UNIT 1UNIT 1

““ARE WE THERE YET” – MAP ARE WE THERE YET” – MAP SKILLS 101SKILLS 101

GOALS AND OBJECTIVESGOALS AND OBJECTIVES

► I will be able to understand the I will be able to understand the difference between absolute and difference between absolute and relative location.relative location.

► I will be able to locate on a map I will be able to locate on a map specific lines of longitude and latitude specific lines of longitude and latitude (i.e., Prime Meridian, International (i.e., Prime Meridian, International Date Line, Equator, North and South Date Line, Equator, North and South Poles, Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, Poles, Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, and Arctic and Antarctic Circles)and Arctic and Antarctic Circles)

LATITUDELATITUDE

►Lines that run east-westLines that run east-west►Called parallels because they are always Called parallels because they are always

parallel to each otherparallel to each other►Measure distance north and south of the Measure distance north and south of the

equatorequator►Parallels north of the equator are labeled Parallels north of the equator are labeled

with an “N” for north (range 0with an “N” for north (range 0°°-90-90°°N)N)►Parallels south of the equator are Parallels south of the equator are

labeled with an “S” for south (range 0labeled with an “S” for south (range 0°°--9090°°S)S)

LATITUDELATITUDE►Major circlesMajor circles

Arctic Circle (24 hour sunlight/darkness)Arctic Circle (24 hour sunlight/darkness)

Tropic of Cancer (Summer)Tropic of Cancer (Summer) EquatorEquator Tropic of Capricorn (Winter)Tropic of Capricorn (Winter)

Antarctic Circle (24 hour Antarctic Circle (24 hour sunlight/darkness)sunlight/darkness)

LONGITUDELONGITUDE

► Lines that run north-southLines that run north-south► Called meridiansCalled meridians► All meridians meet at the north and south All meridians meet at the north and south

polespoles► They measure distance east and west of the They measure distance east and west of the

prime meridian (0prime meridian (0°)°) and the 180 and the 180° meridian in ° meridian in the Pacific Oceanthe Pacific Ocean

► Meridians west of the prime meridian to 180° Meridians west of the prime meridian to 180° are labeled with a Ware labeled with a W

► Meridians east of the primer meridian to 180° Meridians east of the primer meridian to 180° are labeled with an Eare labeled with an E

LONGITUDELONGITUDE

►Major Major meridians:meridians: Prime Prime

meridianmeridian International International

Date LineDate Line 180180°° meridian meridian

MEASURING WITH DEGREESMEASURING WITH DEGREES

►Latitude measures distance from the Latitude measures distance from the equatorequator

►Symbol is Symbol is °°►Degrees are divided into minutes. The Degrees are divided into minutes. The

symbol for minutes is ´symbol for minutes is ´►There are 60 minutes in a degreeThere are 60 minutes in a degree►Ex. 45°N 3’Ex. 45°N 3’

HEMISPHERESHEMISPHERES

►The Northern Hemisphere and The Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere are separated Southern Hemisphere are separated by the line of latitude called the by the line of latitude called the EQUATOREQUATOR

►The Eastern Hemisphere and Western The Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere are separated by the lines Hemisphere are separated by the lines of longitude called the PRIME of longitude called the PRIME MERIDIAN AND THE 180MERIDIAN AND THE 180°° MERIDIAN MERIDIAN

HEMISPHERESHEMISPHERES

HEMISPHERESHEMISPHERES

HEMISPHERESHEMISPHERES

HEMISPHERESHEMISPHERES

LOCATIONLOCATION

► Absolute – a specific description of a Absolute – a specific description of a locationlocation Example: 655 Colice-Jeanne Rd, Nashville, TNExample: 655 Colice-Jeanne Rd, Nashville, TN

► Relative – a general description of a locationRelative – a general description of a location Example: Canada is north of the United StatesExample: Canada is north of the United States

► http://http://www.confluence.org/region.php?idwww.confluence.org/region.php?id=52=52

1.1. Geography – the study of the world, its Geography – the study of the world, its people and the landscapes they createpeople and the landscapes they create

2.2. cartographer – a map makercartographer – a map maker

3.3. absolute location – a specific absolute location – a specific description of a placedescription of a place

4.4. relative location – a general description relative location – a general description of a placeof a place

5.5. place – describes the features that place – describes the features that make a site uniquemake a site unique

6.6. human-environment interaction – human-environment interaction – focuses on how people and their focuses on how people and their physical environment affect each otherphysical environment affect each other

1.1. movement – focuses on how and why movement – focuses on how and why people and things movepeople and things move

2.2. region – areas that share common region – areas that share common characteristicscharacteristics

3.3. map key – a small description of the map key – a small description of the symbols usedsymbols used

4.4. scale (large vs. small) - The relationship scale (large vs. small) - The relationship between the actual size of a place and between the actual size of a place and its size as shown on a mapits size as shown on a map

5.5. compass rose – a symbol on a map to compass rose – a symbol on a map to indicate directionindicate direction

6.6. global grid – A coordinate system, with global grid – A coordinate system, with the origin at 0° latitude and 0° the origin at 0° latitude and 0° longitude longitude 

1.1. latitude – lines that run east to west and latitude – lines that run east to west and measure distance north and south of the measure distance north and south of the equatorequator

2.2. longitude – lines that run north to south and longitude – lines that run north to south and measure distance east and west of the measure distance east and west of the Prime Meridian and the 180° meridianPrime Meridian and the 180° meridian

3.3. Prime Meridian – the line of longitude that Prime Meridian – the line of longitude that separates the East and West hemispheresseparates the East and West hemispheres

4.4. International Date Line – line of longitude in International Date Line – line of longitude in the Pacific Ocean where the date is the Pacific Ocean where the date is changed exactly one day as it is crossedchanged exactly one day as it is crossed

5.5. hemisphere – half of the earth (east/west hemisphere – half of the earth (east/west and north/south)and north/south)

6.6. contour lines – a line connecting equal contour lines – a line connecting equal points of elevation points of elevation

Airline routes between San Airline routes between San Francisco and Tokyo following the most direct great Francisco and Tokyo following the most direct great

circle (top), but following the jet stream (bottom) circle (top), but following the jet stream (bottom) when heading eastwards when heading eastwards

► map projection - a projection of the globe map projection - a projection of the globe onto a flat map using a grid of lines of onto a flat map using a grid of lines of latitude and longitudelatitude and longitude

► distortion - a change in shape, size, or distortion - a change in shape, size, or position of a place when it's shown on a map. position of a place when it's shown on a map. 

► time zone - a region of the earth that has time zone - a region of the earth that has uniform standard timeuniform standard time

► GIS/GPS - geographical information system, is GIS/GPS - geographical information system, is any system that captures, stores, analyzes, any system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that are linked manages, and presents data that are linked to location--Global Positioning System: a to location--Global Positioning System: a navigational system involving satellites and navigational system involving satellites and computers that can determine the latitude computers that can determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth  and longitude of a receiver on Earth