UNIT 1:AGE OF EXPLORATION

Today’s essential question

Why was there a desire for direct trade to Asia

and how did it lead England to create

colonies in the New World?

Causes of European Exploration Push Factors

Crusades Holy wars fought between Christians and

Muslims for Jerusalem Results?

Renaissance Rebirth of knowledge after Middle Ages Causes? Results?

Push-Pull Factors

Why Explore? Knowledge Gold God Glory Technology Trade

The Caravel

Portugal takes the lead!

Prince Henry “the Navigator”

Opened the first school of navigation

Never actually navigated anything

Sought a faster route to the Portugal’s Asian Possessions (Spice Islands)

GOAL: PORTUGUESE EMPIRE, SPREAD CATHOLICISM, TRADE

Voyages to Africa

1400s – Portuguese explorers searched Africa’s western coast for gold and spices

Pope Nicholas V – granted rights to all lands claimed in return for converting inhabitants

Kill all who resist

Portuguese Explorers

Vasco de Gama*Sets out to find a

faster route to India, around Africa

African Resistance

War and disease temporarily stop Portugal, but eventually Africa will be won through trade

Portuguese Trade – pepper, gold, cloth and ivory in exchange for guns, gunpowder, and later rum

The Spanish Monarchy – King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

Spanish Goals for the Exploration

1. Spanish Empire2. Overtake Portuguese3. Spread Catholicism

What do you already know about him?

In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.

In 1493, he returned to make slaves of all he’d see.

“One of the greatest mariners in history, a visionary genius, a mystic, a national hero, a failed administrator, a naïve entrepreneur, and a ruthless and greedy imperialist.” From The Library of Congress’ 1429:

AN ONGOING VOYAGE

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

Christopher Columbus

Columbus, an Italian, met Ferdy and Izzy’s goals.

Columbus was to find a direct route to ASIA by TRAVELING WEST from SPAIN!

He ran into something else.

Columbus’ voyage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjEGncridoQ&list=UUX6b17PVsYBQ0ip5gyeme-Q&index=22&feature=plcp

Traveling for Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella)

Where did he think he landed?The East Indies

Where did he land?Landed in San Salvador

Columbus’ voyage

CENTRAL AMERICA

He called the Natives “Indians” because he thought he had arrived in India.Tales of his journeys lead to a new demand among Europeans to colonize the “New World”The Age of Conquest had begun!

Columbus’ Discoveries and Claims 1492 – Columbus leaves Spain on three

ships (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria) with 90 men

Land sighted six weeks later (the Bahamas), colonized natives

Returned later and enslaved natives in a quest for gold

Eventually thousands die to the Spanish conquistadores

English Explorers

John Cabot – 1497 – believed Columbus discovered Asia

Landed in Canada 2nd Voyage sailed as

far south as Maryland

Claimed all land for England (“New England”)

French Explorers

Focused on Northern areas

Claimed Canada for fishing and fur trade

Jacques Cartier – 1534 – followed St. Lawrence River inland, claiming all lands for France

Other Spaniards

1539 – Hernando de Soto – lands in Florida, claims all lands north to Arkansas

Plundered native villages for gold, died during war along the Mississippi

1566 – Juan Pardo established St. Augustine, FL – oldest colony in “New World”

By 1492, people had lived in the Western Hemisphere for tens of thousands of years without sustained contact with other parts of the world (Europe, Africa, Asia) Where is the Western Hemisphere? (someone show us on the

map in the classroom)

What came to be called “America”

In 1510, reached the coast of what is now South America

Proved Columbus wrong What about Columbus’ ideas were incorrect? Where did Columbus think that he originally

landed? The East Indies (What today is Indonesia)

Recognized the New World as “America” Why do you think it is named America?

AMERIGO VESPUCCI

Today’s essential question

What was the Columbian Exchange and how did it relate to movement and

interaction between the New and Old World?

Contact with Europeans

Contact brought to the Native Americans new food products and tools

Also brought new diseases

Over half of the Native American population would die within a century

Columbian exchange

Columbian Exchange

Triangular Trade