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Ch
em
Re
vie
w P
t 1
Wha
t is
Che
mis
try?
�S
tud
y o
f p
rop
ert
ies o
f m
ate
ria
ls a
nd
th
e
ch
an
ge
s t
ha
t th
ey u
nd
erg
o
Wh
y S
tud
y C
hem
istr
y?
�S
atisfy
cu
riosity
�H
elp
s w
ith
:
�P
harm
aceuticals
�F
ert
ilizers
�P
art
of
the c
urr
iculu
m
�B
ridg
es t
he g
ap b
etw
een
vari
ous d
iscip
line
s
De
fin
itio
ns
�M
att
er
� a
nyth
ing
th
at
ha
s m
ass a
nd
take
s u
p
sp
ace
�C
lassifie
d in
to t
hre
e s
tate
s:
�G
as
�Liq
uid
�S
olid
�E
lem
en
ts �
su
bsta
nce t
ha
t ca
nn
ot
be
bro
ke
n d
ow
n
into
sim
ple
r su
bsta
nces
�A
tom
s �
sm
alle
st re
pre
sen
tative
part
icle
of
an
ele
me
nt
Sta
tes o
f M
att
er
Sta
te o
f M
att
er
Volu
me
Shap
eC
om
pre
ssib
ility
Dis
tance
B
etw
een
M
ole
cule
s
Gas
Vari
able
Vari
ab
leC
om
pre
ssib
leF
ar
apart
Liq
uid
Fix
ed
Vari
ab
leN
ot
com
pre
ssib
leC
loser
tog
eth
er
So
lidF
ixed
Fix
ed
Not
com
pre
ssib
leC
losest, H
eld
to
ge
the
r
De
fin
itio
ns
�P
ure
su
bsta
nce
� m
att
er
tha
t h
as d
istin
ct
pro
pe
rtie
s a
nd
a c
om
po
sitio
n t
ha
t d
oe
s n
ot
va
ry
fro
m s
am
ple
to
sa
mp
le
�E
lem
en
ts
�C
om
po
un
ds
�M
ixtu
res �
co
mb
ina
tio
n o
f 2
or
mo
re
su
bsta
nce
s w
he
re t
he
y r
eta
in t
he
ir p
rop
ert
ies
�H
om
og
en
eo
us (
aka
so
lutio
ns)
�H
ete
roge
ne
ou
s
Ele
me
nts
�U
se
sym
bo
ls t
o r
ep
rese
nt
the
m a
nd
pe
rio
dic
ta
ble
to
arr
an
ge
th
em
�11
7 k
no
wn
ele
me
nts
�1
to
82
are
sta
ble
exce
pt
43
& 6
1
�8
3 t
o 1
18
are
ra
dio
active
�1
to
94
occu
r n
atu
rally
�1
to
111
are
IU
PA
C c
ert
ifie
d
�11
2 to
11
6 a
nd
11
8 h
ave
be
en
ma
de
�11
7 h
as b
ee
n c
rea
ted
ye
t
Ma
tter
Uniform
T
hro
ugh
out
Ho
mog
en
eou
sH
ete
roge
neo
us
Hom
oge
ne
ous
Mix
ture
Pure
Substa
nce
Ca
n it
be s
ep
ara
ted into
sim
ple
r substa
nces?
Com
po
und
Ele
ment
Do
es c
om
positio
n
va
ry?
Pro
pert
ies o
f M
atte
r
�P
hysic
al p
rop
ert
ies c
an b
e m
ea
su
re o
r o
bserv
ed w
ithou
t chan
gin
g
the ide
ntity
or
co
mpositio
n o
f sub
sta
nce
�C
olo
r
�D
en
sity
�O
dor
�F
reezin
g P
oin
t
�M
eltin
g P
oin
t
�B
oili
ng
Poin
t
�H
ard
ne
ss
�C
hem
ica
l P
ropert
ies d
escri
be
ho
w a
co
mpou
nd
will
rea
ct
or
ch
ang
e
to form
new
substa
nce
s.
