavailable

0–14.9%

15–24.9%

25–34.9%

35–44.9%

45–54.9%

55% or more

Data unavailable