unit 1 habitable worlds - mrs. morganlpcsdtmorgan.weebly.com/uploads/2/4/4/3/24430106/... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 1 Habitable Worlds
Learning objectives:
• 3 things needed for life
• 2 Types of organisms (producers and
consumers)
• Most important elements for life
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Habitable World Video Notes
Essential question:
What makes a good environment for life?
Define habitable:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
p4OqZtojqUQ&feature=plcp
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Habitable = Livable =
Ability to support life
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Living Things Require
• Liquid water
• Building blocks =Nutrients (CHNOPS)
• Energy Source
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Spaceward Bound: Arctic 2008
MARS field station
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Draw lines of longitude on the
globe below
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Draw lines of latitude on the globe
in your notes
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Put a star at 80°N 90°W
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McGill Arctic Research Station
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Time Lapse photos of Sun noon midnight
1. Why does the sun look like it moves across the sky?
2. Why is it still light out in the Arctic at midnight?
3. Predict what happens to daylight in the winter on Axel?
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Meet the Team
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The Mission
• Prepare for human exploration on Mars by
studying life in extreme environments on
Earth
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Extreme Environments
• Mars = Phoenix rover landing site
– (-28°F to -100°F)
• Axel = Average temps in February
– (-31°F to -49°F)
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Axel Heiburg Island
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Phoenix rover landing site
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Chris McKay
Planetary Scientist
Space Science Division
NASA Ames Research Center
Expedition Lead
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=xlIj-BtYWn4 up to 5:00
What does life need???
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Define metabolism
• All the chemical reactions needed to live
• Required for life
• Ex: eating, digesting, growing
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Sci Fri
“Tiny Animals Survive Exposure to Space”
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Search for Life on Mars
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Phoenix landed Sunday 25 May 2008
• North polar region of Mars
• Looking for liquid water (essential for life)
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Freeze thaw cycles Polygon patterns in in
polar dry deserts
Axel Heiburg, EarthMars
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Tribute to Phoenix
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How do we know this isn’t a
white rock?
sublimating
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Evaporation
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Sublimation
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Search for Life
• 1st find water
• 2nd look for building blocks of life
• Ex: Elements like CHNOPS and
compounds that make up organisms
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Building blocks of life =
• Compounds made of Carbon atoms bound to
other atoms
• Ex: carbonates, DNA, proteins and sugars
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Collecting microbial fossils at
Relic Springs
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Vinegar test
• Drop rock samples
into vinegar.
• If gas bubbles
form, then the rock
contains
carbonates
(building blocks of
life)
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Why did we look for carbonates
in the rocks?
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Max
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Curiosity Rover landed in 2012
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Curiosity lands on Gale Crater 2012
1. Evidence of an ancient streambed
2. Found CNHOPS
3. Found organic compounds in rocks
4. Evidence of methane production
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Identifying Life in the Extremes
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Permafrost
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Results
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Describe 2 difference between bacteria above
and inside permafrost
Above the permafrost Inside the permafrost
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Life in Extreme Cold
• “Is there life in Gypsum Springs” video questions
• Why are the rocks grey?
• They’re covered in bacteria (biofilms)
• How do sulfur reducing bacteria survive?
• They use sulfur compounds metabolism
http://spacewardboundarctic2008.blogspot.com/
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KEY IDEA:
Living World Depends on Non-Living World
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Living things require
1. An Energy Source
2. Liquid Water
3. Raw Materials / Building Blocks
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• Producers use light or chemical energy
food
– (ex: plants)
• Consumers get energy from eating living
things
– (ex: animals and decomposers)
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Liquid Water
• Dissolves and moves things
• Helps maintain homeostasis
– Homeostasis = maintaining balances
• Balances temperature
• Balances concentrations of dissolved things
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Raw materials
• = nutrients
• Most important elements for life =
CHNOPS
– Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen,
Phosphorus, Sulfur
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Habitable worlds in our solar system
• Except for Earth each planet and moon has
major limitations
• If life exists on any of our planets or their
moons it is most likely small and
underground
• Europa, Mars, and Titan may have or have
had habitable conditions
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Quiz Questions
1. List 3 things needed for life
2. Define metabolism
3. Define each and give an example
– Producer
– Consumer
4. list the 6 most important elements for life
(write them out - not just the symbols)
5. What is homeostasis?