�F
lam
ma
bili
ty
�R
ea
ctivity w
ith W
ate
r
Pro
pert
ies o
f M
atte
r
�P
hysic
al P
rope
rtie
s fall
into
tw
o c
ate
go
ries
�In
ten
siv
e �
Do
es n
ot d
ep
end
on a
mo
un
t p
rese
nt
�D
en
sity
�V
isco
sity
�Te
mp
era
ture
�S
pe
cific
He
at
Ca
pa
city
�E
xte
nsiv
e �
Do
es d
epen
d o
n a
mou
nt pre
sen
t
�M
ass
�V
olu
me
�L
en
gth
�E
ne
rgy
Ch
ang
es in M
att
er
�P
hysic
al C
ha
ng
e �
ch
an
ge
in
ap
pe
ara
nce
bu
t n
ot
co
mp
ositio
n
�E
vap
ora
tio
n
�C
he
mic
al C
ha
ng
e �
ch
an
ge
in
co
mp
ositio
n
cre
atin
g a
ne
w s
ub
sta
nce
�Ir
on
re
actin
g w
ith
oxyg
en
to
fo
rm r
ust
�P
en
ny in
Nitri
c A
cid
Se
pa
rating
Mix
ture
s
�S
ep
ara
te m
ixtu
res b
ase
d u
po
n u
niq
ue
p
rop
ert
ies
�H
ow
wo
uld
yo
u s
ep
ara
te g
old
fro
m iro
n?
�B
y c
olo
r
�B
y m
ag
ne
tism
� I
ron
is m
ag
ne
tic,
go
ld is n
ot
�B
y a
dd
ing
acid
s �
Iro
n w
ill r
ea
ct,
gold
will
not
�H
ow
wo
uld
se
pa
rate
sa
lt w
ate
r?
�B
oili
ng
, C
on
de
nsin
g
�C
hro
ma
tog
rap
hy
Scie
ntific M
eth
od
�C
olle
ct
Info
rma
tio
n/o
bse
rva
tio
ns t
o fin
d a
pa
tte
rn
�H
yp
oth
esis
� t
en
tative
exp
lan
atio
n o
f a
se
rie
s o
f o
bse
rva
tio
ns
�E
xp
eri
me
nt
� to
te
st h
yp
oth
esis
�C
ontr
ols
�V
ariable
s
�A
na
lysis
� lo
ok o
ve
r a
nd
in
terp
ret
da
ta
�C
on
clu
sio
n �
do
es y
ou
r d
ata
ag
ree
with
yo
ur
hyp
oth
esis
�L
aw
� v
erb
al sta
tem
en
t o
r m
ath
em
atica
l e
qu
atio
n t
ha
t su
mm
ari
ze
s a
bro
ad
va
rie
ty o
f o
bse
rva
tio
ns
�T
he
ory
� E
xp
lan
atio
n o
f g
en
era
l p
rin
cip
les o
f p
he
no
me
na
with
co
nsid
era
ble
evid
en
ce
to
su
pp
ort
it th
at ca
n b
e u
se
d t
o m
ake
p
red
ictio
ns.
Ca
n n
ot
be
pro
ve
n.
Un
its o
f M
easu
rem
en
t
�Q
ualit
ative v
ers
us Q
uantita
tive
�C
oo
l vs.
65
ºF
�N
um
bers
must have u
nits
�7 B
ase U
nits
�M
ass �
kg
�L
eng
th �
m
�T
ime
� s
�Tem
pe
ratu
re �
K
�A
mo
un
t �
mol
�C
urr
ent
� A
�L
um
inous I
nte
nsity -
cd
Pre
fixe
s
�P
refixe
s s
ho
w d
eg
ree
�1
09
gig
a
- G
�1
06
me
ga
- M
�1
03
kilo
- k
�1
0-1
de
ci
-
d
�1
0-2
ce
nti
-
c
�1
0-3
mill
i
- m
�1
0-6
mic
ro
- �
�1
0-9
na
no
-
n
�1
0-12
pic
o
- p
�1
0-15
fem
to
- f
Co
nve
rsio
n P
ractice
�H
ow
ma
ny in
ch
es a
re t
he
re in
85
0 m
m?
�H
ow
ma
ny m
iles a
re t
he
re in
5.4
x1
06 c
m?
�H
ow
ma
ny p
ou
nd
s a
re t
he
re in
28
90
g?
Te
mpe
ratu
re a
nd D
eri
ve
d U
nits
�C
on
ve
rt b
etw
ee
n º
C a
nd
K
�ºC
+ 2
73.1
5 =
K
�D
eri
ve
d U
nits c
om
e f
rom
a c
om
bin
atio
n o
f b
ase
u
nits.
