unit 1 ch. 3 the dynamic earth

8/2/2019 Unit 1 Ch. 3 the Dynamic Earth

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Unit 1 Ch. 3 Intro to env Science

Ch. 3 The Dynamic Earth


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3.1 The Geosphere

Earth is a system with 4parts

Geosphere rock

Atmosphere air

Hydrosphere water

Biosphere living things

These 4 parts are


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The geosphere

Composition of the earth 3 layers

Crust outer layer, thin,made of lighter elements

Mantle middle layer,medium density rocks

Core innermost layer ofdense elements

Structure of the earth

Lithosphere rigid outer


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Plate tectonics

Lithosphere divided into pieces calledplates

Plates float on top of the athenosphere

Continents are on top of plates andmove with them

Plate boundaries site of geologicalactivity when plates collide, move away

from or slide along each other


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Plates of the world


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Earthquakes

Fault break in the earths crust whereblocks of the crust slide along eachother

Rocks (blocks) slip due to stresssending out vibrations of energythrough the earths crust causing anearthquake


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volcanoes

Volcano mountainsbuilt by

magma, risesfrom insidethe earth tothe surface

Locatedalong plateboundaries

Rin of Fire


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erosion

Erosion removal andtransport of surfacematerials

Caused by wind andwater

Changes the shape ofrocks and landscape softer rocks erode morequickly

A lachian mtns =


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3.2 the atmosphere

Mixture of gasessurrounding the earth

Keeps the earth warm so

living things can surviveGases constantly put in and

taken out

CompositionNitrogen 78%

Oxygen 21%

Other 1%


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Layers of the atmosphere

Based on tempchanges

Troposphere nearestto the surface, whereall the weather occurs,

temp as altitude Stratosphere temp

as altitude because

ozone is absorbing uv


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Energy in the atmosphere

Energy comes fromthe sun

Transferred in 3

waysRadiation rays

through space

Conduction objectstouching

Convection by aircurrents circulates

heat through

Energy comes intoatmosphere from sun

Some is reflected byearths surface

Some is absorbed byearths surface (1/2)

Some is scattered by

clouds and airSome is absorbed by

clouds

Earths surfaceradiates heat back


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Greenhouse effect

Process in which gases trap heat nearthe earth

Life could not exist on earth without GE


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3.3 The Hydrosphere

All water on or near the earths surface

Required for life

The water cycle continuousmovement of water into the air, ontoland and back to water sources

Evaporation liquid to gas ground to airCondensation gas to liquid water forms

droplet on dust particle forms clouds

Precipitation water falling from clouds


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The water cycle


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oceans

World ocean interconnected body of allthe oceans

Covers 70% of earthssurface

Made of: Pacific, Atlantic,

Indian, ArcticOcean water: contains

more salts than

freshwater


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Oceans cont.

Ocean currents stream likemovements of water through theocean, can be warm or cold, at the

surface or deepWarm water wont mix with cold so the

currents can travel a great distance

where they influence local climates onland


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Freshwater

30% of hydrosphere most is frozen inglaciers and icecaps,

the rest is in rivers,lakes, wetlands, andthe ground

River system network of streamsthat drain an area ofland


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The biosphere

Narrow layer around theearths surface in which lifecan exist

Includes uppermost part ofgeosphere, most of thehydrosphere, and the lower

part of the atmosphereFulfills 3 requirements for

life:

Liquid water, moderate

unit 1 ch. 3 the dynamic earth

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