Unit #1:Birth of a Nation

American Civil War

1861-1865

Snapshot of the North Industrialized with twice population of the South Effective tax collection & 90% of U.S. industry Social reforms (abolition, women’s suffrage, education) Supported tariffs (taxes on foreign goods) Favored federal power over states’ power

Advantages of the South Agricultural; depending on slave labor (1/3 total pop.) Against tariffs (taxes on foreign goods) Supported states’ rights over federal powers

Battles fought on “home land” Stronger sense of tradition & morale

NorthNorth SouthSouth

Reasons for Reasons for fightingfighting

To preserve the To preserve the UnionUnion

To defend the To defend the homelandhomeland

DisadvantagDisadvantageses

Hard to carry Hard to carry their battle into their battle into enemy territoryenemy territory

Had fewer Had fewer soldiers & soldiers & resourcesresources

AdvantagesAdvantages Greater Greater manpower & manpower &

resourcesresources

Familiarity with Familiarity with the landthe land

Military Military StrategiesStrategies

Surround & Surround & dominate the dominate the

SouthSouth

Hold out until the Hold out until the North grew North grew

wearyweary

Events of the Civil War 1863: Battle of Gettysburg (3 days; Northern victory)

Gettysburg Address (dedicated a cemetery for casualties) Emancipation Proclamation (all slaves under rebel control were

free as of Jan. 1, 1863)

1865: Surrender at Appomattox (VA) Gen. Robert E. Lee (South) & Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (North)

met at the Appomattox Court House; General Lee surrenders resulting in Northern victory of the war

Black Soldiers Resolutions Union enlisted black

soldiers in conquered areas of the South

They made up 1/10 of Union Army by end of war

Unequal treatment in Army

Secession illegal 4 million “free” blacks Over 620,000 men died Lincoln assassinated

(April 1985)

Lincoln’s Assassination Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 Ford’s Theater, Washington DC Lincoln was taken to house across the street where

he died the next day, Good Friday, April 15, 1865