�V
elo
city �
m/s
�V
olu
me
� c
m3
�D
ensity �
g/m
L
De
nsity P
ractice
�W
ill b
all
with
a r
ad
ius o
f 0
.50
cm
an
d a
ma
ss o
f 2
.0 g
flo
at
in w
ate
r? T
he
de
nsity o
f w
ate
r is
1
g/m
L a
nd
th
e v
olu
me
of
a s
ph
ere
is 4
/3�
r3 .
�T
he
de
nsity o
f p
ure
silv
er
is 1
0.5
g/c
m3 a
t 2
0ºC
. If
5.2
5 g
of
pu
re s
ilve
r is
ad
de
d t
o a
gra
du
ate
d
cylin
de
r co
nta
inin
g 1
1.2
mL o
f w
ate
r, w
ha
t w
ill
the
fin
al vo
lum
e in
th
e c
ylin
de
r b
e?
Un
cert
ain
ty in
Me
asu
rem
ents
�E
xa
ct
Me
asu
rem
en
ts
�A
re k
no
wn
exa
ctly
�1
2 e
ggs in a
doze
n
�1
000
g in 1
kg
�2
.54 c
m in
1 in.
�In
exa
ct
Me
asu
rem
en
ts
�G
et
fro
m m
ea
su
rin
g y
ou
rse
lf
Pre
cis
ion a
nd
Accu
racy
�P
recis
e �
ho
w
me
asu
res a
re to
ea
ch
o
the
r
�A
ccu
rate
� h
ow
clo
se
m
ea
su
rem
en
ts a
re t
o
the
tru
e v
alu
e
Sig
nific
an
t F
igu
res
�S
ignific
ant F
igure
s �
write
mea
su
rem
en
ts s
o th
at on
ly th
e
last dig
it is u
ncert
ain
�R
ule
s
�0's
betw
ee
n n
on z
ero
un
its a
re s
ignific
an
t
�1
05
kg,
2000
5 m
L
�0's
at th
e b
egin
nin
g o
f a n
um
ber
are
not sig
nific
ant
�0
.0003
mg
�0's
at th
e e
nd o
f a n
um
be
r a
nd a
fte
r a
decim
al pla
ce
are
sig
nific
an
t
�0
.0500
m
�W
he
n a
num
ber
end
s in 0
's w
/o a
de
cim
al p
oin
t th
e 0
's m
ay o
r m
ay n
ot be
sig
nific
an
t
Sig
nific
an
t F
igu
res in
Ca
lcu
latio
ns
�M
ultip
lica
tio
n/D
ivis
ion
�A
nsw
er
ha
s a
ma
ny s
igfig
s a
s t
he
nu
mbe
r w
ith
the
fe
we
st
sig
figs
�A
dd
itio
n/S
ub
tra
ctio
n
�A
nsw
er
ca
n h
ave
as m
an
y d
ecim
al p
laces a
s t
he
n
um
be
r w
ith
th
e f
ew
est
decim
al p
lace
s
Sig
nific
an
t F
igu
res P
ractice
�C
alc
ula
te t
he
an
sw
er
to t
he
co
rre
ct
nu
mb
er
of
sig
nific
an
t fig
ure
s
1.0
028
+ 0
.22
1 +
0.0
103
37
7.2
55 �
6.8
35
0
(0.1
02
x 0
.08
21
x 2
73
)/1
.01
4.0
x1
04 x
5.0
21x1
0-3 x
7.3
499
3x1
02
Dim
en
sio
nal A
na
lysis
�M
eth
od
of
pro
ble
m s
olv
ing
wh
ere
un
its a
re
ca
rrie
d th
rou
gh
ou
t ca
lcu
latio
ns.
�U
se
co
nve
rsio
n f
acto
rs
�G
ive
n u
nit x
De
sir
ed
Un
it
G
ive
n U
nit
�E
xa
mp
le c
on
ve
rt 6
5 c
m t
o in
ch
es
65
cm
x
1
in
2
.54
cm
Dim
en
sio
na
l An
aly
sis
Pra
ctice
�H
ow
ma
ny s
eco
nd
s a
re t
he
re in
3 y
ea
rs?
�W
ill a
blo
ck o
f u
nkn
ow
n s
ub
sta
nce
with
a
vo
lum
e o
f 1
.2x1
04 i
n3 a
nd
a m
ass o
f 3
50
lb
flo
at
in w
ate
r?
Hom
ew
ork
�C
ha
pte
r 1
2,
12
, 1
4,
18,
20
, 2
4,
32
, 4
0,
46,
57